메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 129-150

Fat and iron quantification in the liver: Past, present, and future

Author keywords

fat fraction; fatty liver; hemochromatosis; iron overload; proton density; quantitative imaging; relaxometry; steatosis

Indexed keywords

CARBENE; FAT; FERRITIN; HEMOSIDERIN; HYDROGEN; IRON; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

EID: 84898475582     PISSN: 08993459     EISSN: 15361004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (209)
  • 2
    • 28444454836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of hepatic iron overload
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2005-923311
    • Brunt EM. Pathology of hepatic iron overload. Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25:392-401. (Pubitemid 41741256)
    • (2005) Seminars in Liver Disease , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 392-401
    • Brunt, E.M.1
  • 4
    • 0017927812 scopus 로고
    • Liver biopsy: Complications in 1000 inpatients and outpatients
    • Perrault J, McGill DB, Ott BJ, et al. Liver biopsy: complications in 1000 inpatients and outpatients. Gastroenterology. 1978;74:103-106. (Pubitemid 8248893)
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 103-106
    • Perrault, J.1    McGill, D.B.2    Ott, B.J.3    Taylor, W.F.4
  • 5
    • 33646258022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the quality of liver biopsy specimens
    • Cholongitas E, Senzolo M, Standish R, et al. A systematic review of the quality of liver biopsy specimens. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;125:710-721.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.125 , pp. 710-721
    • Cholongitas, E.1    Senzolo, M.2    Standish, R.3
  • 6
    • 0022656928 scopus 로고
    • Sampling variability and its influence on the diagnostic yield of percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver
    • Maharaj B, Maharaj RJ, Leary WP, et al. Sampling variability and its influence on the diagnostic yield of percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver. Lancet. 1986;1:523-525. (Pubitemid 16138427)
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.8480 , pp. 523-525
    • Maharaj, B.1    Maharaj, R.J.2    Leary, W.P.3
  • 8
    • 0028858058 scopus 로고
    • Uneven hepatic iron and phosphorus distribution in beta-thalassemia
    • Ambu R, Crisponi G, Sciot R, et al. Uneven hepatic iron and phosphorus distribution in beta-thalassemia. J Hepatol. 1995;23:544-549.
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 544-549
    • Ambu, R.1    Crisponi, G.2    Sciot, R.3
  • 9
    • 0033871140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does iron concentration in a liver needle biopsy accurately reflect hepatic iron burden in β-thalassemia?
    • Crisponi G, Ambu R, Cristiani F, et al. Does iron concentration in a liver needle biopsy accurately reflect hepatic iron burden in beta-thalassemia? Clin Chem. 2000;46(pt 1):1185-1188. (Pubitemid 30643324)
    • (2000) Clinical Chemistry , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Crisponi, G.1    Ambu, R.2    Cristiani, F.3    Mancosu, G.4    Nurchi, V.M.5    Pinna, R.6    Faa, G.7
  • 11
    • 0001265554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in hepatic iron concentration measurement from needle-biopsy specimens
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(96)80070-5
    • Villeneuve JP, Bilodeau M, Lepage R, et al. Variability in hepatic iron concentration measurement from needle-biopsy specimens. J Hepatol. 1996;25:172-177. (Pubitemid 26276629)
    • (1996) Journal of Hepatology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 172-177
    • Villeneuve, J.-P.1    Bilodeau, M.2    Lepage, R.3    Cote, J.4    Lefebvre, M.5
  • 13
  • 14
    • 0038644536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference
    • DOI 10.1053/jhep.2003.50193
    • Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology. 2003;37:1202-1219. (Pubitemid 36538699)
    • (2003) Hepatology , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1202-1219
    • Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A.1    Caldwell, S.H.2
  • 15
    • 77952529040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference
    • Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, et al. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference. J Hepatol. 2010;53:372-384.
    • (2010) J Hepatol , vol.53 , pp. 372-384
    • Ratziu, V.1    Bellentani, S.2    Cortez-Pinto, H.3
  • 16
    • 0036829092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AGA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Sanyal AJ. AGA technical review on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1705-1725. (Pubitemid 35231670)
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.123 , Issue.5 , pp. 1705-1725
    • Sanyal, A.J.1
  • 17
    • 21344449292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The dionysos nutrition and liver study
    • DOI 10.1002/hep.20734
    • Bedogni G, Miglioli L, Masutti F, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Dionysos nutrition and liver study. Hepatology. 2005;42:44-52. (Pubitemid 40911310)
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-52
    • Bedogni, G.1    Miglioli, L.2    Masutti, F.3    Tiribelli, C.4    Marchesini, G.5    Bellentani, S.6
  • 18
    • 84880245463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994
    • Lazo M, Hernaez R, Eberhardt MS, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178:38-45.
    • (2013) Am J Epidemiol , vol.178 , pp. 38-45
    • Lazo, M.1    Hernaez, R.2    Eberhardt, M.S.3
  • 21
    • 84874053088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of liver disease in Europe: A review of available epidemiological data
    • Blachier M, Leleu H, Peck-Radosavljevic M, et al. The burden of liver disease in Europe: a review of available epidemiological data. J Hepatol. 2013;58:593-608.
    • (2013) J Hepatol , vol.58 , pp. 593-608
    • Blachier, M.1    Leleu, H.2    Peck-Radosavljevic, M.3
  • 22
    • 77950858243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Brunt EM. Pathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;7:195-203.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 195-203
    • Brunt, E.M.1
  • 24
    • 4344628555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cld.2004.04.004, PII S1089326104000340
    • McCullough AJ. The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2004;8:521-533. (Pubitemid 39141140)
    • (2004) Clinics in Liver Disease , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 521-533
    • McCullough, A.J.1
  • 25
    • 80053581540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States
    • Charlton MR, Burns JM, Pedersen RA, et al. Frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:1249-1253.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 1249-1253
    • Charlton, M.R.1    Burns, J.M.2    Pedersen, R.A.3
  • 26
    • 84864390922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of fatty liver disease
    • Levene AP, Goldin RD. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and histopathology of fatty liver disease. Histopathology. 2012;61:141-152.
    • (2012) Histopathology , vol.61 , pp. 141-152
    • Levene, A.P.1    Goldin, R.D.2
  • 27
    • 79961206915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of lipotoxicity in NAFLD and clinical implications
    • Ibrahim SH, Kohli R, Gores GJ. Mechanisms of lipotoxicity in NAFLD and clinical implications. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;53:131-140.
    • (2011) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 131-140
    • Ibrahim, S.H.1    Kohli, R.2    Gores, G.J.3
  • 28
    • 77950863893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nontriglyceride hepatic lipotoxicity: The new paradigm for the pathogenesis of NASH
    • Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Nontriglyceride hepatic lipotoxicity: the new paradigm for the pathogenesis of NASH. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010;12:49-56.
    • (2010) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.12 , pp. 49-56
    • Neuschwander-Tetri, B.A.1
  • 30
    • 53549112749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Causal effect or epiphenomenon?
    • Targher G, Marra F, Marchesini G. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causal effect or epiphenomenon? Diabetologia. 2008;51:1947-1953.
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 1947-1953
    • Targher, G.1    Marra, F.2    Marchesini, G.3
  • 31
    • 84898478300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease in the US Population
    • Stepanova M, Younossi ZM. Independent Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in the US Population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
    • Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
    • Stepanova, M.1    Younossi, Z.M.2
  • 32
    • 84861417701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A new and important cardiovascular risk factor?
    • Bhatia LS, Curzen NP, Calder PC, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a new and important cardiovascular risk factor? Eur Heart J. 2012.
    • (2012) Eur Heart J
    • Bhatia, L.S.1    Curzen, N.P.2    Calder, P.C.3
  • 33
    • 84869436442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk for hepatocellular cancer, based on systematic review
    • White DL, Kanwal F, El-Serag HB. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk for hepatocellular cancer, based on systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10:1342-1359.
    • (2012) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.10 , pp. 1342-1359
    • White, D.L.1    Kanwal, F.2    El-Serag, H.B.3
  • 34
    • 84872150627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer: The future challenges and outcomes of the metabolic syndrome
    • Muhidin SO, Magan AA, Osman KA, et al. The relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal cancer: the future challenges and outcomes of the metabolic syndrome. J Obes. 2012;2012:637538.
    • (2012) J Obes , vol.2012 , pp. 637538
    • Muhidin, S.O.1    Magan, A.A.2    Osman, K.A.3
  • 37
    • 34347205995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C and Steatosis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.09.001, PII S0188440906003067
    • Bjornsson E. Angulo P. Hepatitis C and steatosis. Arch Med Res. 2007;38:621-627. (Pubitemid 47001562)
    • (2007) Archives of Medical Research , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 621-627
    • Bjornsson, E.1    Angulo, P.2
  • 38
    • 33646529840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: A meta-analysis of individual patient data
    • Leandro G, Mangia A, Hui J, et al. Relationship between steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1636-1642.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 1636-1642
    • Leandro, G.1    Mangia, A.2    Hui, J.3
  • 40
    • 63649142566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury and their implications for patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
    • Khan AZ, Morris-Stiff G, Makuuchi M. Patterns of chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury and their implications for patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2009;16:137-144.
    • (2009) J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg , vol.16 , pp. 137-144
    • Khan, A.Z.1    Morris-Stiff, G.2    Makuuchi, M.3
  • 41
    • 33845922813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis as a risk factor in liver surgery
    • DOI 10.1097/01.sla.0000225113.88433.cf, PII 0000065820070100000005
    • Vetelainen R, van Vliet A, Gouma DJ, et al. Steatosis as a risk factor in liver surgery. Ann Surg. 2007;245:20-30. (Pubitemid 46035431)
    • (2007) Annals of Surgery , vol.245 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-30
    • Vetelainen, R.1    Van Vliet, A.2    Gouma, D.J.3    Van Gulik, T.M.4
  • 44
    • 0029300637 scopus 로고
    • Proton MR spectroscopy in quantitative in vivo determination of fat content in human liver steatosis
    • Longo R, Pollesello P, Ricci C, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy in quantitative in vivo determination of fat content in human liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;5:281-285.
    • (1995) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.5 , pp. 281-285
    • Longo, R.1    Pollesello, P.2    Ricci, C.3
  • 46
    • 84867834721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton density fat-fraction: A standardized MR-based biomarker of tissue fat concentration
    • Reeder SB, Hu HH, Sirlin CB. Proton density fat-fraction: a standardized MR-based biomarker of tissue fat concentration. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36:1011-1014.
    • (2012) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.36 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Hu, H.H.2    Sirlin, C.B.3
  • 47
    • 84898433065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR quantitative biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Technical evolutions and future trends
    • Ligabue G, Besutti G, Scaglioni R, et al. MR quantitative biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: technical evolutions and future trends. Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2013;3:192-195.
    • (2013) Quant Imaging Med Surg , vol.3 , pp. 192-195
    • Ligabue, G.1    Besutti, G.2    Scaglioni, R.3
  • 48
    • 84863852410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ISMRM workshop on fat-water separation: Insights, applications and progress inMRI
    • Hu HH, Bornert P, Hernando D, et al. ISMRM workshop on fat-water separation: insights, applications and progress inMRI. Magn Reson Med. 2012;68:378-388.
    • (2012) Magn Reson Med , vol.68 , pp. 378-388
    • Hu, H.H.1    Bornert, P.2    Hernando, D.3
  • 49
    • 84865569519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of colesevelam on liver fat quantified by magnetic resonance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized controlled trial
    • Le TA, Chen J, Changchien C, et al. Effect of colesevelam on liver fat quantified by magnetic resonance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 2012;56:922-932.
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.56 , pp. 922-932
    • Le Chen, T.A.J.1    Changchien, C.2
  • 51
    • 84878915292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low-glycemic-load versus low-fat diet in the treatment of fatty liver in obese children
    • Ramon-Krauel M, Salsberg SL, Ebbeling CB, et al. A low-glycemic-load versus low-fat diet in the treatment of fatty liver in obese children. Child Obes. 2013;9:252-260.
    • (2013) Child Obes , vol.9 , pp. 252-260
    • Ramon-Krauel, M.1    Salsberg, S.L.2    Ebbeling, C.B.3
  • 52
    • 0021132985 scopus 로고
    • Simple proton spectroscopic imaging
    • Dixon WT. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1984;153:189-194. (Pubitemid 14043406)
    • (1984) Radiology , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 189-194
    • Dixon, W.T.1
  • 53
    • 0021200259 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver: Demonstration by proton spectroscopic imaging
    • Lee JK, Dixon WT, Ling D, et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver: demonstration by proton spectroscopic imaging. Preliminary observations. Radiology. 1984;153:195-201. (Pubitemid 14043407)
    • (1984) Radiology , vol.153 , Issue.1 , pp. 195-201
    • Lee, J.K.T.1    Dixon, W.T.2    Ling, D.3
  • 54
    • 0022403993 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver: Evaluation by proton spectroscopic imaging
    • Heiken JP, Lee JK, Dixon WT. Fatty infiltration of the liver: evaluation by proton spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 1985;157:707-710. (Pubitemid 16232114)
    • (1985) Radiology , vol.157 , Issue.3 , pp. 707-710
    • Heiken, J.P.1    Lee, J.K.T.2    Dixon, W.T.3
  • 55
    • 0025872023 scopus 로고
    • Fatty liver. Chemical shift phase-difference and suppression magnetic resonance imaging techniques in animals, phantoms, and humans
    • Mitchell DG, Kim I, Chang TS, et al. Fatty liver. Chemical shift phase-difference and suppression magnetic resonance imaging techniques in animals, phantoms, and humans. Invest Radiol. 1991;26:1041-1052.
    • (1991) Invest Radiol , vol.26 , pp. 1041-1052
    • Mitchell, D.G.1    Kim, I.2    Chang, T.S.3
  • 57
    • 0030944152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 0 images
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.1910370426
    • Skinner TE, Glover GH. An extended two-point Dixon algorithm for calculating separate water, fat, and B0 images. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37:628-630. (Pubitemid 27146844)
    • (1997) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 628-630
    • Skinner, T.E.1    Glover, G.H.2
  • 58
    • 0031862567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-point Dixon method for water and fat separation using 2D and 3D gradient-echo techniques
    • DOI 10.1002/jmri.1880080329
    • Wang Y, Li D, Haacke EM, et al. A three-point Dixon method for water and fat separation using 2D and 3D gradient-echo techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998;8:703-710. (Pubitemid 28267795)
    • (1998) Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 703-710
    • Wang, Y.1    Li, D.2    Haacke, E.M.3    Brown, J.J.4
  • 59
    • 0025831477 scopus 로고
    • Three-point Dixon technique for true water/fat decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction
    • Glover GH, Schneider E. Three-point Dixon technique for true water/fat decomposition with B0 inhomogeneity correction. Magn Reson Med. 1991;18:371-383.
    • (1991) Magn Reson Med , vol.18 , pp. 371-383
    • Glover, G.H.1    Schneider, E.2
  • 60
    • 0023194168 scopus 로고
    • Chemical-shift imaging with large magnetic field inhomogeneity
    • Kim YS, Mun CW, Cho ZH. Chemical-shift imaging with large magnetic field inhomogeneity. Magn Reson Med. 1987;4:452-460. (Pubitemid 17108570)
    • (1987) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 452-460
    • Kim, Y.S.1    Mun, C.W.2    Cho, Z.H.3
  • 61
    • 27144532730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of liver fat quantification at MR imaging: Comparison of out-of-phase gradient-echo and fat-saturated fast spin-echo techniques - Initial experience
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2372040539
    • Qayyum A, Goh JS, Kakar S, et al. Accuracy of liver fat quantification at MR imaging: comparison of out-of-phase gradient-echo and fat-saturated fast spin-echo techniques-initial experience. Radiology. 2005;237:507-511. (Pubitemid 41507887)
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.237 , Issue.2 , pp. 507-511
    • Qayyum, A.1    Coh, J.S.2    Kakar, S.3    Yeh, B.M.4    Merriman, R.B.5    Coakley, F.V.6
  • 62
    • 53549134421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis
    • Cowin GJ, Jonsson JR, Bauer JD, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28:937-945.
    • (2008) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.28 , pp. 937-945
    • Cowin, G.J.1    Jonsson, J.R.2    Bauer, J.D.3
  • 64
    • 0035156652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleaved water and fat dual-echo spin echo imaging with intrinsic chemical-shift elimination
    • Kwok WE, Totterman SM, Zhong J. Interleaved water and fat dual-echo spin echo imaging with intrinsic chemical-shift elimination. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001;13:318-323. (Pubitemid 32066672)
    • (2001) Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 318-323
    • Kwok, W.E.1    Totterman, S.M.2    Zhong, J.3
  • 67
    • 30744448686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat-suppressed three-dimensional dual echo dixon technique for contrast agent enhanced MRI
    • DOI 10.1002/jmri.20470
    • Ma J, Vu AT, Son JB, et al. Fat-suppressed three-dimensional dual echo Dixon technique for contrast agent enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;23:36-41. (Pubitemid 43100716)
    • (2006) Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-41
    • Ma, J.1    Vu, A.T.2    Son, J.B.3    Choi, H.4    Hazle, J.D.5
  • 68
    • 79954451724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-echo Dixon imaging with flexible choice of echo times
    • Eggers H, Brendel B, Duijndam A, et al. Dual-echo Dixon imaging with flexible choice of echo times. Magn Reson Med, 2011;65:96-107.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Med , vol.65 , pp. 96-107
    • Eggers, H.1    Brendel, B.2    Duijndam, A.3
  • 69
    • 79551546321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gadolinium-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging using a 2-point Dixon fat-water separation technique: Impact upon image quality and lesion detection
    • Rosenkrantz AB, Mannelli L, Kim S, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging using a 2-point Dixon fat-water separation technique: impact upon image quality and lesion detection. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2011;35:96-101.
    • (2011) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.35 , pp. 96-101
    • Rosenkrantz, A.B.1    Mannelli, L.2    Kim, S.3
  • 70
    • 80052996528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy
    • Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, et al. Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;34.
    • (2011) J Magn Reson Imaging , pp. 34
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Cruite, I.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 71
    • 1342330052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR Imaging Relaxation Times of Abdominal and Pelvic Tissues Measured in Vivo at 3.0 T: Preliminary Results
    • DOI 10.1148/radiol.2303021331
    • de Bazelaire CM, Duhamel GD, Rofsky NM, et al. MR imaging relaxation times of abdominal and pelvic tissues measured in vivo at 3.0 T: preliminary results. Radiology. 2004;230:652-659. (Pubitemid 38252858)
    • (2004) Radiology , vol.230 , Issue.3 , pp. 652-659
    • De Bazelaire, C.M.J.1    Duhamel, G.D.2    Rofsky, N.M.3    Alsop, D.C.4
  • 73
    • 46849101443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous gadolinium administration and flip angle on the assessment of liver fat signal fraction with opposed-phase and in-phase imaging
    • DOI 10.1002/jmri.21375
    • Yokoo T, Collins JM, Hanna RF, et al. Effects of intravenous gadolinium administration and flip angle on the assessment of liver fat signal fraction with opposed-phase and in-phase imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28:246-251. (Pubitemid 351956490)
    • (2008) Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 246-251
    • Yokoo, T.1    Collins, J.M.2    Hanna, R.F.3    Bydder, M.4    Middleton, M.S.5    Sirlin, C.B.6
  • 74
    • 40249090380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation effects in the quantification of fat using gradient echo imaging
    • Bydder M, Yokoo T, Hamilton G, et al. Relaxation effects in the quantification of fat using gradient echo imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;26:347-359.
    • (2008) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.26 , pp. 347-359
    • Bydder, M.1    Yokoo, T.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 77
    • 84898411976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of diffuse liver disease by MR diffusion measurement: Influence of perfustion
    • Hollingsworth KG, Joubert I, Lomas DJ. Assessment of diffuse liver disease by MR diffusion measurement: influence of perfustion. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med. 2005;13:1892.
    • (2005) Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med , vol.13 , pp. 1892
    • Hollingsworth, K.G.1    Joubert, I.2    Lomas, D.J.3
  • 79
    • 33947547651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification: Relationships to clinical and metabolic characteristics of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00186.x
    • Pacifico L, Celestre M, Anania C, et al. MRI and ultrasound for hepatic fat quantification:relationships to clinical and metabolic characteristics of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:542-547. (Pubitemid 46466114)
    • (2007) Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 542-547
    • Pacifico, L.1    Celestre, M.2    Anania, C.3    Paolantonio, P.4    Chiesa, C.5    Laghi, A.6
  • 80
    • 84892727549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of flip angle on the accuracy and repeatability of hepatic proton density fat fraction estimation by complex data-based, T1-independent, T2-corrected, spectrum-modeled MRI
    • Johnson BL, Schroeder ME,Wolfson T, et al. Effect of flip angle on the accuracy and repeatability of hepatic proton density fat fraction estimation by complex data-based, T1-independent, T2-corrected, spectrum-modeled MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Johnson, B.L.1    Schroeder, M.E.2    Wolfson, T.3
  • 82
    • 84898419165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat fraction bias correction using T estimates and flip angle mapping
    • Yang IY, Cui Y, Wiens CN, et al. Fat fraction bias correction using T estimates and flip angle mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Yang, I.Y.1    Cui, Y.2    Wiens, C.N.3
  • 83
    • 55749085613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2 estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling
    • Yu H, Shimakawa A, McKenzie CA, et al. Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2 estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling. Magn Reson Med. 2008;60:1122-1134.
    • (2008) Magn Reson Med , vol.60 , pp. 1122-1134
    • Yu, H.1    Shimakawa, A.2    McKenzie, C.A.3
  • 84
    • 44449167605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver fat content and T2: Simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3.0 T-feasibility
    • O'Regan DP, Callaghan MF, Wylezinska-Arridge M, et al. Liver fat content and T2: simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3.0 T-feasibility. Radiology. 2008;247:550-557.
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.247 , pp. 550-557
    • O'Regan, D.P.1    Callaghan, M.F.2    Wylezinska-Arridge, M.3
  • 85
    • 0027381629 scopus 로고
    • MR imaging of fat-containing tissues: Valuation of two quantitative imaging techniques in comparison with localized proton spectroscopy
    • Brix G, Heiland S, Bellemann ME, et al. MR imaging of fat-containing tissues: valuation of two quantitative imaging techniques in comparison with localized proton spectroscopy. Magn Reson Imaging. 1993;11:977-991.
    • (1993) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.11 , pp. 977-991
    • Brix, G.1    Heiland, S.2    Bellemann, M.E.3
  • 86
    • 0025117756 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of proton density by magnetic resonance imaging: Phantom experiments and analysis of multiple component proton transverse relaxation
    • Brix G, Schad LR, Lorenz WJ. Evaluation of proton density by magnetic resonance imaging: phantom experiments and analysis of multiple component proton transverse relaxation. Phys Med Biol. 1990;35:53-66. (Pubitemid 20029077)
    • (1990) Physics in Medicine and Biology , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-66
    • Brix, G.1    Schad, L.R.2    Lorenz, W.J.3
  • 87
    • 84898410930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of T1 T2 and spectral complexity on in-and out-of-phase imaging: A systematic approach by computer simulation
    • Berlin Germany
    • Yokoo T, Barksdale J, Bydder M, et al. Effects of T1, T2, and spectral complexity on in-and out-of-phase imaging: a systematic approach by computer simulation. In: Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB. Berlin, Germany: 2007.
    • (2007) Joint Annual Meeting ISMRM-ESMRMB
    • Yokoo, T.1    Barksdale, J.2    Bydder, M.3
  • 88
    • 64949095273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy of low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T
    • Yokoo T, Bydder M, Hamilton G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy of low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 2009;251:67-76.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.251 , pp. 67-76
    • Yokoo, T.1    Bydder, M.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 89
    • 66749106248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of hepatic steatosis with MRI: The effects of accurate fat spectral modeling
    • Reeder SB, Robson PM, Yu H, et al. Quantification of hepatic steatosis with MRI: the effects of accurate fat spectral modeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;29:1332-1339.
    • (2009) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.29 , pp. 1332-1339
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Robson, P.M.2    Yu, H.3
  • 90
    • 80051586308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo characterization of the liver fat (1)H MR spectrum
    • Hamilton G, Yokoo T, Bydder M, et al. In vivo characterization of the liver fat (1)H MR spectrum. NMR Biomed. 2011;24:784-790.
    • (2011) NMR Biomed , vol.24 , pp. 784-790
    • Hamilton, G.1    Yokoo, T.2    Bydder, M.3
  • 91
    • 53149105563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla
    • Ren J, Dimitrov I, Sherry AD, et al. Composition of adipose tissue and marrow fat in humans by 1H NMR at 7 Tesla. J Lipid Res. 2008;49:2055-2062.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res , vol.49 , pp. 2055-2062
    • Ren, J.1    Dimitrov, I.2    Sherry, A.D.3
  • 92
    • 60549110075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved fat suppression using multipeak reconstruction for IDEAL chemical shift fat-water separation: Application with fast spin echo imaging
    • Kijowski R, Woods MA, Lee KS, et al. Improved fat suppression using multipeak reconstruction for IDEAL chemical shift fat-water separation: application with fast spin echo imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;29:436-442.
    • (2009) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.29 , pp. 436-442
    • Kijowski, R.1    Woods, M.A.2    Lee, K.S.3
  • 94
    • 79952309399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of hepatic proton-density fat fraction by using MR imaging at 3.0 T
    • Yokoo T, Shiehmorteza M, Hamilton G, et al. Estimation of hepatic proton-density fat fraction by using MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology. 2011;258:749-759.
    • (2011) Radiology , vol.258 , pp. 749-759
    • Yokoo, T.1    Shiehmorteza, M.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 95
    • 79952291566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: Blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy
    • Meisamy S, Hines CD, Hamilton G, et al. Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 2011;258:767-775.
    • (2011) Radiology , vol.258 , pp. 767-775
    • Meisamy, S.1    Hines, C.D.2    Hamilton, G.3
  • 96
    • 70350462793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1 independent, T2 corrected MRI with accurate spectral modeling for quantification of fat: Validation in a fat-water-SPIO phantom
    • Hines CD, Yu H, Shimakawa A, et al. T1 independent, T2 corrected MRI with accurate spectral modeling for quantification of fat: validation in a fat-water-SPIO phantom. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;30:1215-1222.
    • (2009) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.30 , pp. 1215-1222
    • Hines, C.D.1    Yu, H.2    Shimakawa, A.3
  • 97
    • 70449096095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Quantitative assessment of liver fat content by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Zhong L, Chen JJ, Chen J, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: quantitative assessment of liver fat content by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Dig Dis. 2009;10:315-320.
    • (2009) J Dig Dis , vol.10 , pp. 315-320
    • Zhong, L.1    Chen, J.J.2    Chen, J.3
  • 98
    • 84898404370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-examination precision of magnitude-based MRI for estimation of segmental hepatic proton density fat fraction in obese subjects
    • Negrete LM, Middleton MS, Clark L, et al. Inter-examination precision of magnitude-based MRI for estimation of segmental hepatic proton density fat fraction in obese subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Negrete, L.M.1    Middleton, M.S.2    Clark, L.3
  • 99
    • 84878248928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of hepatic fat fraction measurement by magnetic resonance imaging
    • Mashhood A, Railkar R, Yokoo T, et al. Reproducibility of hepatic fat fraction measurement by magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;37:1359-1370.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.37 , pp. 1359-1370
    • Mashhood, A.1    Railkar, R.2    Yokoo, T.3
  • 100
    • 77953809119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of liver fat quantification in the presence of iron
    • Bydder M, Shiehmorteza M, Yokoo T, et al. Assessment of liver fat quantification in the presence of iron. Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;28:767-776.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.28 , pp. 767-776
    • Bydder, M.1    Shiehmorteza, M.2    Yokoo, T.3
  • 101
    • 84878660656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of MRI fat fraction in the liver and spine pre and post SPIO infusion
    • Liau J, Shiehmorteza M, Girard OM, et al. Evaluation of MRI fat fraction in the liver and spine pre and post SPIO infusion. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;31:1012-1016.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.31 , pp. 1012-1016
    • Liau, J.1    Shiehmorteza, M.2    Girard, O.M.3
  • 102
    • 85027925485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD
    • Permutt Z, Le TA, Peterson MR, et al. Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:22-29.
    • (2012) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 22-29
    • Permutt, Z.1    Le Peterson, M.R.2
  • 103
    • 84876907610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis
    • Tang A, Tan J, Sun M, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis. Radiology. 2013;267:422-431.
    • (2013) Radiology , vol.267 , pp. 422-431
    • Tang, A.1    Tan, J.2    Sun, M.3
  • 104
    • 84878274416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic steatosis: Quantification by proton density fat fraction with MR imaging versus liver biopsy
    • Idilman IS, Aniktar H, Idilman R, et al. Hepatic steatosis: quantification by proton density fat fraction with MR imaging versus liver biopsy. Radiology. 2013;267:767-775.
    • (2013) Radiology , vol.267 , pp. 767-775
    • Idilman, I.S.1    Aniktar, H.2    Idilman, R.3
  • 105
    • 84866605548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of multipeak spectral modeling of fat for liver iron and fat quantification: Correlation of biopsy with MR imaging results
    • Kuhn JP, Hernando D, Munoz del Rio A, et al. Effect of multipeak spectral modeling of fat for liver iron and fat quantification: correlation of biopsy with MR imaging results. Radiology. 2012;265:133-142.
    • (2012) Radiology , vol.265 , pp. 133-142
    • Kuhn, J.P.1    Hernando, D.2    Munoz Del Rio, A.3
  • 107
    • 84886726849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of absolute fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging: A validation study against chemical analysis
    • Hu HH, Li Y, Nagy TR, et al. Quantification of absolute fat mass by magnetic resonance imaging: a validation study against chemical analysis. Int J Body Compos Res. 2011;9:111-122.
    • (2011) Int J Body Compos Res , vol.9 , pp. 111-122
    • Hu, H.H.1    Li, Y.2    Nagy, T.R.3
  • 108
  • 109
    • 84874371436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous quantification of fat content and fatty acid composition using MR imaging
    • Peterson P, Mansson S. Simultaneous quantification of fat content and fatty acid composition using MR imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2013;69:688-697.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Med , vol.69 , pp. 688-697
    • Peterson, P.1    Mansson, S.2
  • 110
    • 84870065463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model-based mapping of fat unsaturation and chain length by chemical shift imaging-phantom validation and in vivo feasibility
    • Berglund J, Ahlstrom H, Kullberg J. Model-based mapping of fat unsaturation and chain length by chemical shift imaging-phantom validation and in vivo feasibility. Magn Reson Med. 2012;68:1815-1827.
    • (2012) Magn Reson Med , vol.68 , pp. 1815-1827
    • Berglund, J.1    Ahlstrom, H.2    Kullberg, J.3
  • 111
    • 44449167605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver fat content and T2: Simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3.0 T-feasibility
    • O'Regan DP, Callaghan MF, Wylezinska-Arridge M, et al. Liver fat content and T2: simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3.0 T-feasibility. Radiology. 2008.
    • (2008) Radiology
    • O'Regan, D.P.1    Callaghan, M.F.2    Wylezinska-Arridge, M.3
  • 112
    • 77956360552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical shift-based water/fat separation: A comparison of signal models
    • Hernando D, Liang ZP, Kellman P. Chemical shift-based water/fat separation: a comparison of signal models. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64:811-822.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Med , vol.64 , pp. 811-822
    • Hernando, D.1    Liang, Z.P.2    Kellman, P.3
  • 113
    • 84872971012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of R2correction methods for accurate fat quantification in fatty liver
    • Horng DE, Hernando D, Hines CD, et al. Comparison of R2correction methods for accurate fat quantification in fatty liver. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;37:414-422.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.37 , pp. 414-422
    • Horng, D.E.1    Hernando, D.2    Hines, C.D.3
  • 114
    • 84890012373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients
    • Bolan PJ, Arentsen L,Sueblinvong T, et al. Water-fat MRI for assessing changes in bone marrow composition due to radiation and chemotherapy in gynecologic cancer patients. J Magn Reson Imaging, 2013;38:1578-1584.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.38 , pp. 1578-1584
    • Bolan, P.J.1    Arentsen, L.2    Sueblinvong, T.3
  • 115
    • 83155176878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow fat quantification of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: Comparison of multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging
    • Regis-Arnaud A, Guiu B, Walker PM, et al. Bone marrow fat quantification of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: comparison of multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy and chemical-shift gradient-echo MR imaging. Acta Radiol. 2011;52:1032-1036.
    • (2011) Acta Radiol , vol.52 , pp. 1032-1036
    • Regis-Arnaud, A.1    Guiu, B.2    Walker, P.M.3
  • 116
    • 84898428893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of fat infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles using water-fat MRI
    • Nardo L, Karampinos DC, Lansdown DA, et al. Quantitative assessment of fat infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles using water-fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Nardo, L.1    Karampinos, D.C.2    Lansdown, D.A.3
  • 117
    • 84873404384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of muscle fat in patients with low back pain: Comparison of multi-echo MR imaging with single-voxel MR spectroscopy
    • Fischer MA, Nanz D, Shimakawa A, et al. Quantification of muscle fat in patients with low back pain: comparison of multi-echo MR imaging with single-voxel MR spectroscopy. Radiology. 2013;266:555-563.
    • (2013) Radiology , vol.266 , pp. 555-563
    • Fischer, M.A.1    Nanz, D.2    Shimakawa, A.3
  • 118
    • 77950614714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial fat quantification in humans: Evaluation by two-point water-fat imaging and localized proton spectroscopy
    • Liu CY, Redheuil A, Ouwerkerk R, et al. Myocardial fat quantification in humans: Evaluation by two-point water-fat imaging and localized proton spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 2010;63:892-901.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Med , vol.63 , pp. 892-901
    • Liu, C.Y.1    Redheuil, A.2    Ouwerkerk, R.3
  • 119
    • 70350508408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial fat deposition after left ventricular myocardial infarction: Assessment by using MR water-fat separation imaging
    • Goldfarb JW, Roth M, Han J. Myocardial fat deposition after left ventricular myocardial infarction: assessment by using MR water-fat separation imaging. Radiology. 2009;253:65-73.
    • (2009) Radiology , vol.253 , pp. 65-73
    • Goldfarb, J.W.1    Roth, M.2    Han, J.3
  • 120
    • 42449104466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of pancreatic lipomatosis and liver steatosis by MRI: Comparison of in/opposed-phase and spectral-spatial excitation techniques
    • DOI 10.1097/RLI.0b013e31816a88c6, PII 0000442420080500000008
    • Schwenzer NF, Machann J, Martirosian P, et al. Quantification of pancreatic lipomatosis and liver steatosis by MRI: comparison of in/opposed-phase and spectral-spatial excitation techniques. Invest Radiol. 2008;43:330-337. (Pubitemid 351572210)
    • (2008) Investigative Radiology , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 330-337
    • Schwenzer, N.F.1    Machann, J.2    Martirosian, P.3    Stefan, N.4    Schraml, C.5    Fritsche, A.6    Claussen, C.D.7    Schick, F.8
  • 122
    • 84883826071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of brown and white adipose tissues in infants and children with chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI
    • Hu HH, Yin L, Aggabao PC, et al. Comparison of brown and white adipose tissues in infants and children with chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;38:885-896.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.38 , pp. 885-896
    • Hu, H.H.1    Yin, L.2    Aggabao, P.C.3
  • 123
    • 0026455697 scopus 로고
    • Ferritin and hemosiderin in pathological tissues
    • Iancu TC. Ferritin and hemosiderin in pathological tissues. Electron Microsc Rev. 1992;5:209-229.
    • (1992) Electron Microsc Rev , vol.5 , pp. 209-229
    • Iancu, T.C.1
  • 125
    • 28444454447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatotoxicity of iron overload: Mechanisms of iron-induced hepatic fibrogenesis
    • DOI 10.1055/s-2005-923315
    • Ramm GA, Ruddell RG. Hepatotoxicity of iron overload: mechanisms of iron-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. Semin Liver Dis. 2005;25:433-449. (Pubitemid 41741260)
    • (2005) Seminars in Liver Disease , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 433-449
    • Ramm, G.A.1    Ruddell, R.G.2
  • 127
    • 0037217987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive measurement of iron: Report of an NIDDK workshop
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1723
    • Brittenham GM, Badman DG. Noninvasive measurement of iron: report of an NIDDK workshop. Blood. 2003;101:15-19. (Pubitemid 36025881)
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-19
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Badman, D.G.2
  • 128
    • 84898477718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of serial serum ferritin measurements and liver iron concentration assessed by MRI in adult transfused patients with sickle cell disease
    • Tsitsikas DA, Nzouakou R, Ameen V, et al. Comparison of serial serum ferritin measurements and liver iron concentration assessed by MRI in adult transfused patients with sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol. 2013.
    • (2013) Eur J Haematol
    • Tsitsikas, D.A.1    Nzouakou, R.2    Ameen, V.3
  • 129
    • 0022368621 scopus 로고
    • Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis
    • Niederau C, Fischer R, Sonnenberg A, et al. Survival and causes of death in cirrhotic and in noncirrhotic patients with primary hemochromatosis. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1256-1262. (Pubitemid 16217048)
    • (1985) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.313 , Issue.20 , pp. 1256-1262
    • Niederau, C.1    Fischer, R.2    Sonnenberg, A.3
  • 130
    • 0031001278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia
    • Olivieri NF, Brittenham GM. Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia. Blood. 1997;89:739-761. (Pubitemid 27121266)
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 739-761
    • Olivieri, N.F.1    Brittenham, G.M.2
  • 131
    • 79959547265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
    • Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, et al. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology, 2011;54:328-343.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.54 , pp. 328-343
    • Bacon, B.R.1    Adams, P.C.2    Kowdley, K.V.3
  • 132
    • 0022656390 scopus 로고
    • Value of hepatic iron measurements in early hemochromatosis and determination of the critical iron level associated with fibrosis
    • Bassett ML, Halliday JW, Powell LW. Value of hepatic iron measurements in early hemochromatosis and determination of the critical iron level associated with fibrosis. Hepatology. 1986;6:24-29. (Pubitemid 16137838)
    • (1986) Hepatology , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-29
    • Bassett, M.L.1    Halliday, J.W.2    Powell, L.W.3
  • 133
    • 84868539376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How i treat transfusional iron overload
    • Hoffbrand AV, Taher A, Cappellini MD. How I treat transfusional iron overload. Blood. 2012;120:3657-3669.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.120 , pp. 3657-3669
    • Hoffbrand, A.V.1    Taher, A.2    Cappellini, M.D.3
  • 134
    • 0022382584 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance study of iron overload in liver tissue
    • DOI 10.1016/0730-725X(85)90357-1
    • Brown DW, Henkelman RM, Poon PY, et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance study of iron overload in liver tissue. Magn Reson Imaging1985;3:275-282. (Pubitemid 16193150)
    • (1985) Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-282
    • Brown, D.W.1    Henkelman, R.M.2    Poon, P.Y.3    Fisher, M.M.4
  • 135
    • 0037381123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell internalization of anionic maghemite nanoparticles: Quantitative effect on magnetic resonance imaging
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.10418
    • Billotey C, Wilhelm C, Devaud M, et al. Cell internalization of anionic maghemite nanoparticles: quantitative effect on magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49:646-654. (Pubitemid 36389974)
    • (2003) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 646-654
    • Billotey, C.1    Wilhelm, C.2    Devaud, M.3    Bacri, J.C.4    Bittoun, J.5    Gazeau, F.6
  • 136
    • 34147145066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of iron deposition in neurological disorders
    • DOI 10.1097/01.rmr.0000245459.82782.e4, PII 0000214220060200000004
    • Brass SD, Chen NK, Mulkern RV, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of iron deposition in neurological disorders. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;17:31-40. (Pubitemid 46672931)
    • (2006) Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-40
    • Brass, S.D.1    Chen, N.-K.2    Mulkern, R.V.3    Bakshi, R.4
  • 138
    • 0022004955 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of hepatic iron overload
    • Stark DD, Moseley ME, Bacon BR, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of hepatic iron overload. Radiology. 1985;154:137-142. (Pubitemid 15196301)
    • (1985) Radiology , vol.154 , Issue.1 , pp. 137-142
    • Stark, D.D.1    Moseley, M.E.2    Bacon, B.R.3
  • 139
    • 0029363067 scopus 로고
    • Iron overload in thalassemia: Comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging, serum ferritin and iron content of the liver
    • Mazza P, Giua R, De Marco S, et al. Iron overload in thalassemia: comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging, serum ferritin and iron content of the liver. Haematologica. 1995;80:398-404.
    • (1995) Haematologica , vol.80 , pp. 398-404
    • Mazza, P.1    Giua, R.2    De Marco, S.3
  • 142
    • 0027945442 scopus 로고
    • Hemochromatosis: Diagnosis and quantification of liver iron with gradient-echo MR imaging
    • Gandon Y, Guyader D, Heautot JF, et al. Hemochromatosis: diagnosis and quantification of liver iron with gradient-echo MR imaging. Radiology. 1994;193:533-538.
    • (1994) Radiology , vol.193 , pp. 533-538
    • Gandon, Y.1    Guyader, D.2    Heautot, J.F.3
  • 144
    • 33745727596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver iron content assessment by routine and simple magnetic resonance imaging procedure in highly transfused patients
    • Rose C, Vandevenne P, Bourgeois E, et al. Liver iron content assessment by routine and simple magnetic resonance imaging procedure in highly transfused patients. Eur J Haematol. 2006;77:145-149.
    • (2006) Eur J Haematol , vol.77 , pp. 145-149
    • Rose, C.1    Vandevenne, P.2    Bourgeois, E.3
  • 147
    • 0025345069 scopus 로고
    • MR pulse sequences for selective relaxation time measurements: A phantom study
    • DOI 10.1016/0730-725X(90)90211-J
    • Thomsen C, Jensen KE, Jensen M, et al. MR pulse sequences for selective relaxation time measurements: a phantom study. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990;8:43-50. (Pubitemid 20175239)
    • (1990) Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-50
    • Thomsen, C.1    Jensen, K.E.2    Jensen, M.3    Olsen, E.R.4    Henriksen, O.5
  • 148
    • 0028821746 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of liver iron overload by T2-quantitative magnetic resonance imaging: Correlation of T2-QMRI measurements with serum ferritin concentration and histologic grading of siderosis
    • Papakonstantinou OG, Maris TG, Kostaridou V, et al. Assessment of liver iron overload by T2-quantitative magnetic resonance imaging: correlation of T2-QMRI measurements with serum ferritin concentration and histologic grading of siderosis. Magn Reson Imaging. 1995;13:967-977.
    • (1995) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.13 , pp. 967-977
    • Papakonstantinou, O.G.1    Maris, T.G.2    Kostaridou, V.3
  • 149
    • 0042808828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 measurement of iron-loaded liver
    • DOI 10.1016/S0730-725X(03)00080-8
    • Clark PR, Chua-anusorn W, St Pierre TG. Bi-exponential proton transverse relaxation rate (R2) image analysis using RF field intensity-weighted spin density projection: potential for R2 measurement of iron-loaded liver. Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;21:519-530. (Pubitemid 36899085)
    • (2003) Magnetic Resonance Imaging , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 519-530
    • Clark, P.R.1    Chua-anusorn, W.2    St. Pierre, T.G.3
  • 153
    • 84903197028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R2 as a surrogate measure of ferriscan iron quantification in thalassemia
    • Chan WC, Tejani Z, Budhani F, et al. R2as a surrogate measure of ferriscan iron quantification in thalassemia. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging
    • Chan, W.C.1    Tejani, Z.2    Budhani, F.3
  • 154
    • 77955365667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International reproducibility of single breathhold T2MR for cardiac and liver iron assessment among five thalassemia centers
    • Kirk P, He T, Anderson LJ, et al. International reproducibility of single breathhold T2MR for cardiac and liver iron assessment among five thalassemia centers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;32:315-319.
    • (2010) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.32 , pp. 315-319
    • Kirk, P.1    He, T.2    Anderson, L.J.3
  • 155
    • 33750030695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-center validation of the transferability of the magnetic resonance T2technique for the quantification of tissue iron
    • Tanner MA, He T, Westwood MA, et al. Multi-center validation of the transferability of the magnetic resonance T2technique for the quantification of tissue iron. Haematologica. 2006;91:1388-1391. (Pubitemid 44569814)
    • (2006) Haematologica , vol.91 , Issue.10 , pp. 1388-1391
    • Tanner, M.A.1    He, T.2    Westwood, M.A.3    Firmin, D.N.4    Pennell, D.J.5
  • 157
    • 0028321471 scopus 로고
    • Microscopic susceptibility variation and transverse relaxation: Theory and experiment
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.1910310605
    • Weisskoff RM, Zuo CS, Boxerman JL, et al. Microscopic susceptibility variation and transverse relaxation: theory and experiment. Magn Reson Med. 1994;31:601-610. (Pubitemid 24166815)
    • (1994) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 601-610
    • Weisskoff, R.M.1    Zuo, C.S.2    Boxerman, J.L.3    Rosen, B.R.4
  • 158
    • 0036295196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the static dephasing regime theory to superparamagnetic iron-oxide loaded cells
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.10192
    • Bowen CV, Zhang X, Saab G, et al. Application of the static dephasing regime theory to superparamagnetic iron-oxide loaded cells. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48:52-61. (Pubitemid 34721587)
    • (2002) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-61
    • Bowen, C.V.1    Zhang, X.2    Saab, G.3    Gareau, P.J.4    Rutt, B.K.5
  • 159
    • 9244220587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single spin-echo proton transverse relaxometry of iron-loaded liver
    • DOI 10.1002/nbm.905
    • St Pierre TG, Clark PR, Chua-Anusorn W. Single spin-echo proton transverse relaxometry of iron-loaded liver. NMR Biomed. 2004;17:446-458. (Pubitemid 39549422)
    • (2004) NMR in Biomedicine , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 446-458
    • St Pierre, T.G.1    Clark, P.R.2    Chua-anusorn, W.3
  • 160
    • 23744459788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI R2 and R2mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients
    • DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3982
    • Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, et al. MRI R2 and R2mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients. Blood. 2005;106:1460-1465. (Pubitemid 41129616)
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 1460-1465
    • Wood, J.C.1    Enriquez, C.2    Ghugre, N.3    Tyzka, J.M.4    Carson, S.5    Nelson, M.D.6    Coates, T.D.7
  • 161
    • 84861703607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward absolute quantification of iron oxide nanoparticles as well as cell internalized fraction using multiparametric MRI
    • Girard OM, Ramirez R, McCarty S, et al. Toward absolute quantification of iron oxide nanoparticles as well as cell internalized fraction using multiparametric MRI. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2012;7:411-417.
    • (2012) Contrast Media Mol Imaging , vol.7 , pp. 411-417
    • Girard, O.M.1    Ramirez, R.2    McCarty, S.3
  • 162
    • 27644555993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.20697
    • Ghugre NR, Coates TD, Nelson MD, et al. Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54:1185-1193. (Pubitemid 41567198)
    • (2005) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 1185-1193
    • Ghugre, N.R.1    Coates, T.D.2    Nelson, M.D.3    Wood, J.C.4
  • 163
    • 48349126107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between MR transverse relaxation parameters R(2), R(2) and R'(2) and hepatic iron content in thalassemic mice at 1.5 T and 3 T
    • Song R, Lin W, Chen Q, et al. Relationships between MR transverse relaxation parameters R(2), R(2) and R'(2) and hepatic iron content in thalassemic mice at 1.5 T and 3 T. NMR Biomed. 2008;21:574-580.
    • (2008) NMR Biomed , vol.21 , pp. 574-580
    • Song, R.1    Lin, W.2    Chen, Q.3
  • 164
    • 1542376663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mimicking Liver Iron Overload Using Liposomal Ferritin Preparations
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.10735
    • Wood JC, Fassler JD, Meade T. Mimicking liver iron overload using liposomal ferritin preparations. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51:607-611. (Pubitemid 38298676)
    • (2004) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 607-611
    • Wood, J.C.1    Fassler, J.D.2    Meade, T.3
  • 165
    • 0036264295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of nonexponential NMR signal decay in liver with iron overload or superparamagnetic iron oxide particles
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.10170
    • Jensen JH, Chandra R. Theory of nonexponential NMR signal decay in liver with iron overload or superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Magn Reson Med. 2002;47:1131-1138. (Pubitemid 34587404)
    • (2002) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 1131-1138
    • Jensen, J.H.1    Chandra, R.2
  • 166
    • 84900819637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter validation of spin-density projection-assisted R2-MRI for the noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration
    • St Pierre TG, El-Beshlawy A, Elalfy M, et al. Multicenter validation of spin-density projection-assisted R2-MRI for the noninvasive measurement of liver iron concentration. Magn Reson Med. 2013.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Med
    • St Pierre, T.G.1    El-Beshlawy, A.2    Elalfy, M.3
  • 167
    • 79954615147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation-based comparison of two methods for determining relaxation rates from relaxometry images
    • Marro K, Otto R, Kolokythas O, et al. A simulation-based comparison of two methods for determining relaxation rates from relaxometry images. Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;29:497-506.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.29 , pp. 497-506
    • Marro, K.1    Otto, R.2    Kolokythas, O.3
  • 168
    • 77957300989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compressed sensing reconstruction for magnetic resonance parameter mapping
    • Doneva M, Bornert P, Eggers H, et al. Compressed sensing reconstruction for magnetic resonance parameter mapping. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64:1114-1120.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Med , vol.64 , pp. 1114-1120
    • Doneva, M.1    Bornert, P.2    Eggers, H.3
  • 169
    • 79958271733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated cardiac T2 mapping using breath-hold multiecho fast spin-echo
    • Feng L, Otazo R, Jung H, et al. Accelerated cardiac T2 mapping using breath-hold multiecho fast spin-echo pulse sequence with k-t FOCUSS. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65:1661-1669.
    • (2011) Magn Reson Med , vol.65 , pp. 1661-1669
    • Feng, L.1    Otazo, R.2    Jung, H.3
  • 171
    • 68049142606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with iron overload at 3 Tesla
    • Guo H, Au WY, Cheung JS, et al. Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with iron overload at 3 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;30:394-400.
    • (2009) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.30 , pp. 394-400
    • Guo, H.1    Au, W.Y.2    Cheung, J.S.3
  • 172
    • 9244261562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation induced by ferritin: A better understanding for an improved MRI iron quantification
    • DOI 10.1002/nbm.903
    • Gossuin Y, Muller RN, Gillis P. Relaxation induced by ferritin: a better understanding for an improved MRI iron quantification. NMR Biomed. 2004;17:427-432. (Pubitemid 39549420)
    • (2004) NMR in Biomedicine , vol.17 , Issue.7 , pp. 427-432
    • Gossuin, Y.1    Muller, R.N.2    Gillis, P.3
  • 175
    • 0020465049 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic-susceptibility measurement of human iron stores
    • Brittenham GM, Farrell DE, Harris JW, et al. Magnetic-susceptibility measurement of human iron stores. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1671-1675
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1671-1675
    • Brittenham, G.M.1    Farrell, D.E.2    Harris, J.W.3
  • 176
    • 0038542268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SQUID biosusceptometry in the measurement of hepatic iron
    • Sheth S. SQUID biosusceptometry in the measurement of hepatic iron. Pediatr Radiol. 2003;33:373-377. (Pubitemid 36748389)
    • (2003) Pediatric Radiology , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 373-377
    • Sheth, S.1
  • 177
    • 83055179148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Room-temperature susceptometry predicts biopsy-determined hepatic iron in patients with elevated serum ferritin
    • Maliken BD, Avrin WF, Nelson JE, et al. Room-temperature susceptometry predicts biopsy-determined hepatic iron in patients with elevated serum ferritin. Ann Hepatol. 2012;11:77-84.
    • (2012) Ann Hepatol , vol.11 , pp. 77-84
    • Maliken, B.D.1    Avrin, W.F.2    Nelson, J.E.3
  • 178
    • 84883253342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic susceptibility as a B field strength independent MRI biomarker of liver iron overload
    • Hernando D, Cook RJ, Diamond C, et al. Magnetic susceptibility as a B field strength independent MRI biomarker of liver iron overload. Magn Reson Med. 2013.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Med
    • Hernando, D.1    Cook, R.J.2    Diamond, C.3
  • 179
    • 0033210818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Volume Magnetic Susceptibility Using a Boundary Condition
    • Wang ZJ, Li S, Haselgrove JC. Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of volume magnetic susceptibility using a boundary condition. J Magn Reson. 1999;140:477-481. (Pubitemid 129608310)
    • (1999) Journal of Magnetic Resonance , vol.140 , Issue.2 , pp. 477-481
    • Wang, Z.J.1    Li, S.2    Haselgrove, J.C.3
  • 180
    • 84859790450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous field and R2 mapping to quantify liver iron content using autoregressive moving average modeling
    • Taylor BA, Loeffler RB, Song R, et al. Simultaneous field and R2 mapping to quantify liver iron content using autoregressive moving average modeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;35:1125-1132.
    • (2012) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.35 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Taylor, B.A.1    Loeffler, R.B.2    Song, R.3
  • 181
    • 77955885409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance assessment of iron overload by separate measurement of tissue ferritin and hemosiderin iron
    • Wu EX, Kim D, Tosti CL, et al. Magnetic resonance assessment of iron overload by separate measurement of tissue ferritin and hemosiderin iron. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1202:115-122.
    • (2010) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.1202 , pp. 115-122
    • Wu, E.X.1    Kim, D.2    Tosti, C.L.3
  • 184
    • 77955290109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separate MRI quantification of dispersed (ferritin-like) and aggregated (hemosiderin-like) storage iron
    • Jensen JH, Tang H, Tosti CL, et al. Separate MRI quantification of dispersed (ferritin-like) and aggregated (hemosiderin-like) storage iron. Magn Reson Med. 2010;63:1201-1209.
    • (2010) Magn Reson Med , vol.63 , pp. 1201-1209
    • Jensen, J.H.1    Tang, H.2    Tosti, C.L.3
  • 185
    • 0038621885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of iron, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitits
    • Chitturi S, George J. Interaction of iron, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2003;5:18-25. (Pubitemid 38899267)
    • (2003) Current Gastroenterology Reports , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-25
    • Chitturi, S.1    George, J.2
  • 186
    • 0033198317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and iron: Increased prevalence of mutations of the HFE gene in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80032-4
    • Bonkovsky HL, Jawaid Q, Tortorelli K, et al. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and iron: increased prevalence of mutations of the HFE gene in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 1999;31:421-429. (Pubitemid 29408723)
    • (1999) Journal of Hepatology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 421-429
    • Bonkovsky, H.L.1    Jawaid, Q.2    Tortorelli, K.3    LeClair, P.4    Cobb, J.5    Lambrecht, R.W.6    Banner, B.F.7
  • 188
    • 84886407507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver steatosis correlates with iron overload but not with HFE gene mutations in chronic hepatitis C
    • Sikorska K, Stalke P, Romanowski T, et al. Liver steatosis correlates with iron overload but not with HFE gene mutations in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2013;12:377-384.
    • (2013) Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int , vol.12 , pp. 377-384
    • Sikorska, K.1    Stalke, P.2    Romanowski, T.3
  • 189
    • 79251532050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the pattern of hepatic iron deposition and histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    • Nelson JE,Wilson L, Brunt EM, et al. Relationship between the pattern of hepatic iron deposition and histological severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2011;53:448-457.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.53 , pp. 448-457
    • Nelson, J.E.1    Wilson, L.2    Brunt, E.M.3
  • 191
    • 84878657108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
    • Armutcu F, Akyol S, Ucar F, et al. Markers in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adv Clin Chem. 2013;61:67-125.
    • (2013) Adv Clin Chem , vol.61 , pp. 67-125
    • Armutcu, F.1    Akyol, S.2    Ucar, F.3
  • 192
    • 34249723678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis as a Cofactor in Other Liver Diseases: Hepatitis C Virus, Alcohol, Hemochromatosis, and Others
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cld.2007.02.007, PII S1089326107000086, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    • Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Powell EE. Steatosis as a cofactor in other liver diseases: hepatitis C virus, alcohol, hemochromatosis, and others. Clin Liver Dis. 2007;11:173-189. (Pubitemid 46829972)
    • (2007) Clinics in Liver Disease , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 173-189
    • Clouston, A.D.1    Jonsson, J.R.2    Powell, E.E.3
  • 193
    • 21344446513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatosis: Co-factor in other liver diseases
    • DOI 10.1002/hep.20750
    • Powell EE, Jonsson JR, Clouston AD. Steatosis: co-factor in other liver diseases. Hepatology. 2005;42:5-13. (Pubitemid 40911303)
    • (2005) Hepatology , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-13
    • Powell, E.E.1    Jonsson, J.R.2    Clouston, A.D.3
  • 194
    • 0026073919 scopus 로고
    • Fatty infiltration of the liver: Quantification with phase-contrast MR imaging at 1.5 T vs biopsy
    • Levenson H, Greensite F, Hoefs J, et al. Fatty infiltration of the liver: quantification with phase-contrast MR imaging at 1.5 T vs biopsy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;156:307-312.
    • (1991) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.156 , pp. 307-312
    • Levenson, H.1    Greensite, F.2    Hoefs, J.3
  • 195
    • 77951970862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of hepatic iron deposition in patients with liver disease: Comparison of chemical shift imaging with single-echo T2-weighted imaging
    • Lim RP, Tuvia K, Hajdu CH, et al. Quantification of hepatic iron deposition in patients with liver disease: comparison of chemical shift imaging with single-echo T2-weighted imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1288-1295.
    • (2010) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.194 , pp. 1288-1295
    • Lim, R.P.1    Tuvia, K.2    Hajdu, C.H.3
  • 196
    • 84861849237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron overload: Accuracy of in-phase and out-of-phase MRI as a quick method to evaluate liver iron load in haematological malignancies and chronic liver disease
    • Virtanen JM, Pudas TK, Ratilainen JA, et al. Iron overload: accuracy of in-phase and out-of-phase MRI as a quick method to evaluate liver iron load in haematological malignancies and chronic liver disease. Br J Radiol. 2012;85:e162-e167.
    • (2012) Br J Radiol , vol.85
    • Virtanen, J.M.1    Pudas, T.K.2    Ratilainen, J.A.3
  • 197
    • 51649122677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative liver iron measurement by magnetic resonance imaging: In vitro and in vivo assessment of the liver to muscle signal intensity and the R2methods
    • Virtanen JM, Komu ME, Parkkola RK. Quantitative liver iron measurement by magnetic resonance imaging: in vitro and in vivo assessment of the liver to muscle signal intensity and the R2methods. Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;26:1175-1182.
    • (2008) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.26 , pp. 1175-1182
    • Virtanen, J.M.1    Komu, M.E.2    Parkkola, R.K.3
  • 198
    • 77950613420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilot study assessing differentiation of steatosis hepatis, hepatic iron overload, and combined disease using two-point dixon MRI at 3 T: In vitro and in vivo results of a 2D decomposition technique
    • Boll DT, Marin D, Redmon GM, et al. Pilot study assessing differentiation of steatosis hepatis, hepatic iron overload, and combined disease using two-point dixon MRI at 3 T: in vitro and in vivo results of a 2D decomposition technique. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:964-971.
    • (2010) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.194 , pp. 964-971
    • Boll, D.T.1    Marin, D.2    Redmon, G.M.3
  • 199
    • 84855597351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic MR imaging for in vivo differentiation of steatosis, iron deposition and combined storage disorder: Single-ratio in/opposed phase analysis vs. Dual-ratio Dixon discrimination
    • Bashir MR, Merkle EM, Smith AD, et al. Hepatic MR imaging for in vivo differentiation of steatosis, iron deposition and combined storage disorder: single-ratio in/opposed phase analysis vs. dual-ratio Dixon discrimination. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:e101-e109.
    • (2012) Eur J Radiol , vol.81
    • Bashir, M.R.1    Merkle, E.M.2    Smith, A.D.3
  • 200
    • 84864017879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of fat suppression in R(2) relaxometry with MRI for the quantification of tissue iron overload in beta-thalassemic patients
    • Papakonstantinou O, Foufa K, Benekos O, et al. Use of fat suppression in R(2) relaxometry with MRI for the quantification of tissue iron overload in beta-thalassemic patients. Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;30:926-933.
    • (2012) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.30 , pp. 926-933
    • Papakonstantinou, O.1    Foufa, K.2    Benekos, O.3
  • 201
    • 59649107524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T2relaxometry in liver, pancreas, and spleen in a healthy cohort of one hundred twenty-nine subjects-correlation with age, gender, and serum ferritin
    • Schwenzer NF, Machann J, Haap MM, et al. T2relaxometry in liver, pancreas, and spleen in a healthy cohort of one hundred twenty-nine subjects-correlation with age, gender, and serum ferritin. Invest Radiol. 2008;43:854-860.
    • (2008) Invest Radiol , vol.43 , pp. 854-860
    • Schwenzer, N.F.1    MacHann, J.2    Haap, M.M.3
  • 202
    • 84887185085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between multi-echo T2with and without fat saturation pulse for quantification of liver iron overload
    • Sanches-Rocha L, Serpa B, Figueiredo E, et al. Comparison between multi-echo T2with and without fat saturation pulse for quantification of liver iron overload. Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;31:1704-1708.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.31 , pp. 1704-1708
    • Sanches-Rocha, L.1    Serpa, B.2    Figueiredo, E.3
  • 204
    • 84886769267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multipeak fat-corrected complex R2relaxometry: Theory, optimization, and clinical validation
    • Hernando D, Kramer JH, Reeder SB. Multipeak fat-corrected complex R2relaxometry: theory, optimization, and clinical validation. Magn Reson Med. 2013;70:1319-1331.
    • (2013) Magn Reson Med , vol.70 , pp. 1319-1331
    • Hernando, D.1    Kramer, J.H.2    Reeder, S.B.3
  • 205
    • 79958248631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: Validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease
    • Lee SS, Lee Y, Kim N, et al. Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;33:1390-1398.
    • (2011) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.33 , pp. 1390-1398
    • Lee, S.S.1    Lee, Y.2    Kim, N.3
  • 206
    • 84858735166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of MRI biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in the presence of iron overload in the ob/ob mouse
    • Hines CD, Agni R, Roen C, et al. Validation of MRI biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in the presence of iron overload in the ob/ob mouse. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;35:844-851.
    • (2012) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.35 , pp. 844-851
    • Hines, C.D.1    Agni, R.2    Roen, C.3
  • 207
    • 84255178974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of liver T(2) in transfusion-related iron overload in patients with weighted least squares T(2) IDEAL
    • Vasanawala SS, Yu H, Shimakawa A, et al. Estimation of liver T(2) in transfusion-related iron overload in patients with weighted least squares T(2) IDEAL. Magn Reson Med. 2012;67:183-190.
    • (2012) Magn Reson Med , vol.67 , pp. 183-190
    • Vasanawala, S.S.1    Yu, H.2    Shimakawa, A.3
  • 208
    • 84856147075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the performance of T2correction methods for quantification of hepatic fat content
    • Reeder SB, Bice EK, Yu H, et al. On the performance of T2correction methods for quantification of hepatic fat content. Magn Reson Med. 2012;67:389-404.
    • (2012) Magn Reson Med , vol.67 , pp. 389-404
    • Reeder, S.B.1    Bice, E.K.2    Yu, H.3
  • 209
    • 0027375098 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra
    • DOI 10.1002/mrm.1910300604
    • Provencher SW. Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med. 1993;30:672-679. (Pubitemid 23360802)
    • (1993) Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 672-679
    • Provencher, S.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.