메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 193-217

Phytochemicals in Cocoa and Flavan-3-ol Bioavailability

Author keywords

Chocolate matrix; Cocoa beans, in chocolate; Flavan 3 ol bioavailability; Flavan 3 ol monomers; NADPH oxidase inhibitors; Oligomeric proanthocyanidins; Phenolic catabolites; Phytochemicals in cocoa; Ripe cocoa pods, sweet pulp

Indexed keywords


EID: 84888744258     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444347098.ch7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (10)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 61449211248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone as the major metabolites
    • Appeldoom, M.M., Vincken, J.-P., Aura, A.-M. et al. (2009) Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone as the major metabolites. J. Agric. Food Chem, 57, 1084-1092.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.57 , pp. 1084-1092
    • Appeldoom, M.M.1    Vincken, J.-P.2    Aura, A.-M.3
  • 2
    • 38949131470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavan-3-ols: nature, occurrence and biological activity
    • Aron, P.M. and Kennedy, J.A. (2008) Flavan-3-ols: nature, occurrence and biological activity. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 52, 79-104.
    • (2008) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.52 , pp. 79-104
    • Aron, P.M.1    Kennedy, J.A.2
  • 3
    • 39149121177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering
    • Ashihara, H., Sano, H. and Crozier, A. (2008) Caffeine and related purine alkaloids: biosynthesis, catabolism, function and genetic engineering. Phytochemistry, 69, 841-856.
    • (2008) Phytochemistry , vol.69 , pp. 841-856
    • Ashihara, H.1    Sano, H.2    Crozier, A.3
  • 4
    • 49449085678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of Polyphenon E flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy.
    • Auger, C., Hara, Y. and Crozier, A. (2008). Bioavailability of Polyphenon E flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy. J. Nutr, 138, 1535S-1542S.
    • (2008) J. Nutr , vol.138
    • Auger, C.1    Hara, Y.2    Crozier, A.3
  • 5
    • 0034493222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of (-)-epicatechin upon intake of chocolate and cocoa in human volunteers
    • Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Yasuda, A. et al. (2000) Bioavailability of (-)-epicatechin upon intake of chocolate and cocoa in human volunteers. Free Rad. Res., 33, 635-641.
    • (2000) Free Rad. Res , vol.33 , pp. 635-641
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Yasuda, A.3
  • 6
    • 0035167804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo comparison of the bioavailability of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and their mixture in orally administered rats
    • Baba, S., Osakabe, N., Natsume, M. et al. (2001) In vivo comparison of the bioavailability of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and their mixture in orally administered rats. J. Nutr., 131, 2885-2891.
    • (2001) J. Nutr , vol.131 , pp. 2885-2891
    • Baba, S.1    Osakabe, N.2    Natsume, M.3
  • 7
    • 33746925031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocao bean and chocolate processing
    • In I. Knight (ed), Chocolate and Cocoa: Health and Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford
    • Bixler, R.G. and Morgan, J.N. (1999) Cocao bean and chocolate processing. In I. Knight (ed), Chocolate and Cocoa: Health and Nutrition. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, pp. 43-60.
    • (1999) , pp. 43-60
    • Bixler, R.G.1    Morgan, J.N.2
  • 8
    • 0003873024 scopus 로고
    • Dictionary of Natural Products
    • Chapman and Hall, London.
    • Buckingham, J. (1994) Dictionary of Natural Products. Chapman and Hall, London.
    • (1994)
    • Buckingham, J.1
  • 9
    • 34247589583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major coca polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate
    • Cooper, K.A., Campos-Gimenez, E., Jimenez Alvarez, D. et al. (2007) Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major coca polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate. J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 2841-2847.
    • (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 2841-2847
    • Cooper, K.A.1    Campos-gimenez, E.2    Alvarez, D.J.3
  • 10
    • 46249084158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red wine, chocolate and vascular health: developing the evidence base
    • Corder, R. (2008) Red wine, chocolate and vascular health: developing the evidence base. Heart, 94, 821-823.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 821-823
    • Corder, R.1
  • 12
    • 33645831366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate and cocoa: new sources of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid
    • Counet, C., Callemien, D. and Collin, S. (2006) Chocolate and cocoa: new sources of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid. Food Chem, 98, 649-657.
    • (2006) Food Chem , vol.98 , pp. 649-657
    • Counet, C.1    Callemien, D.2    Collin, S.3
  • 13
    • 68149124472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health
    • Crozier, A., Jaganath, I.B. and Clifford, M.N. (2009) Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health. Nat. Prod. Rep., 26, 1001-1043.
    • (2009) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.26 , pp. 1001-1043
    • Crozier, A.1    Jaganath, I.B.2    Clifford, M.N.3
  • 14
    • 78649631235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability of dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds
    • Crozier, A., Del Rio, D. and Clifford, M.N. (2010) Bioavailability of dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Mol. Asp. Med., 31, 446-467.
    • (2010) Mol. Asp. Med , vol.31 , pp. 446-467
    • Crozier, A.1    Rio, D.D.2    Clifford, M.N.3
  • 15
    • 78049429506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berry flavonoids and phenolics: bioavailability and evidence of protective effects
    • Del Rio, D., Borges, G. and Crozier, A. (2010) Berry flavonoids and phenolics: bioavailability and evidence of protective effects. Br. J. Nutr., 104, S67-S90.
    • (2010) Br. J. Nutr , vol.104
    • Rio, D.D.1    Borges, G.2    Crozier, A.3
  • 16
    • 0033745131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymeric proanthocyanidins are catabolized by human colonic microflora into low-molecular-weight phenolic acids
    • Déprez, S., Brezillon, C., Rabot, S. et al. (2000) Polymeric proanthocyanidins are catabolized by human colonic microflora into low-molecular-weight phenolic acids. J. Nutr., 130, 2733-2738.
    • (2000) J. Nutr , vol.130 , pp. 2733-2738
    • Déprez, S.1    Brezillon, C.2    Rabot, S.3
  • 17
    • 0036229187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidins are not bioavailable in rats fed a single meal containing a grape seed extract or the procyanidin dimer B3
    • Donovan, J.L., Manach, C., Rios, L. et al. (2002) Procyanidins are not bioavailable in rats fed a single meal containing a grape seed extract or the procyanidin dimer B3. Brit. J. Nutr., 87, 299-306.
    • (2002) Brit. J. Nutr , vol.87 , pp. 299-306
    • Donovan, J.L.1    Manach, C.2    Rios, L.3
  • 18
    • 33749241530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (+)-Catechin is more bioavailable than (-)-catechin: relevance to the bioavailability of catechin from cocoa
    • Donovan, J.L., Crespy, V., Oliveira, M. et al. (2006) (+)-Catechin is more bioavailable than (-)-catechin: relevance to the bioavailability of catechin from cocoa. Free Rad. Res., 40, 1029-1034.
    • (2006) Free Rad. Res , vol.40 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Donovan, J.L.1    Crespy, V.2    Oliveira, M.3
  • 20
    • 33645834300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of catechins in Theobroma cacao beans by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography
    • Gotti, R., Furlanetto, S., Pinzauti, S. et al. (2006) Analysis of catechins in Theobroma cacao beans by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112, 345-352.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1112 , pp. 345-352
    • Gotti, R.1    Furlanetto, S.2    Pinzauti, S.3
  • 21
    • 33745504721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products
    • Gu, L., House, S.E., Wu, X. et al. (2006) Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products. J. Agric. Food Chem, 54, 40574061.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 40574061
    • Gu, L.1    House, S.E.2    Wu, X.3
  • 22
    • 0033004275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cocao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
    • Hammerstone, J.F., Lazarus, S.A., Mitchell, A.E. et al. (1999) Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cocao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem, 47, 490-496.
    • (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.47 , pp. 490-496
    • Hammerstone, J.F.1    Lazarus, S.A.2    Mitchell, A.E.3
  • 23
    • 0003704320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical Polyphenols - From Structure to Molecular Recognition and Physiological Action
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • Haslam, E. (1998) Practical Polyphenols - From Structure to Molecular Recognition and Physiological Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1998)
    • Haslam, E.1
  • 24
    • 0028987921 scopus 로고
    • Determination of (+)-catechin in plasma by highperformance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection
    • Ho, Y., Lee, Y.-L. and Hsu, K.-Y. (1995) Determination of (+)-catechin in plasma by highperformance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. B, 665, 383-389.
    • (1995) J. Chromatogr. B , vol.665 , pp. 383-389
    • Ho, Y.1    Lee, Y.-L.2    Hsu, K.-Y.3
  • 25
    • 0036784053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidin dimer B_sub_2_/sub_ [epicatechin-(4ß-8)-epicatechin] in human plasma after the consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa
    • Holt, R.R., Lazarus, S.A., Sullards, M.C. et al. (2002) Procyanidin dimer B_sub_2_/sub_ [epicatechin-(4ß-8)-epicatechin] in human plasma after the consumption of a flavanol-rich cocoa. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 798-804.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.76 , pp. 798-804
    • Holt, R.R.1    Lazarus, S.A.2    Sullards, M.C.3
  • 26
    • 53649106221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of the trans-resveratrol content of cocoa-containing chocolate products
    • Hurst, W.J., Glinski, J.A., Miller, K.B. et al. (2008) Survey of the trans-resveratrol content of cocoa-containing chocolate products. J. Agric. Food Chem, 56, 8374-8378.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 8374-8378
    • Hurst, W.J.1    Glinski, J.A.2    Miller, K.B.3
  • 27
    • 33749249943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contribution of the small and large intestine to the absorption and metabolism of rutin in man.
    • Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Edwards, C.A. et al. (2006). The relative contribution of the small and large intestine to the absorption and metabolism of rutin in man. Free Rad. Res., 40, 1035-1046.
    • (2006) Free Rad. Res , vol.40 , pp. 1035-1046
    • Jaganath, I.B.1    Mullen, W.2    Edwards, C.A.3
  • 28
    • 70249115522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites
    • Jaganath, I.B., Mullen, W., Lean, M.E.J. et al. (2009) In vitro catabolism of rutin by human fecal bacteria and the antioxidant capacity of its catabolites. Free Rad. Biol. Med., 47, 11801189.
    • (2009) Free Rad. Biol. Med , vol.47 , pp. 11801189
    • Jaganath, I.B.1    Mullen, W.2    Lean, M.E.J.3
  • 29
    • 77953140850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stilbenic profile of cocoa liquors from different origins determinedby RP-HPLC-APCI(+)-MS/MS. Detection of a new resveratrol hexoside
    • Jerkovic, V., Bröhan, M., Monnart, E. et al. (2010) Stilbenic profile of cocoa liquors from different origins determinedby RP-HPLC-APCI(+)-MS/MS. Detection of a new resveratrol hexoside. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 7067-7074.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 7067-7074
    • Jerkovic, V.1    Bröhan, M.2    Monnart, E.3
  • 30
    • 38049025736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenols are extensively metabolized in the human gastrointestinal tract after apple juice consumption
    • Kahle, K., Huemmer, W., Kempf, M. et al. (2007) Polyphenols are extensively metabolized in the human gastrointestinal tract after apple juice consumption. J. Agric Food Chem, 55, 10695-10614.
    • (2007) J. Agric Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 10695-10614
    • Kahle, K.1    Huemmer, W.2    Kempf, M.3
  • 31
    • 34147126028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of milk protein on the bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols
    • Keogh, J.B., McInerney, J. and Clifton, P.M. (2007) The effect of milk protein on the bioavailability of cocoa polyphenols. J. Food Sci., 72, S230-S233.
    • (2007) J. Food Sci , vol.72
    • Keogh, J.B.1    McInerney, J.2    Clifton, P.M.3
  • 32
    • 84983184047 scopus 로고
    • (-)-Epicatechin content in fermented and unfermented cocoa beans
    • Kim, H. and Keeney, P.G. (1984) (-)-Epicatechin content in fermented and unfermented cocoa beans. J. Food Sci., 49, 1090-1092.
    • (1984) J. Food Sci , vol.49 , pp. 1090-1092
    • Kim, H.1    Keeney, P.G.2
  • 33
    • 69149098186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polyphenol metabolites from colonic microbiota exert anti-inflammatory activity on different inflammation models
    • Larrosa, M., Luceri, C., Vivoli, E. et al. (2009) Polyphenol metabolites from colonic microbiota exert anti-inflammatory activity on different inflammation models. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 53, 1044-1054.
    • (2009) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.53 , pp. 1044-1054
    • Larrosa, M.1    Luceri, C.2    Vivoli, E.3
  • 34
    • 0003789794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics
    • 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
    • Leung, A.Y. and Foster, S. (1996) Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
    • (1996)
    • Leung, A.Y.1    Foster, S.2
  • 35
    • 70449426567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach for exploring urinary metabolome modifications after cocoa consumption
    • Llorach, R., Urpi-Sarda, M., Jauregui, O. et al. (2009) An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach for exploring urinary metabolome modifications after cocoa consumption. J. Prot. Res., 8, 5060-5068.
    • (2009) J. Prot. Res , vol.8 , pp. 5060-5068
    • Llorach, R.1    Urpi-sarda, M.2    Jauregui, O.3
  • 36
    • 13844281685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphe-nols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies
    • Manach, C., Williamson, G., Morand, C. et al. (2005) Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphe-nols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 2230S-242S.
    • (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.81
    • Manach, C.1    Williamson, G.2    Morand, C.3
  • 37
    • 33745506035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant activity and polyphenol and procyanidin contents of selected commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products in the United States
    • Miller, K.B., Stuart, D.A., Smith, N.L. et al. (2006) Antioxidant activity and polyphenol and procyanidin contents of selected commercially available cocoa-containing and chocolate products in the United States. J. Agric. Food Chem, 54, 4062-4068.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 4062-4068
    • Miller, K.B.1    Stuart, D.A.2    Smith, N.L.3
  • 38
    • 53649086057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of alkalization on the antioxidant and flavanol content of commercial cocoa powders
    • Miller, K.B., Hurst, W.J., Payne, M.J. et al. (2008) Impact of alkalization on the antioxidant and flavanol content of commercial cocoa powders. J. Agric. Food Chem, 56, 8527-8533.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 8527-8533
    • Miller, K.B.1    Hurst, W.J.2    Payne, M.J.3
  • 39
    • 58849112248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bioavailability of [2-_sup_14_/sup_C]quercetin-4'-glucoside in rats
    • Mullen, W., Rouanet, J.-M., Auger, C. et al. (2008) The bioavailability of [2-_sup_14_/sup_C]quercetin-4'-glucoside in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 12137-12137.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 12137-12137
    • Mullen, W.1    Rouanet, J.-M.2    Auger, C.3
  • 40
    • 66849115650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans
    • Mullen, W., Borges, G., Donovan, J.L. et al. (2009) Milk decreases urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 89, 1784-1791.
    • (2009) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.89 , pp. 1784-1791
    • Mullen, W.1    Borges, G.2    Donovan, J.L.3
  • 41
    • 70350279308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of chocolate matrix composition of cocoa flavan-3-ol bioaccessibility in vitro and bioavailability in humans
    • Neilson, A.P., George, J.C., Janle, E.M. et al. (2009) Influence of chocolate matrix composition of cocoa flavan-3-ol bioaccessibility in vitro and bioavailability in humans. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 57, 9418-9426.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food. Chem , vol.57 , pp. 9418-9426
    • Neilson, A.P.1    George, J.C.2    Janle, E.M.3
  • 42
    • 77953172278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chocolate matrix factors modulate the pharmacokinetic behaviour of cocoa flavan-3-ol phase II metabolites following oral consumption by Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Neilson, A.P., Sapper, T.N., Janle, E.M. et al. (2010) Chocolate matrix factors modulate the pharmacokinetic behaviour of cocoa flavan-3-ol phase II metabolites following oral consumption by Sprague-Dawley rats. J. Agric. Food Chem, 58, 6685-6691.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 6685-6691
    • Neilson, A.P.1    Sapper, T.N.2    Janle, E.M.3
  • 43
    • 77950658812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of phenolic acids in rats fed cranberry
    • Prior, R.L., Rogers, T.R., Khanal, R.C. et al. (2010) Urinary excretion of phenolic acids in rats fed cranberry. J. Agric. Food Chem, 58, 3940-3949.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 3940-3949
    • Prior, R.L.1    Rogers, T.R.2    Khanal, R.C.3
  • 44
    • 15044340025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary proantho-cyanidins: occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease
    • Rasmussen, S.E., Frederiksen, H., Struntze-Krongholm, K. et al. (2005) Dietary proantho-cyanidins: occurrence, dietary intake, bioavailability, and protection against cardiovascular disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 49, 159-174.
    • (2005) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.49 , pp. 159-174
    • Rasmussen, S.E.1    Frederiksen, H.2    Struntze-krongholm, K.3
  • 45
    • 0033867415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicatechin in plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidative status
    • Rein, D., Lotito, S., Holt, R.R. et al. (2000) Epicatechin in plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidative status. J. Nutr., 130, 2109S-2114S.
    • (2000) J. Nutr , vol.130
    • Rein, D.1    Lotito, S.2    Holt, R.R.3
  • 46
    • 0032893641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma kinetics in man of epicatechin from black chocolate
    • Richelle, M., Tavazzi, I., Enslen, M. et al. (1999) Plasma kinetics in man of epicatechin from black chocolate. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, 22-26.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 22-26
    • Richelle, M.1    Tavazzi, I.2    Enslen, M.3
  • 47
    • 0036829180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocoa procyanidins are stable during gastric transit in humans
    • Rios, L.Y., Bennett, R.N., Lazarus, S.A. et al. (2002) Cocoa procyanidins are stable during gastric transit in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 1106-1110.
    • (2002) Am. J. Clin. Nutr , vol.76 , pp. 1106-1110
    • Rios, L.Y.1    Bennett, R.N.2    Lazarus, S.A.3
  • 48
    • 74849092330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green tea flavan-3-ols: colonic degradation and urinary excretion of catabolites by humans
    • Roowi, S., Stalmach, A., Mullen, W. et al. (2010) Green tea flavan-3-ols: colonic degradation and urinary excretion of catabolites by humans. J. Agric. Food Chem, 58, 1296-1304.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 1296-1304
    • Roowi, S.1    Stalmach, A.2    Mullen, W.3
  • 49
    • 23844479261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer assay to quantify plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites after ingestion of a standard portion of cocoa beverage in humans
    • Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Jáuregui, O. et al. (2005) Rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer assay to quantify plasma (-)-epicatechin metabolites after ingestion of a standard portion of cocoa beverage in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem, 53, 6190-6194.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 6190-6194
    • Roura, E.1    Andrés-lacueva, C.2    Jáuregui, O.3
  • 50
    • 39849087275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk does not affect the bioavailability of cocoa powder flavonoid in healthy human.
    • a
    • Roura, E., Andés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R. et al. (2007a) Milk does not affect the bioavailability of cocoa powder flavonoid in healthy human. Ann. Nutr. Metab, 51, 493-498.
    • (2007) Ann. Nutr. Metab , vol.51 , pp. 493-498
    • Roura, E.1    Andés-lacueva, C.2    Estruch, R.3
  • 51
    • 34547494926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human urine: epicatechin metabolites and antioxidant activity after cocoa intake.
    • b
    • Roura, E., Almajano, M.P., Mata-Bilbao, M.L. et al. (2007b) Human urine: epicatechin metabolites and antioxidant activity after cocoa intake. Free Rad. Res., 41, 943-949.
    • (2007) Free Rad. Res , vol.41 , pp. 943-949
    • Roura, E.1    Almajano, M.P.2    Mata-bilbao, M.L.3
  • 52
    • 51749117180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of milk as a food matrix for polyphenols on the excretion profile of cocoa (-)-epicatechin metabolites in healthy human subjects
    • Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R. et al. (2008) The effects of milk as a food matrix for polyphenols on the excretion profile of cocoa (-)-epicatechin metabolites in healthy human subjects. Br. J. Nutr, 100, 846-851.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr , vol.100 , pp. 846-851
    • Roura, E.1    Andrés-lacueva, C.2    Estruch, R.3
  • 54
    • 48049106159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper
    • Schewe, T., Steffen, Y. and Sies, H. (2008) How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 476, 102-106.
    • (2008) Arch. Biochem. Biophys , vol.476 , pp. 102-106
    • Schewe, T.1    Steffen, Y.2    Sies, H.3
  • 55
    • 0037836031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food effects on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavonols
    • Schramm, D.D., Karim, M., Schrader, H.R. et al. (2003) Food effects on the absorption and pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavonols. Life Sci., 73, 857-869.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.73 , pp. 857-869
    • Schramm, D.D.1    Karim, M.2    Schrader, H.R.3
  • 56
    • 0347357619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milk and absorption of dietary flavanols
    • Schroeter, H., Holt, R.R., Orozco, T.J. et al. (2003) Milk and absorption of dietary flavanols. Nature, 426, 787-788.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 787-788
    • Schroeter, H.1    Holt, R.R.2    Orozco, T.J.3
  • 57
    • 32244437985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans
    • Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Balzer, J. et al. (2006) (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 103, 1024-1029.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , vol.103 , pp. 1024-1029
    • Schroeter, H.1    Heiss, C.2    Balzer, J.3
  • 58
    • 0042364944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Dark chocolate may offer its consumers health benefits the milk variety cannot match
    • Serafini, M., Bugianesi, S., Maiani, G. et al. (2003) Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Dark chocolate may offer its consumers health benefits the milk variety cannot match. Nature, 422, 1013.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 1013
    • Serafini, M.1    Bugianesi, S.2    Maiani, G.3
  • 59
    • 33244497325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apple procyanidin oligomers absorption in rats after oral administration. Analysis of procyanidins in plasma using the Porter method and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
    • Shoji, T., Matsumoto, S., Moriichi, N. et al. (2006) Apple procyanidin oligomers absorption in rats after oral administration. Analysis of procyanidins in plasma using the Porter method and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 884-892.
    • (2006) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.54 , pp. 884-892
    • Shoji, T.1    Matsumoto, S.2    Moriichi, N.3
  • 61
    • 67650802353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine following the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption.
    • a
    • Stalmach, A., Mullen, W., Barron, D. et al. (2009a) Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine following the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption. Drug Met. Disp., 37, 1759-1768.
    • (2009) Drug Met. Disp , vol.37 , pp. 1759-1768
    • Stalmach, A.1    Mullen, W.2    Barron, D.3
  • 62
    • 67649934106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, metabolism and excretion of Choladi green tea flavan-3-ols by humans.
    • b
    • Stalmach, A., Troufflard, S., Serafini, M. et al. (2009b) Absorption, metabolism and excretion of Choladi green tea flavan-3-ols by humans. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 53, S44-S53.
    • (2009) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.53
    • Stalmach, A.1    Troufflard, S.2    Serafini, M.3
  • 63
    • 77649307443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absorption, metabolism, efflux and excretion of green tea flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy
    • Stalmach, A., Mullen, W., Steiling, H. et al. (2010) Absorption, metabolism, efflux and excretion of green tea flavan-3-ols in humans with an ileostomy. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 54, 323-334.
    • (2010) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.54 , pp. 323-334
    • Stalmach, A.1    Mullen, W.2    Steiling, H.3
  • 64
    • 22244443679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and sensory activity of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids from cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
    • Stark, T. and Hofmann, T. (2005) Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and sensory activity of N-phenylpropenoyl-L-amino acids from cocoa (Theobroma cacao). J. Agric. Food Chem, 53, 5419-5428.
    • (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.53 , pp. 5419-5428
    • Stark, T.1    Hofmann, T.2
  • 65
    • 77954000859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the in vitro biotransformation of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 by human faecal microbiota.
    • a
    • Stoupi, S., Williamson, G., Drynan, J.W. et al. (2010a) A comparison of the in vitro biotransformation of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 by human faecal microbiota. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 54, 747-759.
    • (2010) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.54 , pp. 747-759
    • Stoupi, S.1    Williamson, G.2    Drynan, J.W.3
  • 66
    • 77956170874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Procyanidin B_sub_2_/sub_ catabolism by human fecal microflora: partial characterization of'dimeric' intermediates.
    • b
    • Stoupi, S., Williamson, G., Drynan, J.W. et al. (2010b) Procyanidin B_sub_2_/sub_ catabolism by human fecal microflora: partial characterization of'dimeric' intermediates. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 501, 73-78.
    • (2010) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. Acta , vol.501 , pp. 73-78
    • Stoupi, S.1    Williamson, G.2    Drynan, J.W.3
  • 67
    • 76149106136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo bioavailability, absorption, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [_sup_14_/sup_C]procyanidin B_sub_2_/sub_ in male rats.
    • c
    • Stoupi, S., Williamson, G., Viton, F. et al. (2010c) In vivo bioavailability, absorption, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [_sup_14_/sup_C]procyanidin B_sub_2_/sub_ in male rats. Drug Met. Disp., 38, 287-291.
    • (2010) Drug Met. Disp , vol.38 , pp. 287-291
    • Stoupi, S.1    Williamson, G.2    Viton, F.3
  • 68
    • 34249865394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new process to develop a cocoa powder with higher flavonoid monomer content and enhanced bioavailability in healthy humans
    • Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Cienfuegos-Jovellanos, E., Marín, A. et al. (2007) A new process to develop a cocoa powder with higher flavonoid monomer content and enhanced bioavailability in healthy humans. J. Agric. Food Chem, 55, 3926-3935.
    • (2007) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.55 , pp. 3926-3935
    • Tomás-barberán, F.A.1    Cienfuegos-jovellanos, E.2    Marín, A.3
  • 69
    • 84888709842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic fate of (-)-[4-_sup_3_/sup_H]epigallocatechin gallate in rats after oral administration.
    • Toshiyuki, K., Natsuki, M., Mana, Y. et al. (2001). Metabolic fate of (-)-[4-_sup_3_/sup_H]epigallocatechin gallate in rats after oral administration. J. Agric. Food. Chem, 49, 4102-4112.
    • (2001) J. Agric. Food. Chem , vol.49 , pp. 4102-4112
    • Toshiyuki, K.1    Natsuki, M.2    Mana, Y.3
  • 70
    • 25444482129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins following the ingestion of a grape seed extract by rats.
    • Tsang, C., Auger, C., Bornet, A. et al. (2005). The absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins following the ingestion of a grape seed extract by rats. Brit. J. Nutr., 94, 170-181.
    • (2005) Brit. J. Nutr , vol.94 , pp. 170-181
    • Tsang, C.1    Auger, C.2    Bornet, A.3
  • 71
    • 40449122235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora
    • Tzounis, X., Vulevic, J., Kuhnle, G.G. et al. (2008) Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora. Br. J. Nutr, 99, 782-792.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr , vol.99 , pp. 782-792
    • Tzounis, X.1    Vulevic, J.2    Kuhnle, G.G.3
  • 72
    • 67650809920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicatechin, procyanidins and phenolic microbial metabolites after cocoa intake in humans and rats
    • Urpi-Sarda, M., Monagas, M., Khan, N. et al. (2009) Epicatechin, procyanidins and phenolic microbial metabolites after cocoa intake in humans and rats. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 394, 1545-1556.
    • (2009) Anal. Bioanal. Chem , vol.394 , pp. 1545-1556
    • Urpi-sarda, M.1    Monagas, M.2    Khan, N.3
  • 73
    • 77951276112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of milk on the urinary excretion of microbial phenolic acid after cocoa powder consumption in humans
    • Urpi-Sarda, M., Llorach, R., Khan, N. et al. (2010) Effect of milk on the urinary excretion of microbial phenolic acid after cocoa powder consumption in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem, 58, 4706-4711.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 4706-4711
    • Urpi-sarda, M.1    Llorach, R.2    Khan, N.3
  • 74
    • 79957854023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiglycative and neuroprotective activity of colon-derived polyphenol catabloites
    • Verzelloni, E., Pellacani, C., Tagliazucchi, D. et al. (2011) Antiglycative and neuroprotective activity of colon-derived polyphenol catabloites. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 55, S35-S43.
    • (2011) Mol. Nutr. Food Res , vol.55
    • Verzelloni, E.1    Pellacani, C.2    Tagliazucchi, D.3
  • 75
    • 0033867144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage
    • Wang, J.F., Schramm, D.D., Holt, R.R. et al. (2000) A dose-response effect from chocolate consumption on plasma epicatechin and oxidative damage. J. Nutr., 130, 2115S-2119S.
    • (2000) J. Nutr , vol.130
    • Wang, J.F.1    Schramm, D.D.2    Holt, R.R.3
  • 76
    • 4143081627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans
    • Ward, N.C, Croft, K.D., Puddey, I.B. et al. (2004) Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5545-5549.
    • (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.52 , pp. 5545-5549
    • Ward, N.C.1    Croft, K.D.2    Puddey, I.B.3
  • 77
    • 0004194975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coffee, Cocoa and Tea
    • CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
    • Willson, K.C. (1999) Coffee, Cocoa and Tea. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.
    • (1999)
    • Willson, K.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.