MicroRNA regulation of innate immune responses in epithelial cells

Cellular and Molecular Immunology

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 371-379

  Zhou, Rui ^a   O'Hara, Steven P ^b   Chen, Xian Ming ^a  

^a CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

epithelial cells; immune responses; miRNAs; posttranscriptional regulation; TLRs

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; ENDOTHELIAL LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE 1; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; LET 7I; MICRORNA; MICRORNA 125B; MICRORNA 146A; MICRORNA 155; MICRORNA 16; MICRORNA 21; MICRORNA 23B; MICRORNA 27B; MICRORNA 301A; MICRORNA 30B; MICRORNA 9; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PROTEIN P68; PROTEIN P72; RNA BINDING PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

BIOGENESIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; EPITHELIUM CELL; EXOSOME; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; CYTOKINES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; FEEDBACK, PHYSIOLOGICAL; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; IMMUNITY, MUCOSAL; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MICE; MICRORNAS; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; NF-KAPPA B; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 80052440185     PISSN: 16727681     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2011.19     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Viswanathan VK, Hecht G. Innate immunity and the gut. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2000; 16: 546-551 (Pubitemid 32511243)
2. Akira S, Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 2004; 4: 499-511 (Pubitemid 38931765)
3. Kobayashi KS, Flavell RA. Shielding the double-edged sword: negative regulation of the innate immune system. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 75: 428-433 (Pubitemid 38316373)
4. Chen XM, O'Hara SP, LaRusso NF. The immunobiology of cholangiocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 86: 497-505
5. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 2004; 116: 281-297
6. Ambros V. The functions of animal microRNAs. Nature 2004; 431: 350-355 (Pubitemid 39265675)
7. Krol J, Loedige I, Filipowicz W. The widespread regulation of microRNA biogenesis, function and decay. Nat Rev Genet 2010; 11: 597-610.
8. Liu J, Drescher KM, Chen XM. MicroRNAs and epithelial Immunity. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28: 139-154
9. Lee Y, Kim M, Han J, Yeom KH, Lee S, Baek SH et al. MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. EMBO J 2004; 23: 4051-4060. (Pubitemid 39472426)
10. Winter J, Jung S, Keller S, Gregory RI, Diederichs S. Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11: 228-234
11. Kozomara A, Griffiths-Jones S. miRBase: integrating microRNA annotation and deepsequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39: D152-D157
12. Davis BN, Hata A. Regulation of MicroRNA biogenesis: a miRiad of mechanisms. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7: 18
13. Saini HK, Griffiths-Jones S, Enright AJ. Genomic analysis of human microRNA transcripts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 17719-17724 (Pubitemid 350210901)
14. Rodriguez A, Griffiths-Jones S, Ashurst JL, Bradley A. Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units. Genome Res 2004; 14: 1902-1910. (Pubitemid 39386503)
15. Li X, Liu J, Zhou R, Huang S, Huang S, Chen XM. Gene silencing of MIR22 in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia involves histone modifications independent of promoter DNA methylation. Br J Haematol 2010; 148: 69-79
16. Corcoran DL, Pandit KV, Gordon B, Bhattacharjee A, Kaminski N, Benos PV. Features of mammalian microRNA promoters emerge from polymerase II chromtatin immunoprecipitation data. PLoS One 2009; 4: e5279
17. Altuvia Y, Landgraf P, Lithwick G, Elefant N, Pfeffer S, Aravin A et al. Clustering and conservation patterns of human microRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33: 2697-2706 (Pubitemid 41511287)
18. Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, Hyslop T, Noch E, Yendamuri S et al. Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 2999-3004 (Pubitemid 38327724)
19. Yu J, Wang F, Yang GH, Wang FL, Ma YN, Du ZW et al. Human microRNA clusters: genomic organization and expression profile in leukemia cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349: 59-68 (Pubitemid 44331762)
20. kB signaling. Cell 2008; 132: 344-362
21. Han J, Ulevitch RJ. Limiting inflammatory responses during activation of innate immunity. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 1198-1205 (Pubitemid 43045628)
22. Harada K, Ohira S, Isse K, Ozaki S, Zen Y, Sato Y et al. Lipopolysaccharide activates nuclear factor-kappaB through Toll-like receptors and related molecules in cultured biliary epithelial cells. Lab Invest 2003; 83: 1657-1667 (Pubitemid 37421106)
23. Poppelmann B, Klimmek K, Strozyk E, Voss R, Schwarz T, Kulms D. NFkappaBdependent down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated proteins contributes to interleukin-1-mediated enhancement of ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 15635-15643 (Pubitemid 40616681)
24. Kim S, Domon-Dell C, Kang J, Chung DH, Freund JN, Evers BM. Down-regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by the tumor necrosis factor-alpha/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-inducing kinase/NF-kappaB pathway is linked to a default IkappaBalpha autoregulatory loop. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 4285-4291 (Pubitemid 38199016)
25. Taganov KD, Boldin MP, Chang KJ, Baltimore D. NF-kappaB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 12481-12486 (Pubitemid 44267285)
26. Jennewein C, von Knethen A, Schmid T, Brüne B. MicroRNA-27b contributes to lipopolysaccharide-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) mRNA destabilization. J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 11846-11853
27. Bazzoni F, Rossato M, Fabbri M, Gaudiosi D, Mirolo M, Mori L et al. Induction and regulatory function of miR-9 in human monocytes and neutrophils exposed to proinflammatory signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 5282-5287
28. O'Connell RM, Taganov KD, Boldin MP, Cheng G, Baltimore D. MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 1604-1609 (Pubitemid 46214637)
29. Gatto G, Rossi A, Rossi D, Kroening S, Bonatti S, Mallardo M. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 trans-activates miR-155 transcription through the NF-kappaB pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36: 6608-6619
30. Perry MM, Moschos SA, Williams AE, Shepherd NJ, Larner-Svensson HM, Lindsay MA. Rapid changes in microRNA-146a expression negatively regulate the IL-1betainduced inflammatory response in human lung alveolar epithelial cells. J Immunol 2008; 180: 5689-5698
31. Cameron JE, Yin Q, Fewell C, Lacey M, McBride J, Wang X et al. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces cellular MicroRNA miR-146a, a modulator of lymphocyte signaling pathways. J Virol 2008; 82: 1946-1958 (Pubitemid 351206940)
32. kB targets miR-16 and miR-21 in gastric cancer: involvement of prostaglandin E receptors. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32: 240-245
33. kB activator in pancreatic cancer cells. EMBO J 2011; 30: 57-67
34. Zhou R, Hu G, Gong AY, Chen XM. Binding of NF-kappaB p65 subunit to the promoter elements is involved in LPS-induced transactivation of miRNA genes in human biliary epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38: 3222-3232
35. Zhou R, Hu G, Liu J, Gong AY, Drescher KM, Chen XM. NF-kappaB p65-dependent transactivation of miRNA genes following Cryptosporidium parvum infection stimulates epithelial cell immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5: e1000681
36. O'Hara SP, Splinter PL, Gajdos GB, Trussoni CE, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Chen XM et al. NFkappaB p50-CCA-A*T/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta)-mediated transcriptional repression of microRNA let-7i following microbial infection. J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 216-225
37. Liu S, Wu LC, Pang J, Santhanam R, Schwind S, Wu YZ et al. Sp1/NFkappaB/HDAC/ miR-29b regulatory network in KIT-driven myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 2010; 17: 333-347
38. kB-YY1-miR-29 Regulatory circuitry in skeletal myogenesis and rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Cell 2008; 14: 369-381
39. Whitmarsh AJ, Davis RJ. Transcription factor AP-1 regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways. J Mol Med 1996; 74: 589-607 (Pubitemid 26343761)
40. Fujita S, Ito T, Mizutani T, Minoguchi S, Yamamichi N, Sakurai K et al. miR-21 Gene expression triggered by AP-1 is sustained through a double-negative feedback mechanism. J Mol Biol 2008; 378: 492-504
41. Misawa A, Katayama R, Koike S, Tomida A, Watanabe T, Fujita N. AP-1-Dependent miR-21 expression contributes to chemoresistance in cancer stem cell-like SP cells. Oncol Res 2010; 19: 23-33
42. Shao M, Rossi S, Chelladurai B, Shimizu M, Ntukogu O, Ivan M et al. PDGF induced microRNA alterations in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39: 4035-4047
43. Yin Q, Wang X, McBride J, Fewell C, Flemington E. B-cell receptor activation induces BIC/miR-155 expression through a conserved AP-1 element. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 2654-2662
44. Oneyama C, Ikeda J, Okuzaki D, Suzuki K, Kanou T, Shintani Y et al. MicroRNAmediated downregulation of mTOR/FGFR3 controls tumor growth induced by Srcrelated oncogenic pathways. Oncogene 2011; in press.
45. Ding XC, Weiler J, Grosshans H. Regulating the regulators: mechanisms controlling the maturation of microRNAs. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27: 27-36
46. Fukuda T, Yamagata K, Fujiyama S, Matsumoto T, Koshida I, YoshimuraKet al. DEADbox RNA helicase subunits of the Drosha complex are required for processing of rRNA and a subset of microRNAs. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9: 604-611 (Pubitemid 46696543)
47. Davis BN, Hilyard AC, Lagna G, Hata A. SMAD proteins control DROSHA-mediated microRNA maturation. Nature 2008; 454: 56-61 (Pubitemid 351931982)
48. Guil S, Caceres JF. The multifunctional RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 is required for processing of miR-18a. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007; 14: 591-596 (Pubitemid 47037061)
49. Michlewski G, Guil S, Semple CA, Caceres JF. Posttranscriptional regulation of miRNAs harboring conserved terminal loops. Mol Cell 2008; 32: 383-393
50. Shimada N, Rios I, Moran H, Sayers B, Hubbard K. p38 MAP kinase dependent regulation of the expression level and subcellular distribution of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 and its involvement in cellular senescence in normal human fibroblasts. RNA Biol 2009; 6: 293-304
51. Trabucchi M, Briata P, Garcia-Mayoral M, HA-Ase AD, Filipowicz W, Ramos A et al. The RNA-binding protein KSRP promotes the biogenesis of a subset of microRNAs. Nature 2009; 459: 1010-1014
52. Ruggiero T, Trabucchi M, de Santa F, Zupo S, Harfe BD, McManus MT et al. LPS induces KH-type splicing regulatory protein-dependent processing of microRNA-155 precursors in macrophages. FASEB J 2009; 23: 2898-2908
53. Dean JL, Sully G, Clark AR, Saklatvala J. The involvement of AU-rich element-binding proteins in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-mediated mRNA stabilisation. Cell Signal 2004; 16: 1113-1121 (Pubitemid 38900514)
54. Melo SA, Ropero S, Moutinho C, A-Altonen LA, Yamamoto H, Calin GA et al. A TARBP2 mutation in human cancer impairs microRNA processing and DICER1 function. Nat Genet 2009; 41: 365-370.
55. Paroo Z, Ye X, Chen S, Liu Q. Phosphorylation of the human microRNA-generating complex mediates MAPK/Erk signaling. Cell 2009; 139: 112-122
56. Melo S, Villanueva A, Moutinho C, Davalos V, Spizzo R, Ivan C et al. Small molecule enoxacin is a cancer-specific growth inhibitor that acts by enhancing TAR RNAbinding protein 2-mediated microRNA processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108: 4394-4399
57. Asirvatham AJ, Gregorie CJ, Hu Z, Magner WJ, Tomasi TB. MicroRNA targets in immune genes and the Dicer/Argonaute and ARE machinery components. Mol Immunol 2008; 45: 1995-2006 (Pubitemid 351226272)
58. Tili E, Michaille JJ, Cimino A, Costinean S, Dumitru CD, Adair B et al. Modulation of miR-155 and miR-125b levels following lipopolysaccharide/TNFalpha stimulation and their possible roles in regulating the response to endotoxin shock. J Immunol 2007; 179: 5082-5089
59. Jing Q, Huang S, Guth S, Zarubin T, Motoyama A, Chen J et al. Involvement of microRNA in AU-rich element-mediated mRNA instability. Cell 2005; 120: 623-634 (Pubitemid 40343075)
60. Witwer KW, Sisk JM, Gama L, Clements JE. MicroRNA regulation of IFN-beta protein expression: rapid and sensitive modulation of the innate immune response. J Immunol 2010; 184: 2369-2376
61. Ueda R, Kohanbash G, Sasaki K, Fujita M, Zhu X, Kastenhuber ER et al. Dicerregulated microRNAs 222 and 339 promote resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by down-regulation of ICAM-1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 10746-10751
62. Kawahigashi Y, Mishima T, Mizuguchi Y, Arima Y, Yokomuro S, Kanda T et al. MicroRNA profiling of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines reveals biliary epithelial cell-specific microRNAs. J Nippon Med Sch 2009; 76: 188-197
63. Hu G, Gong AY, Liu J, Zhou R, Deng C, Chen XM. miR-221 suppresses ICAM-1 translation and regulates interferon-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in human cholangiocytes. Am J Physiol 2010; 298: 542-550.
64. Suárez Y, Wang C, Manes TD, Pober JS. Cutting edge: TNF-induced microRNAs regulate TNF-induced expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 on human endothelial cells: feedback control of inflammation. J Immunol 2010; 184: 21-25
65. Harris TA, Yamakuchi M, Ferlito M, Mendell JT, Lowenstein CJ. MicroRNA-126 regulates endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 1516-1521 (Pubitemid 351346546)
66. Gong AY, Zhou R, Hu G, Li X, Splinter PL, O'Hara SP et al. MicroRNA-513 regulates B7-H1 translation and is involved in interferon-gamma-induced B7-H1 expression in cholangiocytes. J Immunol 2009; 182: 1325-1333
67. Gong AY, Zhou R, Hu G, Liu J, Sosnowska D, Drescher KM et al. Cryptosporidium parvum induces B7-H1 expression in cholangiocytes by down-regulating microRNA- 513 J Infect Dis 2010; 201: 160-169
68. Valadi H, Ekström K, Bossios A, Sjöstrand M, Lee JJ, Lö tvall JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9: 654-659 (Pubitemid 47214727)
69. Hunter MP, Ismail N, Zhang X, Aguda BD, Lee EJ, Yu L et al. Detection of microRNA expression in human peripheral blood microvesicles. PLoS One 2008; 3: e3694
70. Kesimer M, Scull M, Brighton B, DeMaria G, Burns K, O'NealWet al. Characterization of exosome-like vesicles released from human tracheobronchial ciliated epithelium: a possible role in innate defense. FASEB J 2009; 23: 1858-1868
71. Ohshima K, Inoue K, Fujiwara A, Hatakeyama K, Kanto K, Watanabe Y et al. Let-7 microRNA family is selectively secreted into the extracellular environment via exosomes in a metastatic gastric cancer cell line. PLoS One 2010; 5: e13247
72. Otsuka M, Jing Q, Georgel P, New L, Chen J, Mols J et al. Hypersusceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus infection in Dicer1-deficient mice is due to impaired miR24 and miR93 expression. Immunity 2007; 27: 123-134 (Pubitemid 47089021)
73. Pedersen IM, Cheng G, Wieland S, Volinia S, Croce CM, Chisari FV et al. Interferon modulation of cellular microRNAs as an antiviral mechanism. Nature 2007; 449: 919-922 (Pubitemid 47598616)
74. Ahluwalia JK, Khan SZ, Soni K, Rawat P, Gupta A, Hariharan M et al. Human cellular microRNA hsa-miR-29a interferes with viral nef protein expression and HIV-1 replication. Retrovirology 2008; 5: 117
75. + T lymphocytes. Nat Med 2007; 13: 1241-1247 (Pubitemid 47530631)
76. Lecellier CH, Dunoyer P, Arar K, Lehmann-Che J, Eyquem S, Himber C et al. A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. Science 2005; 308: 557-560. (Pubitemid 40570587)
77. Wang P, Hou J, Lin L, Wang C, Liu X, Li D et al. Inducible microRNA-155 feedback promotes type I IFN signaling in antiviral innate immunity by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Immunology 2010; 185: 6226-6233
78. Chen XM, Splinter PL, O'Hara SP, LaRusso NF. A cellular micro-RNA, let-7i, regulates Toll-like receptor 4 expression and contributes to cholangiocyte immune responses against Cryptosporidium parvum infection. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 28929-28938 (Pubitemid 47610421)
79. Jopling CL, Yi M, Lancaster AM, Lemon SM, Sarnow P. Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific MicroRNA. Science 2005; 309: 1577-1581 (Pubitemid 41266486)
80. Linnstaedt SD, Gottwein E, Skalsky RL, Luftig MA, Cullen BR. Virally induced cellular microRNA miR-155 plays a key role in B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 2010; 84: 11670-11678
81. Lagos D, Pollara G, Henderson S, Gratrix F, Fabani M, Milne RS et al. miR-132 regulates antiviral innate immunity through suppression of the p300 transcriptional co-activator. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12: 513-519
82. Triboulet R, Mari B, Lin YL, Chable-Bessia C, Bennasser Y, Lebrigand K et al. Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication. Science 2007; 315: 1579-1582 (Pubitemid 46449475)
83. Ceppi M, Pereira PM, Dunand-Sauthier I, Barras E, Reith W, Santos MA et al. MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 2735-2740.
84. Tang B, Xiao B, Liu Z, Li N, Zhu ED, Li BS et al. Identification of MyD88 as a novel target of miR-155, involved in negative regulation of Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. FEBS Lett 2010; 584: 1481-1486
85. Sheedy FJ, Palsson-McDermott E, Hennessy EJ, Martin C, O'Leary JJ, Ruan Q et al. Negative regulation of TLR4 via targeting of the proinflammatory tumor suppressor PDCD4 by the microRNA miR-21 Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 141-147
86. Hu G, Zhou R, Liu Jiu, Gong AY, Eischeid AN, Dittman JW et al. MicroRNA-98 and let- 7 confer cholangiocyte expression of cytokine-inducible Src homology 2-containing protein in response to microbial challenge. J Immunol 2009; 183: 1617-1624
87. Zhu QY, Liu Q, Chen JX, Lan K, Ge BX. MicroRNA-101 targetsMAPKphosphatase-1 to regulate the activation of MAPKs in macrophages. J Immunol 2010; 185: 7435-7442
88. ørom UA, Lund AH. Experimental identification of microRNA targets. Gene 2010; 451: 1-5
89. Leung AK, Young AG, Bhutkar A, Zheng GX, Bosson AD, Nielsen CB et al. Genomewide identification of Ago2 binding sites from mouse embryonic stem cells with and without mature microRNAs. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18: 237-244
90. Kota J, Chivukula RR, O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Montgomery CL, Hwang HW et al. Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model. Cell 2009; 137: 1005-1017
91. Sharma AD, Narain N, Händel EM, Iken M, Singhal N, Cathomen T et al. MicroRNA- 221 regulates FAS-induced fulminant liver failure. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1651-1661
92. Androulidaki A, Iliopoulos D, Arranz A, Doxaki C, Schworer S, Zacharioudaki V et al. The kinase Akt1 controls macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide by regulating microRNAs. Immunity 2009; 31: 220-231
93. Alsaleh G, Suffert G, SemA-An N, Juncker T, Frenzel L, Gottenberg JE et al. Bruton's tyrosine kinase is involved in miR-346-related regulation of IL-18 release by lipopolysaccharide-activated rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes. J Immunol 2009; 82: 5088-5097
94. El Gazzar M, McCall CE. MicroRNAs distinguish translational from transcriptional silencing during endotoxin tolerance. J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 20940-20951
95. Huang TH, Wu F, Loeb GB, Hsu R, Heidersbach A, Brincat A et al. Up-regulation of miR-21 by HER2/neu signaling promotes cell invasion. J Biol Chem 2009; 284: 18515-18524
96. Martinez-Nunez RT, Louafi F, Sanchez-Elsner T. The interleukin 13 (IL-13) pathway in human macrophages is modulated by microRNA-155 via direct targeting of interleukin 13 receptor alpha1 (IL13Ralpha1).J Biol Chem 2011; 286: 1786-1794
97. Yin Q, McBride J, Fewell C, Lacey M, Wang X, Lin Z et al. MicroRNA-155 is an Epstein- Barr virus-induced gene that modulates Epstein-Barr virus-regulated gene expression pathways. J Virol 2008; 82: 5295-5306 (Pubitemid 351705237)
98. Worm J, Stenvang J, Petri A, Frederiksen KS, Obad S, Elmén J et al. Silencing of microRNA-155 in mice during acute inflammatory response leads to derepression of C/EBPb and down-regulation of G-CSF. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37: 5784-5792
99. Schembri F, Sridhar S, Perdomo C, Gustafson AM, Zhang X, Ergun A et al. MicroRNAs as modulators of smoking-induced gene expression changes in human airway epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 2319-2324
100. Sonkoly E, Wei T, Janson PC, Sääf A, Lundeberg L, Tengvall-Linder M et al. MicroRNAs: novel regulators involved in the pathogenesis of Psoriasis? PLoS One 2007; 2: e610
101. Wu F, Zikusoka M, Trindade A, Dassopoulos T, Harris ML, Bayless TM et al. MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in ulcerative colitis and alter expression of macrophage inflammatory peptide-2 alpha. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1624-1635
102. Hu G, Zhou R, Liu J, Gong AY, Chen XM. MicroRNA-98 and let-7 regulate expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 in biliary epithelial cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum infection. J Infect Dis 2010; 202: 125-135
103. Oglesby IK, Bray IM, Chotirmall SH, Stallings RL, O'Neill SJ, McElvaney NG et al. miR-126 is downregulated in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells and regulates TOM1 expression. J Immunol 2010; 184: 1702-1709