Cognitive decline, dietary factors and gut-brain interactions

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

Volumn 136-137, Issue , 2014, Pages 59-69

  Caracciolo, Barbara ^a,b   Xu, Weili ^a   Collins, Stephen ^c   Fratiglioni, Laura ^a,d  

^a AGING RESEARCH CENTER   (Sweden)

^b STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d STOCKHOLM GERONTOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cognitive decline; Dementia; Diet; Gut brain axis; MCI; Nutrients; Protective factors

Indexed keywords

CYANOCOBALAMIN; FATTY ACID; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; PYRIDOXINE; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID; ANTIOXIDANT; POLYPHENOL; VITAMIN; VITAMIN B COMPLEX; VITAMIN B GROUP;

AGING; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN FUNCTION; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FOOD; GERIATRIC DISORDER; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; LIFESTYLE; MEDITERRANEAN DIET; METABOLIC DISORDER; MICROBIOME; NEUROPROTECTION; NUTRIENT; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR DISEASE; AGED; ANIMAL; BLOOD; BRAIN; CHEMISTRY; COGNITION DISORDERS; INTESTINE; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; MICROFLORA; MIDDLE AGED; MOUSE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; DIETARY INTAKE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD INTAKE; GUT BRAIN INTERACTION; INTESTINE FLORA; NONHUMAN; PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

ADIPOSITY; AGED; AGING; ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; BRAIN; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEMENTIA; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; HOMOCYSTEINE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINES; MICE; MICROBIOTA; MIDDLE AGED; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POLYPHENOLS; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; VITAMIN B COMPLEX; VITAMINS;

EID: 84899978515     PISSN: 00476374     EISSN: 18726216     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.011     Document Type: Article

References (191)

1. Ahtiluoto S., Polvikoski T., Peltonen M., Solomon A., Tuomilehto J., Winblad B., Sulkava R., Kivipelto M. Diabetes Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia: a population-based neuropathologic study. Neurology 2010, 75:1195-1202.
2. Aisen P.S., Egelko S., Andrews H., Diaz-Arrastia R., Weiner M., DeCarli C., Jagust W., Miller J.W., Green R., Bell K., Sano M. A pilot study of vitamins to lower plasma homocysteine levels in Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2003, 11:246-249.
3. Akomolafe A., Beiser A., Meigs J.B., Au R., Green R.C., Farrer L.A., Wolf P.A., Seshadri S. Diabetes mellitus and risk of developing Alzheimer disease: results from the Framingham Study. Archives of Neurology 2006, 63:1551-1555.
4. Alonso A., Jacobs D.R., Menotti A., Nissinen A., Dontas A., Kafatos A., Kromhout D. Cardiovascular risk factors and dementia mortality: 40 years of follow-up in the Seven Countries Study. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2009, 280:79-83.
5. Anstey K.J., Lipnicki D.M., Low L.F. Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2008, 16:343-354.
6. APA A.P.A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) 2013, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
7. Arvanitakis Z., Schneider J.A., Wilson R.S., Li Y., Arnold S.E., Wang Z., Bennett D.A. Diabetes is related to cerebral infarction but not to AD pathology in older persons. Neurology 2006, 67:1960-1965.
8. Arvanitakis Z., Wilson R.S., Bennett D.A. Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2006, 10:287-291.
9. Atti A.R., Palmer K., Volpato S., Winblad B., De Ronchi D., Fratiglioni L. Late-life body mass index and dementia incidence: nine-year follow-up data from the Kungsholmen Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008, 56:111-116.
10. Bajaj J.S., Ridlon J.M., Hylemon P.B., Thacker L.R., Heuman D.M., Smith S., Sikaroodi M., Gillevet P.M. Linkage of gut microbiome with cognition in hepatic encephalopathy. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2012, 302:G168-G175.
11. Ballard C., Gauthier S., Corbett A., Brayne C., Aarsland D., Jones E. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2011, 377:1019-1031.
12. Barberger-Gateau P., Raffaitin C., Letenneur L., Berr C., Tzourio C., Dartigues J.F., Alperovitch A. Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: the Three-City cohort study. Neurology 2007, 69:1921-1930.
13. Becker J.T., Chang Y.F., Lopez O.L., Dew M.A., Sweet R.A., Barnes D., Yaffe K., Young J., Kuller L., Reynolds C.F. Depressed mood is not a risk factor for incident dementia in a community-based cohort. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2009, 17:653-663.
14. Bercik P., Denou E., Collins J., Jackson W., Lu J., Jury J., Deng Y., Blennerhassett P., Macri J., McCoy K.D., Verdu E.F., Collins S.M. The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology 2011, 141:599-609. e1-3.
15. Berer K., Mues M., Koutrolos M., Rasbi Z.A., Boziki M., Johner C., Wekerle H., Krishnamoorthy G. Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination. Nature 2011, 479:538-541.
16. Beydoun M.A., Kaufman J.S., Satia J.A., Rosamond W., Folsom A.R. Plasma n-3 fatty acids and the risk of cognitive decline in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007, 85:1103-1111.
17. Biagi E., Nylund L., Candela M., Ostan R., Bucci L., Pini E., Nikkila J., Monti D., Satokari R., Franceschi C., Brigidi P., De Vos W. Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS One 2010, 5:e10667.
18. Bishop N.A., Lu T., Yankner B.A. Neural mechanisms of ageing and cognitive decline. Nature 2010, 464:529-535.
19. Blennow K., de Leon M.J., Zetterberg H. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2006, 368:387-403.
20. Borenstein A.R., Wu Y., Mortimer J.A., Schellenberg G.D., McCormick W.C., Bowen J.D., McCurry S., Larson E.B. Developmental and vascular risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 2005, 26:325-334.
21. Buchman A.S., Schneider J.A., Wilson R.S., Bienias J.L., Bennett D.A. Body mass index in older persons is associated with Alzheimer disease pathology. Neurology 2006, 67:1949-1954.
22. Bullo M., Lamuela-Raventos R., Salas-Salvado J. Mediterranean diet and oxidation: nuts and olive oil as important sources of fat and antioxidants. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2011, 11:1797-1810.
23. Candela M., Biagi E., Brigidi P., O'Toole P., De Vos W.M. Maintenance of healthy trajectory of the intestinal microbiome during aging: a dietary approach. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2014, 136-137:70-75.
24. Caracciolo B., Palmer K., Monastero R., Winblad B., Backman L., Fratiglioni L. Occurrence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the community: a 9-year-long prospective study. Neurology 2008, 70:1778-1785.
25. Caracciolo B., Gatz M., Xu W., Pedersen N.L., Fratiglioni L. Differential distribution of subjective and objective cognitive impairment in the population: a nation-wide twin-study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2012, 29:393-403.
26. Chao S.Z., Matthews B.R., Yokoyama J.S., Lai N.B., Ong H., Tse M., Yuan R.F., Lin A., Kramer J., Yaffe K., Kornak J., Miller B.L., Rosen H.J. Depressive symptoms in Chinese-American subjects with cognitive impairment. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2013, 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.029.
27. Cheng G., Huang C., Deng H., Wang H. Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Internal Medicine Journal 2012, 42:484-491.
28. Cherniack E.P. A plant-tastic treatment for cognitive disorders. Maturitas 2012, 72:265-266.
29. Chu L.W., Tam S., Lee P.W., Yik P.Y., Song Y., Cheung B.M., Lam K.S. Late-life body mass index and waist circumference in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD 2009, 17:223-232.
30. Cicerale S., Lucas L.J., Keast R.S. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic activities in extra virgin olive oil. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 2012, 23:129-135.
31. Claesson M.J., Cusack S., O'Sullivan O., Greene-Diniz R., de Weerd H., Flannery E., Marchesi J.R., Falush D., Dinan T., Fitzgerald G., Stanton C., van Sinderen D., O'Connor M., Harnedy N., O'Connor K., Henry C., O'Mahony D., Fitzgerald A.P., Shanahan F., Twomey C., Hill C., Ross R.P., O'Toole P.W. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108(Suppl. 1):4586-4591.
32. Claesson M.J., Jeffery I.B., Conde S., Power S.E., O'Connor E.M., Cusack S., Harris H.M., Coakley M., Lakshminarayanan B., O'Sullivan O., Fitzgerald G.F., Deane J., O'Connor M., Harnedy N., O'Connor K., O'Mahony D., van Sinderen D., Wallace M., Brennan L., Stanton C., Marchesi J.R., Fitzgerald A.P., Shanahan F., Hill C., Ross R.P., O'Toole P.W. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 2012, 488:178-184.
33. Coley N., Andrieu S., Gardette V., Gillette-Guyonnet S., Sanz C., Vellas B., Grand A. Dementia prevention: methodological explanations for inconsistent results. Epidemiologic Reviews 2008, 30:35-66.
34. Collins S.M., Surette M., Bercik P. The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. Nature Reviews. Microbiology 2012, 10:735-742.
35. Commenges D., Scotet V., Renaud S., Jacqmin-Gadda H., Barberger-Gateau P., Dartigues J.F. Intake of flavonoids and risk of dementia. European Journal of Epidemiology 2000, 16:357-363.
36. Corrada M.M., Kawas C.H., Hallfrisch J., Muller D., Brookmeyer R. Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2005, 1:11-18.
37. Dahl A.K., Lopponen M., Isoaho R., Berg S., Kivela S.L. Overweight and obesity in old age are not associated with greater dementia risk. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008, 56:2261-2266.
38. Dangour A.D., Whitehouse P.J., Rafferty K., Mitchell S.A., Smith L., Hawkesworth S., Vellas B. B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010, 22:205-224.
39. Davari S., Talaei S.A., Alaei H., Salami M. Probiotics treatment improves diabetes-induced impairment of synaptic activity and cognitive function: behavioral and electrophysiological proofs for microbiome-gut-brain axis. Neuroscience 2013, 240:287-296.
40. de Vos W.M., de Vos E.A. Role of the intestinal microbiome in health and disease: from correlation to causation. Nutrition Reviews 2012, 70(Suppl. 1):S45-S56.
41. Devore E.E., Grodstein F., van Rooij F.J., Hofman A., Stampfer M.J., Witteman J.C., Breteler M.M. Dietary antioxidants and long-term risk of dementia. Archives of Neurology 2010, 67:819-825.
42. Diaz Heijtz R., Wang S., Anuar F., Qian Y., Bjorkholm B., Samuelsson A., Hibberd M.L., Forssberg H., Pettersson S. Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011, 108:3047-3052.
43. Dominguez-Bello M.G., Blaser M.J., Ley R.E., Knight R. Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing. Gastroenterology 2011, 140:1713-1719.
44. Duron E., Hanon O. Hypertension, cognitive decline and dementia. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases 2008, 101:181-189.
45. Elias M.F., Elias P.K., Sullivan L.M., Wolf P.A., D'Agostino R.B. Lower cognitive function in the presence of obesity and hypertension: the Framingham heart study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2003, 27:260-268.
46. Elias M.F., Elias P.K., Sullivan L.M., Wolf P.A., D'Agostino R.B. Obesity, diabetes and cognitive deficit: the Framingham Heart Study. Neurobiology of Aging 2005, 26(Suppl. 1):11-16.
47. Engelhart M.J., Geerlings M.I., Ruitenberg A., Van Swieten J.C., Hofman A., Witteman J.C., Breteler M.M. Diet and risk of dementia: does fat matter? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2002, 59:1915-1921.
48. Engelhart M.J., Geerlings M.I., Ruitenberg A., van Swieten J.C., Hofman A., Witteman J.C., Breteler M.M. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2002, 287:3223-3229.
49. Esteve E., Ricart W., Fernandez-Real J.M. Gut microbiota interactions with obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: did gut microbiote co-evolve with insulin resistance?. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 2011, 14:483-490.
50. Eussen S.J., de Groot L.C., Joosten L.W., Bloo R.J., Clarke R., Ueland P.M., Schneede J., Blom H.J., Hoefnagels W.H., van Staveren W.A. Effect of oral vitamin B-12 with or without folic acid on cognitive function in older people with mild vitamin B-12 deficiency: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006, 84:361-370.
51. Exalto L.G., Whitmer R.A., Kappele L.J., Biessels G.J. An update on type 2 diabetes, vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Experimental Gerontology 2012, 47:858-864.
52. Feart C., Samieri C., Rondeau V., Amieva H., Portet F., Dartigues J.F., Scarmeas N., Barberger-Gateau P. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2009, 302:638-648.
53. Ferri C.P., Prince M., Brayne C., Brodaty H., Fratiglioni L., Ganguli M., Hall K., Hasegawa K., Hendrie H., Huang Y., Jorm A., Mathers C., Menezes P.R., Rimmer E., Scazufca M. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005, 366:2112-2117.
54. Fitzpatrick A.L., Kuller L.H., Lopez O.L., Diehr P., O'Meara E.S., Longstreth W.T., Luchsinger J.A. Midlife and late-life obesity and the risk of dementia: cardiovascular health study. Archives of Neurology 2009, 66:336-342.
55. Ford A.H., Almeida O.P. Effect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2012, 29:133-149.
56. Franceschi C., Bonafe M., Valensin S., Olivieri F., De Luca M., Ottaviani E., De Benedictis G. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 908:244-254.
57. Fratiglioni L., De Ronchi D., Aguero-Torres H. Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs & Aging 1999, 15:365-375.
58. Fratiglioni L., Mangialasche F., Qiu C. Brain aging: lessons from community studies. Nutrition Reviews 2010, 68(Suppl. 2):S119-S127.
59. Frisardi V., Panza F., Seripa D., Imbimbo B.P., Vendemiale G., Pilotto A., Solfrizzi V. Nutraceutical properties of Mediterranean diet and cognitive decline: possible underlying mechanisms. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD 2010, 22:715-740.
60. Galland L. Diet and inflammation. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2010, 25:634-640.
61. Ghosh D., Scheepens A. Vascular action of polyphenols. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2009, 53:322-331.
62. Gillette-Guyonnet S., Secher M., Vellas B. Nutrition and neurodegeneration: epidemiological evidence and challenges for future research. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2013, 75:738-755.
63. Gorelick P.B. Role of inflammation in cognitive impairment: results of observational epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010, 1207:155-162.
64. Griffin W.S. Neuroinflammatory cytokine signaling and Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2013, 368:770-771.
65. Gu Y., Luchsinger J.A., Stern Y., Scarmeas N. Mediterranean diet, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010, 22:483-492.
66. Hassing L.B., Johansson B., Nilsson S.E., Berg S., Pedersen N.L., Gatz M., McClearn G. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for vascular dementia, but not for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study of the oldest old. International Psychogeriatrics/IPA 2002, 14:239-248.
67. Hassing L.B., Dahl A.K., Thorvaldsson V., Berg S., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L., Johansson B. Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study. International Journal of Obesity 2009, 33:893-898.
68. Hayden K.M., Zandi P.P., Lyketsos C.G., Khachaturian A.S., Bastian L.A., Charoonruk G., Tschanz J.T., Norton M.C., Pieper C.F., Munger R.G., Breitner J.C., Welsh-Bohmer K.A. Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: the Cache County study. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2006, 20:93-100.
69. Ho R.C., Cheung M.W., Fu E., Win H.H., Zaw M.H., Ng A., Mak A. Is high homocysteine level a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2011, 19:607-617.
70. Huang T.L., Zandi P.P., Tucker K.L., Fitzpatrick A.L., Kuller L.H., Fried L.P., Burke G.L., Carlson M.C. Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE epsilon4. Neurology 2005, 65:1409-1414.
71. Hughes T.F., Borenstein A.R., Schofield E., Wu Y., Larson E.B. Association between late-life body mass index and dementia: the Kame Project. Neurology 2009, 72:1741-1746.
72. Hughes T.F., Andel R., Small B.J., Borenstein A.R., Mortimer J.A., Wolk A., Johansson B., Fratiglioni L., Pedersen N.L., Gatz M. Midlife fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of dementia in later life in Swedish twins. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2010, 18:413-420.
73. Irie F., Fitzpatrick A.L., Lopez O.L., Kuller L.H., Peila R., Newman A.B., Launer L.J. Enhanced risk for Alzheimer disease in persons with type 2 diabetes and APOE epsilon4: the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. Archives of Neurology 2008, 65:89-93.
74. Johnson D.K., Wilkins C.H., Morris J.C. Accelerated weight loss may precede diagnosis in Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology 2006, 63:1312-1317.
75. Kalmijn S., Foley D., White L., Burchfiel C.M., Curb J.D., Petrovitch H., Ross G.W., Havlik R.J., Launer L.J. Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and risk of dementia in Japanese-American elderly men: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2000, 20:2255-2260.
76. Kalmijn S., van Boxtel M.P., Ocke M., Verschuren W.M., Kromhout D., Launer L.J. Dietary intake of fatty acids and fish in relation to cognitive performance at middle age. Neurology 2004, 62:275-280.
77. Kang J.H., Ascherio A., Grodstein F. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive decline in aging women. Annals of Neurology 2005, 57:713-720.
78. Kawsar H.I., Ghosh S.K., Hirsch S.A., Koon H.B., Weinberg A., Jin G. Expression of human beta-defensin-2 in intratumoral vascular endothelium and in endothelial cells induced by transforming growth factor beta. Peptides 2010, 31:195-201.
79. Kesse-Guyot E., Fezeu L., Andreeva V.A., Touvier M., Scalbert A., Hercberg S., Galan P. Total and specific polyphenol intakes in midlife are associated with cognitive function measured 13 years later. Journal of Nutrition 2012, 142:76-83.
80. Kesse-Guyot E., Andreeva V.A., Lassale C., Ferry M., Jeandel C., Hercberg S., Galan P. Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: a French study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013, 97:369-376.
81. Kimm H., Lee P.H., Shin Y.J., Park K.S., Jo J., Lee Y., Kang H.C., Jee S.H. Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2011, 52:e117-e122.
82. Kivipelto M., Helkala E.L., Laakso M.P., Hanninen T., Hallikainen M., Alhainen K., Iivonen S., Mannermaa A., Tuomilehto J., Nissinen A., Soininen H. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 2002, 137:149-155.
83. Kivipelto M., Ngandu T., Fratiglioni L., Viitanen M., Kareholt I., Winblad B., Helkala E.L., Tuomilehto J., Soininen H., Nissinen A. Obesity and vascular risk factors at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology 2005, 62:1556-1560.
84. Langa K.M., Foster N.L., Larson E.B. Mixed dementia: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2004, 292:2901-2908.
85. Laurin D., Masaki K.H., Foley D.J., White L.R., Launer L.J. Midlife dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of late-life incident dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2004, 159:959-967.
86. Letenneur L., Proust-Lima C., Le Gouge A., Dartigues J.F., Barberger-Gateau P. Flavonoid intake and cognitive decline over a 10-year period.American Journal of Epidemiology 2007, 165:1364-1371.
87. Li G., Higdon R., Kukull W.A., Peskind E., Van Valen Moore K., Tsuang D., van Belle G., McCormick W., Bowen J.D., Teri L., Schellenberg G.D., Larson E.B. Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: a community-based prospective cohort study. Neurology 2004, 63:1624-1628.
88. Li W., Dowd S.E., Scurlock B., Acosta-Martinez V., Lyte M. Memory and learning behavior in mice is temporally associated with diet-induced alterations in gut bacteria. Physiology & Behavior 2009, 96:557-567.
89. Lobo A., Launer L.J., Fratiglioni L., Andersen K., Di Carlo A., Breteler M.M., Copeland J.R., Dartigues J.F., Jagger C., Martinez-Lage J., Soininen H., Hofman A. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 2000, 54:S4-S9.
90. Loef M., Walach H. Fruit, vegetables and prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review of cohort studies. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 2012, 16:626-630.
91. Loef M., Walach H. Midlife obesity and dementia: meta-analysis and adjusted forecast of dementia prevalence in the United States and China. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013, 21:E51-E55.
92. Lopez L.B., Kritz-Silverstein D., Barrett Connor E. High dietary and plasma levels of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid are associated with decreased dementia risk: the Rancho Bernardo study. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2011, 15:25-31.
93. Lourida I., Soni M., Thompson-Coon J., Purandare N., Lang I.A., Ukoumunne O.C., Llewellyn D.J. Mediterranean diet, cognitive function, and dementia: a systematic review. Epidemiology 2013, 24:479-489.
94. Luchsinger J.A., Gustafson D.R. Adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD 2009, 16:693-704.
95. Luchsinger J.A., Mayeux R. Dietary factors and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurology 2004, 3:579-587.
96. Luchsinger J.A., Mayeux R. Adiposity and Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research 2007, 4:127-134.
97. Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Shea S., Mayeux R. Antioxidant vitamin intake and risk of Alzheimer disease. Archives of Neurology 2003, 60:203-208.
98. Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Shea S., Miller J., Green R., Mayeux R. Plasma homocysteine levels and risk of Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2004, 62:1972-1976.
99. Luchsinger J.A., Reitz C., Honig L.S., Tang M.X., Shea S., Mayeux R. Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2005, 65:545-551.
100. Luchsinger J.A., Noble J.M., Scarmeas N. Diet and Alzheimer's disease. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 2007, 7:366-372.
101. Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Miller J., Green R., Mayeux R. Relation of higher folate intake to lower risk of Alzheimer disease in the elderly. Archives of Neurology 2007, 64:86-92.
102. Luchsinger J.A., Cheng D., Tang M.X., Schupf N., Mayeux R. Central obesity in the elderly is related to late-onset Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2012, 26:101-105.
103. Luck T., Luppa M., Briel S., Riedel-Heller S.G. Incidence of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2010, 29:164-175.
104. MacKnight C., Rockwood K., Awalt E., McDowell I. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2002, 14:77-83.
105. Malouf M., Grimley E.J., Areosa S.A. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, CD004514.
106. Mangialasche F., Kivipelto M., Mecocci P., Rizzuto D., Palmer K., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. High plasma levels of vitamin E forms and reduced Alzheimer's disease risk in advanced age. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD 2010, 20:1029-1037.
107. Martinez-Lapiscina E.H., Clavero P., Toledo E., Estruch R., Salas-Salvado J., San Julian B., Sanchez-Tainta A., Ros E., Valls-Pedret C., Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. Mediterranean diet improves cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomised trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2013, 84:1318-1325.
108. Martinez-Lapiscina E.H., Clavero P., Toledo E., San Julian B., Sanchez-Tainta A., Corella D., Lamuela-Raventos R.M., Martinez J.A., Martinez-Gonzalez M.A. Virgin olive oil supplementation and long-term cognition: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized, trial. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2013, 17:544-552.
109. Matthews F.E., Arthur A., Barnes L.E., Bond J., Jagger C., Robinson L., Brayne C. A two-decade comparison of prevalence of dementia in individuals aged 65 years and older from three geographical areas of England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II. Lancet 2013.
110. Maxwell C.J., Hogan D.B., Ebly E.M. Serum folate levels and subsequent adverse cerebrovascular outcomes in elderly persons. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2002, 13:225-234.
111. McMahon J.A., Green T.J., Skeaff C.M., Knight R.G., Mann J.I., Williams S.M. A controlled trial of homocysteine lowering and cognitive performance. New England Journal of Medicine 2006, 354:2764-2772.
112. McVeigh C., Passmore P. Vascular dementia: prevention and treatment. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2006, 1:229-235.
113. Mielke M.M., Zandi P.P., Sjogren M., Gustafson D., Ostling S., Steen B., Skoog I. High total cholesterol levels in late life associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Neurology 2005, 64:1689-1695.
114. Morris M.C. Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2012, 71:1-13.
115. Morris M.C., Evans D.A., Bienias J.L., Tangney C.C., Wilson R.S. Vitamin E and cognitive decline in older persons. Archives of Neurology 2002, 59:1125-1132.
116. Morris M.C., Evans D.A., Bienias J.L., Tangney C.C., Wilson R.S. Dietary fat intake and 6-year cognitive change in an older biracial community population. Neurology 2004, 62:1573-1579.
117. Morris M.C., Evans D.A., Tangney C.C., Bienias J.L., Wilson R.S. Fish consumption and cognitive decline with age in a large community study. Archives of Neurology 2005, 62:1849-1853.
118. Morris M.C., Evans D.A., Tangney C.C., Bienias J.L., Wilson R.S., Aggarwal N.T., Scherr P.A. Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005, 81:508-514.
119. Morris M.C., Evans D.A., Tangney C.C., Bienias J.L., Wilson R.S. Associations of vegetable and fruit consumption with age-related cognitive change. Neurology 2006, 67:1370-1376.
120. Morris M.C., Schneider J.A., Tangney C.C. Thoughts on B-vitamins and dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2006, 9:429-433.
121. Morris M.C., Schneider J.A., Tangney C.C. Thoughts on B-vitamins and dementia. Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD 2006, 9:429-433.
122. Muller M., Tang M.X., Schupf N., Manly J.J., Mayeux R., Luchsinger J.A. Metabolic syndrome and dementia risk in a multiethnic elderly cohort. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2007, 24:185-192.
123. Naqvi A.Z., Harty B., Mukamal K.J., Stoddard A.M., Vitolins M., Dunn J.E. Monounsaturated, trans, and saturated fatty acids and cognitive decline in women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2011, 59:837-843.
124. Nelson C., Wengreen H.J., Munger R.G., Corcoran C.D. Dietary folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6 and incident Alzheimer's disease: the cache county memory, health and aging study. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 2009, 13:899-905.
125. Neufeld K.M., Kang N., Bienenstock J., Foster J.A. Reduced anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical change in germ-free mice. Neurogastroenterology and Motility the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society 2011, 23:255-264. e119.
126. Norton S., Matthews F.E., Brayne C. A commentary on studies presenting projections of the future prevalence of dementia. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:1.
127. Ohara T., Doi Y., Ninomiya T., Hirakawa Y., Hata J., Iwaki T., Kanba S., Kiyohara Y. Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama study. Neurology 2011, 77:1126-1134.
128. Ohland C.L., Kish L., Bell H., Thiesen A., Hotte N., Pankiv E., Madsen K.L. Effects of Lactobacillus helveticus on murine behavior are dependent on diet and genotype and correlate with alterations in the gut microbiome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013, 38(9):1738-1747.
129. Panickar K.S. Effects of dietary polyphenols on neuroregulatory factors and pathways that mediate food intake and energy regulation in obesity. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2013, 57:34-47.
130. Patel A.K., Rogers J.T., Huang X. Flavanols, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2008, 1:181-191.
131. Peila R., Rodriguez B.L., Launer L.J. Type 2 diabetes APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Diabetes 2002, 51:1256-1262.
132. Peneau S., Galan P., Jeandel C., Ferry M., Andreeva V., Hercberg S., Kesse-Guyot E. Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in the SU.VI.MAX 2 prospective study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011, 94:1295-1303.
133. Petersen R.C. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. Journal of Internal Medicine 2004, 256:183-194.
134. Petersen R.C., Roberts R.O., Knopman D.S., Boeve B.F., Geda Y.E., Ivnik R.J., Smith G.E., Jack C.R. Mild cognitive impairment: ten years later. Archives of Neurology 2009, 66:1447-1455.
135. Psaltopoulou T., Kyrozis A., Stathopoulos P., Trichopoulos D., Vassilopoulos D., Trichopoulou A. Diet, physical activity and cognitive impairment among elders: the EPIC-Greece cohort (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition). Public Health Nutrition 2008, 11:1054-1062.
136. Qiu C., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia. Lancet Neurology 2005, 4:487-499.
137. Qiu C., De Ronchi D., Fratiglioni L. The epidemiology of the dementias: an update. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2007, 20:380-385.
138. Qiu C., von Strauss E., Backman L., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Twenty-year changes in dementia occurrence suggest decreasing incidence in central Stockholm, Sweden. Neurology 2013, 80:1888-1894.
139. Raffaitin C., Gin H., Empana J.P., Helmer C., Berr C., Tzourio C., Portet F., Dartigues J.F., Alperovitch A., Barberger-Gateau P. Metabolic syndrome and risk for incident Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia: the Three-City Study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32:169-174.
140. Ravaglia G., Forti P., Maioli F., Martelli M., Servadei L., Brunetti N., Porcellini E., Licastro F. Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005, 82:636-643.
141. Reitz C., Tang M.X., Luchsinger J., Mayeux R. Relation of plasma lipids to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Archives of Neurology 2004, 61:705-714.
142. Reitz C., Tang M.X., Manly J., Mayeux R., Luchsinger J.A. Hypertension and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology 2007, 64:1734-1740.
143. Riordan S.M., Williams R. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. New England Journal of Medicine 1997, 337:473-479.
144. Ritchie K., Carriere I., Ritchie C.W., Berr C., Artero S., Ancelin M.L. Designing prevention programmes to reduce incidence of dementia: prospective cohort study of modifiable risk factors. British Medical Journal 2010, 341:c3885.
145. Roberts R.O., Geda Y.E., Cerhan J.R., Knopman D.S., Cha R.H., Christianson T.J., Pankratz V.S., Ivnik R.J., Boeve B.F., O'Connor H.M., Petersen R.C. Vegetables, unsaturated fats, moderate alcohol intake, and mild cognitive impairment. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2010, 29:413-423.
146. Roman G.C. Vascular dementia: distinguishing characteristics, treatment, and prevention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003, 51:S296-S304.
147. Romas S.N., Tang M.X., Berglund L., Mayeux R. APOE genotype, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and AD in community elderly. Neurology 1999, 53:517-521.
148. Sabia S., Kivimaki M., Shipley M.J., Marmot M.G., Singh-Manoux A. Body mass index over the adult life course and cognition in late midlife: the Whitehall II Cohort Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2009, 89:601-607.
149. Sachdev P.S., Lipnicki D.M., Kochan N.A., Crawford J.D., Rockwood K., Xiao S., Li J., Li X., Brayne C., Matthews F.E., Stephan B.C., Lipton R.B., Katz M.J., Ritchie K., Carriere I., Ancelin M.L., Seshadri S., Au R., Beiser A.S., Lam L.C., Wong C.H., Fung A.W., Kim K.W., Han J.W., Kim T.H., Petersen R.C., Roberts R.O., Mielke M.M., Ganguli M., Dodge H., Hughes T., Anstey K.J., Cherbuin N., Butterworth P., Ng T.P., Gao Q., Reppermund S., Brodaty H., Meguro K., Schupf N., Manly J., Stern Y., Lobo A., Lopez-Anton R., Santabarbara J. COSMIC (Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium): an international consortium to identify risk and protective factors and biomarkers of cognitive ageing and dementia in diverse ethnic and sociocultural groups. BMC Neurology 2013, 13:165.
150. Salthouse T.A. When does age-related cognitive decline begin?. Neurobiology of Aging 2009, 30:507-514.
151. Samieri C., Okereke O.I.E.E.D, Grodstein F. Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with overall cognitive status, but not cognitive decline, in women. Journal of Nutrition 2013, 143:493-499.
152. Santoro A., Pini E., Scurti M., Palmas G., Berendsen A., Brzozowska A., Pietruszka B., Sczenziska A., Cano N., Meunier N., de Groot C.P.G.M., Feskens E., Fairweather-Tait S., Salvioli S., Capri M., Brigidi P., Franceschi C., the NU-AGE Consortium Combating inflammaging through a Mediterranean whole diet approach: the NU-AGE project's conceptual framework and design. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2014, 136-137:3-13.
153. Sardesai V.M. Role of antioxidants in health maintenance. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 1995, 10:19-25.
154. Scarmeas N., Stern Y., Tang M.X., Mayeux R., Luchsinger J.A. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Neurology 2006, 59:912-921.
155. Schaefer E.J., Bongard V., Beiser A.S., Lamon-Fava S., Robins S.J., Au R., Tucker K.L., Kyle D.J., Wilson P.W., Wolf P.A. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Archives of Neurology 2006, 63:1545-1550.
156. Schafer J.H., Glass T.A., Bolla K.I., Mintz M., Jedlicka A.E., Schwartz B.S. Homocysteine and cognitive function in a population-based study of older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005, 53:381-388.
157. Schaffer S., Asseburg H., Kuntz S., Muller W.E., Eckert G.P. Effects of polyphenols on brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease: focus on mitochondria. Molecular Neurobiology 2012, 46:161-178.
158. Sellbom K.S., Gunstad J. Cognitive function and decline in obesity. Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD 2012, 30(Suppl. 2):S89-S95.
159. Seshadri S., Beiser A., Selhub J., Jacques P.F., Rosenberg I.H., D'Agostino R.B., Wilson P.W., Wolf P.A. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2002, 346:476-483.
160. Solfrizzi V., Capurso C., D'Introno A., Colacicco A.M., Santamato A., Ranieri M., Fiore P., Capurso A., Panza F. Lifestyle-related factors in predementia and dementia syndromes. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2008, 8:133-158.
161. Solomon A., Kareholt I., Ngandu T., Wolozin B., Macdonald S.W., Winblad B., Nissinen A., Tuomilehto J., Soininen H., Kivipelto M. Serum total cholesterol, statins and cognition in non-demented elderly. Neurobiology of Aging 2009, 30:1006-1009.
162. Stevenson D.E., Hurst R.D. Polyphenolic phytochemicals - just antioxidants or much more?. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS 2007, 64:2900-2916.
163. Stewart R., White L.R., Xue Q.L., Launer L.J. Twenty-six-year change in total cholesterol levels and incident dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Archives of Neurology 2007, 64:103-107.
164. Sudo N., Chida Y., Aiba Y., Sonoda J., Oyama N., Yu X.N., Kubo C., Koga Y. Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice. Journal of Physiology 2004, 558:263-275.
165. Summers W.K., Martin R.L., Cunningham M., DeBoynton V.L., Marsh G.M. Complex antioxidant blend improves memory in community-dwelling seniors. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010, 19:429-439.
166. Sydenham E., Dangour A.D., Lim W.S. Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, 6:CD005379.
167. Tan Z.S., Seshadri S., Beiser A., Wilson P.W., Kiel D.P., Tocco M., D'Agostino R.B., Wolf P.A. Plasma total cholesterol level as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2003, 163:1053-1057.
168. Tangney C.C., Kwasny M.J., Li H., Wilson R.S., Evans D.A., Morris M.C. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and cognitive decline in a community population. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011, 93:601-607.
169. Tillisch K., Labus J., Kilpatrick L., Jiang Z., Stains J., Ebrat B., Guyonnet D., Legrain-Raspaud S., Trotin B., Naliboff B., Mayer E.A. Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenterology 2013, 144:1394-1401. e4.
170. Tyas S.L., Manfreda J., Strain L.A., Montgomery P.R. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based, longitudinal study in Manitoba, Canada. International Journal of Epidemiology 2001, 30:590-597.
171. Vagelatos N.T., Eslick G.D. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: the confounders interactions, and neuropathology associated with this relationship. Epidemiologic Reviews 2013.
172. Vercambre M.N., Grodstein F., Kang J.H. Dietary fat intake in relation to cognitive change in high-risk women with cardiovascular disease or vascular factors. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010, 64:1134-1140.
173. Virtanen J.K., Siscovick D.S., Longstreth W.T., Kuller L.H., Mozaffarian D. Fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults. Neurology 2008, 71:439-446.
174. Vom Berg J., Prokop S., Miller K.R., Obst J., Kalin R.E., Lopategui-Cabezas I., Wegner A., Mair F., Schipke C.G., Peters O., Winter Y., Becher B., Heppner F.L. Inhibition of IL-12/IL-23 signaling reduces Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline. Nature Medicine 2012, 18:1812-1819.
175. Wald D.S., Kasturiratne A., Simmonds M. Serum homocysteine and dementia: meta-analysis of eight cohort studies including 8669 participants. Alzheimer's Dementia 2011, 7:412-417.
176. Wang H.X., Wahlin A., Basun H., Fastbom J., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Vitamin B(12) and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 2001, 56:1188-1194.
177. Wang K.C., Woung L.C., Tsai M.T., Liu C.C., Su Y.H., Li C.Y. Risk of Alzheimer's disease in relation to diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Neuroepidemiology 2012, 38:237-244.
178. Ward A., Arrighi H.M., Michels S., Cedarbaum J.M. Mild cognitive impairment: disparity of incidence and prevalence estimates. Alzheimer's & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association 2012, 8:14-21.
179. Wengreen H.J., Munger R.G., Corcoran C.D., Zandi P., Hayden K.M., Fotuhi M., Skoog I., Norton M.C., Tschanz J., Breitner J.C., Welsh-Bohmer K.A. Antioxidant intake and cognitive function of elderly men and women: the Cache County Study. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2007, 11:230-237.
180. West N.A., Haan M.N. Body adiposity in late life and risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in a longitudinal community-based study. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2009, 64:103-109.
181. Whitmer R.A., Gunderson E.P., Barrett-Connor E., Quesenberry C.P., Yaffe K. Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study. British Medical Journal 2005, 330:1360.
182. Whitmer R.A., Sidney S., Selby J., Johnston S.C., Yaffe K. Midlife cardiovascular risk factors and risk of dementia in late life. Neurology 2005, 64:277-281.
183. Whitmer R.A., Gunderson E.P., Quesenberry C.P., Zhou J., Yaffe K. Body mass index in midlife and risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Current Alzheimer Research 2007, 4:103-109.
184. Wimo A., Prince M. World Alzheimer Report 2010 2010, Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), London, UK.
185. Wolf P.A., Beiser A., Elias M.F., Au R., Vasan R.S., Seshadri S. Relation of obesity to cognitive function: importance of central obesity and synergistic influence of concomitant hypertension. The Framingham Heart Study. Current Alzheimer Research 2007, 4:111-116.
186. Wu Y.T., Lee H.Y., Norton S., Chen C., Chen H., He C., Fleming J., Matthews F.E., Brayne C. Prevalence studies of dementia in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013, 8:e66252.
187. Wysocki M., Luo X., Schmeidler J., Dahlman K., Lesser G.T., Grossman H., Haroutunian V., Beeri M.S. Hypertension is associated with cognitive decline in elderly people at high risk for dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2012, 20:179-187.
188. Xu W., Qiu C., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. The effect of borderline diabetes on the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes 2007, 56:211-216.
189. Xu W., Qiu C., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L., Johansson B., Fratiglioni L. Mid- and late-life diabetes in relation to the risk of dementia: a population-based twin study. Diabetes 2009, 58:71-77.
190. Xu W.L., von Strauss E., Qiu C.X., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2009, 52:1031-1039.
191. Xu W.L., Atti A.R., Gatz M., Pedersen N.L., Johansson B., Fratiglioni L. Midlife overweight and obesity increase late-life dementia risk: a population-based twin study. Neurology 2011, 76:1568-1574.