Micropatterning fluid lipid bilayers on solid supports

Science

Volumn 275, Issue 5300, 1997, Pages 651-653

  Groves, Jay T ^a   Ulman, Nick ^b   Boxer, Steven G ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLEACHING; FLUID SHIFT; LIPID BILAYER; MEMBRANE COMPONENT; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ALUMINUM OXIDE; CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL; DIFFUSION; ELECTRICITY; FLUORESCENT DYES; LIGHT; LIPID BILAYERS; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; SILICON DIOXIDE; XANTHENES;

EID: 0031056234     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5300.651     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. N. L. Abbott, J. P. Folkers, G. M. Whitesides, Science 257, 1380 (1992).
2. A. Kumar and G. M. Whitesides, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2002 (1993).
3. Y. Xia et al., Science 273, 347 (1996).
4. S. P. A. Fodor et al., ibid. 251, 767 (1991).
5. H. M. McConnell, T. H. Watts, R. M. Weis, A. A. Brian, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 864, 95 (1986).
6. T. H. Watts and H. M. McConnell, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 5, 461 (1987).
7. A. A. Brian and H. M. McConnell, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 6159 (1984).
8. E. Sackmann, Science 271, 43 (1996).
9. T. M. Bayerl and M. Bloom, Biophys. J. 58, 357 (1990).
10. S. J. Johnson et al., ibid. 59, 289 (1991).
11. B.W. Koenig et al., Langmuir 12, 1343 (1996).
12. 2, and mica, as well as various derivatized surfaces and hydrated polymer films (8).
13. Shipley S-1813 positive photoresist based on the standard diazoquinone-novolac system.
14. N-(Texas Red sulfonyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
15. J. T. Groves, C. Wülfing, S. G. Boxer, Biophys. J. 71, 2716 (1996).
16. J. Salafsky, J. T. Groves, S. G. Boxer, Biochemistry 35,14773 (1996).
17. The photoresist barriers are also fluorescent but appear dark against the bright background of the membrane in Fig. 2. The fluorescence intensity of the membrane in unbleached corrals decreased over time as a result of photobleaching during observation, which caused the contrast between the barriers and the membrane to vary as well.
18. Electron beam lithography along with near-field scanning microscopy could be used to generate and image membrane patterns on the nanometer scale. The limiting factor at present is the resolution of the epifluorescence microscope.
19. 3 or Au as the barrier material.
20. See, for example, (16).
21. The precise balance of forces governing the interaction between membranes and surfaces is not fully understood. The transparent semiconductor indium-tin oxide (ITO) is an interesting example. Vesicles spontaneously fuse with the naturally hydrophilic ITO surface, but the resulting membrane lacks long-range fluidity (16).
22. M. Stelzte, R. Miehlich, E. Sackmann, Biophys. J. 63, 1346 (1992).
23. M.-m. Poo and K. R. Robinson, Nature 265, 602 (1977).
24. J. T. Groves and S. G. Boxer, Biophys. J. 69, 1972 (1995).
25. 0 is the average concentration, D is the diffusion coefficient, V is the field-induced drift velocity, and r is the position vector.
26. P.-Y. Chan et al., J. Cell Biol. 115, 245 (1991).
27. A. Tözeren et al., ibid. 116, 997 (1992).
28. We thank H. M. McConnell, who provided helpful advice and the use of facilities in his laboratory. We also thank D. M. Bloom and G. S. Kino for support and encouragement. Supported in part by grant N00014-91-J-1050 from the Joint Services Electronics Program, the NSF Biophysics Program (S.G.B.), and NSF grant MCB-9316256 (H. M. McConnell). Processing work was carried out at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility and was supported in part by an IMSF-sponsored users grant.