A review on the wettability of dental implant surfaces II: Biological and clinical aspects

Acta Biomaterialia

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 2907-2918

  Gittens, Rolando A ^a   Scheideler, Lutz ^b   Rupp, Frank ^b   Hyzy, Sharon L ^c   Geis Gerstorfer, Jürgen ^b   Schwartz, Zvi ^c,d   Boyan, Barbara D ^c  

^a INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Y SERVICIOS DE ALTA TECNOLOGÍA   (Panama)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c Virginia Commonwealth University   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

Author keywords

Hydrophilicity; Osseointegration; Surface conditioning; Surface energy; Titanium implant roughness

Indexed keywords

DENTAL PROSTHESES; SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY; TITANIUM; WETTING;

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS; CLINICAL ASPECTS; CLINICAL STUDY; IMPLANT SURFACE; IN-VITRO; OSSEOINTEGRATION; SURFACE CONDITIONING; SURFACE WETTABILITY; TITANIA IMPLANT ROUGHNESS; TITANIUM IMPLANTS;

METAL IMPLANTS;

BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; CELL INTERACTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTACT ANGLE; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); HUMAN; HYDROPHILICITY; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; METAL IMPLANTATION; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOFT TISSUE; SURFACE PROPERTY; TISSUE INTERACTION; TOOTH IMPLANT; WETTABILITY; CHEMICAL PHENOMENA;

TOOTH IMPLANT;

DENTAL IMPLANTS; HUMANS; HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC INTERACTIONS; SURFACE PROPERTIES; WETTABILITY;

EID: 84901776010     PISSN: 17427061     EISSN: 18787568     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.032     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. I.K. Karoussis, U. Bragger, G.E. Salvi, W. Burgin, and N.P. Lang Effect of implant design on survival and success rates of titanium oral implants: a 10-year prospective cohort study of the ITI Dental Implant System Clin Oral Implants Res 15 2004 8 17
2. T. Albrektsson, G. Zarb, P. Worthington, and A.R. Eriksson The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1 1986 11 25
3. C. Fransson, J. Wennstrom, and T. Berglundh Clinical characteristics at implants with a history of progressive bone loss Clin Oral Implants Res 19 2008 142 147
4. J.J. Jacobs, G.B.J. Andersson, J.E. Bell, S.L. Weinstein, J.P. Dormans, and S.M. Gnatz et al. United States bone and joint decade: the burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the United States 2008 AAOS Rosemont, IL
5. Z. Schwartz, and B.D. Boyan Underlying mechanisms at the bone-biomaterial interface J Cell Biochem 56 1994 340 347
6. D.A. Puleo, and A. Nanci Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface Biomaterials 20 1999 2311 2321
7. R.A. Gittens, R. Olivares-Navarrete, A. Cheng, D.M. Anderson, T. McLachlan, and I. Stephan et al. The roles of titanium surface micro/nanotopography and wettability on the differential response of human osteoblast lineage cells Acta Biomater 9 2013 6268 6277
8. 2 treatment and its effects on osteoblast-specific gene expression of hMSCs J Biomed Mater Res A 94A 2010 169 179
9. 2 nanonodular structures in a micro-to-nanoscale hierarchy model Biomaterials 30 2009 5319 5329
10. V.C. Mendes, R. Moineddin, and J.E. Davies Discrete calcium phosphate nanocrystalline deposition enhances osteoconduction on titanium-based implant surfaces J Biomed Mater Res A 90 2009 577 585
11. N.P. Lang, G.E. Salvi, G. Huynh-Ba, S. Ivanovski, N. Donos, and D.D. Bosshardt Early osseointegration to hydrophilic and hydrophobic implant surfaces in humans Clin Oral Implants Res 22 2011 349 356
12. H.M. Grandin, S. Berner, and M. Dard A review of titanium zirconium (TiZr) alloys for use in endosseous dental implants Materials 5 2012 1348 1360
13. H.J. Rack, and J.I. Qazi Titanium alloys for biomedical applications Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 26 2006 1269 1277
14. D. Landolt Corrosion and surface chemistry of metals 2007 EPFL Press Lausanne
15. Y.T. Sul, C. Johansson, P. Wennerberg, L.R. Cho, B.S. Chang, and P. Albrektsson Optimum surface properties of oxidized implants for reinforcement of osseointegration: surface chemistry, oxide thickness, porosity, roughness, and crystal structure Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 20 2005 349 359
16. A. Bigi, G. Cojazzi, S. Panzavolta, A. Ripamonti, N. Roveri, and M. Romanello et al. Chemical and structural characterization of the mineral phase from cortical and trabecular bone J Inorg Biochem 68 1997 45 51
17. A. Wennerberg, and T. Albrektsson Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review Clin Oral Implants Res 20 2009 172 184
18. S.L. Teitelbaum Bone resorption by osteoclasts Science 289 2000 1504 1508
19. M.T.K. Mulari, Q. Qu, P.L. Harkonen, and H.K. Vaananen Osteoblast-like cells complete osteoclastic bone resorption and form new mineralized bone matrix in vitro Calcif Tissue Int 75 2004 253 261
20. B.D. Boyan, Z. Schwartz, C.H. Lohmann, V.L. Sylvia, D.L. Cochran, and D.D. Dean et al. Pretreatment of bone with osteoclasts affects phenotypic expression of osteoblast-like cells J Orthop Res 21 2003 638 647
21. J.E. Davies Bone bonding at natural and biomaterial surfaces Biomaterials 28 2007 5058 5067
22. R.A. Gittens, R. Olivares-Navarrete, T. McLachlan, Y. Cai, S.L. Hyzy, and J.M. Schneider et al. Differential responses of osteoblast lineage cells to nanotopographically-modified, microroughened titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy surfaces Biomaterials 33 2012 8986 8994
23. A. Wennerberg, L.M. Svanborg, S. Berner, and M. Andersson Spontaneously formed nanostructures on titanium surfaces Clin Oral Implants Res 24 2013 203 209
24. C. Sittig, M. Textor, N.D. Spencer, M. Wieland, and P.H. Vallotton Surface characterization of implant materials cp Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V with different pretreatments J Mater Sci Mater Med 10 1999 35 46
25. C. Massaro, P. Rotolo, F. De Riccardis, E. Milella, A. Napoli, and M. Wieland et al. Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants. Part I. Chemical composition J Mater Sci Mater Med 13 2002 535 548
26. L. Le Guehennec, A. Soueidan, P. Layrolle, and Y. Amouriq Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration Dent Mater 23 2007 844 854
27. F. Rupp, L. Scheideler, M. Eichler, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer Wetting behavior of dental implants Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 26 2011 1256 1266
28. C. Eriksson, H. Nygren, and K. Ohlson Implantation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic titanium discs in rat tibia: cellular reactions on the surfaces during the first 3 weeks in bone Biomaterials 25 2004 4759 4766
29. M.M. Bornstein, P. Valderrama, A.A. Jones, T.G. Wilson, R. Seibl, and D.L. Cochran Bone apposition around two different sandblasted and acid-etched titanium implant surfaces: a histomorphometric study in canine mandibles Clin Oral Implants Res 19 2008 233 241
30. S.B. Kennedy, N.R. Washburn, C.G. Simon Jr., and E.J. Amis Combinatorial screen of the effect of surface energy on fibronectin-mediated osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation Biomaterials 27 2006 3817 3824
31. Q. Qiu, M. Sayer, M. Kawaja, X. Shen, and J.E. Davies Attachment, morphology, and protein expression of rat marrow stromal cells cultured on charged substrate surfaces J Biomed Mater Res 42 1998 117 127
32. A. Palmquist, H. Engqvist, J. Lausmaa, and P. Thomsen Commercially available dental implants: review of their surface characteristics J Biomater Tissue Eng 2 2012 112 124
33. D.V. Kilpadi, and J.E. Lemons Surface energy characterization of unalloyed titanium implants J Biomed Mater Res 28 1994 1419 1425
34. D. Kohavi, H.L. Badihi, G. Rosen, D. Steinberg, and M.N. Sela Wettability versus electrostatic forces in fibronectin and albumin adsorption to titanium surfaces Clin Oral Implants Res 24 2013 1002 1008
35. F. Rupp, L. Scheideler, D. Rehbein, D. Axmann, and J. Gels-Gerstorfer Roughness induced dynamic changes of wettability of acid etched titanium implant modifications Biomaterials 25 2004 1429 1438
36. K.L. Mittal, and R.J. Good Contact angle, wettability and adhesion: festschrift in honor of professor Robert J. Good 1993 VSP Utrecht, The Netherlands
37. R. Junker, A. Dimakis, M. Thoneick, and J.A. Jansen Effects of implant surface coatings and composition on bone integration: a systematic review Clin Oral Implants Res 20 Suppl 4 2009 185 206
38. N. Sykaras, A.M. Iacopino, V.A. Marker, R.G. Triplett, and R.D. Woody Implant materials, designs, and surface topographies: their effect on osseointegration. A literature review Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 15 2000 675 690
39. Z. Schwartz, P. Raz, G. Zhao, Y. Barak, M. Tauber, and H. Yao et al. Effect of micrometer-scale roughness of the surface of Ti6Al4V pedicle screws in vitro and in vivo J Bone Joint Surg Am 90A 2008 2485 2498
40. F. Schwarz, M. Wieland, Z. Schwartz, G. Zhao, F. Rupp, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer et al. Potential of chemically modified hydrophilic surface characteristics to support tissue integration of titanium dental implants J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 88B 2009 544 557
41. A. Wennerberg, S. Galli, and T. Albrektsson Current knowledge about the hydrophilic and nanostructured SLActive surface Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 3 2011 59 67
42. D. Buser, N. Broggini, M. Wieland, R.K. Schenk, A.J. Denzer, and D.L. Cochran et al. Enhanced bone apposition to a chemically modified SLA titanium surface J Dent Res 83 2004 529 533
43. F. Rupp, L. Scheideler, N. Olshanska, M. deWild, M. Wieland, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer Enhancing surface free energy and hydrophilicity through chemical modification of microstructured titanium implant surfaces J Biomed Mater Res A 76A 2006 323 334
44. G. Zhao, Z. Schwartz, M. Wieland, F. Rupp, J. Geis-Gerstorfer, and D.L. Cochran et al. High surface energy enhances cell response to titanium substrate microstructure J Biomed Mater Res 74A 2005 49 58
45. J.H. Park, C.E. Wasilewski, N. Almodovar, R. Olivares-Navarrete, B.D. Boyan, and R. Tannenbaum et al. The responses to surface wettability gradients induced by chitosan nanofilms on microtextured titanium mediated by specific integrin receptors Biomaterials 33 2012 7386 7393
46. S.J. Marshall, S.C. Bayne, R. Baier, A.P. Tomsia, and G.W. Marshall A review of adhesion science Dent Mater 26 2010 E11 E16
47. F. Rupp, M. Haupt, H. Klostermann, H.S. Kim, M. Eichler, and A. Peetsch et al. Multifunctional nature of UV-irradiated nanocrystalline anatase thin films for biomedical applications Acta Biomater 6 2010 4566 4577
48. S. Zinelis, N. Silikas, A. Thomas, K. Syres, and G. Eliades Surface characterization of SLActive dental implants Eur J Esthet Dent 7 2012 72 92
49. A. Wennerberg, and T. Albrektsson On implant surfaces: a review of current knowledge and opinions Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 25 2010 63 74
50. A. Wennerberg, R. Jimbo, S. Stübinger, M. Obrecht, M. Dard, and S. Berner Nanostructures and hydrophilicity influence osseointegration: a biomechanical study in the rabbit tibia Clin Oral Implants Res 2013 10.1111/clr.12213
51. R.E. Baier, A.E. Meyer, J.R. Natiella, R.R. Natiella, and J.M. Carter Surface properties determine bioadhesive outcomes: methods and results J Biomed Mater Res 18 1984 337 355
52. J.H. Park, R. Olivares-Navarrete, R.E. Baier, A.E. Meyer, R. Tannenbaum, and B.D. Boyan et al. Effect of cleaning and sterilization on titanium implant surface properties and cellular response Acta Biomater 8 2012 1966 1975
53. K. Duske, I. Koban, E. Kindel, K. Schroder, B. Nebe, and B. Holtfreter et al. Atmospheric plasma enhances wettability and cell spreading on dental implant metals J Clin Periodontol 39 2012 400 407
54. F. Rupp, D. Axmann, C. Ziegler, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer Adsorption/desorption phenomena on pure and Teflon((R)) AF-coated titania surfaces studied by dynamic contact angle analysis J Biomed Mater Res 62 2002 567 578
55. D. Scharnweber, F. Schlottig, S. Oswald, K. Becker, and H. Worch How is wettability of titanium surfaces influenced by their preparation and storage conditions? J Mater Sci Mater Med 21 2010 525 532
56. A. Fujishima, and K. Honda Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode Nature 238 1972 37 38
57. A. Fujishima, T.N. Rao, and D.A. Tryk Titanium dioxide photocatalysis J Photochem Photobiol C Photochem Rev 1 2000 1 21
58. 2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena Surf Sci Rep 63 2008 515 582
59. 2 photocatalysis: a historical overview and future prospects Jpn J Appl Phys Part 1 44 2005 8269 8285
60. R. Wang, K. Hashimoto, A. Fujishima, M. Chikuni, E. Kojima, and A. Kitamura et al. Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces Nature 388 1997 431 432
61. H. Aita, N. Hori, M. Takeuchi, T. Suzuki, M. Yamada, and M. Anpo et al. The effect of ultraviolet functionalization of titanium on integration with bone Biomaterials 30 2009 1015 1025
62. T. Sawase, R. Jimbo, A. Wennerberg, N. Suketa, Y. Tanaka, and M. Atsuta A novel characteristic of porous titanium oxide implants Clin Oral Implants Res 18 2007 680 685
63. F. Rupp, M. Haupt, M. Eichler, C. Doering, H. Klostermann, and L. Scheideler et al. Formation and photocatalytic decomposition of a pellicle on anatase surfaces J Dent Res 91 2012 104 109
64. A.M. Gallardo-Moreno, M.A. Pacha-Olivenza, M.C. Fernandez-Calderon, C. Perez-Giraldo, J.M. Bruque, and M.L. Gonzalez-Martin Bactericidal behaviour of Ti6Al4V surfaces after exposure to UV-C light Biomaterials 31 2010 5159 5168
65. J.H. Park, Z. Schwartz, R. Olivares-Navarrete, B.D. Boyan, and R. Tannenbaum Enhancement of surface wettability via the modification of microtextured titanium implant surfaces with polyelectrolytes Langmuir 27 2011 5976 5985
66. L. Jonasova, F.A. Muller, A. Helebrant, J. Strnad, and P. Greil Biomimetic apatite formation on chemically treated titanium Biomaterials 25 2004 1187 1194
67. C. von Wilmowsky, L. Muller, R. Lutz, U. Lohbauer, F. Rupp, and F.W. Neukam et al. Osseointegration of chemically modified titanium surfaces: an in vivo study Adv Eng Mater 10 2008 B61 B66
68. E.A. Vogler Protein adsorption in three dimensions Biomaterials 33 2012 1201 1237
69. C.J. Wilson, R.E. Clegg, D.I. Leavesley, and M.J. Pearcy Mediation of biomaterial-cell interactions by adsorbed proteins: a review Tissue Eng 11 2005 1 18
70. J.D. Andrade, and V. Hlady Protein adsorption and materials biocompatibility - a tutorial review and suggested hypotheses Adv Polym Sci 79 1986 1 63
71. H.T. Spijker, R. Graaff, P.W. Boonstra, H.J. Busscher, and W. van Oeveren On the influence of flow conditions and wettability on blood material interactions Biomaterials 24 2003 4717 4727
72. B.G. Keselowsky, A.W. Bridges, K.L. Burns, C.C. Tate, J.E. Babensee, and M.C. LaPlaca et al. Role of plasma fibronectin in the foreign body response to biomaterials Biomaterials 28 2007 3626 3631
73. C. Eriksson, and H. Nygren Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in coagulating whole blood recognize hydrophilic and hydrophobic titanium surfaces by different adhesion receptors and show different patterns of receptor expression J Lab Clin Med 137 2001 296 302
74. P.M. Kou, Z. Schwartz, B.D. Boyan, and J.E. Babensee Dendritic cell responses to surface properties of clinical titanium surfaces Acta Biomater 7 2011 1354 1363
75. R.M. Salasznyk, W.A. Williams, A. Boskey, A. Batorsky, and G.E. Plopper Adhesion to vitronectin and collagen I promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells J Biomed Biotechnol 2004 2004 24 34
76. L. Scheideler, F. Rupp, M. Wieland, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer Storage conditions of titanium implants influence molecular and cellular interactions J Dent Res 84 Spec Iss A 2005 [Abstract No. 0870]
77. Q.L. Huang, L.X. Lin, Y. Yang, R. Hu, E.A. Vogler, and C.J. Lin Role of trapped air in the formation of cell-and-protein micropatterns on superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic microtemplated surfaces Biomaterials 33 2012 8213 8220
78. S.D. Puckett, P.P. Lee, D.M. Ciombor, R.K. Aaron, and T.J. Webster Nanotextured titanium surfaces for enhancing skin growth on transcutaneous osseointegrated devices Acta Biomater 6 2010 2352 2362
79. L. Scheideler, F. Rupp, D. Heigert, M. de Wild, M. Wieland, and J. Geis-Gerstorfer Influence of roughness and wettability of titanium implants on keratinocytes J Dent Res 86 Spec Iss A 2007 [Abstract No. 1301]
80. H. Brogren, L. Karlsson, M. Andersson, L. Wang, D. Erlinge, and S. Jern Platelets synthesize large amounts of active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 Blood 104 2004 3943 3948
81. S. Neuss, R.K. Schneider, L. Tietze, R. Knuchel, and W. Jahnen-Dechent Secretion of fibrinolytic enzymes facilitates human mesenchymal stem cell invasion into fibrin clots Cells Tissues Organs 191 2010 36 46
82. J.E. Davies In vitro modeling of the bone/implant interface Anat Rec 245 1996 426 445
83. M.J. Dalby, N. Gadegaard, R. Tare, A. Andar, M.O. Riehle, and P. Herzyk et al. The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder Nat Mater 6 2007 997 1003
84. R. Jimbo, T. Sawase, K. Baba, T. Kurogi, Y. Shibata, and M. Atsuta Enhanced initial cell responses to chemically modified anodized titanium Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 10 2008 55 61
85. T. Sawase, R. Jimbo, K. Baba, Y. Shibata, T. Ikeda, and M. Atsuta Photo-induced hydrophilicity enhances initial cell behavior and early bone apposition Clin Oral Implants Res 19 2008 491 496
86. R. Olivares-Navarrete, S.L. Hyzy, D.L. Hutton, C.P. Erdman, M. Wieland, and B.D. Boyan et al. Direct and indirect effects of microstructured titanium substrates on the induction of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards the osteoblast lineage Biomaterials 31 2010 2728 2735
87. H. Aita, W. Att, T. Ueno, M. Yamada, N. Hori, and F. Iwasa et al. Ultraviolet light-mediated photofunctionalization of titanium to promote human mesenchymal stem cell migration, attachment, proliferation and differentiation Acta Biomater 5 2009 3247 3257
88. J.Y. Lim, A.F. Taylor, Z. Li, E.A. Vogler, and H.J. Donahue Integrin expression and osteopontin regulation in human fetal osteoblastic cells mediated by substratum surface characteristics Tissue Eng 11 2005 19 29
89. J.Y. Lim, M.C. Shaughnessy, Z. Zhou, H. Noh, E.A. Vogler, and H.J. Donahue Surface energy effects on osteoblast spatial growth and mineralization Biomaterials 29 2008 1776 1784
90. G. Zhao, A.L. Raines, M. Wieland, Z. Schwartz, and B.D. Boyan Requirement for both micron- and submicron scale structure for synergistic responses of osteoblasts to substrate surface energy and topography Biomaterials 28 2007 2821 2829
91. N. An, X. Rausch-fan, M. Wieland, M. Matejka, O. Andrukhov, and A. Schedle Initial attachment, subsequent cell proliferation/viability and gene expression of epithelial cells related to attachment and wound healing in response to different titanium surfaces Dent Mater 28 2012 1207 1214
92. R.B. Presland, and B.A. Dale Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: function in health and disease Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11 2000 383 408
93. S.V. Nolte, W. Xu, H.O. Rennekampff, and H.P. Rodemann Diversity of fibroblasts - a review on implications for skin tissue engineering Cells Tissues Organs 187 2008 165 176
94. E. Rompen, O. Domken, M. Degidi, A.E. Pontes, and A. Piattelli The effect of material characteristics, of surface topography and of implant components and connections on soft tissue integration: a literature review Clin Oral Implants Res 17 Suppl 2 2006 55 67
95. M. Quirynen, M. De Soete, and D. van Steenberghe Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature Clin Oral Implants Res 13 2002 1 19
96. Y. Kimura, K. Matsuzaka, M. Yoshinari, and T. Inoue Initial attachment of human oral keratinocytes cultured on zirconia or titanium Dent Mater J 31 2012 346 353
97. B. Groessner-Schreiber, A. Neubert, W.D. Muller, M. Hopp, M. Griepentrog, and K.P. Lange Fibroblast growth on surface-modified dental implants: an in vitro study J Biomed Mater Res A 64 2003 591 599
98. E.T. den Braber, H.V. Jansen, M.J. de Boer, H.J. Croes, M. Elwenspoek, and L.A. Ginsel et al. Scanning electron microscopic, transmission electron microscopic, and confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of fibroblasts cultured on microgrooved surfaces of bulk titanium substrata J Biomed Mater Res 40 1998 425 433
99. C.R. Arciola, D. Campoccia, P. Speziale, L. Montanaro, and J.W. Costerton Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. A review of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materials Biomaterials 33 2012 5967 5982
100. R.O. Darouiche Treatment of infections associated with surgical implants N Engl J Med 350 2004 1422 1429
101. A.D. Pye, D.E. Lockhart, M.P. Dawson, C.A. Murray, and A.J. Smith A review of dental implants and infection J Hosp Infect 72 2009 104 110
102. P.A. Norowski Jr., and J.D. Bumgardner Biomaterial and antibiotic strategies for peri-implantitis: a review J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 88 2009 530 543
103. S.W. Kerrigan, and D. Cox Platelet-bacterial interactions Cell Mol Life Sci 67 2010 513 523
104. M.L. Knetsch, and L.H. Koole New strategies in the development of antimicrobial coatings: the example of increasing usage of silver and silver nanoparticles Polymers 3 2011 340 366
105. M. Eichler, V. Katzur, L. Scheideler, M. Haupt, J. Geis-Gerstorfer, and G. Schmalz et al. The impact of dendrimer-grafted modifications to model silicon surfaces on protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion Biomaterials 32 2011 9168 9179
106. R. Muller, A. Eidt, K.A. Hiller, V. Katzur, M. Subat, and H. Schweikl et al. Influences of protein films on antibacterial or bacteria-repellent surface coatings in a model system using silicon wafers Biomaterials 30 2009 4921 4929
107. A. Roosjen, W. Norde, H.C. van der Mei, and H.J. Busscher The use of positively charged or low surface free energy coatings versus polymer brushes in controlling biofilm formation Prog Colloid Polym Sci 132 2006 138 144
108. G.H. Hsiue, S.D. Lee, P.C. Chang, and C.Y. Kao Surface characterization and biological properties study of silicone rubber membrane grafted with phospholipid as biomaterial via plasma induced graft copolymerization J Biomed Mater Res 42 1998 134 147
109. K. Vasilev, V.R. Sah, R.V. Goreham, C. Ndi, R.D. Short, and H.J. Griesser Antibacterial surfaces by adsorptive binding of polyvinyl-sulphonate-stabilized silver nanoparticles Nanotechnology 21 2010 215102
110. Y.H. An, and R.J. Friedman Concise review of mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces J Biomed Mater Res 43 1998 338 348
111. D.R. Drake, J. Paul, and J.C. Keller Primary bacterial colonization of implant surfaces Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14 1999 226 232
112. M. Quirynen, and C.M. Bollen The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supra- and subgingival plaque formation in man. A review of the literature J Clin Periodontol 22 1995 1 14
113. C.M. Bollen, P. Lambrechts, and M. Quirynen Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: a review of the literature Dent Mater 13 1997 258 269
114. Y. Liu, and Q. Zhao Influence of surface energy of modified surfaces on bacterial adhesion Biophys Chem 117 2005 39 45
115. R.J. Doyle Contribution of the hydrophobic effect to microbial infection Microb Infect 2 2000 391 400
116. R. Oliveira, J. Azeredo, P. Teixeira, and A.P. Fonseca The role of hydrophobicity in bacterial adhesion P. Gilbert, D. Allison, M. Brading, J. Verran, J. Walker, Biofilm community interactions: chance or necessity? 2001 Bioline Cardiff 11 22
117. M. Quirynen, M. Marechal, H.J. Busscher, A.H. Weerkamp, P.L. Darius, and D. van Steenberghe The influence of surface free energy and surface roughness on early plaque formation. An in vivo study in man J Clin Periodontol 17 1990 138 144
118. G.M. Bruinsma, H.C. van der Mei, and H.J. Busscher Bacterial adhesion to surface hydrophilic and hydrophobic contact lenses Biomaterials 22 2001 3217 3224
119. E.E. MacKintosh, J.D. Patel, R.E. Marchant, and J.M. Anderson Effects of biomaterial surface chemistry on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro J Biomed Mater Res A 78 2006 836 842
120. B.G. Keselowsky, D.M. Collard, and A.J. Garcia Surface chemistry modulates fibronectin conformation and directs integrin binding and specificity to control cell adhesion J Biomed Mater Res A 66A 2003 247 259
121. Y. Hirakawa, R. Jimbo, Y. Shibata, I. Watanabe, A. Wennerberg, and T. Sawase Accelerated bone formation on photo-induced hydrophilic titanium implants: an experimental study in the dog mandible Clin Oral Implants Res 24 2013 139 144
122. C.N. Elias, Y. Oshida, J.H. Lima, and C.A. Muller Relationship between surface properties (roughness, wettability and morphology) of titanium and dental implant removal torque J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 1 2008 234 242
123. R. Olivares-Navarrete, A.L. Raines, S.L. Hyzy, J.H. Park, D.L. Hutton, and D.L. Cochran et al. Osteoblast maturation and new bone formation in response to titanium implant surface features are reduced with age J Bone Miner Res 27 2012 1773 1783
124. J. Strnad, K. Urban, C. Povysil, and Z. Strnad Secondary stability assessment of titanium implants with an alkali-etched surface: a resonance frequency analysis study in beagle dogs Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 23 2008 502 512
125. C. Vasak, D. Busenlechner, U.Y. Schwarze, H.F. Leitner, F. Munoz Guzon, and T. Hefti et al. Early bone apposition to hydrophilic and hydrophobic titanium implant surfaces: a histologic and histomorphometric study in minipigs Clin Oral Implants Res 2013 10.1111/clr.12277
126. F. Schwarz, D. Ferrari, M. Herten, I. Mihatovic, M. Wieland, and M. Sager et al. Effects of surface hydrophilicity and microtopography on early stages of soft and hard tissue integration at non-submerged titanium implants: an immunohistochemical study in dogs J Periodontol 78 2007 2171 2184
127. D. Morton, M.M. Bornstein, J.G. Wittneben, W.C. Martin, J.D. Ruskin, and C.N. Hart et al. Early loading after 21 days of healing of nonsubmerged titanium implants with a chemically modified sandblasted and acid-etched surface: two-year results of a prospective two-center study Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 12 2010 9 17
128. W. Degasperi, P. Andersson, D. Verrocchi, and L. Sennerby One-year clinical and radiographic results with a novel hydrophilic titanium dental implant Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012 10.1111/cid.12022
129. T. Zumstein, C. Billstrom, and L. Sennerby A 4- to 5-year retrospective clinical and radiographic study of Neoss implants placed with or without GBR procedures Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 14 2012 480 490
130. M. Esposito, I. Dojcinovic, L. Germon, N. Levy, R. Curno, and S. Buchini et al. Safety and efficacy of a biomimetic monolayer of permanently bound multi-phosphonic acid molecules on dental implants: 1 year post-loading results from a pilot quadruple-blinded randomised controlled trial Eur J Oral Implantol 6 2013 227 236
131. U. Held, D. Rohner, and D. Rothamel Early loading of hydrophilic titanium implants inserted in low-mineralized (D3 and D4) bone: one year results of a prospective clinical trial Head Face Med 9 2013 37
132. Gubbi P, Towse R, Berckmans B. Hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristic of titanium surfaces: machined, dual etched (OsseoTite), and dual acid etched with nanometer-scale CaP (NanoTite). In: Society for Biomaterials, 32nd annual meeting, Chicago; IL, 2007 [Abstract No. 796].
133. M. Taborelli, M. Jobin, P. Francois, P. Vaudaux, M. Tonetti, and S. Szmukler-Moncler et al. Influence of surface treatments developed for oral implants on the physical and biological properties of titanium. I. Surface characterization Clin Oral Implants Res 8 1997 208 216
134. S. Sardin, J.J. Morrier, G. Benay, and O. Barsotti In vitro streptococcal adherence on prosthetic and implant materials. Interactions with physicochemical surface properties J Oral Rehabil 31 2004 140 148
135. M.N. Sela, L. Badihi, G. Rosen, D. Steinberg, and D. Kohavi Adsorption of human plasma proteins to modified titanium surfaces Clin Oral Implants Res 18 2007 630 638
136. R.A. Gittens, T. McLachlan, R. Olivares-Navarrete, Y. Cai, S. Berner, and R. Tannenbaum et al. The effects of combined micron-/submicron-scale surface roughness and nanoscale features on cell proliferation and differentiation Biomaterials 32 2011 3395 3403
137. R. Jimbo, D. Ono, Y. Hirakawa, T. Odatsu, T. Tanaka, and T. Sawase Accelerated photo-induced hydrophilicity promotes osseointegration: an animal study Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 13 2011 79 85