MicroRNAs: New regulators of toll-like receptor signalling pathways

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2014, Issue , 2014, Pages

  He, Xiaobing ^a   Jing, Zhizhong ^a   Cheng, Guofeng ^a  

^a AGRO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTITUTE   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED KINASE 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED KINASE 2; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 132; MICRORNA 146; MICRORNA 146A; MICRORNA 147; MICRORNA 155; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 210; MICRORNA 223; MICRORNA 27B; MICRORNA 29; MICRORNA 511; MICRORNA 9; MICRORNA LET 7E; MICRORNA LET 7I; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88; RNA BINDING PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BINDING SITE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DOWN REGULATION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC REGULATION; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; POSITIVE FEEDBACK; PROTEIN RNA BINDING; PROTEIN STABILITY; PROTEIN TARGETING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPLEEN CELL; TRANSLATION REGULATION; UPREGULATION; ANIMAL; GENETICS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MICRORNAS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 84897533708     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/945169     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. Broz P., Monack D. M., Newly described pattern recognition receptors team up against intracellular pathogens. Nature Review Immunology 2013 13 8 551 565
2. He X. B., Jia H. J., Jing Z. Z., Liu D. X., Recognition of pathogen-associated nucleic acids by the intracellular toll-like receptors. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2013 45 4 240 257
3. Newton K., Dixit V. M., Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Cold Spring Harbor in Perspectives Biology 4 3
4. O'Neill L. A. J., When signaling pathways collide: positive and negative regulation of toll-like receptor signal transduction. Immunity 2008 29 1 12 20 2-s2.0-46749136412 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.06.004 (Pubitemid 351952460)
5. Kondo T., Kawai T., Akira S., Dissecting negative regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. Trends in Immunology 2012 33 9 449 458
6. Li Y. K., Shi X. Y., MicroRNAs in the regulation of TLR and RIG-I pathways. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013 10 1 65 71
7. Olivieri F., Rippo M. R., Prattichizzo F., Toll-like receptor signaling ininflammaging: microRNA as new players. Immunity & Ageing 2013 10 1 1 10
8. O'Neill L. A., Sheedy F. J., McCoy C. E., MicroRNAs: the fine-tuners of Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature Reviews Immunology 2011 11 3 163 175 2-s2.0-79952186298 10.1038/nri2957
9. Nahid M. A., Satoh M., Chan E. K. L., MicroRNA in TLR signaling and endotoxin tolerance. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 2011 8 5 388 403 2-s2.0-80052446462 10.1038/cmi.2011.26
10. Ma X., Becker Buscaglia L. E., Barker J. R., Li Y., MicroRNAs in NF- B signaling. Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011 3 3 159 166 2-s2.0-79958225650 10.1093/jmcb/mjr007
11. Zhou R., O'Hara S. P., Chen X.-M., MicroRNA regulation of innate immune responses in epithelial cells. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 2011 8 5 371 379 2-s2.0-80052440185 10.1038/cmi.2011.19
12. Coll R. C., O'Neill L. A. J., New insights into the regulation of signalling by toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors. Journal of Innate Immunity 2010 2 5 406 421 2-s2.0-77956025260 10.1159/000315469
13. Yates L. A., Norbury C. J., Gilbert R. J., The long and short of microRNA. Cell 2013 53 3 516 519
14. Bartel D. P., MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 2009 136 2 215 233 2-s2.0-58249088751 10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002
15. Fabian M. R., Sonenberg N., Filipowicz W., Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs. Annual Review of Biochemistry 2010 79 351 379 2-s2.0-77953629046 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060308-103103
16. Chen C. Z., Schaffert S., Fragoso R., Loh C., Regulation of immune responses and tolerance: the microRNA perspective. Immunological Reviews 2013 253 1 112 128
17. O'Connell R. M., Rao D. S., Baltimore D., MicroRNA regulation of inflammatory responses. Annual Review of Immunology 2012 30 295 312 2-s2.0-84859382730 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075013
18. O'Connell R. M., Rao D. S., Chaudhuri A. A., Baltimore D., Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology 2010 10 2 111 122 2-s2.0-75649139134 10.1038/nri2708
19. Taganov K. D., Boldin M. P., Chang K.-J., Baltimore D., NF- B-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 103 33 12481 12486 2-s2.0-33747608638 10.1073/pnas.0605298103 (Pubitemid 44267285)
20. Jurkin J., Schichl Y. M., Koeffel R., Bauer T., Richter S., Konradi S., Gesslbauer B., Strobl H., miR-146a is differentially expressed by myeloid dendritic cell subsets and desensitizes cells to TLR2-dependent activation. Journal of Immunology 2010 184 9 4955 4965 2-s2.0-77954488963 10.4049/jimmunol.0903021
21. Boldin M. P., Taganov K. D., Rao D. S., Yang L., Zhao J. L., Kalwani M., Garcia-Flores Y., Luong M., Devrekanli A., Xu J., Sun G., Tay J., Linsley P. S., Baltimore D., miR-146a is a significant brake on autoimmunity, myeloproliferation, and cancer in mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2011 208 6 1189 1201 2-s2.0-79958257077 10.1084/jem.20101823
22. Perry M. M., Moschos S. A., Williams A. E., Shepherd N. J., Larner-Svensson H. M., Lindsay M. A., Rapid changes in microrna-146a expression negatively regulate the IL-1 β -induced inflammatory response in human lung alveolar epithelial cells1. Journal of Immunology 2008 180 8 5689 5698 2-s2.0-45549101837
23. Cameron J. E., Yin Q., Fewell C., Lacey M., McBride J., Wang X., Lin Z., Schaefer B. C., Flemington E. K., Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces cellular microRNA miR-146a, a modulator of lymphocyte signaling pathways. Journal of Virology 2008 82 4 1946 1958 2-s2.0-38849160013 10.1128/JVI.02136-07 (Pubitemid 351206940)
24. Oneyama C., Ikeda J., Okuzaki D., Suzuki K., Kanou T., Shintani Y., Morii E., Okumura M., Aozasa K., Okada M., MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of mTOR/FGFR3 controls tumor growth induced by Src-related oncogenic pathways. Oncogene 2011 30 32 3489 3501 2-s2.0-80051791926 10.1038/onc.2011.63
25. Yang K., He Y. S., Wang X. Q., Lu L., Chen Q. J., Liu J., Sun Z., Shen W. F., MiR-146a inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response via targeting toll-like receptor 4. FEBS Letters 2011 585 6 854 860 2-s2.0-79952575527 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.02.009
26. Hou J., Wang P., Lin L., Liu X., Feng M., An H., Wang Z., Cao X., MicroRNA-146a feedback inhibits RIG-I-dependent type I IFN production in macrophages by targeting TRAF6, IRAK1, and IRAK2. Journal of Immunology 2009 183 3 2150 2158 2-s2.0-68149165370 10.4049/jimmunol.0900707
27. Xie Y. F., Shu R., Jiang S. Y., Liu D. L., Ni J., Zhang X. L., MicroRNA-146 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of Inflammation 2013 10 1 20
28. Li S., Yue Y., Xu W., Xiong S., MicroRNA-146a represses mycobacteria-induced inflammatory response and facilitates bacterial replication via targeting IRAK-1 and TRAF-6. PLoS One 2013 8 12 e81438
29. Tang B., Xiao B., Liu Z., Li N., Zhu E.-D., Li B.-S., Xie Q.-H., Zhuang Y., Zou Q.-M., Mao X.-H., Identification of MyD88 as a novel target of miR-155, involved in negative regulation of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. FEBS Letters 2010 584 8 1481 1486 2-s2.0-77951294330 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02. 063
30. Xu G., Zhang Z., Xing Y., MicroRNA-149 negatively regulates TLR-triggered inflammatory response in mouse macrophages by targeting MyD88. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2014 115 5 919 927 10.1002/jcb.24734
31. Starczynowski D. T., Kuchenbauer F., Argiropoulos B., Sung S., Morin R., Muranyi A., Hirst M., Hogge D., Marra M., Wells R. A., Buckstein R., Lam W., Humphries R. K., Karsan A., Identification of miR-145 and miR-146a as mediators of the 5q-syndrome phenotype. Nature Medicine 2010 16 1 49 58 2-s2.0-73849121794 10.1038/nm.2054
32. Worm J., Stenvang J., Petri A., Frederiksen K. S., Obad S., Elmén J., Hedtjärn M., Straarup E. M., Hansen J. B., Kauppinen S., Silencing of microRNA-155 in mice during acute inflammatory response leads to derepression of c/ebp Beta and down-regulation of G-CSF. Nucleic Acids Research 2009 37 17 5784 5792 2-s2.0-68649086358 10.1093/nar/gkp577 gkp577
33. Costinean S., Sandhu S. K., Pedersen I. M., Tili E., Trotta R., Perrotti D., Ciarlariello D., Neviani P., Harb J., Kauffman L. R., Shidham A., Croce C. M., Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β are targeted by miR-155 in B cells of E -MiR-155 transgenic mice. Blood 2009 114 7 1374 1382 2-s2.0-70349331525 10.1182/blood-2009-05-220814
34. Kohlhaas S., Garden O. A., Scudamore C., Turner M., Okkenhaug K., Vigorito E., Cutting edge: the Foxp3 target miR-155 contributes to the development of regulatory T cells1. Journal of Immunology 2009 182 5 2578 2582 2-s2.0-64849100152 10.4049/jimmunol.0803162
35. Bai Y., Qian C., Qian L., Integrin CD11b negatively regulates TLR9-triggered dendritic cell cross-priming by upregulating microRNA-146a. Journal of Immunology 2012 188 11 5293 5302
36. O'Connell R. M., Taganov K. D., Boldin M. P., Cheng G., Baltimore D., MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007 104 5 1604 1609 2-s2.0-33846845071 10.1073/pnas.0610731104 (Pubitemid 46214637)
37. Gatto G., Rossi A., Rossi D., Kroening S., Bonatti S., Mallardo M., Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 trans-activates miR-155 transcription through the NF- B pathway. Nucleic Acids Research 2008 36 20 6608 6619 2-s2.0-56649123539 10.1093/nar/gkn666
38. Ceppi M., Pereira A. M., Dunand-Sauthier I., Barras E., Reith W., Santos M. A., Pierre P., MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 8 2735 2740 2-s2.0-62449173209 10.1073/pnas.0811073106
39. Cheng Y., Kuang W., Hao Y., Zhang D., Lei M., Du L., Jiao H., Zhang X., Wang F., Downregulation of miR-27a* and miR-532-5p and Upregulation of miR-146a and miR-155 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. Inflammation 2012 35 4 1308 1313 2-s2.0-84857929246 10.1007/s10753-012-9443-8
40. Tili E., Michaille J.-J., Cimino A., Costinean S., Dumitru C. D., Adair B., Fabbri M., Alder H., Chang G. L., Calin G. A., Croce C. M., Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide/TNF- α stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock. Journal of Immunology 2007 179 8 5082 5089 2-s2.0-38049030287
41. Yin Q., Wang X., McBride J., Fewell C., Flemington E., B-cell receptor activation induces BIC/miR-155 expression through a conserved AP-1 element. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008 283 5 2654 2662 2-s2.0-41449093809 10.1074/jbc.M708218200
42. Thai T.-H., Calado D. P., Casola S., Ansel K. M., Xiao C., Xue Y., Murphy A., Frendewey D., Valenzuela D., Kutok J. L., Schmidt-Supprian M., Rajewsky N., Yancopoulos G., Rao A., Rajewsky K., Regulation of the germinal center response by MicroRNA-155. Science 2007 316 5824 604 608 2-s2.0-34247594818 10.1126/science.1141229 (Pubitemid 46683147)
43. An H., Xu H., Zhang M., Zhou J., Feng T., Qian C., Qi R., Cao X., Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) negatively regulates TLR4-mediated LPS response primarily through a phosphatase activity- and PI-3K-independent mechanism. Blood 2005 105 12 4685 4692 2-s2.0-20444375502 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0191 (Pubitemid 40807290)
44. O'Connell R. M., Chaudhuri A. A., Rao D. S., Baltimore D., Inositol phosphatase SHIP1 is a primary target of miR-155. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 17 7113 7118 2-s2.0-66349137358 10.1073/pnas.0902636106
45. Cremer T. J., Ravneberg D. H., Clay C. D., Piper-Hunter M. G., Marsh C. B., Elton T. S., Gunn J. S., Amer A., Kanneganti T.-D., Schlesinger L. S., Butchar J. P., Tridandapani S., MiR-155 induction by F. novicida but not the virulent F. tularensis results in SHIP down-regulation and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response. PLoS ONE 2009 4 12 2-s2.0-77949500446 10.1371/journal.pone.0008508 e8508
46. Gabhann J. N., Higgs R., Brennan K., Thomas W., Damen J. E., Larbi N. B., Krystal G., Jefferies C. A., Absence of SHIP-1 results in constitutive phosphorylation of tank-binding kinase 1 and enhanced TLR3-dependent IFN- β production. Journal of Immunology 2010 184 5 2314 2320 2-s2.0-77951931275 10.4049/jimmunol.0902589
47. Wang P., Hou J., Lin L., Wang C., Liu X., Li D., Ma F., Wang Z., Cao X., Inducible microRNA-155 feedback promotes type I IFN signaling in antiviral innate immunity by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. Journal of Immunology 2010 185 10 6226 6233 2-s2.0-78650658467 10.4049/jimmunol.1000491
48. McCoy C. E., Sheedy F. J., Qualls J. E., Doyle S. L., Quinn S. R., Murray P. J., O'Neill L. A. J., IL-10 inhibits miR-155 induction by toll-like receptors. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010 285 27 20492 20498 2-s2.0-77954223697 10.1074/jbc.M110.102111
49. Shaked I., Meerson A., Wolf Y., Avni R., Greenberg D., Gilboa-Geffen A., Soreq H., MicroRNA-132 potentiates cholinergic anti-inflammatory signaling by targeting acetylcholinesterase. Immunity 2009 31 6 965 973 2-s2.0-71749084011 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.019
50. Lagos D., Pollara G., Henderson S., Gratrix F., Fabani M., Milne R. S. B., Gotch F., Boshoff C., MiR-132 regulates antiviral innate immunity through suppression of the p300 transcriptional co-activator. Nature Cell Biology 2010 12 5 513 519 2-s2.0-77951976180 10.1038/ncb2054
51. Nahid M. A., Yao B., Dominguez-Gutierrez P. R., Kesavalu L., Satoh M., Chan E. K., Regulation of TLR2-mediated tolerance and cross-tolerance through IRAK4 modulation by miR-132 and miR-212. The Journal of Immunology 2013 190 3 1250 6123
52. Moschos S. A., Williams A. E., Perry M. M., Birrell M. A., Belvisi M. G., Lindsay M. A., Expression profiling in vivo demonstrates rapid changes in lung microRNA levels following lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation but not in the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids. BMC Genomics 2007 8, article 240 2-s2.0-34547774686 10.1186/1471-2164-8-240 (Pubitemid 47226074)
53. Johnnidis J. B., Harris M. H., Wheeler R. T., Stehling-Sun S., Lam M. H., Kirak O., Brummelkamp T. R., Fleming M. D., Camargo F. D., Regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and granulocyte function by microRNA-223. Nature 2008 451 7182 1125 1129 2-s2.0-39849096995 10.1038/nature06607 (Pubitemid 351317447)
54. Chen Y., Chen J., Wang H., HCV-induced miR-21 contributes to evasion of host immune system by targeting MyD88 and IRAK1. PLoS Pathogens 2013 9 4 e1003248
55. Chen Q. Y., Wang H., Liu Y., Inducible microRNA-223 down-regulation promotes TLR-triggered IL-6 and IL-1b production in macrophages by targeting STAT3. PLoS One 2012 7 8 e42971
56. Huang Z., Chen X., Yu B., Chen D., Cloning and functional characterization of rat stimulator of interferon genes (STING) regulated by miR-24. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2012 37 3-4 414 420
57. Liu G., Friggeri A., Yang Y., Park Y.-J., Tsuruta Y., Abraham E., miR-147, a microRNA that is induced upon toll-like receptor stimulation, regulates murine macrophage inflammatory responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 37 15819 15824 2-s2.0-70349439320 10.1073/pnas.0901216106
58. Bazzoni F., Rossato M., Fabbri M., Gaudiosi D., Mirolo M., Mori L., Tamassia N., Mantovani A., Cassatella M. A., Locati M., Induction and regulatory function of miR-9 in human monocytes and neutrophils exposed to proinflammatory signals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 13 5282 5287 2-s2.0-65249131826 10.1073/pnas.0810909106
59. Jennewein C., Von Knethen A., Schmid T., Brüne B., MicroRNA-27b contributes to lipopolysaccharide-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) mRNA destabilization. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010 285 16 11846 11853 2-s2.0-77951219696 10.1074/jbc.M109.066399
60. Zhou R., Hu G., Gong A.-Y., Chen X.-M., Binding of NF-kappaB p65 subunit to the promoter elements is involved in LPS-induced transactivation of miRNA genes in human biliary epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Research 2010 38 10 3222 3232 2-s2.0-77953705834 10.1093/nar/gkq056 gkq056
61. Zhou R., Hu G., Liu J., Gong A.-Y., Drescher K. M., Chen X.-M., NF-kappaB p65-dependent transactivation of miRNA genes following Cryptosporidium parvum infection stimulates epithelial cell immune responses. PLoS Pathogens 2009 5 12 2-s2.0-74549156855 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000681 e1000681
62. Androulidaki A., Iliopoulos D., Arranz A., Doxaki C., Schworer S., Zacharioudaki V., Margioris A. N., Tsichlis P. N., Tsatsanis C., The kinase Akt1 controls macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide by regulating MicroRNAs. Immunity 2009 31 2 220 231 2-s2.0-68649091506 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.024
63. Sheedy F. J., Palsson-Mcdermott E., Hennessy E. J., Martin C., O'Leary J. J., Ruan Q., Johnson D. S., Chen Y., O'Neill L. A. J., Negative regulation of TLR4 via targeting of the proinflammatory tumor suppressor PDCD4 by the microRNA miR-21. Nature Immunology 2010 11 2 141 147 2-s2.0-75649113377 10.1038/ni.1828
64. Shin V. Y., Jin H., Ng E. K. O., Cheng A. S. L., Chong W. W. S., Wong C. Y. P., Leung W. K., Sung J. J. Y., Chu K.-M., NF- B targets miR-16 and miR-21 in gastric cancer: involvement of prostaglandin E receptors. Carcinogenesis 2011 32 2 240 245 2-s2.0-79251584345 10.1093/carcin/bgq240
65. Fujita S., Ito T., Mizutani T., Minoguchi S., Yamamichi N., Sakurai K., Iba H., miR-21 gene expression triggered by AP-1 is sustained through a double-negative feedback mechanism. Journal of Molecular Biology 2008 378 3 492 504 2-s2.0-42249090353 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.015
66. Misawa A., Katayama R., Koike S., Tomida A., Watanabe T., Fujita N., AP-1-dependent miR-21 expression contributes to chemoresistance in cancer stem cell-like SP cells. Oncology Research 2010 19 1 23 33 2-s2.0-79951469197 10.3727/096504010X12828372551759
67. Palanisamy V., Jakymiw A., van Tubergen E. A., Silva N. J. D., Kirkwood K. L., Control of cytokine mRNA expression by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. Journal of Dental Research 2012 91 7 651 658
68. Stoecklin G., Tenenbaum S. A., Mayo T., Chittur S. V., George A. D., Baroni T. E., Blackshear P. J., Anderson P., Genome-wide analysis identifies interleukin-10 mRNA as target of tristetraprolin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008 283 17 11689 11699 2-s2.0-45249099847 10.1074/jbc.M709657200
69. Alsaleh G., Suffert G., Semaan N., Juncker T., Frenzel L., Gottenberg J.-E., Sibilia J., Pfeffer S., Wachsmann D., Bruton's tyrosine kinase is involved in miR-346-related regulation of IL-18 release by lipopolysaccharide- activated rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Journal of Immunology 2009 182 8 5088 5097 2-s2.0-65249088074 10.4049/jimmunol.0801613
70. Lu Z., Li Y., Takwi A., Li B., Zhang J., Conklin D. J., Young K. H., Martin R., Li Y., miR-301a as an NF- B activator in pancreatic cancer cells. The EMBO Journal 2011 30 1 57 67 2-s2.0-78650858038 10.1038/emboj.2010.296
71. Shao M., Rossi S., Chelladurai B., Shimizu M., Ntukogu O., Ivan M., Calin G. A., Matei D., PDGF induced microRNA alterations in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Research 2011 39 10 4035 4047 2-s2.0-79960833464 10.1093/nar/gkq1305
72. O'Hara S. P., Splinter P. L., Gajdos G. B., Trussoni C. E., Fernandez-Zapico M. E., Chen X.-M., LaRusso N. F., NF B p50-CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein β (C/EBP β)-mediated transcriptional repression of microRNA let-7i following microbial infection. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010 285 1 216 225 2-s2.0-73649145490 10.1074/jbc.M109.041640
73. Chen X.-M., Splinter P. L., O'Hara S. P., LaRusso N. F., A cellular micro-RNA, let-7i, regulates toll-like receptor 4 expression and contributes to cholangiocyte immune responses against Cryptosporidium parvum infection. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007 282 39 28929 28938 2-s2.0-35348929402 10.1074/jbc.M702633200 (Pubitemid 47610421)
74. Iliopoulos D., Hirsch H. A., Struhl K., An epigenetic switch involving NF- B, Lin28, let-7 MicroRNA, and IL6 links inflammation to cell transformation. Cell 2009 139 4 693 706 2-s2.0-70350778443 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.014
75. Hu G., Zhou R., Liu J., Gong A.-Y., Eischeid A. N., Dittman J. W., Chen X.-M., MicroRNA-98 and let-7 confer cholangiocyte expression of cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing protein in response to microbial challenge. Journal of Immunology 2009 183 3 1617 1624 2-s2.0-68149132126 10.4049/jimmunol.0804362
76. Liu S., Wu L. C., Pang J., Sp1/NFkappaB/HDAC/miR-29b regulatory network in KIT-driven myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2010 17 4 333 347
77. Wang H., Garzon R., Sun H., Ladner K. J., Singh R., Dahlman J., Cheng A., Hall B. M., Qualman S. J., Chandler D. S., Croce C. M., Guttridge D. C., NF- B-YY1-miR-29 regulatory circuitry in skeletal myogenesis and rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Cell 2008 14 5 369 381 2-s2.0-54549119169 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.10.006
78. Tserel L., Runnel T., Kisand K., Pihlap M., Bakhoff L., Kolde R., Peterson H., Vilo J., Peterson P., Rebane A., MicroRNA expression profiles of human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages reveal miR-511 as putative positive regulator of toll-like receptor 4. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011 286 30 26487 26495 2-s2.0-79960691435 10.1074/jbc.M110.213561
79. Curtale G., Mirolo M., Renzi T. A., Rossato M., Bazzoni F., Locati M., Negative regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling by IL-10-dependent microRNA-146b. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013 110 28 11449 11504
80. Jiang C., Zhu W., Xu J., MicroRNA-26a negatively regulates toll-like receptor 3 expression of rat macrophages and ameliorates pristane induced arthritis in rats. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2014 16 1 R9
81. Quinn E. M., Wang J. H., O'Callaghan G., Redmond H. P., MicroRNA-146a is upregulated by and negatively regulates TLR2 signaling. PLoS One 2013 8 4 e62232
82. Benakanakere M. R., Li Q., Eskan M. A., Singh A. V., Zhao J., Galicia J. C., Stathopoulou P., Knudsen T. B., Kinane D. F., Modulation of TLR2 protein expression by miR-105 in human oral keratinocytes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2009 284 34 23107 23115 2-s2.0-69249085731 10.1074/jbc.M109.013862
83. Philippe L., Alsaleh G., Suffert G., Meyer A., Georgel P., Sibilia J., Wachsmann D., Pfeffer S., TLR2 expression is regulated by microRNA miR-19 in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Journal of Immunology 2012 188 1 454 461 2-s2.0-84855384226 10.4049/jimmunol.1102348
84. Guo H., Chen Y., Hu X., Qian G., Ge S., Zhang J., The regulation of toll-like receptor 2 by miR-143 suppresses the invasion and migration of a subset of human colorectal carcinoma cells. Molecular Cancer 2013 12 77
85. Lin L., Hou J., Ma F., Type I IFN inhibits innate IL-10 production in macrophages through histone deacetylase 11 by downregulating microRNA-145. The Journal of Immunology 2013 191 7 3896 3904
86. Wei J., Huang X., Zhang Z., MyD88 as a target of microRNA-203 in regulation of lipopolysaccharide or Bacille Calmette-Guerin induced inflammatory response of macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Molecular Immunology 2013 55 3-4 303 309
87. Huang R.-S., Hu G.-Q., Lin B., Lin Z.-Y., Sun C.-C., Microrna-155 silencing enhances inflammatory response and lipid uptake in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages. Journal of Investigative Medicine 2010 58 8 961 967 2-s2.0-78651517001 10.231/JIM. 0b013e3181ff46d7
88. Wendlandt E. B., Graff J. W., Gioannini T. L., McCaffrey A. P., Wilson M. E., The role of MicroRNAs miR-200b and miR-200c in TLR4 signaling and NF- κ B activation. Innate Immunity 2012 18 6 846 855
89. Ahmed F., Shiraishi T., Vessella R. L., Kulkarni P., Tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor-4: an adapter protein overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer is regulated by microRNA-29a. Oncology Reports 2013 30 6 2963 2968
90. Horwood N. J., Mahon T., McDaid J. P., Campbell J., Mano H., Brennan F. M., Webster D., Foxwell B. M. J., Bruton's tyrosine kinase is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor α production. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2003 197 12 1603 1611 2-s2.0-0038544296 10.1084/jem.20021845 (Pubitemid 36745336)
91. Li T., Morgan M. J., Choksi S., Zhang Y., Kim Y.-S., Liu Z.-G., MicroRNAs modulate the noncanonical transcription factor NF- B pathway by regulating expression of the kinase IKK α during macrophage differentiation. Nature Immunology 2010 11 9 799 805 2-s2.0-77955924350 10.1038/ni.1918
92. Lai L., Song Y., Liu Y., MicroRNA-92a negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)- triggered inflammatory response in macrophages by targeting MKK4 kinase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013 288 11 7956 7967
93. Qi J., Qiao Y., Wang P., Li S., Zhao W., Gao C., MicroRNA-210 negatively regulates LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines by targeting NF- B1 in murine macrophages. FEBS Letters 2012 586 8 1201 1207 2-s2.0-84859891062 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.011
94. Garg M., Potter J. A., Abrahams V. M., Identification of microRNAs that regulate TLR2-mediated trophoblast apoptosis and inhibition of IL-6 mRNA. PLoS One 2013 8 10 e77249
95. Zhang M., Liu Q., Mi S., Liang X., Zhang Z., Su X., Liu J., Chen Y., Wang M., Zhang Y., Guo F., Zhang Z., Yang R., Both miR-17-5p and miR-20a alleviate suppressive potential of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by modulating STAT3 expression. Journal of Immunology 2011 186 8 4716 4724 2-s2.0-79955022118 10.4049/jimmunol.1002989
96. Quinn S. R., Mangan N. E., Caffrey B. E., The role of Ets2 transcription factor in the induction of MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) by lipopolysaccharide and its targeting by interleukin-10. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014 289 7 4316 4325
97. Jing Q., Huang S., Guth S., Zarubin T., Motoyama A., Chen J., Di Padova F., Lin S.-C., Gram H., Han J., Involvement of MicroRNA in AU-Rich Element-Mediated mRNA Instability. Cell 2005 120 5 623 634 2-s2.0-20044388720 10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.038 (Pubitemid 40343075)
98. Li Y., Fan X., He X., MicroRNA-466l inhibits antiviral innate immune response by targeting interferon-alpha. Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012 9 6 495 502
99. Witwer K. W., Sisk J. M., Gama L., Clements J. E., MicroRNA regulation of IFN- β protein expression: rapid and sensitive modulation of the innate immune response. Journal of Immunology 2010 184 5 2369 2376 2-s2.0-77951932396 10.4049/jimmunol.0902712
100. Rossato M., Curtale G., Tamassia N., IL-10-induced microRNA-187 negatively regulates TNF-, IL-6, and IL-12p40 production in TLR4-stimulated monocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 109 45 E3101 E3110
101. El Gazzar M., McCall C. E., MicroRNAs distinguish translational from transcriptional silencing during endotoxin tolerance. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010 285 27 20940 20951 2-s2.0-77954225513 10.1074/jbc.M110.115063
102. Vasudevan S., Steitz J. A., AU-Rich-Element-Mediated upregulation of translation by FXR1 and argonaute 2. Cell 2007 128 6 1105 1118 2-s2.0-33947262696 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.038 (Pubitemid 46427873)
103. Xu Z., Xiao S.-B., Xu P., Xie Q., Cao L., Wang D., Luo R., Zhong Y., Chen H.-C., Fang L.-R., miR-365, a novel negative regulator of interleukin-6 gene expression, is cooperatively regulated by Sp1 and NF- B. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2011 286 24 21401 21412 2-s2.0-79958703380 10.1074/jbc.M110.198630
104. Sun Y., Varambally S., Maher C. A., Cao Q., Chockley P., Toubai T., Malter C., Nieves E., Tawara I., Wang Y., Ward P. A., Chinnaiyan A., Reddy P., Targeting of microRNA-142-3p in dendritic cells regulates endotoxin-induced mortality. Blood 2011 117 23 6172 6183 2-s2.0-79959387361 10.1182/blood-2010-12- 325647
105. Sharma A., Kumar M., Aich J., Hariharan M., Brahmachari S. K., Agrawal A., Ghosh B., Posttranscriptional regulation of interleukin-10 expression by hsa-miR-106a. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009 106 14 5761 5766 2-s2.0-65249155995 10.1073/pnas. 0808743106
106. Ma F., Liu X., Li D., Wang P., Li N., Lu L., Cao X., MicroRNA-466l upregulates IL-10 expression in TLR-triggered macrophages by antagonizing RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin-mediated IL-10 mRNA degradation. Journal of Immunology 2010 184 11 6053 6059 2-s2.0-77953411618 10.4049/jimmunol.0902308
107. Lu T. X., Munitz A., Rothenberg M. E., MicroRNA-21 is up-regulated in allergic airway inflammation and regulates IL-12p35 expression. Journal of Immunology 2009 182 8 4994 5002 2-s2.0-65249106172 10.4049/jimmunol.0803560
108. Lu T. X., Hartner J., Lim E.-J., Fabry V., Mingler M. K., Cole E. T., Orkin S. H., Aronow B. J., Rothenberg M. E., MicroRNA-21 limits in vivo immune response-mediated activation of the IL-12/IFN-γ pathway, Th1 polarization, and the severity of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Journal of Immunology 2011 187 6 3362 3373 2-s2.0-80053074068 10.4049/jimmunol.1101235
109. Wu Z., Lu H., Sheng J., Li L., Inductive microRNA-21 impairs anti-mycobacterial responses by targeting IL-12 and Bcl-2. FEBS Letters 2012 586 16 2459 2467
110. Ma F., Xu S., Liu X., Zhang Q., Xu X., Liu M., Hua M., Li N., Yao H., Cao X., The microRNA miR-29 controls innate and adaptive immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection by targeting interferon-γ Nature Immunology 2011 12 9 861 869 2-s2.0-80052033649 10.1038/ni.2073
111. Yang H.-S., Jansen A. P., Komar A. A., Zheng X., Merrick W. C., Costes S., Lockett S. J., Sonenberg N., Colburn N. H., The transformation suppressor Pdcd4 is a novel eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A binding protein that inhibits translation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2003 23 1 26 37 2-s2.0-0037216626 10.1128/MCB.23.1.26-37.2003 (Pubitemid 36008498)
112. Loh P. G., Yang H.-S., Walsh M. A., Wang Q., Wang X., Cheng Z., Liu D., Song H., Structural basis for translational inhibition by the tumour suppressor Pdcd4. The EMBO Journal 2009 28 3 274 285 2-s2.0-59649094064 10.1038/emboj.2008.278
113. Sun Y., Cai J., Ma F., Lü P., Huang H., Zhou J., miR-155 mediates suppressive effect of progesterone on TLR3, TLR4-triggered immune response. Immunology Letters 2012 146 1-2 25 30
114. Liu X., Zhan Z., Xu L., Ma F., Li D., Guo Z., Li N., Cao X., MicroRNA-148/152 impair innate response and antigen presentation of TLR-triggered dendritic cells by targeting CaMKII α Journal of Immunology 2010 185 12 7244 7251 2-s2.0-78650645817 10.4049/jimmunol.1001573
115. Zhao J., Gong A.-Y., Zhou R., Liu J., Eischeid A. N., Chen X.-M., Downregulation of PCAF by miR-181a/b provides feedback regulation to TNF- α -induced transcription of proinflammatory genes in liver epithelial cells. Journal of Immunology 2012 188 3 1266 1274 2-s2.0-84856567553 10.4049/jimmunol.1101976
116. Triboulet R., Mari B., Lin Y.-L., Chable-Bessia C., Bennasser Y., Lebrigand K., Cardinaud B., Maurin T., Barbry P., Baillat V., Reynes J., Corbeau P., Jeang K.-T., Benkirane M., Suppression of MicroRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication. Science 2007 315 5818 1579 1582 2-s2.0-33947385291 10.1126/science.1136319 (Pubitemid 46449475)
117. Hu G., Zhou R., Liu J., Gong A.-Y., Chen X.-M., MicroRNA-98 and let-7 regulate expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 in biliary epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010 202 1 125 135 2-s2.0-77953688418 10.1086/653212
118. Sonkoly E., Wei T., Janson P. C. J., Sääf A., Lundeberg L., Tengvall-Linder M., Norstedt G., Alenius H., Homey B., Scheynius A., Ståhle M., Pivarcsi A., MicroRNAs: novel regulators involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis? PloS One 2007 2 7 e610 2-s2.0-77951233965
119. Qing-Yuan Z., Qin L., Jian-Xia C., Ke L., Bao-Xue G., MicroRNA-101 targets MAPK phosphatase-1 to regulate the activation of MAPKs in macrophages. Journal of Immunology 2010 185 12 7435 7442 2-s2.0-78650643190 10.4049/jimmunol.1000798
120. Foley N. H., O'Neill L. A. F., MiR-107: a toll-like receptor-regulated miRNA dysregulated in obesity and type II diabetes. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2012 92 3 521 527
121. Kutty R. K., Nagineni C. N., Samuel W., Differential regulation of microRNA-146a and microRNA-146b-5p in human retinal pigment epithelial cells by interleukin-1 β tumor necrosis factor- α and interferon-γ Molecular Vision 2013 19 737 750
122. Chen R., Alvero A. B., Silasi D. A., Kelly M. G., Fest S., Visintin I., Leiser A., Schwartz P. E., Rutherford T., Mor G., Regulation of IKK β by miR-199a affects NF- B activity in ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 2008 27 34 4712 4723 2-s2.0-49149091917 10.1038/onc.2008.112
123. Dai L., Gu L., Di W., MiR-199a attenuates endometrial stromal cell invasiveness through suppression of the IKK β /nf- b pathway and reduced interleukin-8 expression. Molecular Human Reproduction 2012 18 3 136 145 2-s2.0-84857610818 10.1093/molehr/gar066 gar066
124. Martinez N. J., Walhout A. J. M., The interplay between transcription factors and microRNAs in genome-scale regulatory networks. BioEssays 2009 31 4 435 445 2-s2.0-65449151411 10.1002/bies.200800212
125. Filipowicz W., Bhattacharyya S. N., Sonenberg N., Mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs: are the answers in sight? Nature Reviews Genetics 2008 9 2 102 114 2-s2.0-38349169664 10.1038/nrg2290
126. Asirvatham A. J., Gregorie C. J., Hu Z., Magner W. J., Tomasi T. B., MicroRNA targets in immune genes and the Dicer/Argonaute and ARE machinery components. Molecular Immunology 2008 45 7 1995 2006 2-s2.0-38949171376 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.035 (Pubitemid 351226272)
127. Asirvatham A. J., Magner W. J., Tomasi T. B., miRNA regulation of cytokine genes. Cytokine 2009 45 2 58 69 2-s2.0-59249102886 10.1016/j.cyto.2008. 11.010
128. Liu X., Rennard S. I., MicroRNA and cytokines. Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology 2011 3 3 143 151 2-s2.0-84855464231 10.4255/mcpharmacol.11.19
129. Wang P., Gu Y., Zhang Q., Identification of resting and type I IFN-activated human NK cell miRNomes reveals microRNA-378 and microRNA-30e as negative regulators of NK cell cytotoxicity. The Journal of Immunology 2012 189 1 211 221
130. Papadopoulou A. S., Dooley J., Linterman M. A., Pierson W., Ucar O., Kyewski B., Zuklys S., Hollander G. A., Matthys P., Gray D. H. D., De Strooper B., Liston A., The thymic epithelial microRNA network elevates the threshold for infection-associated thymic involution via miR-29a mediated suppression of the IFN- α receptor. Nature Immunology 2012 13 2 181 187 2-s2.0-84855931651 10.1038/ni.2193
131. Nahid M. A., Pauley K. M., Satoh M., Chan E. K. L., miR-146a is critical for endotoxin-induced tolerance: implication in innate immunity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2009 284 50 34590 34599 2-s2.0-71749096218 10.1074/jbc.M109.056317
132. Li S. J., Chen Z., Zhu H. H., Influence of miR-122 on IFN-alpha treatment for HCV infection. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2011 40 6 588 592
133. Haneklaus M., Gerlic M., Kurowska-Stolarska M., Cutting edge: miR-223 and EBV miR-BART15 regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1beta production. Journal of Immunology 2012 189 8 3795 3799
134. Bauernfeind F., Rieger A., Schildberg F. A., NLRP3 inflammasome activity is negatively controlled by miR-223. Journal of Immunology 2012 189 8 4175 4181
135. Pfeffer S., Zavolan M., Grässer F. A., Chien H., Russo J. J., Ju J., John B., Enright A. J., Marks D., Sander C., Tuschl T., Identification of virus-encoded MicroRNAs. Science 2004 304 5671 734 736 2-s2.0-2342420041 10.1126/science.1096781 (Pubitemid 38560879)
136. Grassmann R., Jeang K.-T., The roles of microRNAs in mammalian virus infection. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 2008 1779 11 706 711 2-s2.0-55049086337 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.05.005
137. Skalsky R. L., Cullen B. R., Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions. Annual Review of Microbiology 2010 64 123 141 2-s2.0-77957938117 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134243
138. Grundhoff A., Sullivan C. S., Virus-encoded microRNAs. Virology 2011 411 2 325 343 2-s2.0-79952070466 10.1016/j.virol.2011.01.002
139. Abend J. R., Ramalingam D., Kieffer-Kwon P., Uldrick T. S., Yarchoan R., Ziegelbauer J. M., Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microRNAs target IRAK1 and MYD88, two components of the toll-like receptor/interleukin-1R signaling cascade, to reduce inflammatory-cytokine expression. Journal of Virology 2012 86 21 11663 11674
140. Kincaid R. P., Sullivan C. S., Virus-encoded microRNAs: an overview and a look to the future. PLoS Pathogens 2012 8 12 e1003018
141. Cullen B. R., MicrorNAs as mediators of viral evasion of the immune system. Nature Immunology 2013 14 3 205 210
142. Fabbri M., Paone A., Calore F., MicroRNAs bind to Toll-like receptors to induce prometastatic inflammatory response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 109 31 E2110 E2116
143. Lehmann S. M., Kruger C., Park B., An unconventional role for miRNA: let-7 activates Toll-like receptor 7 and causes neurodegeneration. Nature Neuroscience 2012 15 6 827 835
144. Fabbri M., TLRs as miRNA receptors. Cancer Research 2012 72 24 6333 6337
145. Fabbri M., Paone A., Calore F., Galli R., Croce C. M., A new role for microRNAs, as ligands of Toll-like receptors. RNA Biology 2013 10 2 1 6
146. Chen X., Liang H. W., Zhang J. F., Zen K., Zhang C. Y., microRNAs are ligands of Toll-like receptors. RNA 2013 19 6 737 739