'Neuroinflammation' differs categorically from inflammation: Transcriptomes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and inflammatory diseases compared

Neurogenetics

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 201-212

  Filiou, Michaela D ^a   Arefin, Ahmed Shamsul ^b   Moscato, Pablo ^b   Graeber, Manuel B ^c  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bioinformatics; Inflammation; Microarrays; Microglia; Neurodegeneration; Neuroinflammation

Indexed keywords

TRANSCRIPTOME; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS; MENTAL DISEASE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOPHRENIA; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; BIOLOGY; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ENCEPHALITIS; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENETICS; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ENCEPHALITIS; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; INFLAMMATION; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PARKINSON DISEASE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TRANSCRIPTOME;

EID: 84904536784     PISSN: 13646745     EISSN: 13646753     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10048-014-0409-x     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Wiendl H (2012) Neuroinflammation: the world is not enough. Curr Opin Neurol 25:302-305. doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283534abf
2. Graeber MB, Li W, Rodriguez ML (2011) Role ofmicroglia in CNS inflammation. FEBS Lett 585:3798-3805. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.033
3. Kleinewietfeld M, Hafler DA (2014) Regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Immunol Rev 259:231-244. doi:10.1111/imr.12169
4. Reick C, Ellrichmann G, Thöne J, Scannevin RH, Saft C, Linker RA, Gold R (2014) Neuroprotective dimethyl fumarate synergizes with immunomodulatory interferon beta to provide enhanced axon protection in autoimmune neuroinflammation. Exp Neurol. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.003
5. Karpuk N, Burkovetskaya M, Fritz T, Angle A, Kielian T (2011) Neuroinflammation leads to region-dependent alterations in astrocyte gap junction communication and hemichannel activity. J Neurosci 31:414-425. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5247-10.2011
6. Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, Bradt B, Bauer J, Cole GM, Cooper NR, Eikelenboom P, Emmerling M, Fiebich BL, Finch CE, Frautschy S, Griffin WS, Hampel H, Hüll M, Landreth G, Lue L, Mrak R, Mackenzie IR, McGeer PL, O'Banion MK, Pachter J, Pasinetti G, Plata-Salaman C, Rogers J, Rydel R, Shen Y, Streit W, Strohmeyer R, Tooyoma I, van Muiswinkel FL, Veerhuis R, Walker D, Webster S, Wegrzyniak B, Wenk G, Wyss-Coray T (2000) Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. NBA 21:383-421
7. de Kloet AD, Pioquinto DJ, Nguyen D, Wang L, Smith JA, Hiller H, Sumners C (2014) Obesity induces neuroinflammation mediated by altered expression of the renin-angiotensin system in mouse forebrain nuclei. Physiol Behav. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.01.016
8. Meyer U (2013) Developmental neuroinflammation and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 42:20-34. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.11.003
9. Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA (2005) Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Ann Neurol 57:67-81. doi:10.1002/ana.20315 (Pubitemid 40053317)
10. Dobos N, Korf J, Luiten PG, Eisel UL (2010) Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and major depression. Biol Psychiatry 67:503-504. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.023
11. Daulatzai MA (2014) Chronic functional bowel syndrome enhances gut-brain axis dysfunction, neuroinflammation, cognitive impairment, and vulnerability to dementia. Neurochem Res. doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1266-6
12. Calsavara AC, Rodrigues DH, Miranda AS, Costa PA, Lima CX, Vilela MC, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL (2013) Late anxiety-like behavior and neuroinflammation in mice subjected to sublethal polymicrobial sepsis. Neurotox Res 24:103-108. doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9364-1
13. Wohleb ES, Patterson JM, Sharma V, Quan N, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF (2014) Knockdown of interleukin-1 receptor type-1 on endothelial cells attenuated stress-induced neuroinflammation and prevented anxiety-like behavior. J Neurosci 34:2583-2591. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3723-13.2014
14. Haarman BC, Riemersma-Van der Lek RF, de Groot JC, Ruhe HG, Klein HC, Zandstra TE, Burger H, Schoevers RA, de Vries EF, Drexhage HA, Nolen WA, Doorduin J (2014) Neuroinflammation in bipolar disorder - A[C]-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study. Brain Behav Immun. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014. 03.016
15. Block ML, Calderon-Garciduenas L (2009) Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends Neurosci 32:506-516. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.009
16. Saab CY, Waxman SG, Hains BC (2008) Alarm or curse? The pain of neuroinflammation. Brain Res Rev 58:226-235. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.04. 002
17. Cerejeira J, Firmino H, Vaz-Serra A, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB (2010) The neuroinflammatory hypothesis of delirium. Acta Neuropathol 119:737-754. doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0674-1
18. Wisor JP, Schmidt MA, Clegern WC (2011) Evidence for neuroinflammatory and microglial changes in the cerebral response to sleep loss. Sleep 34:261-272
19. Foresti ML, Arisi GM, Shapiro LA (2011) Role of glia in epilepsy-associated neuropathology, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis. Brain Res Rev 66:115-122. doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.09.002
20. Ransohoff RM (2014) Call for papers. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Neurol 82:648-649. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000159
21. Frangioni JV (2008) The impact of greed on academicmedicine and patient care. Nat Biotechnol 26:503-507. doi:10.1038/nbt0508-503
22. Scott A, Khan KM, Cook JL, Duronio V (2004) What is " inflammation"? Are we ready to move beyond Celsus? Br J Sports Med 38:248-249 (Pubitemid 38748111)
23. Marsden J, Budden D, Craig H, Moscato P (2013) Language individuation and marker words: Shakespeare and his Maxwell's demon. PLoS One 8:e66813. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066813.s002
24. Slodzinski H, Moran LB, Michael GJ, Wang B, Novoselov S, Cheetham ME, Pearce RK, Graeber MB (2009) Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum protein (herp) is up-regulated in parkinsonian substantia nigra and present in the core of Lewy bodies. Clin Neuropathol 28:333-343
25. Moran LB, Graeber MB (2008) Towards a pathway definition of Parkinson's disease: a complex disorder with links to cancer, diabetes and inflammation. Neurogenetics 9:1-13. doi:10.1007/s10048-007-0116-y
26. Moran LB, Hickey L, Michael GJ, Derkacs M, Christian LM, Kalaitzakis ME, Pearce RK, Graeber MB (2008) Neuronal pentraxin II is highly upregulated in Parkinson's disease and a novel component of Lewy bodies. Acta Neuropathol 115:471-478. doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0309-3
27. Moran LB, Duke DC, Graeber MB (2007) The microglial gene regulatory network activated by interferon-gamma. J Neuroimmunol 183:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.10.023 (Pubitemid 46210097)
28. Moran LB, Duke DC, Deprez M, Dexter DT, Pearce RK, Graeber MB (2006) Whole genome expression profiling of the medial and lateral substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Neurogenetics 7:1-11. doi:10.1007/s10048-005-0020-2 (Pubitemid 43327678)
29. Filiou MD, Teplytska L, Otte DM, Zimmer A, Turck CW (2012) Myelination and oxidative stress alterations in the cerebellum of the G72/G30 transgenic schizophrenia mouse model. J Psychiatr Res 46:1359-1365. doi:10.1016/j. jpsychires.2012.07.004
30. Zhang Y, Filiou MD, Reckow S, Gormanns P, Maccarrone G, Kessler MS, Frank E, Hambsch B, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Turck CW (2011) Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of a trait anxiety mouse model implicate affected pathways. Mol Cell Proteomics 10(M111):008110. doi:10.1074/mcp.M111.008110
31. Filiou MD, Zhang Y, Teplytska L, Reckow S, Gormanns P, Maccarrone G, Frank E, Kessler MS, Hambsch B, Nussbaumer M, Bunck M, Ludwig T, Yassouridis A, Holsboer F, Landgraf R, Turck CW (2011) Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of a trait anxiety mouse model reveals divergent mitochondrial pathways. Biol Psychiatry 70:1074-1082. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.009
32. Moscato P, Mendes A, Berretta R (2007) Benchmarking a memetic algorithm for ordering microarray data. Biosystems 88:56-75. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems. 2006.04.005 (Pubitemid 46215838)
33. Szczucinski A, Losy J (2011) CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11 chemokines in patients with active and stable relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neuroimmunomodulation 18:67-72
34. Kohler RE, Comerford I, Townley S, Haylock-Jacobs S, Clark-Lewis I, McColl SR (2008) Antagonism of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 reduces the pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Pathol 18:504-516
35. Cepok S, Schreiber H, Hoffmann S, Zhou D, Neuhaus O, von Geldern G, Hochgesand S, Nessler S, Rothhammer V, Lang M, Hartung H-P, Hemmer B (2009) Enhancement of chemokine expression by interferon beta therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 66:1216-1223
36. Comabella M, Imitola J, Weiner HL, Khoury SJ (2002) Interferon-beta treatment alters peripheral blood monocytes chemokine production in MS patients. J Neuroimmunol 126:205-212 (Pubitemid 34521746)
37. Comini-Frota ER, Teixeira AL, Angelo JPA, Andrade MV, Brum DG, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Foss NT, Donadi EA (2011) Evaluation of serum levels of chemokines during interferon-β treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a 1-year, observational cohort study. CNS Drugs 25:971-981
38. Fischer FR, Santambrogio L, Luo Y, Berman MA, Hancock WW, Dorf ME (2000) Modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: effect of altered peptide ligand on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression. J Neuroimmunol 110:195-208
39. Hasegawa M, Asano Y, Endo H, Fujimoto M, Goto D, Ihn H, Inoue K, Ishikawa O, Kawaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Ogawa F, Takahashi H, Tanaka S, Sato S (2013) Takehara K (2013) Serum chemokine levels as prognostic markers in patients with early systemic sclerosis: a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Mod Rheumatol 23(6):1076-1084. doi:10.1007/s10165-012-0795-6. Epub 2012 Nov 23
40. Hertenstein A, Schumacher T, Litzenburger U, Opitz CA, Falk CS, Serafini T, Wick W, Platten M (2011) Suppression of human CD4+ T cell activation by 3,4-dimethoxycinnamonyl-anthranilic acid (tranilast) is mediated by CXCL9 and CXCL10. Biochem Pharmacol 82:632-641
41. Jenh C-H, Cox MA, Cui L, Reich E-P, Sullivan L, Chen S-C, Kinsley D, Qian S, Kim SH, Rosenblum S, Kozlowski J, Fine JS, Zavodny PJ, Lundell D (2012) A selective and potent CXCR3 antagonist SCH 546738 attenuates the development of autoimmune diseases and delays graft rejection. BMC Immunol 13:2-2
42. Kauffman MA, Yankilevich P, Barrero P, Bello R, Marangunich L, Vidal A, Criscuolo M, Diez RA, Sterin Prync A (2009) Whole genome analysis of the action of interferon-beta. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 47:328-357
43. Klein RS, Izikson L, Means T, Gibson HD, Lin E, Sobel RA, Weiner HL, Luster AD (2004) IFN-inducible protein 10/CXC chemokine ligand 10-independent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 172:550-559 (Pubitemid 38020512)
44. Korniejewska A, McKnight AJ, Johnson Z, Watson ML, Ward SG (2011) Expression and agonist responsiveness of CXCR3 variants in human T lymphocytes. Immunology 132:503-515
45. Krakauer M, Sorensen PS, Khademi M, Olsson T, Sellebjerg F (2006) Dynamic T-lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression induced by interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 64:155-163 (Pubitemid 44034320)
46. Lazzeri E, Romagnani P (2005) CXCR3-binding chemokines: novel multifunctional therapeutic targets. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 5:109-118 (Pubitemid 40394308)
47. Liu L, Callahan MK, Huang D, Ransohoff RM (2005) Chemokine receptor CXCR3: an unexpected enigma. Curr Top Dev Biol 68:149-181 (Pubitemid 43588858)
48. Liu L, Huang D, Matsui M, He TT, Hu T, Demartino J, Lu B, Gerard C, Ransohoff RM (2006) Severe disease, unaltered leukocyte migration, and reduced IFN-gamma production in CXCR3-/-mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 176:4399-4409 (Pubitemid 44264420)
49. Liu MT, Keirstead HS, Lane TE (2001) Neutralization of the chemokine CXCL10 reduces inflammatory cell invasion and demyelination and improves neurological function in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 167:4091-4097 (Pubitemid 32910857)
50. Mahad DJ, Howell SJL, Woodroofe MN (2002) Expression of chemokines in the CSF and correlation with clinical disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72:498-502
51. Mellergard J, Edstrom M, Vrethem M, Ernerudh J, Dahle C (2010) Natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis: marked decline of chemokines and cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid. Mult Scler 16:208-217
52. Morrell CN, Srivastava K, Swaim A, Lee MT, Chen J, Nagineni C, Hooks JJ, Detrick B (2011) Beta interferon suppresses the development of experimental cerebral malaria. Infect Immun 79:1750-1758
53. Muller M, Carter SL, Hofer MJ, Manders P, Getts DR, Getts MT, Dreykluft A, Lu B, Gerard C, King NJC, Campbell IL (2007) CXCR3 signaling reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by controlling the parenchymal distribution of effector and regulatory T cells in the central nervous system. J Immunol 179:2774-2786
54. Ondeykal JG, Herath KB, Jayasuriya H, Polishook JD, Bills GF, Dombrowski AW, Mojena M, Koch G, DiSalvo J, DeMartino J, Guan Z, Nanakorn W, Morenberg CM, Balick MJ, Stevenson DW, Slattery M, Borris RP, Singh SB (2005) Discovery of structurally diverse natural product antagonists of chemokine receptor CXCR3. Mol Divers 9:123-129 (Pubitemid 40394846)
55. Ospelt C, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Neidhart M, Michel BA, Gay RE, Laufer S, Gay S (2008) The dual inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase ML3000 decreases the expression of CXCR3 ligands. Ann Rheum Dis 67:524-529 (Pubitemid 351498435)
56. Salmaggi A, Gelati M, Dufour A, Corsini E, Pagano S, Baccalini R, Ferrero E, Scabini S, Silei V, Ciusani E, De Rossi M (2002) Expression and modulation of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines (IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC) in human brain endothelium and astrocytes: possible relevance for the immune invasion of the central nervous system and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 22:631-640 (Pubitemid 35034521)
57. Simpson JE, Newcombe J, Cuzner ML, Woodroofe MN (2000) Expression of the interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines IP-10 and Mig and their receptor, CXCR3, in multiple sclerosis lesions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 26:133-142 (Pubitemid 30251386)
58. Smit MJ, Verdijk P, van der Raaij-Helmer EM, Navis M, Hensbergen PJ, Leurs R, Tensen CP (2003) CXCR3-mediated chemotaxis of human T cells is regulated by a Gi- and phospholipase C-dependent pathway and not via activation of MEK/p44/p42 MAPK nor Akt/PI-3 kinase. Blood 102:1959-1965. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-12-3945 (Pubitemid 37122367)
59. Sorensen TL, Tani M, Jensen J, Pierce V, Lucchinetti C, Folcik VA, Qin S, Rottman J, Sellebjerg F, Strieter RM, Frederiksen JL, Ransohoff RM (1999) Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Invest 103:807-815 (Pubitemid 29152626)
60. Stanford MM, Issekutz TB (2003) The relative activity of CXCR3 and CCR5 ligands in T lymphocyte migration: concordant and disparate activities in vitro and in vivo. J Leukoc Biol 74:791-799 (Pubitemid 38040356)
61. Szczucinski A, Kalinowska A, Losy J (2007) CXCL11 (Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant) and interleukin-18 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with methylprednisolone. Eur Neurol 58:228-232 (Pubitemid 350175891)
62. Szczucinski A, Losy J (2007) Chemokines and chemokine receptors in multiple sclerosis. Potential targets for new therapies. Acta Neurol Scand 115:137-146 (Pubitemid 46219205)
63. Verzijl D, Storelli S, Scholten DJ, Bosch L, Reinhart TA, Streblow DN, Tensen CP, Fitzsimons CP, Zaman GJR, Pease JE, de Esch IJP, Smit MJ, Leurs R (2008) Noncompetitive antagonism and inverse agonism as mechanism of action of nonpeptidergic antagonists at primate and rodent CXCR3 chemokine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 325:544-555 (Pubitemid 351574793)
64. Xie JH, Nomura N, Lu M, Chen S-L, Koch GE, Weng Y, Rosa R, Di Salvo J, Mudgett J, Peterson LB, Wicker LS, DeMartino JA (2003) Antibody-mediated blockade of the CXCR3 chemokine receptor results in diminished recruitment of T helper 1 cells into sites of inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 73:771-780 (Pubitemid 38040456)
65. Zhu Y-N, Zhong X-G, Feng J-Q, Yang Y-F, Fu Y-F, Ni J, Liu Q-F, Tang W, Zhao W-M, Zuo J-P (2006) Periplocoside E inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by suppressing interleukin 12-dependent CCR5 expression and interferon-gamma-dependent CXCR3 expression in T lymphocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:1153-1162 (Pubitemid 44268321)
66. Rao JS, Kellom M, Kim H-W, Rapoport SI, Reese EA (2012) Neuroinflammation and synaptic loss. Neurochem Res 37:903-910. doi:10.1007/s11064-012-0708-2
67. Streit WJ (2010) Microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer 's disease: a critical examination of recent history. Front Aging Neurosci 2:22. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00022
68. Ramanan VK, Saykin AJ (2013) Pathways to neurodegeneration: mechanistic insights from GWAS in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and related disorders. Am J Neurodegenerative Dis 2:145-175. doi:10.1111/apt.12666
69. Boulanger LM, Huh GS, Shatz CJ (2001) Neuronal plasticity and cellular immunity: shared molecular mechanisms. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:568-578 (Pubitemid 32938288)
70. Graeber MB, Streit WJ, Kreutzberg GW (1988) Axotomy of the rat facial nerve leads to increased CR3 complement receptor expression by activated microglial cells. J Neurosci Res 21:18-24. doi:10.1002/jnr.490210104 (Pubitemid 19020947)
71. Stevens B, Allen NJ, Vazquez LE, Howell GR, Christopherson KS, Nouri N, Micheva KD, Mehalow AK, Huberman AD, Stafford B, Sher A, Litke AM, Lambris JD, Smith SJ, John SW, Barres BA (2007) The classical complement cascade mediates CNS synapse elimination. Cell 131:1164-1178. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 (Pubitemid 350235022)
72. Schafer DP, Lehrman EK, Kautzman AG, Koyama R, Mardinly AR, Yamasaki R, Ransohoff RM, Greenberg ME, Barres BA, Stevens B (2012) Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner. Neuron 74:691-705. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026
73. Bialas AR, Stevens B (2013) TGF-beta signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement. Nat Neurosci 16:1773-1782. doi:10.1038/nn.3560
74. Zabel MK, Kirsch WM (2013) From development to dysfunction: microglia and the complement cascade in CNS homeostasis. Ageing Res Rev 12:749-756. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2013.02.001
75. Zhang J, Malik A, Choi HB, Ko RW, Dissing-Olesen L, MacVicar BA (2014) Microglial CR3 activation triggers long-term synaptic depression in the hippocampus via NADPH oxidase. Neuron 82:195-207. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01. 043
76. Graeber MB (2010) Changing face of microglia. Science 330:783-788. doi:10.1126/science.1190929
77. Graeber MB, Streit WJ (1990) Microglia: immune network in the CNS. Brain Pathol 1:2-5
78. Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Stutz A, Delekate A, Schwartz S, Vieira-Saecker A, Griep A, Axt D, Remus A, Tzeng TC, Gelpi E, Halle A, Korte M, Latz E, Golenbock DT (2013) NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice. Nature 493:674-678. doi:10.1038/nature11729
79. Inoue Y, Shirasuna K, Kimura H, Usui F, Kawashima A, Karasawa T, Tago K, Dezaki K, Nishimura S, Sagara J, Noda T, Iwakura Y, Tsutsui H, Taniguchi S, Yanagisawa K, Yada T, Yasuda Y, Takahashi M (2014) NLRP3 regulates neutrophil functions and contributes to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury independently of inflammasomes. J Immunol (Baltimore, Md : 1950) 192:4342-4351. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302039
80. Gijsbers K, Van Assche G, Joossens S, Struyf S, Proost P, Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Van Damme J (2004) CXCR1-binding chemokines in inflammatory bowel diseases: down-regulated IL-8/CXCL8 production by leukocytes in Crohn's disease and selective GCP-2/CXCL6 expression in inflamed intestinal tissue. Eur J Immunol 34:1992-2000 (Pubitemid 39256080)
81. Hosomi S, Oshitani N, Kamata N, Sogawa M, Okazaki H, Tanigawa T, Yamagami H, Watanabe K, Tominaga K, Watanabe T, Fujiwara Y, Maeda K, Hirakawa K, Arakawa T (2011) Increased numbers of immature plasma cells in peripheral blood specifically overexpress chemokine receptor CXCR3 and CXCR4 in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 163:215-224
82. Savarin-Vuaillat C, Ransohoff RM(2007) Chemokines and chemokine receptors in neurological disease: raise, retain, or reduce? Neurotherapeutics 4:590-601 (Pubitemid 47499286)
83. De Simone R, Giampaolo A, Giometto B, Gallo P, Levi G, Peschle C, Aloisi F (1995) The costimulatory molecule B7 is expressed on human microglia in culture and in multiple sclerosis acute lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54:175-187
84. McGeer EG, McGeer PL (2003) Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27:741-749. doi:10.1016/S0278-5846(03)00124-6 (Pubitemid 36966754)
85. O'Callaghan JP, Sriram K, Miller DB (2008) Defining " Neuroinflammation". Ann N Y Acad Sci 1139:318-330. doi:10.1196/annals.1432. 032
86. Hirsch EC, Hunot S (2009) Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a target for neuroprotection? Lancet Neurol 8:382-397. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09) 70062-6
87. Fillman SG, Cloonan N, Catts VS, Miller LC, Wong J, McCrossin T, Cairns M, Weickert CS (2013) Increased inflammatory markers identified in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 18:206-214. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.110
88. Van Parijs L, Abbas AK (1998) Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off. Science 280:243-248 (Pubitemid 28178061)
89. Goodnow CC, Crosbie J, Adelstein S, Lavoie TB, Smith-Gill SJ, Brink RA, Pritchard-Briscoe H, Wotherspoon JS, Loblay RH, Raphael K (1988) Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice. Nature 334:676-682. doi:10.1038/334676a0
90. Ferguson LR, Browning BL, Huebner C, Petermann I, Shelling AN, Demmers P, McCulloch A, Gearry RB, Barclay ML, Philpott M (2008) Single nucleotide polymorphisms in human Paneth cell defensin A5 may confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a New Zealand Caucasian population. Dig Liver Dis 40:723-730
91. Streit WJ, Xue QS, Braak H, del Tredici K (2014) Presence of severe neuroinflammation does not intensify neurofibrillary degeneration in human brain. Glia 62:96-105. doi:10.1002/glia.22589
92. Graeber MB (1999) Genetics of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease. Neurogenetics 2:135-136
93. Gislason GH, Rasmussen JN, Abildstrom SZ, Schramm TK, Hansen ML, Fosbol EL, Sorensen R, Folke F, Buch P, Gadsboll N, Rasmussen S, Poulsen HE, Kober L, Madsen M, Torp-Pedersen C (2009) Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic heart failure. Arch Intern Med 169:141-149. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.525
94. Beeri MS, Schmeidler J, Lesser GT, Maroukian M, West R, Leung S, Wysocki M, Perl DP, Purohit DP, Haroutunian V (2012) Corticosteroids, but not NSAIDs, are associated with less Alzheimer neuropathology. Neurobiol Aging 33:1258-1264. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.011
95. Reines SA, Block GA, Morris JC, Liu G, Nessly ML, Lines CR, Norman BA, Baranak CC, Rofecoxib Protocol 091 Study G (2004) Rofecoxib: no effect on Alzheimer's disease in a 1-year, randomized, blinded, controlled study. Neurology 62:66-71 (Pubitemid 38082872)
96. Aisen PS, Schafer KA, Grundman M, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, Davis KL, Farlow MR, Jin S, Thomas RG, Thal LJ, S Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative (2003) Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 289:2819-2826. doi:10.1001/jama.289.21.2819 (Pubitemid 37430117)
97. Aisen PS (2002) The potential of anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 1:279-284
98. Zheng B, Liao Z, Locascio JJ, Lesniak KA, Roderick SS, Watt ML, Eklund AC, Zhang-James Y, Kim PD, Hauser MA, Grunblatt E, Moran LB, Mandel SA, Riederer P, Miller RM, Federoff HJ, Wullner U, Papapetropoulos S, Youdim MB, Cantuti-Castelvetri I, Young AB, Vance JM, Davis RL, Hedreen JC, Adler CH, Beach TG, Graeber MB, Middleton FA, Rochet JC, Scherzer CR (2010) PGC-1alpha, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2:52ra-73ra. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001059
99. Zhang Y, James M, Middleton FA, Davis RL (2005) Transcriptional analysis ofmultiple brain regions in Parkinson's disease supports the involvement of specific protein processing, energy metabolism, and signaling pathways, and suggests novel disease mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 137B:5-16. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30195 (Pubitemid 41076605)
100. Blalock EM, Geddes JW, Chen KC, Porter NM, Markesbery WR, Landfield PW (2004) Incipient Alzheimer's disease: microarray correlation analyses reveal major transcriptional and tumor suppressor responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:2173-2178. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308512100 (Pubitemid 38229034)
101. Liang WS, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Mastroeni D, Walker DG, Caselli RJ, Kukull WA, McKeel D, Morris JC, Hulette C, Schmechel D, Alexander GE, Reiman EM, Rogers J, Stephan DA (2007) Gene expression profiles in anatomically and functionally distinct regions of the normal aged human brain. Physiol Genomics 28:311-322. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00208.2006 (Pubitemid 46708771)
102. Liang WS, Reiman EM, Valla J, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Niedzielko TL, Schneider LE, Mastroeni D, Caselli R, Kukull W, Morris JC, Hulette CM, Schmechel D, Rogers J, Stephan DA (2008) Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes in posterior cingulate neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:4441-4446. doi:10.1073/pnas.0709259105 (Pubitemid 351754399)
103. Han MH, Lundgren DH, Jaiswal S, Chao M, Graham KL, Garris CS, Axtell RC, Ho PP, Lock CB, Woodard JI, Brownell SE, Zoudilova M, Hunt JF, Baranzini SE, Butcher EC, Raine CS, Sobel RA, Han DK, Weissman I, Steinman L (2012) Janus-like opposing roles of CD47 in autoimmune brain inflammation in humans and mice. J Exp Med 209:1325-1334. doi:10.1084/jem.20101974
104. Narayan S, Tang B, Head SR, Gilmartin TJ, Sutcliffe JG, Dean B, Thomas EA (2008)Molecular profiles of schizophrenia in the CNS at different stages of illness. Brain Res 1239:235-248. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.08.023
105. Galamb O, Spisak S, Sipos F, Toth K, Solymosi N, Wichmann B, Krenacs T, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Molnar B (2010) Reversal of gene expression changes in the colorectal normal-adenoma pathway by NS398 selective COX2 inhibitor. Br J Cancer 102:765-773. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605515
106. Gyorffy B, Molnar B, Lage H, Szallasi Z, Eklund AC (2009) Evaluation of microarray preprocessing algorithms based on concordance with RT-PCR in clinical samples. PLoS One 4:e5645. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005645
107. Chen YW, Shi R, Geraci N, Shrestha S, Gordish-Dressman H, Pachman LM (2008) Duration of chronic inflammation alters gene expression in muscle from untreated girls with juvenile dermatomyositis. BMC Immunol 9:43. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-43
108. Olsen J, Gerds TA, Seidelin JB, Csillag C, Bjerrum JT, Troelsen JT, Nielsen OH (2009) Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis before onset of inflammation by multivariate modeling of genome-wide gene expression data. Inflamm Bowel Dis 15:1032-1038. doi:10.1002/ibd.20879