메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 467-486

Urinary biomarkers of smokers' exposure to tobacco smoke constituents in tobacco products assessment: A fit for purpose approach

Author keywords

Biomarker qualification; biomarker validation; comparative studies; tobacco products assessment

Indexed keywords

1,3 BUTADIENE; 2 CARBOXY 1 METHYLETHYLMERCAPTURIC ACID; 4 (METHYLNITROSOAMINO) 1 (3 PYRIDYL) 1 BUTANONE; BENZO[A]PYRENE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CADMIUM; DIHYDROXYBUTYL MERCAPTURIC ACID; N NITROSOANABASINE; N NITROSOANATABINE; NITROSAMINE; NITROSONORNICOTINE; PYRENE; TOBACCO SMOKE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84885339614     PISSN: 1354750X     EISSN: 13665804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/1354750X.2013.821523     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (189)
  • 1
    • 18144370442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in human sensitivity to 1, 3-butadiene: Influence of polymorphisms in the 50-flanking region of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene (ephx1)
    • Abdel-Rahman SZ, Ammenheuser MM, Omiecinski CJ, et al. (2005). Variability in human sensitivity to 1, 3-butadiene: influence of polymorphisms in the 50-flanking region of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene (ephx1). Toxicol Sci 85:624-31.
    • (2005) Toxicol Sci , vol.85 , pp. 624-631
    • Abdel-Rahman, S.Z.1    Ammenheuser, M.M.2    Omiecinski, C.J.3
  • 2
    • 33845239713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Aminobiphenyl n-glucuronidation by liver microsomes: Optimization of the reaction conditions and characterization of the udp-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms
    • Al-Zoughool M, Talaska G. (2006). 4-Aminobiphenyl n-glucuronidation by liver microsomes: optimization of the reaction conditions and characterization of the udp-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms. J Appl Toxicol 26:524-32.
    • (2006) J Appl Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 524-532
    • Al-Zoughool, M.1    Talaska, G.2
  • 3
    • 34547661669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair dye use, meat intake, and tobacco exposure and presence of carcinogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated breast ductal epithelial cells
    • Ambrosone CB, Abrams SM, Gorlewska-Roberts K, Kadlubar FF. (2007). Hair dye use, meat intake, and tobacco exposure and presence of carcinogen-DNA adducts in exfoliated breast ductal epithelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 464:169-75.
    • (2007) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.464 , pp. 169-175
    • Ambrosone, C.B.1    Abrams, S.M.2    Gorlewska-Roberts, K.3    Kadlubar, F.F.4
  • 4
    • 9144254084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking casino patrons
    • Anderson KE, Kliris J, Murphy L, et al. (2003). Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking casino patrons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:1544-6.
    • (2003) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.12 , pp. 1544-1546
    • Anderson, K.E.1    Kliris, J.2    Murphy, L.3
  • 5
    • 78650537898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to low environmental levels of benzene: Evaluation of micronucleus frequencies and s-phenylmercapturic acid excretion in relation to polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolic enzymes
    • Angelini S, Kumar R, Bermejo JL, et al. (2011). Exposure to low environmental levels of benzene: evaluation of micronucleus frequencies and s-phenylmercapturic acid excretion in relation to polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolic enzymes. Mutat Res 719: 7-13.
    • (2011) Mutat Res , vol.719 , pp. 7-13
    • Angelini, S.1    Kumar, R.2    Bermejo, J.L.3
  • 7
    • 62549151735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine-creatinine concentration as a marker of urine dilution: Reflections using a cohort of 45, 000 samples
    • Arndt T. (2009). Urine-creatinine concentration as a marker of urine dilution: reflections using a cohort of 45, 000 samples. Forensic Sci Int 186:48-51.
    • (2009) Forensic Sci Int , vol.186 , pp. 48-51
    • Arndt, T.1
  • 9
    • 84876844111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing secondhand smoke using biological markers
    • Avila-Tang E, Al-Delaimy WK, Ashley DL, et al. (2013). Assessing secondhand smoke using biological markers. Tob Control 22:164-71.
    • (2013) Tob Control , vol.22 , pp. 164-171
    • Avila-Tang, E.1    Al-Delaimy, W.K.2    Ashley, D.L.3
  • 10
    • 0028879678 scopus 로고
    • Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferases, nat1 and nat2, in carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in the human urinary bladder
    • Badawi AF, Hirvonen A, Bell DA, et al. (1995). Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferases, nat1 and nat2, in carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in the human urinary bladder. Cancer Res 55: 5230-7.
    • (1995) Cancer Res , vol.55 , pp. 5230-5237
    • Badawi, A.F.1    Hirvonen, A.2    Bell, D.A.3
  • 11
    • 13444274285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of nicotine and cotinine by human cytochrome p450 2a13
    • Bao Z, He X-Y, Ding X, et al. (2005). Metabolism of nicotine and cotinine by human cytochrome p450 2a13. Drug Metab Dispos 33: 258-61.
    • (2005) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.33 , pp. 258-261
    • Bao, Z.1    He, X.-Y.2    Ding, X.3
  • 12
    • 0025648692 scopus 로고
    • Carcinogen hemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity, and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers
    • Bartsch H, Caporaso N, Coda M, et al. (1990). Carcinogen hemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity, and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 82: 1826-31.
    • (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.82 , pp. 1826-1831
    • Bartsch, H.1    Caporaso, N.2    Coda, M.3
  • 13
    • 0028036292 scopus 로고
    • Detoxication of base propenals and other alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde products of radical reactions and lipid peroxidation by human glutathione transferases
    • Berhane K, Widersten M, Engstrom A, et al. (1994). Detoxication of base propenals and other alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde products of radical reactions and lipid peroxidation by human glutathione transferases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1480-4.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 1480-1484
    • Berhane, K.1    Widersten, M.2    Engstrom, A.3
  • 15
    • 28244447353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamines and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts measured in smokers of either regular or light cigarettes
    • Bernert JT, Jain RB, Pirkle JL, et al. (2005). Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamines and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts measured in smokers of either regular or light cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 7: 729-38.
    • (2005) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.7 , pp. 729-738
    • Bernert, J.T.1    Jain, R.B.2    Pirkle, J.L.3
  • 16
    • 78549278152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine concentrations of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen in the U.S. Population from secondhand smoke exposure
    • Bernert JT, Pirkle JL, Xia Y, et al. (2010). Urine concentrations of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen in the U.S. population from secondhand smoke exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19: 2969-77.
    • (2010) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.19 , pp. 2969-2977
    • Bernert, J.T.1    Pirkle, J.L.2    Xia, Y.3
  • 17
    • 78650086805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry method for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal) in urine
    • Bhat SH, Gelhaus SL, Mesaros C, et al. (2011). A new liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry method for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal) in urine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 25:115-21.
    • (2011) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom , vol.25 , pp. 115-121
    • Bhat, S.H.1    Gelhaus, S.L.2    Mesaros, C.3
  • 18
    • 0023131673 scopus 로고
    • Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum and urine: An interlaboratory study
    • Biber A, Scherer G, Hoepfner I, et al. (1987). Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum and urine: an interlaboratory study. Toxicol Lett 35:45-52.
    • (1987) Toxicol Lett , vol.35 , pp. 45-52
    • Biber, A.1    Scherer, G.2    Hoepfner, I.3
  • 19
    • 4143102749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantioselectivity of carbonyl reduction of 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone by tissue fractions from human and rat and by enzymes isolated from human liver
    • Breyer-Pfaff U, Martin H-J, Ernst M, Maser E. (2004). Enantioselectivity of carbonyl reduction of 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by tissue fractions from human and rat and by enzymes isolated from human liver. Drug Metab Dispos 32:915-22.
    • (2004) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.32 , pp. 915-922
    • Breyer-Pfaff, U.1    Martin, H.-J.2    Ernst, M.3    Maser, E.4
  • 20
    • 0024237525 scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: Associations with smoking status and type of tobacco
    • Bryant MS, Vineis P, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR. (1988). Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:9788-91.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.85 , pp. 9788-9791
    • Bryant, M.S.1    Vineis, P.2    Skipper, P.L.3    Tannenbaum, S.R.4
  • 21
    • 0034902425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer risk assessment for the environmental mutagen and carcinogen crotonaldehyde on the basis of td(50) and comparison with 1, n(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adduct levels
    • Budiawan, EE. (2001). Cancer risk assessment for the environmental mutagen and carcinogen crotonaldehyde on the basis of td(50) and comparison with 1, n(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adduct levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:883-8.
    • (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.10 , pp. 883-888
    • Budiawan, E.E.1
  • 22
    • 42149192001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: A description of the world health organization tobreg proposal
    • Burns DM, Dybing E, Gray N, et al. (2008). Mandated lowering of toxicants in cigarette smoke: a description of the world health organization tobreg proposal. Tob Control 17:132-41.
    • (2008) Tob Control , vol.17 , pp. 132-141
    • Burns, D.M.1    Dybing, E.2    Gray, N.3
  • 23
    • 78751612798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of udp-glucuronosyltransferase 2a1 (ugt2a1) variants and their potential role in tobacco carcinogenesis
    • Bushey RT, Chen G, Blevins-Primeau AS, et al. (2011). Characterization of udp-glucuronosyltransferase 2a1 (ugt2a1) variants and their potential role in tobacco carcinogenesis. Pharmacogenet Genomics 21:55-65.
    • (2011) Pharmacogenet Genomics , vol.21 , pp. 55-65
    • Bushey, R.T.1    Chen, G.2    Blevins-Primeau, A.S.3
  • 24
    • 79953320212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cystatin a expression in human airway epithelium related to genotype, smoking, COPD, and lung cancer
    • Butler MW, Fukui T, Salit J, et al. (2011). Modulation of cystatin a expression in human airway epithelium related to genotype, smoking, COPD, and lung cancer. Cancer Res 71:2572-81.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 2572-2581
    • Butler, M.W.1    Fukui, T.2    Salit, J.3
  • 25
    • 0031026558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human urine for pyridine-n-oxide metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen
    • Carmella SG, Borukhova A, Akerkar SA, Hecht SS. (1997). Analysis of human urine for pyridine-n-oxide metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6:113-20.
    • (1997) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.6 , pp. 113-120
    • Carmella, S.G.1    Borukhova, A.2    Akerkar, S.A.3    Hecht, S.S.4
  • 26
    • 66049088370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers
    • Carmella SG, Chen M, Han S, et al. (2009). Effect of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers. Chem Res Toxicol 22:734-41.
    • (2009) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 734-741
    • Carmella, S.G.1    Chen, M.2    Han, S.3
  • 27
    • 34547638065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of acroleinderived (3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Effects of cigarette smoking
    • Carmella SG, Chen M, Zhang Y, et al. (2007). Quantitation of acroleinderived (3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: effects of cigarette smoking. Chem Res Toxicol 20:986-90.
    • (2007) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 986-990
    • Carmella, S.G.1    Chen, M.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 28
  • 29
    • 0036226219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of nand o-glucuronides of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol (nnal) in human urine
    • Carmella SG, Le Ka K-a, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS. (2002). Analysis of nand o-glucuronides of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal) in human urine. Chem Res Toxicol 15:545-50.
    • (2002) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.15 , pp. 545-550
    • Carmella, S.G.1    Ka, K.-A.L.2    Upadhyaya, P.3    Hecht, S.S.4
  • 30
    • 58149154725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of analytic methods for biomarkers used in drug development
    • Chau CH, Rixe O, McLeod H, Figg WD. (2008). Validation of analytic methods for biomarkers used in drug development. Clin Cancer Res 14:5967-76.
    • (2008) Clin Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 5967-5976
    • Chau, C.H.1    Rixe, O.2    McLeod, H.3    Figg, W.D.4
  • 31
    • 0019251911 scopus 로고
    • Assays for metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of n0-nitrosonornicotine and n-nitrosopyrrolidine and the influence of modifying factors
    • Chen CB, Hecht SS, McCoy GD, Hoffmann D. (1980). Assays for metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of n0-nitrosonornicotine and n-nitrosopyrrolidine and the influence of modifying factors. IARC Sci Publ 31:349-59.
    • (1980) IARC Sci Publ , vol.31 , pp. 349-359
    • Chen, C.B.1    Hecht, S.S.2    McCoy, G.D.3    Hoffmann, D.4
  • 32
    • 33846883701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of an acetaldehyde adduct in human leukocyte DNA and the effect of smoking cessation
    • Chen L, Wang M, Villalta PW, et al. (2007). Quantitation of an acetaldehyde adduct in human leukocyte DNA and the effect of smoking cessation. Chem Res Toxicol 20:108-13.
    • (2007) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 108-113
    • Chen, L.1    Wang, M.2    Villalta, P.W.3
  • 33
    • 79955585396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of cyp2a6 and cyp2a13 on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1- butanone (nnk)-induced gene mutation - A mammalian cell-based mutagenesis approach
    • Chiang HC, Wang CY, Lee HL, Tsou TC. (2011). Metabolic effects of cyp2a6 and cyp2a13 on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (nnk)-induced gene mutation - a mammalian cell-based mutagenesis approach. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 253:145-52.
    • (2011) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.253 , pp. 145-152
    • Chiang, H.C.1    Wang, C.Y.2    Lee, H.L.3    Tsou, T.C.4
  • 34
    • 34247362051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene level relative to vehicle exhaust exposure mediated by metabolic enzyme polymorphisms
    • Chuang C-Y, Chang C-C. (2007). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene level relative to vehicle exhaust exposure mediated by metabolic enzyme polymorphisms. J Occup Health 49:140-51.
    • (2007) J Occup Health , vol.49 , pp. 140-151
    • Chuang, C.-Y.1    Chang, C.-C.2
  • 35
    • 0029824077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation as a potential endogenous source for the formation of exocyclic DNA adducts
    • Chung FL, Chen HJ, Nath RG. (1996). Lipid peroxidation as a potential endogenous source for the formation of exocyclic DNA adducts. Carcinogenesis 17:2105-11.
    • (1996) Carcinogenesis , vol.17 , pp. 2105-2111
    • Chung, F.L.1    Chen, H.J.2    Nath, R.G.3
  • 36
    • 77952474110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers
    • Church TR, Anderson KE, Le C, et al. (2010a). Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers. Biomarkers 15:345-52.
    • (2010) Biomarkers , vol.15 , pp. 345-352
    • Church, T.R.1    Anderson Le, K.E.C.2
  • 37
    • 78449258014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of cyp1b1, cigarette-smoke carcinogen metabolism, and lung cancer risk
    • Church TR, Haznadar M, Geisser MS, et al. (2010b). Interaction of cyp1b1, cigarette-smoke carcinogen metabolism, and lung cancer risk. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet 1:295-309.
    • (2010) Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet , vol.1 , pp. 295-309
    • Church, T.R.1    Haznadar, M.2    Geisser, M.S.3
  • 38
    • 58449110294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers
    • Church TR, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, et al. (2009). A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:260-6.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 260-266
    • Church, T.R.1    Anderson, K.E.2    Caporaso, N.E.3
  • 39
    • 0027771047 scopus 로고
    • Can overnight urine replace 24-hour urine collection to measure urinary calcium in epidemiologic studies?
    • Cirillo M, Mellone M, De Santo NG. (1993). Can overnight urine replace 24-hour urine collection to measure urinary calcium in epidemiologic studies? Miner Electrolyte Metab 19:385-8.
    • (1993) Miner Electrolyte Metab , vol.19 , pp. 385-388
    • Cirillo, M.1    Mellone, M.2    De Santo, N.G.3
  • 40
    • 43249128039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic accuracy of urinary spot protein: Creatinine ratio for proteinuria in hypertensive pregnant women: Systematic review
    • Cote AM, Brown MA, Lam E, et al. (2008). Diagnostic accuracy of urinary spot protein:creatinine ratio for proteinuria in hypertensive pregnant women: systematic review. Br Med J 336:1003-6.
    • (2008) Br Med J , vol.336 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Cote, A.M.1    Brown, M.A.2    Lam, E.3
  • 41
    • 0028568658 scopus 로고
    • Genotyping for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism as a predictor of disease susceptibility
    • Daly AK, Cholerton S, Armstrong M, Idle JR. (1994). Genotyping for polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolism as a predictor of disease susceptibility. Environ Health Perspect 102:55-61.
    • (1994) Environ Health Perspect , vol.102 , pp. 55-61
    • Daly, A.K.1    Cholerton, S.2    Armstrong, M.3    Idle, J.R.4
  • 42
    • 67449095305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of six mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds in human urine
    • Ding YS, Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L, et al. (2009). Simultaneous determination of six mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds in human urine. Chem Res Toxicol 22:1018-25.
    • (2009) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 1018-1025
    • Ding, Y.S.1    Blount, B.C.2    Valentin-Blasini, L.3
  • 43
    • 0025647967 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of urine from smokers and non-smokers on a controlled non-mutagenic diet
    • Doolittle DJ, Rahn CA, Riccio E, et al. (1990). Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of urine from smokers and non-smokers on a controlled non-mutagenic diet. Food Chem Toxicol 28:639-46.
    • (1990) Food Chem Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 639-646
    • Doolittle, D.J.1    Rahn, C.A.2    Riccio, E.3
  • 44
    • 60549099955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo role of cytochrome p450 2e1 and glutathione-s-transferase activity for acrylamide toxicokinetics in humans
    • Doroshyenko O, Fuhr U, Kunz D, et al. (2009). In vivo role of cytochrome p450 2e1 and glutathione-s-transferase activity for acrylamide toxicokinetics in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:433-43.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 433-443
    • Doroshyenko, O.1    Fuhr, U.2    Kunz, D.3
  • 45
    • 84954358086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nqo1, mpo, cyp2e1, gstt1 and gstm1 polymorphisms and biological effects of benzene exposure - A literature review
    • Dougherty D, Garte S, Barchowsky A, et al. (2008). Nqo1, mpo, cyp2e1, gstt1 and gstm1 polymorphisms and biological effects of benzene exposure - a literature review. Toxicol Lett 182:7-17.
    • (2008) Toxicol Lett , vol.182 , pp. 7-17
    • Dougherty, D.1    Garte, S.2    Barchowsky, A.3
  • 46
    • 79958072359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mercapturic acids as metabolites of alkylating substances in urine samples of german inhabitants
    • Eckert E, Schmid K, Schaller B, et al. (2011). Mercapturic acids as metabolites of alkylating substances in urine samples of german inhabitants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 214:196-204.
    • (2011) Int J Hyg Environ Health , vol.214 , pp. 196-204
    • Eckert, E.1    Schmid, K.2    Schaller, B.3
  • 47
    • 0025814980 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
    • Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H. (1991). Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic Biol Med 11:81-28.
    • (1991) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.11 , pp. 81-28
    • Esterbauer, H.1    Schaur, R.J.2    Zollner, H.3
  • 48
    • 32844465445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, s-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid, 3-methyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine and thioethers as biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke
    • Feng S, Roethig HJ, Liang Q, et al. (2006). Evaluation of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene, s-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid, 3-methyladenine, 3-ethyladenine, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine and thioethers as biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke. Biomarkers 11:28-52.
    • (2006) Biomarkers , vol.11 , pp. 28-52
    • Feng, S.1    Roethig, H.J.2    Liang, Q.3
  • 49
    • 0033928081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: Effects of glutathione s-transferase t1-null and m1-null genotypes
    • Fennell TR, MacNeela JP, Morris RW, et al. (2000). Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione s-transferase t1-null and m1-null genotypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:705-12.
    • (2000) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.9 , pp. 705-712
    • Fennell, T.R.1    Macneela, J.P.2    Morris, R.W.3
  • 50
    • 27744536990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human udpglucuronosyltransferase 1a5: Identification, expression, and activity
    • Finel M, Li X, Gardner-Stephen D, et al. (2005). Human udpglucuronosyltransferase 1a5: identification, expression, and activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315:1143-9.
    • (2005) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.315 , pp. 1143-1149
    • Finel, M.1    Li, X.2    Gardner-Stephen, D.3
  • 51
    • 0003484310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration Rockville, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM)
    • Food and Drug Administration. (2001). Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation. Rockville, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM).
    • (2001) Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation
  • 52
    • 0026558384 scopus 로고
    • Effect of transdermal nicotine patches on cigarette smoking: A double blind crossover study
    • Foulds J, Stapleton J, Feyerabend C, et al. (1992). Effect of transdermal nicotine patches on cigarette smoking: a double blind crossover study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 106:421-7.
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.106 , pp. 421-427
    • Foulds, J.1    Stapleton, J.2    Feyerabend, C.3
  • 53
    • 0026632596 scopus 로고
    • Acetyl transferase-mediated metabolic activation of n-hydroxy-4- aminobiphenyl by human uroepithelial cells
    • Frederickson SM, Hatcher JF, Reznikoff CA, Swaminathan S. (1992). Acetyl transferase-mediated metabolic activation of n-hydroxy-4- aminobiphenyl by human uroepithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 13: 955-61.
    • (1992) Carcinogenesis , vol.13 , pp. 955-961
    • Frederickson, S.M.1    Hatcher, J.F.2    Reznikoff, C.A.3    Swaminathan, S.4
  • 54
    • 56149121187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers
    • Frost-Pineda K, Zedler BK, Oliveri D, et al. (2008a). Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 52:104-10.
    • (2008) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 104-110
    • Frost-Pineda, K.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Oliveri, D.3
  • 55
    • 56149115677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12-week clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers
    • Frost-Pineda K, Zedler BK, Oliveri D, et al. (2008b). 12-week clinical exposure evaluation of a third-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) in adult smokers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 52:111-17.
    • (2008) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 111-117
    • Frost-Pineda, K.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Oliveri, D.3
  • 56
    • 33644764646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicokinetics of acrylamide in humans after ingestion of a defined dose in a test meal to improve risk assessment for acrylamide carcinogenicity
    • Fuhr U, Boettcher MI, Kinzig-Schippers M, et al. (2006). Toxicokinetics of acrylamide in humans after ingestion of a defined dose in a test meal to improve risk assessment for acrylamide carcinogenicity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:266-71.
    • (2006) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.15 , pp. 266-271
    • Fuhr, U.1    Boettcher, M.I.2    Kinzig-Schippers, M.3
  • 57
    • 0036800703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of metabolic genotypes on biomarkers of exposure to 1, 3-butadiene in humans
    • Fustinoni S, Soleo L, Warholm M, et al. (2002). Influence of metabolic genotypes on biomarkers of exposure to 1, 3-butadiene in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1082-90.
    • (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.11 , pp. 1082-1090
    • Fustinoni, S.1    Soleo, L.2    Warholm, M.3
  • 58
    • 73349107435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elimination kinetics of the tobacco-specific biomarker and lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
    • Goniewicz ML, Havel CM, Peng MW, et al. (2009). Elimination kinetics of the tobacco-specific biomarker and lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanol. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:3421-5.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 3421-3425
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Havel, C.M.2    Peng, M.W.3
  • 59
    • 33645847529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach to the validation of biomarkers of harm for use in a tobacco context
    • Gregg EO, Fisher AL, Lowe F, et al. (2006). An approach to the validation of biomarkers of harm for use in a tobacco context. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 44:262-7.
    • (2006) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 262-267
    • Gregg, E.O.1    Fisher, A.L.2    Lowe, F.3
  • 60
    • 0033956424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of carcinogenic aromatic amines in the urine of non-smokers
    • Grimmer G, Dettbarn G, Seidel A, Jacob J. (2000). Detection of carcinogenic aromatic amines in the urine of non-smokers. Sci Total Environ 247:81-90.
    • (2000) Sci Total Environ , vol.247 , pp. 81-90
    • Grimmer, G.1    Dettbarn, G.2    Seidel, A.3    Jacob, J.4
  • 61
    • 33646434839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products
    • Hatsukami DK, Benowitz NL, Rennard SI, et al. (2006). Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products. Nicotine Tob Res 8:169-91.
    • (2006) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.8 , pp. 169-191
    • Hatsukami, D.K.1    Benowitz, N.L.2    Rennard, S.I.3
  • 62
    • 0038819073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of tobacco exposure or harm: Application to clinical and epidemiological studies
    • Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Hennrikus DJ, et al. (2003). Biomarkers of tobacco exposure or harm: application to clinical and epidemiological studies. Nicotine Tob Res 5:387-96.
    • (2003) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.5 , pp. 387-396
    • Hatsukami, D.K.1    Hecht, S.S.2    Hennrikus, D.J.3
  • 63
    • 34247537994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to ethylene oxide in hospitals: Biological monitoring and influence of glutathione s-transferase and epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms
    • Haufroid V, Merz B, Hofmann A, et al. (2007). Exposure to ethylene oxide in hospitals: biological monitoring and influence of glutathione s-transferase and epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:796-802.
    • (2007) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.16 , pp. 796-802
    • Haufroid, V.1    Merz, B.2    Hofmann, A.3
  • 64
    • 32944469912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of creatinine and specific gravity normalization techniques on xenobiotic biomarkers in smokers' spot and 24-h urines
    • Heavner DL, MorganWT, Sears SB, et al. (2006). Effect of creatinine and specific gravity normalization techniques on xenobiotic biomarkers in smokers' spot and 24-h urines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 40:928-42.
    • (2006) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.40 , pp. 928-942
    • Heavner, D.L.1    Morganwt Sears, S.B.2
  • 65
    • 0035226983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinogen biomarkers ofr lung or oral cancer chemoprevention trials
    • Hecht SS. (2001). Carcinogen biomarkers ofr lung or oral cancer chemoprevention trials. IARC Sci Pub 154:245-55.
    • (2001) IARC Sci Pub , vol.154 , pp. 245-255
    • Hecht, S.S.1
  • 66
    • 0033082421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation
    • Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, et al. (1999). Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res 59:590-6.
    • (1999) Cancer Res , vol.59 , pp. 590-596
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Carmella, S.G.2    Chen, M.3
  • 67
    • 10744230323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on the uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen
    • Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Carmella SG, et al. (2004). Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on the uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:107-15.
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 107-115
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Murphy, S.E.2    Carmella, S.G.3
  • 68
    • 77953773582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in product regulation and cancer prevention
    • Hecht SS, Yuan JM, Hatsukami D. (2010). Applying tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in product regulation and cancer prevention. Chem Res Toxicol 23:1001-8.
    • (2010) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Hecht, S.S.1    Yuan, J.M.2    Hatsukami, D.3
  • 69
    • 0035216232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (adh3) promoter
    • Hedberg JJ, Backlund M, Stromberg P, et al. (2001). Functional polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (adh3) promoter. Pharmacogenetics 11:815-24.
    • (2001) Pharmacogenetics , vol.11 , pp. 815-824
    • Hedberg, J.J.1    Backlund, M.2    Stromberg, P.3
  • 70
    • 0030605125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 1, 3-butadiene: Inhalation pharmacokinetics and tissue dosimetry of butadiene epoxides in rats and mice
    • Himmelstein MW, Turner MJ, Asgharian B, Bond JA. (1996). Metabolism of 1, 3-butadiene: inhalation pharmacokinetics and tissue dosimetry of butadiene epoxides in rats and mice. Toxicology 113:306-9.
    • (1996) Toxicology , vol.113 , pp. 306-309
    • Himmelstein, M.W.1    Turner, M.J.2    Asgharian, B.3    Bond, J.A.4
  • 71
    • 0034056852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The German environmental survey 1990/1992 (GERES II): Cadmium in blood, urine and hair of adults and children
    • Hoffmann K, Becker K, Friedrich C, et al. (2000). The German environmental survey 1990/1992 (GERES II): cadmium in blood, urine and hair of adults and children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 10:126-35.
    • (2000) J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 126-135
    • Hoffmann, K.1    Becker, K.2    Friedrich, C.3
  • 72
    • 0031240938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated online sample pretreatment system for the determination of trace metals in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
    • Huang C-C, Yang M-H. (1997). Automated online sample pretreatment system for the determination of trace metals in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 69: 3930-9.
    • (1997) Anal Chem , vol.69 , pp. 3930-3939
    • Huang, C.-C.1    Yang, M.-H.2
  • 73
    • 79955479432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of CYP2E1, GST and MEH genetic polymorphisms with urinary acrylamide metabolites in workers exposed to acrylamide
    • Huang YF, Chen ML, Liou SH, et al. (2011a). Association of CYP2E1, GST and MEH genetic polymorphisms with urinary acrylamide metabolites in workers exposed to acrylamide. Toxicol Lett 203: 118-26.
    • (2011) Toxicol Lett , vol.203 , pp. 118-126
    • Huang, Y.F.1    Chen, M.L.2    Liou, S.H.3
  • 74
    • 79955966753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological monitoring for occupational acrylamide exposure from acrylamide production workers
    • Huang YF, Wu KY, Liou SH, et al. (2011b). Biological monitoring for occupational acrylamide exposure from acrylamide production workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 84:303-13.
    • (2011) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.84 , pp. 303-313
    • Huang, Y.F.1    Wu, K.Y.2    Liou, S.H.3
  • 78
    • 84874756906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization [last accessed 23 Apr 2013]
    • International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2012). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. In: Agents classified by the IARC monographs, Vols. 1-104. Available from: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/ Classification/index.php and http:// monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ index.php: World Health Organization [last accessed 23 Apr 2013].
    • (2012) Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs , vol.1
  • 82
    • 0026532617 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to passive smoking among bar staff
    • Jarvis MJ, Foulds J, Feyerabend C. (1992). Exposure to passive smoking among bar staff. Br J Addict 87:111-13.
    • (1992) Br J Addict , vol.87 , pp. 111-113
    • Jarvis, M.J.1    Foulds, J.2    Feyerabend, C.3
  • 83
    • 0022527456 scopus 로고
    • Biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolites in urine
    • Jongeneelen FJ, Bos RP, Anzion RB, et al. (1986). Biological monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolites in urine. Scand J Work Environ Health 12:137-43.
    • (1986) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.12 , pp. 137-143
    • Jongeneelen, F.J.1    Bos, R.P.2    Anzion, R.B.3
  • 84
    • 72949106216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines in urine of smokers and non-smokers
    • Kavvadias D, Scherer G, Cheung F, et al. (2009a). Determination of tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines in urine of smokers and non-smokers. Biomarkers 14:547-53.
    • (2009) Biomarkers , vol.14 , pp. 547-553
    • Kavvadias, D.1    Scherer, G.2    Cheung, F.3
  • 85
    • 63249106893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of four tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines (TSNA) in human urine
    • Kavvadias D, Scherer G, Urban M, et al. (2009b). Simultaneous determination of four tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines (TSNA) in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 877: 1185-92.
    • (2009) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.877 , pp. 1185-1192
    • Kavvadias, D.1    Scherer, G.2    Urban, M.3
  • 86
    • 0027495621 scopus 로고
    • Epoxidation of acrylonitrile by rat and human cytochromes p450
    • Kedderis GL, Batra R, Koop DR. (1993). Epoxidation of acrylonitrile by rat and human cytochromes p450. Chem Res Toxicol. 6:866-71.
    • (1993) Chem Res Toxicol. , vol.6 , pp. 866-871
    • Kedderis, G.L.1    Batra, R.2    Koop, D.R.3
  • 87
    • 77950629575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of hydroquinone and catechol in peripheral blood of benzene-exposed workers
    • Kerzic PJ, Liu WS, Pan MT, et al. (2010). Analysis of hydroquinone and catechol in peripheral blood of benzene-exposed workers. Chemico-Biological Interactions 184:182-8.
    • (2010) Chemico-Biological Interactions , vol.184 , pp. 182-188
    • Kerzic, P.J.1    Liu, W.S.2    Pan, M.T.3
  • 88
    • 0031595916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-diol by human cytochrome p450 1b1
    • Kim JH, Stansbury KH, Walker NJ, et al. (1998). Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-diol by human cytochrome p450 1b1. Carcinogenesis 19:1847-53.
    • (1998) Carcinogenesis , vol.19 , pp. 1847-1853
    • Kim, J.H.1    Stansbury, K.H.2    Walker, N.J.3
  • 89
    • 33645276003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using urinary biomarkers to elucidate dose-related patterns of human benzene metabolism
    • Kim S, Vermeulen R, Waidyanatha S, et al. (2006). Using urinary biomarkers to elucidate dose-related patterns of human benzene metabolism. Carcinogenesis 27:772-81.
    • (2006) Carcinogenesis , vol.27 , pp. 772-781
    • Kim, S.1    Vermeulen, R.2    Waidyanatha, S.3
  • 90
    • 0032820660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyp1a2 is not the primary enzyme responsible for 4-aminobiphenyl-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
    • Kimura S, Kawabe M, Ward JM, et al. (1999). Cyp1a2 is not the primary enzyme responsible for 4-aminobiphenyl-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis 20:1825-30.
    • (1999) Carcinogenesis , vol.20 , pp. 1825-1830
    • Kimura, S.1    Kawabe, M.2    Ward, J.M.3
  • 91
    • 80053025107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of trihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid, a urinary metabolite of 1, 3-butadiene, in humans
    • Kotapati S, Matter BA, Grant AL, Tretyakova NY. (2011). Quantitative analysis of trihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid, a urinary metabolite of 1, 3-butadiene, in humans. Chem Res Toxicol 24:1516-26.
    • (2011) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 1516-1526
    • Kotapati, S.1    Matter, B.A.2    Grant, A.L.3    Tretyakova, N.Y.4
  • 92
    • 32644445651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in the urine of smokers and non-smokers
    • Lafontaine M, Champmartin C, Simon P, et al. (2006). 3-Hydroxybenzo[a] pyrene in the urine of smokers and non-smokers. Toxicol Lett 162:181-5.
    • (2006) Toxicol Lett , vol.162 , pp. 181-185
    • Lafontaine, M.1    Champmartin, C.2    Simon, P.3
  • 93
    • 27444436445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype correlation between the polymorphic UGT2B17 gene deletion and NNAL glucuronidation activities in human liver microsomes
    • Lazarus P, Zheng Y, Aaron Runkle E, et al. (2005). Genotype-phenotype correlation between the polymorphic UGT2B17 gene deletion and NNAL glucuronidation activities in human liver microsomes. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15:769-78.
    • (2005) Pharmacogenet Genomics , vol.15 , pp. 769-778
    • Lazarus, P.1    Zheng, Y.2    Aaron Runkle, E.3
  • 94
    • 32544451155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fit-for-purpose method development and validation for successful biomarker measurement
    • Lee JW, Devanarayan V, Barrett YC, et al. (2006). Fit-for-purpose method development and validation for successful biomarker measurement. Pharm Res 23:312-18.
    • (2006) Pharm Res , vol.23 , pp. 312-318
    • Lee, J.W.1    Devanarayan, V.2    Barrett, Y.C.3
  • 95
    • 0035958862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of the beta-oglucuronide conjugate of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Requirement for glutathione or a nonsulfur- containing analog
    • Leslie EM, Ito K, Upadhyaya P, et al. (2001). Transport of the beta-oglucuronide conjugate of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) by the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Requirement for glutathione or a nonsulfur- containing analog. J Biol Chem 276:27846-54.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 27846-27854
    • Leslie, E.M.1    Ito, K.2    Upadhyaya, P.3
  • 96
    • 33751184581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the metabolism on tobaccospecific n-nitrosamines in the rabbit by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Li C, Wen D, Zhang J, et al. (2006). Study of the metabolism on tobaccospecific n-nitrosamines in the rabbit by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:1985-93.
    • (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.386 , pp. 1985-1993
    • Li, C.1    Wen, D.2    Zhang, J.3
  • 97
    • 79960097498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers and nonsmokers in a European, multicenter, observational study
    • Lindner D, Smith S, Leroy CM, Tricker AR. (2011). Comparison of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers and nonsmokers in a European, multicenter, observational study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20:1524-36.
    • (2011) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.20 , pp. 1524-1536
    • Lindner, D.1    Smith, S.2    Leroy, C.M.3    Tricker, A.R.4
  • 98
    • 4043058167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (bpde)-DNA adduct levels in leukocytes of smokers in relation to polymorphism of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and MEH
    • Lodovici M, Luceri C, Guglielmi F, et al. (2004). Benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (bpde)-DNA adduct levels in leukocytes of smokers in relation to polymorphism of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and MEH. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:1342-8.
    • (2004) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.13 , pp. 1342-1348
    • Lodovici, M.1    Luceri, C.2    Guglielmi, F.3
  • 99
    • 70249093999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of S-[1-(N2-deoxyguanosinyl)methyl]glutathione between glutathione and DNA induced by formaldehyde
    • Lu K, Ye W, Gold A, et al. (2009). Formation of S-[1-(N2- deoxyguanosinyl)methyl]glutathione between glutathione and DNA induced by formaldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 131:3414-15.
    • (2009) J Am Chem Soc , vol.131 , pp. 3414-3415
    • Lu, K.1    Ye, W.2    Gold, A.3
  • 100
    • 0034942528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucuronidation of 1-hydroxypyrene by human liver microsomes and human UDPglucuronosyltransferases UGT1A6, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9: Development of a high-sensitivity glucuronidation assay for human tissue
    • Luukkanen L, Mikkola J, Forsman T, et al. (2001). Glucuronidation of 1-hydroxypyrene by human liver microsomes and human UDPglucuronosyltransferases UGT1A6, UGT1A7, and UGT1A9: development of a high-sensitivity glucuronidation assay for human tissue. Drug Metab Dispos 29:1096-101.
    • (2001) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.29 , pp. 1096-1101
    • Luukkanen, L.1    Mikkola, J.2    Forsman, T.3
  • 101
    • 77249165476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to low levels of benzene: Biomarkers of exposure and nucleic acid oxidation and their modulation by polymorphic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes
    • Manini P, De Palma G, Andreoli R, et al. (2010). Occupational exposure to low levels of benzene: biomarkers of exposure and nucleic acid oxidation and their modulation by polymorphic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Lett 193:229-35.
    • (2010) Toxicol Lett , vol.193 , pp. 229-235
    • Manini, P.1    De Palma, G.2    Andreoli, R.3
  • 102
    • 77950124657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of 24-hour sodium excretion from spot urine samples
    • Mann SJ, Gerber LM. (2010). Estimation of 24-hour sodium excretion from spot urine samples. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 12:174-80.
    • (2010) J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) , Issue.12 , pp. 174-180
    • Mann, S.J.1    Gerber, L.M.2
  • 103
    • 84864297265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low occupational exposure to benzene in a petrochemical plant: Modulating effect of genetic polymorphisms and smoking habit on the urinary T, T-MA/SPMA ratio
    • Mansi A, Bruni R, Capone P, et al. (2012). Low occupational exposure to benzene in a petrochemical plant: modulating effect of genetic polymorphisms and smoking habit on the urinary T, T-MA/SPMA ratio. Toxicol Lett 213:57-62.
    • (2012) Toxicol Lett , vol.213 , pp. 57-62
    • Mansi, A.1    Bruni, R.2    Capone, P.3
  • 104
    • 33344470911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of AKR1B10 from human liver: Role in carbonyl reduction of xenobiotics
    • Martin H-J, Breyer-Pfaff U, Wsol V, et al. (2006). Purification and characterization of AKR1B10 from human liver: role in carbonyl reduction of xenobiotics. Drug Metab Dispos 34:464-70.
    • (2006) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.34 , pp. 464-470
    • Martin, H.-J.1    Breyer-Pfaff, U.2    Wsol, V.3
  • 105
    • 0035808607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid in human urine
    • Mascher DG, Mascher HJ, Scherer G, Schmid ER. (2001). High-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid in human urine. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 750:163-9.
    • (2001) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.750 , pp. 163-169
    • Mascher, D.G.1    Mascher, H.J.2    Scherer, G.3    Schmid, E.R.4
  • 107
    • 34548860392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary cadmium levels and tobacco smoke exposure in women age 20-69 years in the United States
    • McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trentham-Dietz A, et al. (2007b). Urinary cadmium levels and tobacco smoke exposure in women age 20-69 years in the United States. J Toxicol Environ Health A 70:1779-82.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.70 , pp. 1779-1782
    • McElroy, J.A.1    Shafer, M.M.2    Trentham-Dietz, A.3
  • 108
    • 0033971952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) -related exposure to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
    • Meger M, Meger-Kossien I, Riedel K, Scherer G. (2000). Biomonitoring of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related exposure to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Biomarkers 5:33-45.
    • (2000) Biomarkers , vol.5 , pp. 33-45
    • Meger, M.1    Meger-Kossien, I.2    Riedel, K.3    Scherer, G.4
  • 110
    • 79251519004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of the acrylonitrile metabolite 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid is correlated with a variety of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and consumption
    • Minet E, Cheung F, Errington G, et al. (2011a). Urinary excretion of the acrylonitrile metabolite 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid is correlated with a variety of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and consumption. Biomarkers 16:89-96.
    • (2011) Biomarkers , vol.16 , pp. 89-96
    • Minet, E.1    Cheung, F.2    Errington, G.3
  • 111
    • 80053596208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inter-laboratory comparison of urinary 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid measurement demonstrates good reproducibility between laboratories
    • Minet E, Errington G, Scherer G, et al. (2011b). An inter-laboratory comparison of urinary 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid measurement demonstrates good reproducibility between laboratories. BMC Res Notes 4:391-6.
    • (2011) BMC Res Notes , vol.4 , pp. 391-396
    • Minet, E.1    Errington, G.2    Scherer, G.3
  • 112
    • 0031785308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethylene oxide-protein adduct formation in humans: Influence of glutathione-s-transferase polymorphisms
    • Muller M, Kramer A, Angerer J, Hallier E. (1998). Ethylene oxide-protein adduct formation in humans: influence of glutathione-s-transferase polymorphisms. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 71:499-502.
    • (1998) Int Arch Occup Environ Health , vol.71 , pp. 499-502
    • Muller, M.1    Kramer, A.2    Angerer, J.3    Hallier, E.4
  • 113
    • 0034168066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why and how to measure urinary sex steroid metabolites in epidemiological studies in women
    • Muti P, Deutsch A, Freudenheim J, et al. (2000). Why and how to measure urinary sex steroid metabolites in epidemiological studies in women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 10:85-91.
    • (2000) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis , vol.10 , pp. 85-91
    • Muti, P.1    Deutsch, A.2    Freudenheim, J.3
  • 114
    • 0032518993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1, N2- propanodeoxyguanosine adducts: Potential new biomarkers of smoking-induced DNA damage in human oral tissue
    • Nath RG, Ocando JE, Guttenplan JB, Chung FL. (1998). 1, N2- propanodeoxyguanosine adducts: potential new biomarkers of smoking-induced DNA damage in human oral tissue. Cancer Res 58:581-4.
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 581-584
    • Nath, R.G.1    Ocando, J.E.2    Guttenplan, J.B.3    Chung, F.L.4
  • 115
    • 0033785547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in non-occupationally exposed individuals
    • Nerurkar PV, Okinaka L, Aoki C, et al. (2000). CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in non-occupationally exposed individuals. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:1119-22.
    • (2000) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.9 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Nerurkar, P.V.1    Okinaka, L.2    Aoki, C.3
  • 116
    • 0032536735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of 1, 3- butadiene to (R)- and (S)-butadiene monoxide by purified recombinant cytochrome p450 2E1 from rabbit, rat and human
    • Nieusma JL, Claffey DJ, Koop DR, et al. (1998). Oxidation of 1, 3- butadiene to (R)- and (S)-butadiene monoxide by purified recombinant cytochrome p450 2E1 from rabbit, rat and human. Toxicol Lett 95: 123-9.
    • (1998) Toxicol Lett , vol.95 , pp. 123-129
    • Nieusma, J.L.1    Claffey, D.J.2    Koop, D.R.3
  • 117
    • 84855169062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmarketing surveillance for ''modified-risk'' tobacco products
    • O'Connor RJ. (2012). Postmarketing surveillance for ''modified-risk'' tobacco products. Nicotine Tob Res 14:29-42.
    • (2012) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.14 , pp. 29-42
    • O'Connor, R.J.1
  • 118
    • 0034213865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic efficiencies of allelic variants of human glutathione S-transferase PI in the glutathione conjugation of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes
    • Pal A, Hu X, Zimniak P, Singh SV. (2000). Catalytic efficiencies of allelic variants of human glutathione S-transferase PI in the glutathione conjugation of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Cancer Lett 154:39-43.
    • (2000) Cancer Lett , vol.154 , pp. 39-43
    • Pal, A.1    Hu, X.2    Zimniak, P.3    Singh, S.V.4
  • 119
    • 0034004951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of the U.S. Population aged 6 years and older to cadmium: 1988-1994
    • Paschal DC, Burt V, Caudill SP, et al. (2000). Exposure of the U.S. population aged 6 years and older to cadmium: 1988-1994. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 38:377-83.
    • (2000) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 377-383
    • Paschal, D.C.1    Burt, V.2    Caudill, S.P.3
  • 120
    • 0031419535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for cytochrome p450 2A6 and 3A4 as major catalysts for n0-nitrosonornicotine alphahydroxylation by human liver microsomes
    • Patten CJ, Smith TJ, Friesen MJ, et al. (1997). Evidence for cytochrome p450 2A6 and 3A4 as major catalysts for n0-nitrosonornicotine alphahydroxylation by human liver microsomes. Carcinogenesis 18: 1623-30.
    • (1997) Carcinogenesis , vol.18 , pp. 1623-1630
    • Patten, C.J.1    Smith, T.J.2    Friesen, M.J.3
  • 121
    • 0025866780 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between urinary nicotine or cotinine and urinary mutagenicity in smokers on controlled diets
    • Rahn CA, Howard G, Riccio E, Doolittle DJ. (1991). Correlations between urinary nicotine or cotinine and urinary mutagenicity in smokers on controlled diets. Environ Mol Mutagen 17:244-52.
    • (1991) Environ Mol Mutagen , vol.17 , pp. 244-252
    • Rahn, C.A.1    Howard, G.2    Riccio, E.3    Doolittle, D.J.4
  • 122
    • 33747196141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of three carcinogenic aromatic amines in urine of smokers and nonsmokers
    • Riedel K, Scherer G, Engl J, et al. (2006). Determination of three carcinogenic aromatic amines in urine of smokers and nonsmokers. J Anal Toxicol 30:187-95.
    • (2006) J Anal Toxicol , vol.30 , pp. 187-195
    • Riedel, K.1    Scherer, G.2    Engl, J.3
  • 123
    • 41849115533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a secondgeneration electrically heated cigarette smoking system
    • Roethig HJ, Feng S, Liang Q, et al. (2008). A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a secondgeneration electrically heated cigarette smoking system. J Clin Pharmacol 48:580-91.
    • (2008) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 580-591
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Feng, S.2    Liang, Q.3
  • 124
    • 16844382109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term exposure evaluation of adult smokers switching from conventional to firstgeneration electrically heated cigarettes during controlled smoking
    • Roethig HJ, Kinser RD, Lau RW, et al. (2005). Short-term exposure evaluation of adult smokers switching from conventional to firstgeneration electrically heated cigarettes during controlled smoking. J Clin Pharmacol 45:133-45.
    • (2005) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.45 , pp. 133-145
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Kinser, R.D.2    Lau, R.W.3
  • 125
    • 33947511434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system
    • Roethig HJ, Zedler BK, Kinser RD, et al. (2007). Short-term clinical exposure evaluation of a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system. J Clin Pharmacol 47:518-30.
    • (2007) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 518-530
    • Roethig, H.J.1    Zedler, B.K.2    Kinser, R.D.3
  • 126
    • 0032879511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphisms influence variability in benzene metabolism in humans
    • Rossi AM, Guarnieri C, Rovesti S, et al. (1999). Genetic polymorphisms influence variability in benzene metabolism in humans. Pharmacogenetics 9:445-51.
    • (1999) Pharmacogenetics , vol.9 , pp. 445-451
    • Rossi, A.M.1    Guarnieri, C.2    Rovesti, S.3
  • 127
    • 0028945743 scopus 로고
    • Determination of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Ruppert T, Scherer G, Tricker AR, et al. (1995). Determination of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 666:71-6.
    • (1995) J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl , vol.666 , pp. 71-76
    • Ruppert, T.1    Scherer, G.2    Tricker, A.R.3
  • 128
    • 0017144440 scopus 로고
    • Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes: A new approach to safer smoking
    • Russell MAH. (1976). Low-tar medium-nicotine cigarettes: a new approach to safer smoking. BMJ 1:1430-3.
    • (1976) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 1430-1433
    • Russell, M.A.H.1
  • 129
    • 57049083924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies
    • Sarkar M, Kapur S, Frost-Pineda K, et al. (2008). Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies. Nicotine Tob Res 10: 1761-72.
    • (2008) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.10 , pp. 1761-1772
    • Sarkar, M.1    Kapur, S.2    Frost-Pineda, K.3
  • 130
    • 77950258356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers using marlboro snus
    • Sarkar M, Liu J, Koval T, et al. (2010). Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers using marlboro snus. Nicotine Tob Res 12:105-16.
    • (2010) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.12 , pp. 105-116
    • Sarkar, M.1    Liu, J.2    Koval, T.3
  • 131
    • 33744519928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotyping and 3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adduct levels in smokers and non-smokers
    • Sarkar M, Stabbert R, Kinser RD, et al. (2006). CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotyping and 3-aminobiphenyl and 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adduct levels in smokers and non-smokers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213:198-206.
    • (2006) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.213 , pp. 198-206
    • Sarkar, M.1    Stabbert, R.2    Kinser, R.D.3
  • 132
    • 0032801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking behaviour and compensation: A review of the literature
    • Scherer G. (1999). Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 145:1-20.
    • (1999) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.145 , pp. 1-20
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 133
    • 0030830056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A critical reappraisal
    • Scherer G, Richter E. (1997). Biomonitoring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): a critical reappraisal. Hum Exp Toxicol 16: 449-59.
    • (1997) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.16 , pp. 449-459
    • Scherer, G.1    Richter, E.2
  • 134
    • 21244482013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of inhaled complex mixtures - Ambient air, diesel exhaust and cigarette smoke
    • Scherer G. (2005). Biomonitoring of inhaled complex mixtures - ambient air, diesel exhaust and cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol 57:75-110.
    • (2005) Exp Toxicol Pathol , vol.57 , pp. 75-110
    • Scherer, G.1
  • 135
    • 33846781400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany
    • Scherer G, Engl J, Urban M, et al. (2007a). Relationship between machine-derived smoke yields and biomarkers in cigarette smokers in Germany. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 47:171-83.
    • (2007) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 171-183
    • Scherer, G.1    Engl, J.2    Urban, M.3
  • 136
    • 0034102582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomonitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of nonoccupationally exposed persons
    • Scherer G, Frank S, Riedel K, et al. (2000). Biomonitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of nonoccupationally exposed persons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:373-80.
    • (2000) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.9 , pp. 373-380
    • Scherer, G.1    Frank, S.2    Riedel, K.3
  • 137
    • 0031666178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis and evaluation of trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for benzene exposure
    • Scherer G, Renner T, Meger M. (1998). Analysis and evaluation of trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for benzene exposure. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 717:179-99.
    • (1998) J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl , vol.717 , pp. 179-199
    • Scherer, G.1    Renner, T.2    Meger, M.3
  • 138
    • 33745238958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of smoking charcoal filter tipped cigarettes on various biomarkers of exposure
    • Scherer G, Urban M, Engl J, et al. (2006). Influence of smoking charcoal filter tipped cigarettes on various biomarkers of exposure. Inhal Toxicol 18:821-9.
    • (2006) Inhal Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 821-829
    • Scherer, G.1    Urban, M.2    Engl, J.3
  • 139
    • 33847019232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of two mercapturic acids related to crotonaldehyde in human urine: Influence of smoking
    • Scherer G, Urban M, Hagedorn HW, et al. (2007b). Determination of two mercapturic acids related to crotonaldehyde in human urine: influence of smoking. Hum Exp Toxicol 26:37-47.
    • (2007) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.26 , pp. 37-47
    • Scherer, G.1    Urban, M.2    Hagedorn, H.W.3
  • 140
    • 77956882558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl- and 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acids as biomarkers of exposure to alkylating agents in cigarette smoke
    • Scherer G, Urban M, Hagedorn HW, et al. (2010). Determination of methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl- and 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acids as biomarkers of exposure to alkylating agents in cigarette smoke. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878:2520-8.
    • (2010) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.878 , pp. 2520-2528
    • Scherer, G.1    Urban, M.2    Hagedorn, H.W.3
  • 141
    • 59549094580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for the quantification of biomarkers of exposure to acrylonitrile and 1, 3-butadiene in human urine by column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    • Schettgen T, Musiol A, Alt A, et al. (2009). A method for the quantification of biomarkers of exposure to acrylonitrile and 1, 3-butadiene in human urine by column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 393:969-81.
    • (2009) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.393 , pp. 969-981
    • Schettgen, T.1    Musiol, A.2    Alt, A.3
  • 142
    • 39249085060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone-releasing DNA adducts in lung, lower esophagus and cardia of sudden death victims
    • Schlöbe D, Hölzle D, Hatz D, et al. (2008). 4-Hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone-releasing DNA adducts in lung, lower esophagus and cardia of sudden death victims. Toxicology 245:154-61.
    • (2008) Toxicology , vol.245 , pp. 154-161
    • Schlöbe, D.1    Hölzle, D.2    Hatz, D.3
  • 143
    • 0028785821 scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of 1, 2-epoxy-3- butene to 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane by CDNA-expressed human cytochromes p450 2E1 and 3A4 and human, mouse and rat liver microsomes
    • Seaton MJ, Follansbee MH, Bond JA. (1995). Oxidation of 1, 2-epoxy-3- butene to 1, 2:3, 4-diepoxybutane by CDNA-expressed human cytochromes p450 2E1 and 3A4 and human, mouse and rat liver microsomes. Carcinogenesis 16:2287-93.
    • (1995) Carcinogenesis , vol.16 , pp. 2287-2293
    • Seaton, M.J.1    Follansbee, M.H.2    Bond, J.A.3
  • 144
    • 79955119129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl in smoker's and nonsmoker's urine by tandem mass spectrometry
    • Seyler TH, Bernert JT. (2011). Analysis of 4-aminobiphenyl in smoker's and nonsmoker's urine by tandem mass spectrometry. Biomarkers 16: 212-21.
    • (2011) Biomarkers , vol.16 , pp. 212-221
    • Seyler, T.H.1    Bernert, J.T.2
  • 145
    • 65249125812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified method for the determination of tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine by solid phase extraction using a molecularly imprinted polymer and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
    • Shah KA, Halquist MS, Karnes HT. (2009). A modified method for the determination of tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine by solid phase extraction using a molecularly imprinted polymer and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 877:1575-82.
    • (2009) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.877 , pp. 1575-1582
    • Shah, K.A.1    Halquist, M.S.2    Karnes, H.T.3
  • 146
    • 69049094827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study to estimate and correlate cigarette smoke exposure in smokers in Germany as determined by filter analysis and biomarkers of exposure
    • Shepperd CJ, Eldridge AC, Mariner DC, et al. (2009). A study to estimate and correlate cigarette smoke exposure in smokers in Germany as determined by filter analysis and biomarkers of exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 55:97-109.
    • (2009) Regul Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 97-109
    • Shepperd, C.J.1    Eldridge, A.C.2    Mariner, D.C.3
  • 147
    • 1142275258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens by cytochromes p450 1A1 and 1B1
    • Shimada T, Fujii-Kuriyama Y. (2004). Metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogens by cytochromes p450 1A1 and 1B1. Cancer Sci 95:1-6.
    • (2004) Cancer Sci , vol.95 , pp. 1-6
    • Shimada, T.1    Fujii-Kuriyama, Y.2
  • 148
    • 0032838774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to trans-7, 8-dihydroxy-7, 8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene by recombinant human cytochrome p450 1B1 and purified liver epoxide hydrolase
    • Shimada T, Gillam EM, Oda Y, et al. (1999). Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to trans-7, 8-dihydroxy-7, 8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene by recombinant human cytochrome p450 1B1 and purified liver epoxide hydrolase. Chem Res Toxicol 12:623-9.
    • (1999) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.12 , pp. 623-629
    • Shimada, T.1    Gillam, E.M.2    Oda, Y.3
  • 149
    • 0030603198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human urine mutagenicity study comparing cigarettes which burn or primarily heat tobacco
    • Smith CJ, McKarns SC, Davis RA, et al. (1996). Human urine mutagenicity study comparing cigarettes which burn or primarily heat tobacco. Mutat Res 361:1-9.
    • (1996) Mutat Res , vol.361 , pp. 1-9
    • Smith, C.J.1    McKarns, S.C.2    Davis, R.A.3
  • 150
    • 84859877304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure and kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smokers
    • St Helen G, Goniewicz ML, Dempsey D, et al. (2012). Exposure and kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 25:952-64.
    • (2012) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 952-964
    • St Helen, G.1    Goniewicz, M.L.2    Dempsey, D.3
  • 151
    • 84873979437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure
    • St Helen G, Dempsey D, Wilson M, et al. (2013). Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure. Addiction 108:607-17.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 607-617
    • St Helen, G.1    Dempsey, D.2    Wilson, M.3
  • 152
    • 77957134124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mitochondrial acetaldehyde-metabolizing enzyme
    • Stagos D, Chen Y, Brocker C, et al. (2010). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1: molecular cloning and characterization of a novel mitochondrial acetaldehyde-metabolizing enzyme. Drug Metab Dispos 38:1679-87.
    • (2010) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.38 , pp. 1679-1687
    • Stagos, D.1    Chen, Y.2    Brocker, C.3
  • 153
    • 16444374852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco-specific nitrosamines and their pyridine-N-glucuronides in the urine of smokers and smokeless tobacco users
    • Stepanov I, Hecht SS. (2005). Tobacco-specific nitrosamines and their pyridine-N-glucuronides in the urine of smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:885-91.
    • (2005) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.14 , pp. 885-891
    • Stepanov, I.1    Hecht, S.S.2
  • 154
    • 84872592864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of 4-hydroxy-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing DNA adducts in human exfoliated oral mucosa cells by liquid chromatography- electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    • [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1021/tx300282k
    • Stepanov I, Muzic J, Le CT, et al. (2013). Analysis of 4-hydroxy-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB)-releasing DNA adducts in human exfoliated oral mucosa cells by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1021/tx300282k.
    • (2013) Chem Res Toxicol.
    • Stepanov, I.1    Muzic Le, J.C.T.2
  • 155
    • 84865274397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and quantification of 1-hydroxybutene-2-yl mercapturic acid in human urine by UPLC-HILIC-MS/MS as a novel biomarker for 1, 3-butadiene exposure
    • Sterz K, Scherer G, Krumsiek J, et al. (2012). Identification and quantification of 1-hydroxybutene-2-yl mercapturic acid in human urine by UPLC-HILIC-MS/MS as a novel biomarker for 1, 3-butadiene exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 25:1565-7.
    • (2012) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 1565-1567
    • Sterz, K.1    Scherer, G.2    Krumsiek, J.3
  • 156
    • 77953026084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction or inhibition of cytochrome p450 2E1 modifies the acute toxicity of acrylonitrile in rats: Biochemical evidence
    • Suhua W, Rongzhu L, Wenrong X, et al. (2010). Induction or inhibition of cytochrome p450 2E1 modifies the acute toxicity of acrylonitrile in rats: biochemical evidence. Arch Toxicol 84:461-9.
    • (2010) Arch Toxicol , vol.84 , pp. 461-469
    • Suhua, W.1    Rongzhu, L.2    Wenrong, X.3
  • 157
    • 64549158497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involuntary tobacco smoke exposure and urinary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the United States, 1999 to 2002
    • Suwan-Ampai P, Navas-Acien A, Strickland PT, Agnew J. (2009). Involuntary tobacco smoke exposure and urinary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the United States, 1999 to 2002. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:884-893.
    • (2009) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.18 , pp. 884-893
    • Suwan-Ampai, P.1    Navas-Acien, A.2    Strickland, P.T.3    Agnew, J.4
  • 158
    • 77955919076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of GSTs, CYP2E1 and MEH polymorphisms on 1, 3-butadiene-induced micronucleus frequency in Chinese workers
    • Tan H, Wang Q, Wang A, et al. (2010). Influence of GSTs, CYP2E1 and MEH polymorphisms on 1, 3-butadiene-induced micronucleus frequency in Chinese workers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 247:198-203.
    • (2010) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.247 , pp. 198-203
    • Tan, H.1    Wang, Q.2    Wang, A.3
  • 159
    • 84877956751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated 4-aminobiphenyl and 2, 6- dimethylaniline hemoglobin adducts and increased risk of bladder cancer among lifelong nonsmokers - The Shanghai bladder cancer study
    • Tao L, Day BW, Hu B, et al. (2013). Elevated 4-aminobiphenyl and 2, 6- dimethylaniline hemoglobin adducts and increased risk of bladder cancer among lifelong nonsmokers - the Shanghai bladder cancer study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 22:937-45.
    • (2013) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.22 , pp. 937-945
    • Tao, L.1    Day, B.W.2    Hu, B.3
  • 160
    • 0037077394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs
    • Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P, et al. (2002). Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem 50: 4998-5006.
    • (2002) J Agric Food Chem , vol.50 , pp. 4998-5006
    • Tareke, E.1    Rydberg, P.2    Karlsson, P.3
  • 161
    • 84856099278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability in the metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) to 4-(methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal)
    • Ter-Minassian M, Asomaning K, Zhao Y, et al. (2012). Genetic variability in the metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal). Int J Cancer 130:1338-46.
    • (2012) Int J Cancer , vol.130 , pp. 1338-1346
    • Ter-Minassian, M.1    Asomaning, K.2    Zhao, Y.3
  • 162
    • 0035479511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome p450 2E1 enzyme on the metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile
    • Thier R, Balkenhol H, Lewalter J, et al. (2001). Influence of polymorphisms of the human glutathione transferases and cytochrome p450 2E1 enzyme on the metabolism and toxicity of ethylene oxide and acrylonitrile. Mutat Res 482:41-6.
    • (2001) Mutat Res , vol.482 , pp. 41-46
    • Thier, R.1    Balkenhol, H.2    Lewalter, J.3
  • 163
    • 0037051181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible impact of human CYP2E1 polymorphisms on the metabolism of acrylonitrile
    • Thier R, Lewalter J, Selinski S, Bolt HM. (2002). Possible impact of human CYP2E1 polymorphisms on the metabolism of acrylonitrile. Toxicol Lett 128:249-55.
    • (2002) Toxicol Lett , vol.128 , pp. 249-255
    • Thier, R.1    Lewalter, J.2    Selinski, S.3    Bolt, H.M.4
  • 164
    • 75949088522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde dehydrogenase: Beyond phase i metabolism
    • Thompson CM, Ceder R, Grafstrom RC. (2010). Formaldehyde dehydrogenase: beyond phase I metabolism. Toxicol Lett 193:1-3.
    • (2010) Toxicol Lett , vol.193 , pp. 1-3
    • Thompson, C.M.1    Ceder, R.2    Grafstrom, R.C.3
  • 166
    • 0036784475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of N0-nitrosonornicotine in the Patas monkey
    • Upadhyaya P, Zimmerman CL, Hecht SS. (2002). Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of N0-nitrosonornicotine in the Patas monkey. Drug Metab Dispos 30:1115-22.
    • (2002) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.30 , pp. 1115-1122
    • Upadhyaya, P.1    Zimmerman, C.L.2    Hecht, S.S.3
  • 167
    • 1542713538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the major mercapturic acids of 1, 3-butadiene in human and rat urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
    • Urban M, Gilch G, Schepers G, et al. (2003). Determination of the major mercapturic acids of 1, 3-butadiene in human and rat urine using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 796:131-40.
    • (2003) J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , vol.796 , pp. 131-140
    • Urban, M.1    Gilch, G.2    Schepers, G.3
  • 168
    • 33745242875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary mercapturic acids and a hemoglobin adduct for the dosimetry of acrylamide exposure in smokers and nonsmokers
    • Urban M, Kavvadias D, Riedel K, et al. (2006). Urinary mercapturic acids and a hemoglobin adduct for the dosimetry of acrylamide exposure in smokers and nonsmokers. Inhal Toxicol 18:831-9.
    • (2006) Inhal Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 831-839
    • Urban, M.1    Kavvadias, D.2    Riedel, K.3
  • 169
    • 84860288863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program [last accessed 23 Apr 2013]
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program (2011). In: Report on carcinogens. 12th ed. Available from: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf [last accessed 23 Apr 2013].
    • (2011) Report on Carcinogens. 12th Ed
  • 170
    • 0033938539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of exposure to 1, 3-butadiene as a basis for cancer risk assessment
    • van Sittert NJ, Megens JJJ, Watson WP, Boogaard PJ. (2000). Biomarkers of exposure to 1, 3-butadiene as a basis for cancer risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 56:189-202.
    • (2000) Toxicol Sci , vol.56 , pp. 189-202
    • Van Sittert, N.J.1    Megens, J.J.J.2    Watson, W.P.3    Boogaard, P.J.4
  • 171
    • 0027050667 scopus 로고
    • Mercapturic acids, protein adducts, and DNA adducts as biomarkers of electrophilic chemicals
    • van Welie RT, van Dijck RG, Vermeulen NP, van Sittert NJ. (1992). Mercapturic acids, protein adducts, and DNA adducts as biomarkers of electrophilic chemicals. Crit Rev Toxicol 22:271-306.
    • (1992) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.22 , pp. 271-306
    • Van Welie, R.T.1    Van Dijck, R.G.2    Vermeulen, N.P.3    Van Sittert, N.J.4
  • 172
    • 0030049526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA adducts in urothelial cells: Relationship with biomarkers of exposure to arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from tobacco smoke
    • Vineis P, Talaska G, Malaveille C, et al. (1996). DNA adducts in urothelial cells: relationship with biomarkers of exposure to arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from tobacco smoke. Int J Cancer 65:314-16.
    • (1996) Int J Cancer , vol.65 , pp. 314-316
    • Vineis, P.1    Talaska, G.2    Malaveille, C.3
  • 173
    • 43149105163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sparse production but preferential incorporation of recently produced naive T cells in the human peripheral pool
    • Vrisekoop N, den Braber I, de Boer AB, et al. (2008). Sparse production but preferential incorporation of recently produced naive T cells in the human peripheral pool. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:6115-20.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 6115-6120
    • Vrisekoop, N.1    Den Braber, I.2    De Boer, A.B.3
  • 174
    • 1642503077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid determination of six urinary benzene metabolites in occupationally exposed and unexposed subjects
    • Waidyanatha S, Rothman N, Li G, et al. (2004). Rapid determination of six urinary benzene metabolites in occupationally exposed and unexposed subjects. Anal Biochem 327:184-99.
    • (2004) Anal Biochem , vol.327 , pp. 184-199
    • Waidyanatha, S.1    Rothman, N.2    Li, G.3
  • 175
    • 0019472157 scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels
    • Wald NJ, Idle M, Boreham J, Bailey A. (1981). Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels. Thorax 36:366-9.
    • (1981) Thorax , vol.36 , pp. 366-369
    • Wald, N.J.1    Idle, M.2    Boreham, J.3    Bailey, A.4
  • 176
    • 0036320577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is essential for acrylonitrile metabolism to cyanide: Comparative studies using CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice
    • Wang H, Chanas B, Ghanayem BI. (2002a). Cytochrome p450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is essential for acrylonitrile metabolism to cyanide: comparative studies using CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice. Drug Metab Dispos 30:911-17.
    • (2002) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.30 , pp. 911-917
    • Wang, H.1    Chanas, B.2    Ghanayem, B.I.3
  • 177
    • 0033725545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde
    • Wang M, McIntee EJ, Cheng G, et al. (2000). Identification of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde. Chem Res Toxicol 13:1149-57.
    • (2000) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.13 , pp. 1149-1157
    • Wang, M.1    McIntee, E.J.2    Cheng, G.3
  • 178
    • 70349745441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clear differences in levels of a formaldehyde-DNA adduct in leukocytes of smokers and nonsmokers
    • Wang M, Cheng G, Balbo S, et al. (2009). Clear differences in levels of a formaldehyde-DNA adduct in leukocytes of smokers and nonsmokers. Cancer Res 69:7170-4.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 7170-7174
    • Wang, M.1    Cheng, G.2    Balbo, S.3
  • 179
    • 0036135820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphisms on metabolism of structurally different aldehydes in human liver
    • Wang R-S, Nakajima T, Kawamoto T, Honma T. (2002b). Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphisms on metabolism of structurally different aldehydes in human liver. Drug Metab Dispos 30:69-73.
    • (2002) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.30 , pp. 69-73
    • Wang, R.-S.1    Nakajima, T.2    Kawamoto, T.3    Honma, T.4
  • 180
    • 0028677854 scopus 로고
    • Aldehyde dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde metabolism
    • Weiner H, Wang X. (1994). Aldehyde dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde metabolism. Alcohol Alcohol 2:141-5.
    • (1994) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.2 , pp. 141-145
    • Weiner, H.1    Wang, X.2
  • 181
    • 0037026997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of various aromatic amines and metabolites of aromatic nitro compounds in urine for low level exposure using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Weiss T, Angerer J. (2002). Simultaneous determination of various aromatic amines and metabolites of aromatic nitro compounds in urine for low level exposure using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 778:179-92.
    • (2002) J Chromatogr B , vol.778 , pp. 179-192
    • Weiss, T.1    Angerer, J.2
  • 182
    • 1642457368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of N-glucuronidation of the lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in human liver: Importance of UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1A4
    • Wiener D, Doerge DR, Fang J-L, et al. (2004). Characterization of N-glucuronidation of the lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in human liver: importance of UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1A4. Drug Metab Dispos 32:72-9.
    • (2004) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.32 , pp. 72-79
    • Wiener, D.1    Doerge, D.R.2    Fang, J.-L.3
  • 183
    • 12144265866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytochrome p450 2A-catalyzed metabolic activation of structurally similar carcinogenic nitrosamines: N0-nitrosonornicotine enantiomers, N-nitrosopiperidine, and N-nitrosopyrrolidine
    • Wong HL, Murphy SE, Hecht SS. (2005). Cytochrome p450 2A-catalyzed metabolic activation of structurally similar carcinogenic nitrosamines: N0-nitrosonornicotine enantiomers, N-nitrosopiperidine, and N- nitrosopyrrolidine. Chem Res Toxicol 18:61-9.
    • (2005) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.18 , pp. 61-69
    • Wong, H.L.1    Murphy, S.E.2    Hecht, S.S.3
  • 184
    • 28544452853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1- butanol in urine by extraction on a molecularly imprinted polymer column and liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry
    • Xia Y, McGuffey JE, Bhattacharyya S, et al. (2005). Analysis of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanol in urine by extraction on a molecularly imprinted polymer column and liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77:7639-45.
    • (2005) Anal Chem , vol.77 , pp. 7639-7645
    • Xia, Y.1    McGuffey, J.E.2    Bhattacharyya, S.3
  • 185
    • 66149145341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary levels of tobaccospecific nitrosamine metabolites in relation to lung cancer development in two prospective cohorts of cigarette smokers
    • Yuan JM, Koh WP, Murphy SE, et al. (2009). Urinary levels of tobaccospecific nitrosamine metabolites in relation to lung cancer development in two prospective cohorts of cigarette smokers. Cancer Res 69: 2990-5.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 2990-2995
    • Yuan, J.M.1    Koh, W.P.2    Murphy, S.E.3
  • 186
    • 80355139536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary levels of cigarette smoke constituent metabolites are prospectively associated with lung cancer development in smokers
    • Yuan JM, Gao YT, Murphy SE, et al. (2011). Urinary levels of cigarette smoke constituent metabolites are prospectively associated with lung cancer development in smokers. Cancer Res 71:6749-57.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 6749-6757
    • Yuan, J.M.1    Gao, Y.T.2    Murphy, S.E.3
  • 187
    • 84859646950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary levels of volatile organic carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in relation to lung cancer development in smokers
    • Yuan JM, Gao YT, Wang R, et al. (2012). Urinary levels of volatile organic carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in relation to lung cancer development in smokers. Carcinogenesis 33:804-9.
    • (2012) Carcinogenesis , vol.33 , pp. 804-809
    • Yuan, J.M.1    Gao, Y.T.2    Wang, R.3
  • 188
    • 78651476372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of acroleinderived 1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts in human leukocyte DNA from smokers and nonsmokers
    • Zhang S, Balbo S, Wang M, Hecht SS. (2011). Analysis of acroleinderived 1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts in human leukocyte DNA from smokers and nonsmokers. Chem Res Toxicol 24:119-24.
    • (2011) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 119-124
    • Zhang, S.1    Balbo, S.2    Wang, M.3    Hecht, S.S.4
  • 189
    • 0036204296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucuronidation: An important mechanism for detoxification of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in aerodigestive tract tissues
    • Zheng Z, Fang J-L, Lazarus P. (2002). Glucuronidation: an important mechanism for detoxification of benzo[a]pyrene metabolites in aerodigestive tract tissues. Drug Metab Dispos 30:397-403.
    • (2002) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.30 , pp. 397-403
    • Zheng, Z.1    Fang, J.-L.2    Lazarus, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.