Structural determinants of arrestin functions

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

Volumn 118, Issue , 2013, Pages 57-92

  Gurevich, Vsevolod V ^a   Gurevich, Eugenia V ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879122525     PISSN: 18771173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394440-5.00003-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (177)

1. W.B. Wacker, L.A. Donoso, C.M. Kalsow, J.A. Yankeelov Jr., and D.T. Organisciak Experimental allergic uveitis. Isolation, characterization, and localization of a soluble uveitopathogenic antigen from bovine retina J Immunol 119 1977 1949 1958
2. H. Kuhn Light-regulated binding of rhodopsin kinase and other proteins to cattle photoreceptor membranes Biochemistry 17 1978 4389 4395
3. H. Kuhn, S.W. Hall, and U. Wilden Light-induced binding of 48-kDa protein to photoreceptor membranes is highly enhanced by phosphorylation of rhodopsin FEBS Lett 176 1984 473 478
4. U. Wilden, S.W. Hall, and H. Kühn Phosphodiesterase activation by photoexcited rhodopsin is quenched when rhodopsin is phosphorylated and binds the intrinsic 48-kDa protein of rod outer segments Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 1986 1174 1178
5. R.A. Dixon, B.K. Kobilka, and D.J. Strader Cloning of the gene and cDNA for mammalian beta-adrenergic receptor and homology with rhodopsin Nature 321 1986 75 79
6. M.J. Lohse, J.L. Benovic, J. Codina, M.G. Caron, and R.J. Lefkowitz Beta-arrestin: a protein that regulates beta-adrenergic receptor function Science 248 1990 1547 1550
7. H. Attramadal, J.L. Arriza, and C. Aoki Beta-arrestin2, a novel member of the arrestin/beta-arrestin gene family J Biol Chem 267 1992 17882 17890
8. R. Sterne-Marr, V.V. Gurevich, and P. Goldsmith Polypeptide variants of beta-arrestin and arrestin3 J Biol Chem 268 1993 15640 15648
9. B. Rapoport, K.D. Kaufman, and G.D. Chazenbalk Cloning of a member of the arrestin family from a human thyroid cDNA library Mol Cell Endocrinol 84 1992 R39 R43
10. C.M. Craft, D.H. Whitmore, and A.F. Wiechmann Cone arrestin identified by targeting expression of a functional family J Biol Chem 269 1994 4613 4619
11. H. Sakuma, A. Murakami, T. Fujimaki, and G. Inana Isolation and characterization of the human X-arrestin gene Gene 224 1998 87 95
12. E.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich Arrestins: ubiquitous regulators of cellular signaling pathways Genome Biol 7 2006 236
13. V.V. Gurevich, S.M. Hanson, X. Song, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and E.V. Gurevich The functional cycle of visual arrestins in photoreceptor cells Prog Retin Eye Res 30 2011 405 430
14. V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich The structural basis of arrestin-mediated regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors Pharm Ther 110 2006 465 502
15. K. Xiao, D.B. McClatchy, and A.K. Shukla Functional specialization of beta-arrestin interactions revealed by proteomic analysis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 2007 12011 12016
16. T. Shinohara, B. Dietzschold, and C.M. Craft Primary and secondary structure of bovine retinal S antigen (48-kDa protein) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1987 6975 6979
17. J. Granzin, U. Wilden, H.W. Choe, J. Labahn, B. Krafft, and G. Buldt X-ray crystal structure of arrestin from bovine rod outer segments Nature 391 1998 918 921
18. J.A. Hirsch, C. Schubert, V.V. Gurevich, and P.B. Sigler The 2.8 A crystal structure of visual arrestin: a model for arrestin's regulation Cell 97 1999 257 269
19. M. Han, V.V. Gurevich, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, P.B. Sigler, and C. Schubert Crystal structure of beta-arrestin at 1.9 A: possible mechanism of receptor binding and membrane Translocation Structure 9 2001 869 880
20. X. Zhan, L.E. Gimenez, V.V. Gurevich, and B.W. Spiller Crystal structure of arrestin-3 reveals the basis of the difference in receptor binding between two non-visual subtypes J Mol Biol 406 2011 467 478
21. S.K. Milano, H.C. Pace, Y.M. Kim, C. Brenner, and J.L. Benovic Scaffolding functions of arrestin-2 revealed by crystal structure and mutagenesis Biochemistry 41 2002 3321 3328
22. R.B. Sutton, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and J. Robert Crystal structure of cone arrestin at 2.3A: evolution of receptor specificity J Mol Biol 354 2005 1069 1080
23. J. Granzin, A. Cousin, M. Weirauch, R. Schlesinger, G. Büldt, and R. Batra-Safferling Crystal structure of p44, a constitutively active splice variant of visual arrestin J Mol Biol 416 2012 611 618
24. V.V. Gurevich, and J.L. Benovic Cell-free expression of visual arrestin. Truncation mutagenesis identifies multiple domains involved in rhodopsin interaction J Biol Chem 267 1992 21919 21923
25. V.V. Gurevich, and J.L. Benovic Visual arrestin interaction with rhodopsin. Sequential multisite binding ensures strict selectivity toward light-activated phosphorylated rhodopsin J Biol Chem 268 1993 11628 11638
26. V.V. Gurevich, C.-Y. Chen, C.M. Kim, and J.L. Benovic Visual arrestin binding to rhodopsin. Intramolecular interaction between the basic N terminus and acidic C terminus of arrestin may regulate binding selectivity J Biol Chem 269 1994 8721 8727
27. V.V. Gurevich, and J.L. Benovic Visual arrestin binding to rhodopsin. Diverse functional roles of positively charged residues within the phosphorylation-recognition region of arrestin J Biol Chem 270 1995 6010 6016
28. V.V. Gurevich, and J.L. Benovic Mechanism of phosphorylation-recognition by visual arrestin and the transition of arrestin into a high affinity binding state Mol Pharmacol 51 1997 161 169
29. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, C.L. Paz, C. Schubert, J.A. Hirsch, P.B. Sigler, and V.V. Gurevich How does arrestin respond to the phosphorylated state of rhodopsin? J Biol Chem 274 1999 11451 11454
30. V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich The molecular acrobatics of arrestin activation Trends Pharmacol Sci 25 2004 105 111
31. V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich The new face of active receptor bound arrestin attracts new partners Structure 11 2003 1037 1042
32. K.S. Nair, S.M. Hanson, and A. Mendez Light-dependent redistribution of arrestin in vertebrate rods is an energy-independent process governed by protein-protein interactions Neuron 46 2005 555 567
33. K.S. Nair, S.M. Hanson, M.J. Kennedy, J.B. Hurley, V.V. Gurevich, and V.Z. Slepak Direct binding of visual arrestin to microtubules determines the differential subcellular localization of its splice variants in rod photoreceptors J Biol Chem 279 2004 41240 41248
34. S.M. Hanson, D.J. Francis, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, C.S. Klug, and V.V. Gurevich Visual arrestin binding to microtubules involves a distinct conformational change J Biol Chem 281 2006 9765 9772
35. S.M. Hanson, W.M. Cleghorn, and D.J. Francis Arrestin mobilizes signaling proteins to the cytoskeleton and redirects their activity J Mol Biol 368 2007 375 387
36. K. Palczewski, T. Kumasaka, and T. Hori Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor Science 289 2000 739 745
37. T. Okada, Y. Fujiyoshi, M. Silow, J. Navarro, E.M. Landau, and Y. Shichida Functional role of internal water molecules in rhodopsin revealed by X-ray crystallography Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 2002 5982 5987
38. J. Li, P.C. Edwards, M. Burghammer, C. Villa, and G.F. Schertler Structure of bovine rhodopsin in a trigonal crystal form J Mol Biol 343 2004 1409 1438
39. J. Standfuss, G. Xie, P.C. Edwards, M. Burghammer, D.D. Oprian, and G.F. Schertler Crystal structure of a thermally stable rhodopsin mutant J Mol Biol 372 2007 1179 1188
40. V. Cherezov, D.M. Rosenbaum, and M.A. Hanson High-resolution crystal structure of an engineered human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor Science 318 2007 1258 1265
41. E.Y.T. Chien, W. Liu, and Q. Zhao Structure of the human dopamine D3 receptor in complex with a D2/D3 selective antagonist Science 330 2010 1091 1095
42. D.M. Rosenbaum, C. Zhang, and J.A. Lyons Structure and function of an irreversible agonist-β(2) adrenoceptor complex Nature 469 2011 236 240
43. B. Wu, E.Y.T. Chien, and C.D. Mol Structures of the CXCR4 chemokine GPCR with small-molecule and cyclic peptide antagonists Science 330 2010 1066 1071
44. S.G. Rasmussen, H.J. Choi, and D.M. Rosenbaum Crystal structure of the human beta2 adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor Nature 450 2007 383 387
45. K. Haga, A.C. Kruse, and H. Asada Structure of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor bound to an antagonist Nature 482 2012 547 551
46. A.C. Kruse, J. Hu, and A.C. Pan Structure and dynamics of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Nature 482 2012 552 556
47. A. Manglik, A.C. Kruse, and T.S. Kobilka Crystal structure of the μ-opioid receptor bound to a morphinan antagonist Nature 485 2012 321 326
48. V.P. Jaakola, M.T. Griffith, and M.A. Hanson The 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a human A2A adenosine receptor bound to an antagonist Science 322 2008 1211 1217
49. F. Xu, H. Wu, and V. Katritch Structure of an agonist-bound human A2A adenosine receptor Science 332 2011 322 327
50. T. Shimamura, M. Shiroishi, and S. Weyand Structure of the human histamine H1 receptor complex with doxepin Nature 475 2011 65 70
51. H. Wu, D. Wacker, and M. Mileni Structure of the human κ-opioid receptor in complex with JDTic Nature 485 2012 327 332
52. R. Moukhametzianov, T. Warne, and P.C. Edwards Two distinct conformations of helix 6 observed in antagonist-bound structures of a beta1-adrenergic receptor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 2011 8228 8232
53. T. Warne, M.J. Serrano-Vega, and J.G. Baker Structure of a beta1-adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptor Nature 454 2008 486 491
54. A.S. Doré, N. Robertson, and J.C. Errey Structure of the adenosine A(2A) receptor in complex with ZM241385 and the xanthines XAC and caffeine Structure 19 2011 1283 1293
55. W.L. Hubbell, C. Altenbach, C.M. Hubbell, and H.G. Khorana Rhodopsin structure, dynamics, and activation: a perspective from crystallography, site-directed spin labeling, sulfhydryl reactivity, and disulfide cross-linking Adv Protein Chem 63 2003 243 290
56. C. Altenbach, A.K. Kusnetzow, O.P. Ernst, K.P. Hofmann, and W.L. Hubbell High-resolution distance mapping in rhodopsin reveals the pattern of helix movement due to activation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 2008 7439 7444
57. D.L. Farrens, C. Altenbach, K. Yang, W.L. Hubbell, and H.G. Khorana Requirement of rigid-body motion of transmembrane helices for light activation of rhodopsin Science 274 1996 768 770
58. J.F. Resek, Z.T. Farahbakhsh, W.L. Hubbell, and H.G. Khorana Formation of the meta II photointermediate is accompanied by conformational changes in the cytoplasmic surface of rhodopsin Biochemistry 32 1993 12025 12032
59. Z.T. Farahbakhsh, K.D. Ridge, H.G. Khorana, and W.L. Hubbell Mapping light-dependent structural changes in the cytoplasmic loop connecting helices C and D in rhodopsin: a site-directed spin labeling study Biochemistry 34 1995 8812 8819
60. P. Scheerer, J.H. Park, and P.W. Hildebrand Crystal structure of opsin in its G-protein-interacting conformation Nature 455 2008 497 502
61. J.H. Park, P. Scheerer, K.P. Hofmann, H.W. Choe, and O.P. Ernst Crystal structure of the ligand-free G-protein-coupled receptor opsin Nature 454 2008 183 187
62. H.W. Choe, Y.J. Kim, and J.H. Park Crystal structure of metarhodopsin II Nature 471 2011 651 655
63. X. Deupi, P. Edwards, and A. Singhal Stabilized G protein binding site in the structure of constitutively active metarhodopsin-II Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 2012 119 124
64. G. Lebon, T. Warne, and P.C. Edwards Agonist-bound adenosine A2A receptor structures reveal common features of GPCR activation Nature 474 2011 521 525
65. S.G. Rasmussen, H.J. Choi, and J.J. Fung Structure of a nanobody-stabilized active state of the β(2) adrenoceptor Nature 469 2011 175 180
66. S.G. Rasmussen, B.T. DeVree, and Y. Zou Crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex Nature 477 2011 549 555
67. K.Y. Chung, S.G. Rasmussen, and T. Liu Conformational changes in the G protein Gs induced by the β2 adrenergic receptor Nature 477 2011 611 615
68. B.K. Kobilka G protein coupled receptor structure and activation Biochim Biophys Acta 1768 2007 794 807
69. Kobilka BK. Cold Spring Harbor Asia membrane protein meeting, May 16-20, 2011; 79.
70. T. Warne, R. Moukhametzianov, and J.G. Baker The structural basis for agonist and partial agonist action on a β(1)-adrenergic receptor Nature 469 2011 241 244
71. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, L.E. Gimenez, and D.J. Francis Few residues within an extensive binding interface drive receptor interaction and determine the specificity of arrestin proteins J Biol Chem 286 2011 24288 24299
72. M. Kim, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and N. Van Eps Conformation of receptor-bound visual arrestin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 2012 18407 18412
73. S.M. Hanson, D.J. Francis, and S.A. Vishnivetskiy Differential interaction of spin-labeled arrestin with inactive and active phosphorhodopsin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 2006 4900 4905
74. J.L. DeGraff, V.V. Gurevich, and J.L. Benovic The third intracellular loop of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors determines subtype specificity of arrestin interaction J Biol Chem 277 2002 43247 43252
75. E.I. Gelber, W.K. Kroeze, and D.L. Willins Structure and function of the third intracellular loop of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor: the third intracellular loop is alpha-helical and binds purified arrestins J Neurochem 72 1999 2206 2214
76. D. Raman, S. Osawa, V.V. Gurevich, and E.R. Weiss The interaction with the cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin plays a crucial role in arrestin activation and binding J Neurochem 84 2003 1040 1050
77. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, C. Schubert, G.C. Climaco, Y.V. Gurevich, M.-G. Velez, and V.V. Gurevich An additional phosphate-binding element in arrestin molecule. Implications for the mechanism of arrestin activation J Biol Chem 275 2000 41049 41057
78. H. Ohguro, K. Palczewski, K.A. Walsh, and R.S. Johnson Topographic study of arrestin using differential chemical modifications and hydrogen/deuterium exchange Protein Sci 3 1994 2428 2434
79. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, M.M. Hosey, J.L. Benovic, and V.V. Gurevich Mapping the arrestin-receptor interface. Structural elements responsible for receptor specificity of arrestin proteins J Biol Chem 279 2004 1262 1268
80. V.V. Gurevich, S.B. Dion, and J.J. Onorato Arrestin interactions with G protein-coupled receptors. Direct binding studies of wild type and mutant arrestins with rhodopsin, beta 2-adrenergic, and m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors J Biol Chem 270 1995 720 731
81. A. Pulvermuller, K. Schroder, T. Fischer, and K.P. Hofmann Interactions of metarhodopsin II. Arrestin peptides compete with arrestin and transducin J Biol Chem 275 2000 37679 37685
82. A. Dinculescu, J.H. McDowell, and S.A. Amici Insertional mutagenesis and immunochemical analysis of visual arrestin interaction with rhodopsin J Biol Chem 277 2002 11703 11708
83. S.E. Feuerstein, A. Pulvermüller, and R. Hartmann Helix formation in arrestin accompanies recognition of photoactivated rhodopsin Biochemistry 48 2009 10733 10742
84. T. Zhuang, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, V.V. Gurevich, and C.R. Sanders Elucidation of inositol hexaphosphate and heparin interaction sites and conformational changes in arrestin-1 by solution nuclear magnetic resonance Biochemistry 49 2010 10473 10485
85. T. Zhuang, Q. Chen, and M.-K. Cho Involvement of distinct arrestin-1 elements in binding to different functional forms of rhodopsin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110 2013 942 947
86. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, D.J. Francis, and N. Van Eps The role of arrestin alpha-helix I in receptor binding J Mol Biol 395 2010 42 54
87. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, D. Raman, J. Wei, M.J. Kennedy, J.B. Hurley, and V.V. Gurevich Regulation of arrestin binding by rhodopsin phosphorylation level J Biol Chem 282 2007 32075 32083
88. C. Krasel, M. Bunemann, K. Lorenz, and M.J. Lohse Beta-arrestin binding to the beta2-adrenergic receptor requires both receptor phosphorylation and receptor activation J Biol Chem 280 2005 9528 9535
89. L.E. Gimenez, S. Kook, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, M.R. Ahmed, E.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich Role of receptor-attached phosphates in binding of visual and non-visual arrestins to G protein-coupled receptors J Biol Chem 287 2012 9028 9040
90. A. Mendez, M.E. Burns, and A. Roca Rapid and reproducible deactivation of rhodopsin requires multiple phosphorylation sites Neuron 28 2000 153 164
91. X. Song, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and O.P. Gross Enhanced arrestin facilitates recovery and protects rods lacking rhodopsin phosphorylation Curr Biol 19 2009 700 705
92. U. Wilden, and H. Kuhn Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin: number of phosphorylation sites Biochemistry 21 1982 3014 3022
93. M. Bouvier, W.P. Hausdorff, and A. De Blasi Removal of phosphorylation sites from the beta 2-adrenergic receptor delays onset of agonist-promoted desensitization Nature 333 1988 370 373
94. Z.L. Fredericks, J.A. Pitcher, and R.J. Lefkowitz Identification of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation sites in the human beta2-adrenergic receptor J Biol Chem 271 1996 13796 13803
95. W.P. Hausdorff, M. Bouvier, B.F. O'Dowd, G.P. Irons, M.G. Caron, and R.J. Lefkowitz Phosphorylation sites on two domains of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor are involved in distinct pathways of receptor desensitization J Biol Chem 264 1989 12657 12665
96. C. Krasel, U. Zabel, K. Lorenz, S. Reiner, S. Al-Sabah, and M.J. Lohse Dual role of the beta2-adrenergic receptor C terminus for the binding of beta-arrestin and receptor internalization J Biol Chem 283 2008 31840 31848
97. A. Seibold, B.G. January, J. Friedman, R.W. Hipkin, and R.B. Clark Desensitization of beta2-adrenergic receptors with mutations of the proposed G protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation sites J Biol Chem 273 1998 7637 7642
98. A. Seibold, B. Williams, and Z.F. Huang Localization of the sites mediating desensitization of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor by the GRK pathway Mol Pharmacol 58 2000 1162 1173
99. M. Trester-Zedlitz, A. Burlingame, B. Kobilka, and M. von Zastrow Mass spectrometric analysis of agonist effects on posttranslational modifications of the beta-2 adrenoceptor in mammalian cells Biochemistry 44 2005 6133 6143
100. D.J. Vaughan, E.E. Millman, and V. Godines Role of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase site serine cluster in beta2-adrenergic receptor internalization, desensitization, and beta-arrestin translocation J Biol Chem 281 2006 7684 7692
101. K.B. Lee, J.A. Ptasienski, R. Pals-Rylaarsdam, V.V. Gurevich, and M.M. Hosey Arrestin binding to the M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is precluded by an inhibitory element in the third intracellular loop of the receptor J Biol Chem 275 2000 9284 9289
102. R. Pals-Rylaarsdam, and M.M. Hosey Two homologous phosphorylation domains differentially contribute to desensitization and internalization of the m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor J Biol Chem 272 1997 14152 14158
103. R. Pals-Rylaarsdam, V.V. Gurevich, K.B. Lee, J. Ptasienski, J.L. Benovic, and M.M. Hosey Internalization of the m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Arrestin-independent and -dependent pathways J Biol Chem 272 1997 23682 23689
104. A. Schleicher, H. Kuhn, and K.P. Hofmann Kinetics, binding constant, and activation energy of the 48-kDa protein-rhodopsin complex by extra-metarhodopsin II Biochemistry 28 1989 1770 1775
105. S.A. Vishnivetskiy, J.A. Hirsch, M.-G. Velez, Y.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich Transition of arrestin into the active receptor-binding state requires an extended interdomain hinge J Biol Chem 277 2002 43961 43968
106. Kim M, Vishnivetskiy SA, Van Eps N, et al. ASBMB meeting, 2011; 750-759.
107. D. Fotiadis, B. Jastrzebska, A. Philippsen, D.J. Muller, K. Palczewski, and A. Engel Structure of the rhodopsin dimer: a working model for G-protein-coupled receptors Curr Opin Struct Biol 16 2006 252 259
108. J. Chen, C.L. Makino, N.S. Peachey, D.A. Baylor, and M.I. Simon Mechanisms of rhodopsin inactivation in vivo as revealed by a COOH-terminal truncation mutant Science 267 1995 374 377
109. K. Palczewski, A. Pulvermuller, J. Buczylko, and K.P. Hofmann Phosphorylated rhodopsin and heparin induce similar conformational changes in arrestin J Biol Chem 266 1991 18649 18654
110. S.M. Hanson, E.V. Gurevich, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, M.R. Ahmed, X. Song, and V.V. Gurevich Each rhodopsin molecule binds its own arrestin Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 2007 3125 3128
111. R.M. Broekhuyse, E.F. Tolhuizen, A.P. Janssen, and H.J. Winkens Photoreceptor cell-specific localization of S-antigen in retina Curr Eye Res 4 1985 613 618
112. J.P. Whelan, and J.F. McGinnis Light-dependent subcellular movement of photoreceptor proteins J Neurosci Res 20 1988 263 270
113. R.V. Elias, S.S. Sezate, W. Cao, and J.F. McGinnis Temporal kinetics of the light/dark translocation and compartmentation of arrestin and alpha-transducin in mouse photoreceptor cells Mol Vis 10 2004 672 681
114. A. Mendez, J. Lem, M. Simon, and J. Chen Light-dependent translocation of arrestin in the absence of rhodopsin phosphorylation and transducin signaling J Neurosci 23 2003 3124 3129
115. K.J. Strissel, M. Sokolov, L.H. Trieu, and V.Y. Arshavsky Arrestin translocation is induced at a critical threshold of visual signaling and is superstoichiometric to bleached rhodopsin J Neurosci 26 2006 1146 1153
116. X. Song, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, J. Seo, J. Chen, E.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich Arrestin-1 expression level in rods: balancing functional performance and photoreceptor health Neuroscience 174 2011 37 49
117. W.M. Cleghorn, E.L. Tsakem, and X. Song Progressive reduction of its expression in rods reveals two pools of arrestin-1 in the outer segment with different roles in photoresponse recovery PLoS One 6 2011 e22797
118. C. Schubert, J.A. Hirsch, V.V. Gurevich, D.M. Engelman, P.B. Sigler, and K.G. Fleming How does arrestin respond to the phosphorylated state of rhodopsin? J Biol Chem 274 1999 21186 21190
119. Y. Imamoto, C. Tamura, H. Kamikubo, and M. Kataoka Concentration- dependent tetramerization of bovine visual arrestin Biophys J 85 2003 1186 1195
120. S.M. Hanson, N. Van Eps, and D.J. Francis Structure and function of the visual arrestin oligomer EMBO J 26 2007 1726 1736
121. M. Kim, S.M. Hanson, and S.A. Vishnivetskiy Robust self-association is a common feature of mammalian visual arrestin-1 Biochemistry 50 2011 2235 2242
122. S.M. Hanson, E.S. Dawson, and D.J. Francis A model for the solution structure of the rod arrestin tetramer Structure 16 2008 924 934
123. H. Tsukamoto, A. Sinha, M. Dewitt, and D.L. Farrens Monomeric rhodopsin is the minimal functional unit required for arrestin binding J Mol Biol 399 2010 501 511
124. T.H. Bayburt, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and M. McLean Monomeric rhodopsin is sufficient for normal rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) phosphorylation and arrestin-1 binding J Biol Chem 286 2011 1420 1428
125. J. Celver, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, C. Chavkin, and V.V. Gurevich Conservation of the phosphate-sensitive elements in the arrestin family of proteins J Biol Chem 277 2002 9043 9048
126. A. Kovoor, J. Celver, R.I. Abdryashitov, C. Chavkin, and V.V. Gurevich Targeted construction of phosphorylation-independent beta-arrestin mutants with constitutive activity in cells J Biol Chem 274 1999 6831 6834
127. V.V. Gurevich, R. Pals-Rylaarsdam, J.L. Benovic, M.M. Hosey, and J.J. Onorato Agonist-receptor-arrestin, an alternative ternary complex with high agonist affinity J Biol Chem 272 1997 28849 28852
128. L. Pan, E.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich The nature of the arrestin x receptor complex determines the ultimate fate of the internalized receptor J Biol Chem 278 2003 11623 11632
129. J. Celver, J. Lowe, A. Kovoor, V.V. Gurevich, and C. Chavkin Threonine 180 is required for G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3- and beta-arrestin 2-mediated desensitization of the mu-opioid receptor in Xenopus oocytes J Biol Chem 276 2001 4894 4900
130. J.D. Lowe, J.P. Celver, V.V. Gurevich, and C. Chavkin mu-Opioid receptors desensitize less rapidly than delta-opioid receptors due to less efficient activation of arrestin J Biol Chem 277 2002 15729 15735
131. M.E. Sommer, D.L. Farrens, J.H. McDowell, L.A. Weber, and W.C. Smith Dynamics of arrestin-rhodopsin interactions: loop movement is involved in arrestin activation and receptor binding J Biol Chem 282 2007 25560 25568
132. S.M. Hanson, and V.V. Gurevich The differential engagement of arrestin surface charges by the various functional forms of the receptor J Biol Chem 281 2006 3458 3462
133. S. Coffa, M. Breitman, and S.M. Hanson The effect of arrestin conformation on the recruitment of c-Raf1, MEK1, and ERK1/2 activation PLoS One 6 2011 e28723
134. X. Song, D. Raman, E.V. Gurevich, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, and V.V. Gurevich Visual and both non-visual arrestins in their "inactive" conformation bind JNK3 and Mdm2 and relocalize them from the nucleus to the cytoplasm J Biol Chem 281 2006 21491 21499
135. M.R. Ahmed, X. Zhan, X. Song, S. Kook, V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich Ubiquitin ligase parkin promotes Mdm2-arrestin interaction but inhibits arrestin ubiquitination Biochemistry 50 2011 3749 3763
136. M. Breitman, S. Kook, and L.E. Gimenez Silent scaffolds: inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 activity in cell by dominant-negative arrestin-3 mutant J Biol Chem 287 2012 19653 19664
137. W.C. Smith, E.V. Gurevich, and D.R. Dugger Cloning and functional characterization of salamander rod and cone arrestins Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41 2000 2445 2455
138. L.S. Barak, S.S. Ferguson, J. Zhang, and M.G. Caron A beta-arrestin/green fluorescent protein biosensor for detecting G protein-coupled receptor activation J Biol Chem 272 1997 27497 27500
139. C. Walther, S. Nagel, L.E. Gimenez, K. Mörl, V.V. Gurevich, and A.G. Beck-Sickinger Ligand-induced internalization and recycling of the human neuropeptide Y2 receptor is regulated by its carboxyl-terminal tail J Biol Chem 285 2010 41578 41590
140. V.V. Gurevich, R.M. Richardson, C.M. Kim, M.M. Hosey, and J.L. Benovic Binding of wild type and chimeric arrestins to the m2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor J Biol Chem 268 1993 16879 16882
141. V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich Custom-designed proteins as novel therapeutic tools? The case of arrestins Expert Rev Mol Med 12 2010 e13
142. V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich Synthetic biology with surgical precision: targeted reengineering of signaling proteins Cell Signal 24 2012 899 1908
143. L.E. Gimenez, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, F. Baameur, and V.V. Gurevich Manipulation of very few receptor discriminator residues greatly enhances receptor specificity of non-visual arrestins J Biol Chem 287 2012 29495 29505
144. T. Schöneberg, A. Schulz, H. Biebermann, T. Hermsdorf, H. Römpler, and K. Sangkuhl Mutant G-protein-coupled receptors as a cause of human diseases Pharmacol Ther 104 2004 173 206
145. O.B. Goodman Jr., J.G. Krupnick, and F. Santini Beta-arrestin acts as a clathrin adaptor in endocytosis of the beta2-adrenergic receptor Nature 383 1996 447 450
146. N. Wu, S.M. Hanson, and D.J. Francis Arrestin binding to calmodulin: a direct interaction between two ubiquitous signaling proteins J Mol Biol 364 2006 955 963
147. S.A. Laporte, R.H. Oakley, and J. Zhang The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 1999 3712 3717
148. P.H. McDonald, C.W. Chow, and W.E. Miller Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3 Science 290 2000 1574 1577
149. L.M. Luttrell, F.L. Roudabush, and E.W. Choy Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestin scaffolds Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 2001 2449 2454
150. S.K. Shenoy, P.H. McDonald, T.A. Kohout, and R.J. Lefkowitz Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated beta 2-adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin Science 294 2001 1307 1313
151. J.G. Krupnick, O.B. Goodman Jr., J.H. Keen, and J.L. Benovic Arrestin/clathrin interaction. Localization of the clathrin binding domain of nonvisual arrestins to the carboxy terminus J Biol Chem 272 1997 15011 15016
152. D.S. Kang, R.C. Kern, M.A. Puthenveedu, M. von Zastrow, J.C. Williams, and J.L. Benovic Structure of an arrestin2-clathrin complex reveals a novel clathrin binding domain that modulates receptor trafficking J Biol Chem 284 2009 29860 29872
153. Y.M. Kim, and J.L. Benovic Differential roles of arrestin-2 interaction with clathrin and adaptor protein 2 in G protein-coupled receptor trafficking J Biol Chem 277 2002 30760 30768
154. E.M. Schmid, M.G. Ford, and A. Burtey Role of the AP2 beta-appendage hub in recruiting partners for clathrin-coated vesicle assembly PLoS Biol 4 2006 e262
155. G.S. Baillie, D.R. Adams, and N. Bhari Mapping binding sites for the PDE4D5 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase to the N- and C-domains of beta-arrestin using spot-immobilized peptide arrays Biochem J 404 2007 71 80
156. D. Meng, M.J. Lynch, and E. Huston MEK1 binds directly to betaarrestin1, influencing both its phosphorylation by ERK and the timing of its isoprenaline-stimulated internalization J Biol Chem 284 2009 11425 11435
157. S. Coffa, M. Breitman, B.W. Spiller, and V.V. Gurevich A single mutation in arrestin-2 prevents ERK1/2 activation by reducing c-Raf1 binding Biochemistry 50 2011 6951 6958
158. J. Seo, E.L. Tsakem, M. Breitman, and V.V. Gurevich Identification of arrestin-3-specific residues necessary for JNK3 kinase activation J Biol Chem 286 2011 27894 27901
159. W.E. Miller, P.H. McDonald, S.F. Cai, M.E. Field, R.J. Davis, and R.J. Lefkowitz Identification of a motif in the carboxyl terminus of beta-arrestin2 responsible for activation of JNK3 J Biol Chem 276 2001 27770 27777
160. X. Zhan, T.S. Kaoud, K.N. Dalby, and V.V. Gurevich Nonvisual arrestins function as simple scaffolds assembling the MKK4-JNK3〈2 signaling complex Biochemistry 50 2011 10520 10529
161. X. Song, E.V. Gurevich, and V.V. Gurevich Cone arrestin binding to JNK3 and Mdm2: conformational preference and localization of interaction sites J Neurochem 103 2007 1053 1062
162. X. Song, S. Coffa, H. Fu, and V.V. Gurevich How does arrestin assemble MAPKs into a signaling complex? J Biol Chem 284 2009 685 695
163. M.G. Scott, E. Le Rouzic, and A. Perianin Differential nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of beta-arrestins. Characterization of a leucine-rich nuclear export signal in beta-arrestin2 J Biol Chem 277 2002 37693 37701
164. S.K. Shenoy, and R.J. Lefkowitz Receptor-specific ubiquitination of beta-arrestin directs assembly and targeting of seven-transmembrane receptor signalosomes J Biol Chem 280 2005 15315 15324
165. V.V. Gurevich The selectivity of visual arrestin for light-activated phosphorhodopsin is controlled by multiple nonredundant mechanisms J Biol Chem 273 1998 15501 15506
166. M.P. Gray-Keller, P.B. Detwiler, J.L. Benovic, and V.V. Gurevich Arrestin with a single amino acid substitution quenches light-activated rhodopsin in a phosphorylation-independent fashion Biochemistry 36 1997 7058 7063
167. T.A. Macey, J.D. Lowe, and C. Chavkin Mu opioid receptor activation of ERK1/2 is GRK3 and arrestin dependent in striatal neurons J Biol Chem 281 2006 34515 34524
168. M.R. Bruchas, T.A. Macey, J.D. Lowe, and C. Chavkin Kappa opioid receptor activation of p38 MAPK is GRK3- and arrestin-dependent in neurons and astrocytes J Biol Chem 281 2006 18081 18089
169. S.M. Hanson, S.A. Vishnivetskiy, W.L. Hubbell, and V.V. Gurevich Opposing effects of inositol hexakisphosphate on rod arrestin and arrestin2 self-association Biochemistry 47 2008 1070 1075
170. S.S. Nikonov, B.M. Brown, and J.A. Davis Mouse cones require an arrestin for normal inactivation of phototransduction Neuron 59 2008 462 474
171. H. Storez, M.G. Scott, and H. Issafras Homo- and hetero-oligomerization of beta-arrestins in living cells J Biol Chem 280 2005 40210 40215
172. S.K. Milano, Y.M. Kim, F.P. Stefano, J.L. Benovic, and C. Brenner Nonvisual arrestin oligomerization and cellular localization are regulated by inositol hexakisphosphate binding J Biol Chem 281 2006 9812 9823
173. C. Boularan, M.G. Scott, and K. Bourougaa Beta-arrestin 2 oligomerization controls the Mdm2-dependent inhibition of p53 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 2007 18061 18066
174. G.L. Johnson, H.G. Dohlman, and L.M. Graves MAPK kinase kinases (MKKKs) as a target class for small-molecule inhibition to modulate signaling networks and gene expression Curr Opin Chem Biol 9 2005 325 331
175. G. Pearson, F. Robinson, and T. Beers Gibson Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions Endocr Rev 22 2001 153 183
176. A. Mushegian, V.V. Gurevich, and E.V. Gurevich The origin and evolution of G protein-coupled receptor kinases PLoS One 7 2012 e33806
177. S.M. DeWire, S. Ahn, R.J. Lefkowitz, and S.K. Shenoy Beta-arrestins and cell signaling Annu Rev Physiol 69 2007 483 510