A critical comparison of protein microarray fabrication technologies

Analyst

Volumn 139, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1303-1326

  Romanov, Valentin ^a   Davidoff, S Nikki ^a   Miles, Adam R ^a   Grainger, David W ^b,c   Gale, Bruce K ^a,b   Brooks, Benjamin D ^a  

^a Wasatch Microfluidics   (United States)

^b University of Utah   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEVICES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROTECHNOLOGY; PRINTING; PROCEDURES; PROTEIN MICROARRAY;

EQUIPMENT DESIGN; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROTECHNOLOGY; PRINTING; PROTEIN ARRAY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84894281703     PISSN: 00032654     EISSN: 13645528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c3an01577g     Document Type: Article

References (197)

1. H. Chandra, P. J. Reddy, S. Srivastava: Protein microarrays and novel detection platforms. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2011 8:61-79.
2. H. Sun, G. Y. Chen, S. Q. Yao: Recent Advances in Microarray Technologies for Proteomics. Chem. Biol., 2013 20:685-699.
3. J. -R. Lee, D. M. Magee, R. S. Gaster, J. LaBaer, S. X. Wang: Emerging protein array technologies for proteomics. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2013 10:65-75.
4. E. Phizicky, P. I. Bastiaens, H. Zhu, M. Snyder, S. Fields: Protein analysis on a proteomic scale. Nature, 2003 422:208-215.
5. T. Kodadek: Protein microarrays: prospects and problems. Chem. Biol., 2001 8:105-115.
6. R. Wellhausen, H. Seitz: Facing Current Quantification Challenges in Protein Microarrays. J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2012 2012:1-8.
7. M. F. Templin, et al., Protein microarray technology. Drug Discovery Today, 2002 7:815-822.
8. A. Aguilar-Mahecha, S. Hassan, C. Ferrario, M. Basik: Microarrays as validation strategies in clinical samples: tissue and protein microarrays. OMICS, 2006 10:311-326.
9. X. Zhang: Biomarker validation: movement towards personalized medicine. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 2007 7:469-471.
10. D. A. Hall, J. Ptacek, M. Snyder: Protein microarray technology. Mech. Ageing Dev., 2007 128:161-167.
11. O. Stoevesandt, M. J. Taussig, M. He: Protein microarrays: high-throughput tools for proteomics. Expert Rev. Proteomics, 2009 6:145-157.
12. J. S. Merkel, G. A. Michaud, M. Salcius, B. Schweitzer, P. F. Predki: Functional protein microarrays: just how functional are they?. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2005 16:447-452.
13. H. R. C. Dietrich, et al., Nanoarrays: a method for performing enzymatic assays. Anal. Chem., 2004 76:4112-4117.
14. H. Zhu, M. Snyder: Protein chip technology. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2003 7:55-63.
15. D. Hamelinck, et al., Optimized normalization for antibody microarrays and application to serum-protein profiling. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2005 4:773-784.
16. M. Sanchez-Carbayo, N. D. Socci, J. J. Lozano, B. B. Haab, C. Cordon-Cardo: Profiling bladder cancer using targeted antibody arrays. Am. J. Pathol., 2006 168:93-103.
17. M. Hartmann, et al., Expanding assay dynamics: a combined competitive and direct assay system for the quantification of proteins in multiplexed immunoassays. Clin. Chem., 2008 54:956-963.
18. C. P. Paweletz, et al., Reverse phase protein microarrays which capture disease progression show activation of pro-survival pathways at the cancer invasion front. Oncogene, 2001 20:1981-1989.
19. D. Geho, et al., Pegylated, steptavidin-conjugated quantum dots are effective detection elements for reverse-phase protein microarrays. Bioconjugate Chem., 2005 16:559-566.
20. M. Janzi, et al., Serum microarrays for large scale screening of protein levels. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2005 4:1942-1947.
21. P. Angenendt: Progress in protein and antibody microarray technology. Drug Discovery Today, 2005 10:503-511.
22. L. Berrade, A. E. Garcia, J. A. Camarero: Protein Microarrays: Novel Developments and Applications. Pharm. Res., 2011 28:1480-1499.
23. A. Guo and X. Zhu: The critical role of surface chemistry in protein microarrays, Chapter 4 in Functional Protein Microarrays in Drug Discovery, ed. P. Predki, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2007, pp. 53-71.
24. P. Wu, D. W. Grainger: Toward immobilized antibody microarray optimization: print buffer and storage condition comparisons on performance. Biomed. Sci. Instrum., 2004 40:243.
25. P. Wu, D. G. Castner, D. W. Grainger: Diagnostic devices as biomaterials: a review of nucleic acid and protein microarray surface performance issues. J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed., 2008 19:725-753.
26. P. Gong, D. W. Grainger: Nonfouling surfaces: a review of principles and applications for microarray capture assay designs. Methods Mol. Biol., 2007 381:59-92.
27. J. Austin and A. H. Holway, in Protein Microarrays, ed. U. Korf, Humana Press, 2011, pp. 379-394, http://link.springer.com/protocol/10. 1007/978-1-61779-286-1_25.
28. T. Martinsky: Protein microarray manufacturing. PharmaGenomics, 2004 2:42-46.
29. Y. Lee, et al., ProteoChip: A highly sensitive protein microarray prepared by a novel method of protein immobilization for application of protein-protein interaction studies. Proteomics, 2003 3:2289-2304.
30. H. Sontrop, P. Moerland, R. van den Ham, M. Reinders, W. Verhaegh: A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of microarray breast cancer classification under feature variability. BMC Bioinf., 2009 10:389.
31. A. K. Drukier, et al., High-Sensitivity Blood-Based Detection of Breast Cancer by Multi Photon Detection Diagnostic Proteomics. J. Proteome Res., 2006 5:1906-1915.
32. A. L. Hook, H. Thissen, N. H. Voelcker: Advanced substrate fabrication for cell microarrays. Biomacromolecules, 2009 10:573-579.
33. I. Barbulovic-Nad, et al., Bio-microarray fabrication techniques-a review. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 2006 26:237-259.
34. W. Kusnezow, J. D. Hoheisel: Solid supports for microarray immunoassays. J. Mol. Recognit., 2003 16:165-176.
35. R. P. Ekins: Ligand assays: from electrophoresis to miniaturized microarrays. Clin. Chem., 1998 44:2015-2030.
36. F. Kong, L. Yuan, Y. F. Zheng, W. Chen: Automatic Liquid Handling for Life Science A Critical Review of the Current State of the Art. J. Lab. Autom., 2012 17:169-185.
37. D. W. Grainger, C. H. Greef, P. Gong, M. J. Lochhead: Current microarray surface chemistries. Methods Mol. Biol., 2007 381:37-57.
38. M. Schena, D. Shalon, R. W. Davis, P. O. Brown: Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science, 1995 270:467-470.
39. G. Arrabito, B. Pignataro: Solution Processed Micro-and Nano-Bioarrays for Multiplexed Biosensing. Anal. Chem., 2012 84:5450-5462.
40. S. Hu, Z. Xie, J. Qian, S. Blackshaw, H. Zhu: Functional protein microarray technology. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Syst. Biol. Med., 2011 3:255-268.
41. R. Safavieh, M. P. Roca, M. A. Qasaimeh, M. Mirzaei, D. Juncker: Straight SU-8 pins. J. Micromech. Microeng., 2010 20:055001.
42. A. L. Hook, et al., High throughput methods applied in biomaterial development and discovery. Biomaterials, 2010 31:187-198.
43. D. Wu, L. Song, K. Chen, F. Liu: Modelling and hydrostatic analysis of contact printing microarrays by quill pins. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2012 54:206-212.
44. Y. Fang: Air stability of supported lipid membrane spots. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2011 512:258-262.
45. G. Hardiman: Microarray Innovations: Technology and Experimentation, CRC Press, 2010, http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=88KBSMq3ClgC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=microarray+Innovations:+Technology+and+Experimentation&ots=Lll-pS3YNa&sig=Ia_H79isWer_ShSEq5Wz-Mt0VXo
46. C. W. Sokolik, A. S. Walker, G. M. Nishioka: A simple and sensitive Assay for Measuring Very small Volumes of Microprinted solutions. Anal. Chem. Insights, 2011 6:61.
47. P. Wu, D. W. Grainger: Comparison of Hydroxylated Print Additives on Antibody Microarray Performance. J. Proteome Res., 2006 5:2956-2965.
48. B. Spurrier, S. Ramalingam, S. Nishizuka: Reverse-phase protein lysate microarrays for cell signaling analysis. Nat. Protoc., 2008 3:1796-1808.
49. M. J. Linman, A. Abbas, Q. Cheng: Interface design and multiplexed analysis with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and SPR imaging. Analyst, 2010 135:2759-2767.
50. M. D. Kurkuri, et al., Multifunctional polymer coatings for cell microarray applications. Biomacromolecules, 2009 10:1163-1172.
51. C. -H. Lin, J. K. Lee, M. A. LaBarge: Fabrication and Use of MicroEnvironment microArrays (MEArrays). J. Visualized Exp., 2012.
52. X. G. He, G. Gerona-Navarro, S. R. Jaffrey: Ligand discovery using small molecule microarrays. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2005 313:1-7.
53. A. Sboner, et al., Robust-linear-model normalization to reduce technical variability in functional protein microarrays. J. Proteome Res., 2009 8:5451-5464.
54. L. Meng, D. Mattoon and P. Predki, in Ligand-Macromolecular Interactions in Drug Discovery, Springer, 2009, pp. 177-188, http://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-60761-244-5_11.
55. P. Gong, D. W. Grainger: Comparison of DNA immobilization efficiency on new and regenerated commercial amine-reactive polymer microarray surfaces. Surf. Sci., 2004 570:67-77.
56. G. Müller: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Protein Chips for Patient-Tailored Multi-Parameter Proteomics. J. Biochips Tissue Chips, 2011 3:2153.
57. D. Rose: Microfluidic technologies and instrumentation for printing DNA microarrays, in Microarray Biochip Technology, Eaton Publishing, Natick, MA, USA, 2000, pp. 19-38.
58. J. H. Lee, et al., Rapid and Facile Microwave-Assisted Surface Chemistry for Functionalized Microarray Slides. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2012 22:872-878.
59. A. N. Rao, N. Vandencasteele, L. J. Gamble, D. W. Grainger: High-Resolution Epifluorescence and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Chemical Imaging Comparisons of Single DNA Microarray Spots. Anal. Chem., 2012 84:10628-10636.
60. M. Tiwari: An gene expression pattern. J. Nat. Sci., Biol. Med., 2012 3:12.
61. A. N. Rao, C. K. Rodesch, D. W. Grainger: Correction to the Supporting Information of Real-Time Fluorescent Image Analysis of DNA Spot Hybridization Kinetics to Assess Microarray Spot Heterogeneity. Anal. Chem., 2013 85:4199.
62. J. Austin and A. H. Holway, in Protein Microarrays, U. Korf, Humana Press, 2011, vol. 785, pp. 379-394.
63. K. Papp and J. Prechl, in Functional Genomics, pp. 175-185, Springer, 2012, http://link.springer.com/protocol/10. 1007/978-1-61779-424-7_14.
64. L. A. Liotta, et al., Protein microarrays: meeting analytical challenges for clinical applications. Cancer Cell, 2003 3:317-325.
65. P. Roach, D. Farrar, C. C. Perry: Surface tailoring for controlled protein adsorption: effect of topography at the nanometer scale and chemistry. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006 128:3939-3945.
66. S. Natarajan, et al., Continuous-flow microfluidic printing of proteins for array-based applications including surface plasmon resonance imaging. Anal. Biochem., 2008 373:141-146.
67. A. P. Acharya, M. J. Clare-Salzler, B. G. Keselowsky: A high-throughput microparticle microarray platform for dendritic cell-targeting vaccines. Biomaterials, 2009 30:4168-4177.
68. M. Knauer, N. P. Ivleva, X. Liu, R. Niessner, C. Haisch: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based label-free microarray readout for the detection of microorganisms. Anal. Chem., 2010 82:2766-2772.
69. B. Michel, et al., Printing meets lithography: soft approaches to high-resolution patterning. IBM J. Res. Dev., 2001 45:697-719.
70. E. Delamarche, et al., Microcontact printing using poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamps hydrophilized by poly(ethylene oxide) silanes. Langmuir, 2003 19:8749-8758.
71. A. Bernard, E. Delamarche, H. Schmid, B. Michel, H. Rudolf Bosshard, H. Biebuyck: Printing Patterns of Proteins. Langmuir, 1998 14:2225-2229.
72. M. Schena: Protein microarrays, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2005, http://books. google. com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2q0EaVqjbAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR2&dq=schena+protein+microarrays&ots=liAq2wU70g&sig=TEVSQcZ5dTvGHtJHZfrpgPE68Nw.
73. D. C. Duffy, J. C. McDonald, O. J. Schueller, G. M. Whitesides: Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem., 1998 70:4974-4984.
74. H. M. Saavedra, et al., Hybrid strategies in nanolithography. Rep. Prog. Phys., 2010 73:036501.
75. A. Vaish, M. J. Shuster, S. Cheunkar, P. S. Weiss, A. M. Andrews: Tuning Stamp Surface Energy for Soft Lithography of Polar Molecules to Fabricate Bioactive Small-Molecule Microarrays. Small, 2011 7:1471-1479.
76. B. R. Takulapalli, M. E. Morrison, J. Gu, P. Zhang: A nanocontact printing system for sub-100 nm aligned patterning. Nanotechnology, 2011 22:285-302.
77. M. Nasabi, A. Mitchell, K. Kalantar-Zadeh and W. S. Nesbitt: Microstamp patterning of protein arrays, in ICONN, International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2008, pp. 117-120, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all. jsp?arnumber=4639260.
78. Y. Torisawa, B. Mosadegh, S. P. Cavnar, M. Ho, S. Takayama: Transwells with Microstamped Membranes Produce Micropatterned Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Co-Cultures. Tissue Eng., Part C, 2010 17:61-67.
79. C. -E. Ho, C. -C. Chieng, M. -H. Chen, F. -G. Tseng: Micro-Stamp Systems for Batch-Filling, Parallel-Spotting, and Continuously Printing of Multiple Biosample Fluids. J. Lab. Autom., 2008 13:187-197.
80. Z. Zhang, H. Ma, D. B. Hausner, A. Chilkoti, T. P. Beebe: Pretreatment of amphiphilic comb polymer surfaces dramatically affects protein adsorption. Biomacromolecules, 2005 6:3388-3396.
81. F. -G. Tseng, et al., Characterization of simultaneous protein microarray formation by discrete micro stamper on surfaces of different wettabilities, in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2005, pp. 757-762, doi: 10.1109/ROBIO.2005.246364.
82. J. T. Groves, N. Ulman, S. G. Boxer: Micropatterning fluid lipid bilayers on solid supports. Science, 1997 275:651-653.
83. M. J. Panzer, K. E. Aidala, V. Bulović: Contact printing of colloidal nanocrystal thin films for hybrid organic/quantum dot optoelectronic devices. Nano Rev., 2012 3.
84. P. O. Anikeeva, J. E. Halpert, M. G. Bawendi, V. Bulovic: Quantum dot light-emitting devices with electroluminescence tunable over the entire visible spectrum. Nano Lett., 2009 9:2532-2536.
85. T. -H. Kim, et al., Full-colour quantum dot displays fabricated by transfer printing. Nat. Photonics, 2011 5:176-182.
86. C. Jiang, S. Markutsya, H. Shulha, V. V. Tsukruk: Freely Suspended Gold Nanoparticle Arrays. Adv. Mater., 2005 17:1669-1673.
87. K. Salaita, Y. Wang, C. A. Mirkin: Applications of dip-pen nanolithography. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2007 2:145-155.
88. J. Kim, et al., Direct-write patterning of bacterial cells by dip-pen nanolithography. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012 134:16500-16503.
89. H. -H. Jeong, Y. -G. Kim, S. -C. Jang, H. Yi, C. -S. Lee: Profiling surface glycans on live cells and tissues using quantum dot-lectin nanoconjugates. Lab Chip, 2012 12:3290-3295.
90. A. Ruiz, et al., Microcontact printing and microspotting as methods for direct protein patterning on plasma deposited polyethylene oxide: application to stem cell patterning. Biomed. Microdevices, 2013:1-13.
91. Y. Wang, S. H. Goh, X. Bi, K. -L. Yang: Replication of DNA submicron patterns by combining nanoimprint lithography and contact printing. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2009 333:188-194.
92. J. P. Renault, et al., Fabricating arrays of single protein molecules on glass using microcontact printing. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003 107:703-711.
93. M. Suzuki, A. Nomura, M. Yamamoto, K. Minakuchi and Y. Iribe: Novel integration method for chemical and enzyme sensor array by using microcontact printing, in International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS), pp. 301-306, 2010, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all. jsp?arnumber=5669540.
94. M. H. Lee, J. Y. Lin, T. W. Odom: Large-Area Nanocontact Printing with Metallic Nanostencil Masks. Angew. Chem., 2010 122:3121-3124.
95. V. N. Morozov: Protein microarrays: principles and limitations, Protein Microarrays, ed. M. Schena, pp. 71-105, 2005.
96. O. Akbulut, A. A. Yu, F. Stellacci: Fabrication of biomolecular devices via supramolecular contact-based approaches. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009 39:30-37.
97. T. Kaufmann, B. J. Ravoo: Stamps, inks and substrates: polymers in microcontact printing. Polym. Chem., 2010 1:371-387.
98. M. Ikeuchi, M. Nakazono and K. Ikuta: Development of microfluidic contact printing using membrane microchannel technology for cell patterning, in IEEE 25th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), pp. 228-231, 2012, http://ieeexplore.ieee. org/xpls/abs_all. jsp?arnumber=6170132.
99. K. L. Christman, et al., Submicron Streptavidin Patterns for Protein Assembly. Langmuir, 2006 22:7444-7450.
100. A. B. Faia-Torres, T. Goren, M. Textor and M. Pla-Roca, Patterned Biointerfaces, Comprehensive Biomaterials, 2011, pp. 181-201.
101. V. S. Goudar, S. Suran, M. M. Varma: Photoresist functionalisation method for high-density protein microarrays using photolithography. Micro Nano Lett., 2012 7:549-553.
102. S. Lenci, L. Tedeschi, F. Pieri, C. Domenici: UV lithography-based protein patterning on silicon: Towards the integration of bioactive surfaces and CMOS electronics. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011 257:8413-8419.
103. M. Mir, et al., Electrochemical biosensor microarray functionalized by means of biomolecule friendly photolithography. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2010 25:2115-2121.
104. G. R. Prashanth, V. S. Goudar, S. Suran, A. M. Raichur, M. M. Varma: Non-covalent functionalization using lithographically patterned polyelectrolyte multilayers for high-density microarrays. Sens. Actuators, B, 2012.
105. E. Jang, K. J. Son, B. Kim, W. -G. Koh: Phenol biosensor based on hydrogel microarrays entrapping tyrosinase and quantum dots. Analyst, 2010 135:2871-2878.
106. P. K. Wu, et al., Laser transfer of biomaterials: matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) and MAPLE direct write. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2003 74:2546-2557.
107. P. K. Wu, et al., The deposition, structure, pattern deposition, and activity of biomaterial thin-films by matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation (MAPLE) and MAPLE direct write. Thin Solid Films, 2001 398:607-614.
108. T. B. Phamduy, et al., Laser direct-write of single microbeads into spatially-ordered patterns. Biofabrication, 2012 4:025006.
109. P. A. King: Ionizing radiation of water solution of polyalkylene oxide and product thereof, 1966.
110. C. M. Kolodziej, H. D. Maynard: Electron-beam lithography for patterning biomolecules at the micron and nanometer scale. Chem. Mater., 2012 24:774-780.
111. Q. Hang, Y. Wang, M. Lieberman, G. H. Bernstein: Molecular patterning through high-resolution polymethylmethacrylate masks. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002 80:4220-4222.
112. J. D. Hoff: Nanoscale Protein Patterning via Nanoimprint Lithography and Ultrafast Laser Irradiation, ProQuest, 2009, http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cNWIeoK5leMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Nanoscale+Protein+Patterning+via+Nanoimprint+Lithography+and+Ultrafast+Laser+Irradiation&ots=rd2XfrC10_&sig=qR4i2YEXtCnoPz-kChvkRq6L09I.
113. J. W. Lussi, et al., Selective molecular assembly patterning at the nanoscale: a novel platform for producing protein patterns by electron-beam lithography on SiO2/indium tin oxide-coated glass substrates. Nanotechnology, 2005 16:1781.
114. P. M. Mendes, et al., Gold Nanoparticle Patterning of Silicon Wafers Using Chemical e-Beam Lithography. Langmuir, 2004 20:3766-3768.
115. R. C. Schmidt, K. E. Healy: Controlling biological interfaces on the nanometer length scale. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A, 2009 90:1252-1261.
116. A. Bruckbauer, et al., An Addressable Antibody Nanoarray Produced on a Nanostructured Surface. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004 126:6508-6509.
117. S. Sugiyama, S. Khumpuang, G. Kawaguchi: Plain-pattern to cross-section transfer (PCT) technique for deep X-ray lithography and applications. J. Micromech. Microeng., 2004 14:1399.
118. L. D. Menard, J. M. Ramsey: Fabrication of Sub-5 nm Nanochannels in Insulating Substrates Using Focused Ion Beam Milling. Nano Lett., 2011 11:512-517.
119. C. Chappert, et al., Planar Patterned Magnetic Media Obtained by Ion Irradiation. Science, 1998 280:1919-1922.
120. Y. -H. La, et al., Sub-100-nm Pattern Formation through Selective Chemical Transformation of Self-Assembled Monolayers by Soft X-ray Irradiation. Langmuir, 2003 19:4390-4395.
121. D. Falconnet, et al., A Novel Approach to Produce Protein Nanopatterns by Combining Nanoimprint Lithography and Molecular Self-Assembly. Nano Lett., 2004 4:1909-1914.
122. M. Thiersch, et al., The angiogenic response to PLL-g-PEG-mediated HIF-1α plasmid DNA delivery in healthy and diabetic rats. Biomaterials, 2013:4173-4182.
123. R. D. Piner, J. Zhu, F. Xu, S. Hong, C. A. Mirkin: Dip-pen nanolithography. Science, 1999 283:661-663.
124. K. -B. Lee, S. -J. Park, C. A. Mirkin, J. C. Smith, M. Mrksich: Protein nanoarrays generated by dip-pen nanolithography. Science, 2002 295:1702-1705.
125. S. Sekula-Neuner, et al., Allergen Arrays for Antibody Screening and Immune Cell Activation Profiling Generated by Parallel Lipid Dip-Pen Nanolithography. Small, 2012 8:585-591.
126. I. Tsarfati-BarAd, U. Sauer, C. Preininger, L. A. Gheber: Miniaturized protein arrays: Model and experiment. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2011 26:3774-3781.
127. Y. Narui, K. S. Salaita: Dip-pen nanolithography of optically transparent cationic polymers to manipulate spatial organization of proteolipid membranes. Chem. Sci., 2012 3:794-799.
128. C. -C. Wu, D. N. Reinhoudt, C. Otto, A. H. Velders, V. Subramaniam: Protein immobilization on Ni(ii) ion patterns prepared by microcontact printing and dip-pen nanolithography. ACS Nano, 2010 4:1083-1091.
129. M. Jaschke, H. -J. Butt: Deposition of organic material by the tip of a scanning force microscope. Langmuir, 1995 11:1061-1064.
130. C. -C. Wu, D. N. Reinhoudt, C. Otto, V. Subramaniam, A. H. Velders: Strategies for Patterning Biomolecules with Dip-Pen Nanolithography. Small, 2011 7:989-1002.
131. S. Jadhav, P. Morey, M. Karpe, V. Kadam: Dip Pen Nanolithography. American Journal of PharmTech Research, 2012 2:148-168.
132. P. Vettiger, et al., Ultrahigh density, high-data-rate NEMS-based AFM data storage system. Microelectron. Eng., 1999 46:11-17.
133. E. Ul Haq, et al., Parallel scanning near-field photolithography: The snomipede. Nano Lett., 2010 10:4375-4380.
134. S. Kim, K. D. Kihm, T. Thundat: Fluidic applications for atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microcantilever sensors. Exp. Fluids, 2010 48:721-736.
135. D. Li: Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, Springer, 2008.
136. I. McWilliam, M. C. Kwan and D. Hall, in Protein Microarrays, ed. U. Korf, vol. 785, pp. 345-361, Humana Press, 2011.
137. G. Klenkar, et al., Piezo Dispensed Microarray of Multivalent Chelating Thiols for Dissecting Complex Protein-Protein Interactions. Anal. Chem., 2006 78:3643-3650.
138. S. Fujita, et al., Development of super-dense transfected cell microarrays generated by piezoelectric inkjet printing. Lab Chip, 2012 13:77-80.
139. D. B. Wallace and M. E. Grove, in High-Throughput Analysis, Springer, 2004, pp. 469-490, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10. doi: 1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_22.
140. L. Setti, et al., Thermal inkjet technology for the microdeposition of biological molecules as a viable route for the realization of biosensors. Anal. Lett., 2004 37:1559-1570.
141. B. Derby: Printing and Prototyping of Tissues and Scaffolds. Science, 2012 338:921-926.
142. M. Hartmann, et al., Non-contact protein microarray fabrication using a procedure based on liquid bridge formation. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2009 393:591-598.
143. D. F. Williams, I. N. Askill, R. Smith: Protein adsorption and desorption phenomena on clean metal surfaces. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1985 19:313-320.
144. D. S. Wilson, S. Nock: Functional protein microarrays. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2002 6:81-85.
145. A. N. Rao, C. K. Rodesch, D. W. Grainger: Real-Time Fluorescent Image Analysis of DNA Spot Hybridization Kinetics To Assess Microarray Spot Heterogeneity. Anal. Chem., 2012 84:9379-9387.
146. D. A. Chang-Yen, D. Myszka and B. K. Gale: A novel PDMS microfluidic spotter for fabrication of protein chips and microarrays, in Proc. of SPIE, 2005, vol. 5718, p. 111.
147. D. A. Chang-Yen, D. G. Myszka, B. K. A. Gale: Novel PDMS Microfluidic Spotter for Fabrication of Protein Chips and Microarrays. J. Microelectromech. Syst., 2006 15:1145-1151.
148. M. A. Eddings, et al., Spot and hop: internal referencing for surface plasmon resonance imaging using a three-dimensional microfluidic flow cell array. Anal. Biochem., 2009 385:309-313.
149. W. Keighley: The need for high throughput kinetics early in the drug discovery process. Drug Discovery World, 2011 12:39-45.
150. K. A. Smith, J. C. Conboy: Using micropatterned lipid bilayer arrays to measure the effect of membrane composition on merocyanine 540 binding. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembr., 2011 1808:1611-1617.
151. K. A. Smith, B. K. Gale, J. C. Conboy: Micropatterned Fluid Lipid Bilayer Arrays Created Using a Continuous Flow Microspotter. Anal. Chem., 2008 80:7980-7987.
152. K. Kumar, et al., Formation of supported lipid bilayers on indium tin oxide for dynamically-patterned membrane-functionalized microelectrode arrays. Lab Chip, 2009 9:718-725.
153. Hironobu Takahashi, D. G. Castner and D. W. Grainger, in Proteins as Interfaces, ACS Press, 2012, pp. 781-807.
154. H. Chandra, S. Srivastava: Cell-free synthesis-based protein microarrays and their applications. Proteomics, 2010 10:717-730.
155. C. J. Noren, J. Wang, F. B. Perler: Dissecting the chemistry of protein splicing and its applications. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2000 39:450-466.
156. M. He, O. Stoevesandt, M. J. Taussig: In situ synthesis of protein arrays. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 2008 19:4-9.
157. M. He, et al., Printing protein arrays from DNA arrays. Nat. Methods, 2008 5:175-177.
158. A. Nand, A. Gautam, J. B. Pérez, A. Merino, J. Zhu: Emerging technology of in situ cell free expression protein microarrays. Protein Cell, 2012 3:84-88.
159. M. He, M. J. Taussig: Single step generation of protein arrays from DNA by cell-free expression and in situ immobilisation (PISA method). Nucleic Acids Res., 2001 29:e73.
160. K. Ozawa, P. S. Wu, N. E. Dixon, G. Otting: 15N-Labelled proteins by cell-free protein synthesis. FEBS J., 2006 273:4154-4159.
161. A. Ohta, Y. Yamagishi, H. Suga: Synthesis of biopolymers using genetic code reprogramming. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2008 12:159-167.
162. Y. Goto, et al., Reprogramming the translation initiation for the synthesis of physiologically stable cyclic peptides. ACS Chem. Biol., 2008 3:120-129.
163. J. LaBaer, N. Ramachandran: Protein microarrays as tools for functional proteomics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2005 9:14-19.
164. S. -C. Tao, H. Zhu: Protein chip fabrication by capture of nascent polypeptides. Nat. Biotechnol., 2006 24:1253-1254.
165. G. MacBeath, S. L. Schreiber: Printing proteins as microarrays for high-throughput function determination. Science, 2000 289:1760-1763.
166. P. Angenendt, J. Kreutzberger, J. Glökler, J. D. Hoheisel: Generation of high density protein microarrays by cell-free in situ expression of unpurified PCR products. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2006 5:1658-1666.
167. N. Ramachandran, E. Hainsworth, G. Demirkan and J. LaBaer, in New and Emerging Proteomic Techniques, Springer, 2006, pp. 1-14, http://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1385/1-59745-026-X:1.
168. E. Palmer, H. Liu, F. Khan, M. J. Taussig, M. He: Enhanced cell-free protein expression by fusion with immunoglobulin Cκ domain. Protein Sci., 2006 15:2842-2846.
169. Y. Shimizu, et al., Cell-free translation reconstituted with purified components. Nat. Biotechnol., 2001 19:751-755.
170. Y. Shimizu, Y. Kuruma, B. -W. Ying, S. Umekage, T. Ueda: Cell-free translation systems for protein engineering. FEBS J., 2006 273:4133-4140.
171. Y. Shimizu, T. Kanamori, T. Ueda: Protein synthesis by pure translation systems. Methods, 2005 36:299-304.
172. Y. Shimizu, T. Ueda: PURE technology. Methods Mol. Biol., 2010 607:11-21.
173. V. N. Morozov, T. Y. Morozova: Electrospray deposition as a method for mass fabrication of mono-and multicomponent microarrays of biological and biologically active substances. Anal. Chem., 1999 71:3110-3117.
174. B. Lee, et al., Fabrication of protein microarrays for immunoassay using the electrospray deposition (ESD) method. J. Chem. Eng. Jpn, 2003 36:1370-1375.
175. N. V. Avseenko, T. Y. Morozova, F. I. Ataullakhanov, V. N. Morozov: Immunoassay with multicomponent protein microarrays fabricated by electrospray deposition. Anal. Chem., 2002 74:927-933.
176. J. -W. Kim, et al., A device for fabricating protein chips by using a surface acoustic wave atomizer and electrostatic deposition. Sens. Actuators, B, 2005 107:535-545.
177. R. Moerman, J. Frank, J. C. Marijnissen, T. G. Schalkhammer, G. W. van Dedem: Miniaturized electrospraying as a technique for the production of microarrays of reproducible micrometer-sized protein spots. Anal. Chem., 2001 73:2183-2189.
178. S. -M. Zhou, L. Cheng, S. -J. Guo, H. Zhu, S. -C. Tao: Functional protein microarray: an ideal platform for investigating protein binding property. Front. Biol., 2012 7:336-349.
179. L. B. Becnel, N. J. McKenna: Minireview: Progress and challenges in proteomics data management, sharing, and integration. Mol. Endocrinol., 2012 26:1660-1674.
180. Y. M. Shlyapnikov, et al., Rapid Simultaneous Ultrasensitive Immunodetection of Five Bacterial Toxins. Anal. Chem., 2012 84:5596-5603.
181. Applying Genomic and Proteomic Microarray Technology in Drug Discovery, 2nd Edition, http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781439855638.
182. D. Stoll, M. F. Templin, J. Bachmann, T. O. Joos: Protein microarrays: applications and future challenges. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Dev., 2005 8:239.
183. M. Hartmann, J. Roeraade, D. Stoll, M. F. Templin, T. O. Joos: Protein microarrays for diagnostic assays. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008 393:1407-1416.
184. J. C. Rockett, D. J. Dix: Application of DNA arrays to toxicology. Environ. Health Perspect., 1999 107:681-685.
185. I. Balboni, et al., Multiplexed protein array platforms for analysis of autoimmune diseases. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2006 24:391-418.
186. Y. Fang, J. Lahiri, L. Picard: G protein-coupled receptor microarrays for drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today, 2003 8:755-761.
187. C. Huels, S. Muellner, H. E. Meyer, D. J. Cahill: The impact of protein biochips and microarrays on the drug development process. Drug Discovery Today, 2002 7:S119-S124.
188. X. Yu, N. Schneiderhan-Marra, T. O. Joos: Protein Microarrays for Personalized Medicine. Clin. Chem., 2010 56:376-387.
189. B. B. Haab: Advances in protein microarray technology for protein expression and interaction profiling. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Dev., 2001 4:116.
190. A. Lueking, et al., Protein microarrays for gene expression and antibody screening. Anal. Biochem., 1999 270:103-111.
191. A. Quintás-Cardama, et al., Reverse phase protein array profiling reveals distinct proteomic signatures associated with chronic myeloid leukemia progression and with chronic phase in the CD34-positive compartment. Cancer, 2012 118:5283-5292.
192. P. Mitchell: A perspective on protein microarrays. Nat. Biotechnol., 2002 20:225-229.
193. C. K. Dixit, A. Kumar, A. Kaushik: Nanosphere lithography-based platform for developing rapid and high sensitivity microarray systems. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2012 423:473-477.
194. T. Horbett, J. L. Brash & W. Norde, in Proteins at Interfaces III State of the Art, American Chemical Society, 2012, vol. 1120, pp. i-v.
195. P. Wu, P. Hogrebe, D. W. Grainger: DNA and protein microarray printing on silicon nitride waveguide surfaces. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2006 21:1252-1263.
196. J. Cummings, F. Raynaud, L. Jones, R. Sugar, C. Dive: Fit-for-purpose biomarker method validation for application in clinical trials of anticancer drugs. Br. J. Cancer, 2010 103:1313-1317.
197. D. J. Cahill: Protein and antibody arrays and their medical applications. J. Immunol. Methods, 2001 250:81-91.