Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2010: Fat

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

Volumn 59, Issue SUPPL., 2013, Pages

  Ezaki, Osamu ^a   Miyake, Yoshihiro ^b   Sato, Shinichi ^c   Iso, Hiroyasu ^d  

^a SHOWA WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b FUKUOKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c CHIBA PREFECTURAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Japan)

^d OSAKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cholesterol; Monounsaturated fat; N 3 fatty acids; N 6 fatty acids; Saturated fat; Total fat; Trans fatty acids

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FAT; FISH OIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DEATH; DERMATITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; FAT INTAKE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; INCIDENCE; JAPAN; LIFESTYLE AND RELATED PHENOMENA; LOW FAT DIET; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NEOPLASM; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; RISK FACTOR; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84877674779     PISSN: 03014800     EISSN: 18817742     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.S44     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Mensink R P, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. 2003. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 77: 1146-1155.
2. Astrup A, Ryan L, Grunwald GK, Storgaard M, Saris W, Melanson E, Hill JO. 2000. The role of dietary fat in body fatness: evidence from a preliminary meta-analysis of ad libitum low-fat dietary intervention studies. Br J Nutr 83 (Suppl 1): S25-S32.
3. Yu-Poth S, Zhao G, Etherton T, Naglak M, Jonnalagadda S, Kris-Etherton PM. 1999. Effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Step I and Step II dietary intervention programs on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 632-646.
4. Cornier MA, Donahoo WT, Pereira R, Gurevich I, Wester-gren R, Enerback S, Eckel PJ, Goalstone ML, Hill JO, Eckel RH, Draznin B. 2005. Insulin sensitivity determines the effectiveness of dietary macronutrient composition on weight loss in obese women. Obes Res 13: 703-709.
5. Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Feldman HA, Lovesky MM, Ludwig DS. 2007. Effects of a low-glycemic load vs low-fat diet in obese young adults: a randomized trial. JAMA 297: 2092-2102.
6. Samaha FF, Foster GD, Makris A P. 2007. Low-carbohydrate diets, obesity, and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 9: 441-447.
7. Iso H, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Shimamoto T, Koma-chi Y. 2003. Fat and protein intakes and risk of intrapa-renchymal hemorrhage among middle-aged Japanese. Am J Epidemiol 157: 32-39.
8. McGee D, Reed D, Stemmerman G, Rhoads G, Yano K, Feinleib M. 1985. The relationship of dietary fat and cholesterol to mortality in 10 years: the Honolulu Heart Program. Int J Epidemiol 14: 97-105.
9. Takeya Y, Popper JS, Shimizu Y, Kato H, Rhoads GG, Kagan A. 1984. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: incidence of stroke in Japan and Hawaii. Stroke 15: 15-23.
10. Seino F, Date C, Nakayama T, Yoshiike N, Yokoyama T, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka H. 1997. Dietary lipids and incidence of cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 43: 83-99.
11. Oh K, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. 2005. Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up of the nurses' health study. Am J Epidemiol 161: 672-679.
12. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Spiegelman D, Stampfer M, Willett WC. 1996. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States. BMJ 313: 84-90.
13. Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Dyerberg J, Schroll M, Heit-mann BL. 2004. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: possible effect modifcation by gender and age. Am J Epidemiol 160: 141-149.
14. Xu J, Eilat-Adar S, Loria C, Goldbourt U, Howard B V, Fabsitz RR, Zephier EM, Mattil C, Lee ET. 2006. Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease: the Strong Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 84: 894-902.
15. Blankenhorn DH, Johnson RL, Mack WJ, Zein HA, Vailas LI. 1990. The infuence of diet on the appearance of new lesions in human coronary arteries. JAMA 263: 1646-1652.
16. Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M, Miettinen M, Elosuo R, Paavilainen E. 1979. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 8: 99-118.
17. Watts GF, Jackson P, Mandalia S, Brunt JN, Lewis ES, Coltart DJ, Lewis B. 1994. Nutrient intake and progression of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 73: 328-332.
18. Ezaki O, Sakono M, Miyake Y, Ito H. 2007. Concept of reference intake of saturated fatty acids in the Japanese population. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 60: 19-52.
19. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr, Folsom AR. 2001. Dietary fat and incidence of type 2 diabetes in older Iowa women. Diabetes Care 24: 1528-1535.
20. Salmeron J, Hu FB, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Willett WC. 2001. Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr 73: 1019-1026.
21. Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. 2002. Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Diabetes Care 25: 417-424.
22. Feskens EJ, Loeber JG, Kromhout D. 1994. Diet and physical activity as determinants of hyperinsulinemia: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Epidemiol 140: 350-360.
23. Maron DJ, Fair JM, Haskell WL. 1991. Saturated fat intake and insulin resistance in men with coronary artery disease. The Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Project Investigators and Staff. Circulation 84: 2020-2027.
24. Marshall JA, Bessesen DH, Hamman RF. 1997. High saturated fat and low starch and fbre are associated with hyperinsulinaemia in a non-diabetic population: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 40: 430-438.
25. Pérez-Jiménez F, López-Miranda J, Pinillos MD, Gómez P, Paz-Rojas E, Montilla P, Marín C, Velasco MJ, Blanco-Molina A, Jiménez Perepérez JA, Ordovás JM. 2001. A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons. Diabeto-logia 44: 2038-2043.
26. Vessby B, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Tapsell LC, Nalsen C, Berglund L, Louheranta A, Rasmussen BM, Calvert GD, Maffetone A, Pedersen E, Gustafsson IB, Storlien LH; KANWU Study. 2001. Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU Study. Diabetologia 44: 312-319.
27. Klag MJ, Ford DE, Mead LA, He J, Whelton PK, Liang, KY, Levine DM. 1993. Serum cholesterol in young men and subsequent cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 328: 313-318.
28. Gerhard GT, Ahmann A, Meeuws K, McMurry MP, Duell PB, Connor WE. 2004. Effects of a low-fat diet compared with those of a high-monounsaturated fat diet on body weight, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 668-673.
29. Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, Djordjevic BS, Dontas AS, Fidanza F, Keys MH, Kromhout D, Nedeljkovic S, Punsar S, Srccareccia F, Toshima H. 1986. The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol 124: 903-915.
30. Esrey KL, Joseph L, Grover SA. 1996. Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 49: 211-216.
31. Posner M, Cobb JL, Belanger AJ, Cupples A, D'Agostino RB, Stokes J 3rd. 1991. Dietary lipid predictors of coronary heart disease in men. The Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 151: 1181-1187.
32. Pearce ML, Dayton S. 1971. Incidence of cancer in men on a diet high in polyunsaturated fat. Lancet 1: 464-467.
33. Kimura Y, Kono S, Toyomura K, Nagano J, Mizoue T, Moore MA, Mibu R, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Yasunami Y, Maekawa T, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Imaizumi N. 2007. Meat, fsh and fat intake in relation to subsite-specifc risk of colorectal cancer: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Cancer Sci 98: 590-597.
34. Zock PL, Katan MB. 1998. Linoleic acid intake and cancer risk: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 68: 142-153.
35. Lewis RA, Austen KF. 1984. The biologically active leu-kotrienes. Biosynthesis, metabolism, receptors, functions, and pharmacology. J Clin Invest 73: 889-897.
36. Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Arakawa M, Tanaka K, Murakami K, Ohya Y. 2008. Fatty acid intake and asthma symptoms in Japanese children: the Ryukyus Child Health Study. Clin Exp Allergy 38: 1644-1650.
37. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Wolk A, Cold-itz GA, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. 1999. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 890-897.
38. Mozaffarian D, Ascherio A, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Siscovick DS, Rimm EB. 2005. Interplay between different polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Circulation 111: 157-164.
39. Bjerve KS. 1989. n-3 fatty acid defciency in man. J Intern Med Suppl 731: 171-175.
40. De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. 1999. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: fnal report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99: 779-785.
41. Singh RB, Dubnov G, Niaz MA, Ghosh S, Singh R, Ras-togi SS, Manor O, Pella D, Berry EM. 2002. Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial. Lancet 360: 1455-1461.
42. Folsom AR, Demissie Z. 2004. Fish intake, marine omega-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a cohort of post-menopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 160: 1005-1010.
43. Albert CM, Oh K, Whang W, Manson JE, Chae CU, Stamp-fer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. 2005. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease. Circulation 112: 3232-3238.
44. Ezaki O, Takahashi M, Shigematsu T, Shimamura K, Kimura J, Ezaki H, Gotoh T. 1999. Long-term effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid from perilla oil on serum fatty acids composition and on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in Japanese elderly subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 45: 759-772.
45. Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Zock PL. 2004. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 134: 919-922.
46. Ezaki O, Sato S, Sakono M, Miyake Y, Mito N, Umezawa M. 2006. Concept of reference intake of n-3 polyunsat-urated fatty acids in the Japanese population. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 59: 123-158.
47. Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB. 2006. Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA 296: 1885-1899.
48. Iso H, Kobayashi M, Ishihara J, Sasaki S, Okada K, Kita Y, Kokubo Y, Tsugane S. 2006. Intake of fish and n3 fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-Based (JPHC) Study Cohort I. Circulation 113: 195-202.
49. Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H, Ita-kura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shi-mada K, Shirato K; Japan E PA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) Investigators. 2007. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded end-point analysis. Lancet 369: 1090-1098.
50. Yamagishi K, Iso H, Date C, Fukui M, Wakai K, Kikuchi S, Inaba Y, Tanabe N, Tamakoshi A. 2008. Fish, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and mortality from cardiovascular diseases in a nationwide community-based cohort of Japanese men and women the JACC (Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 52: 988-996.
51. Tavazzi L, Maggioni A P, Marchioli R, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Latini R, Lucci D, Nicolosi GL, Porcu M, Tognoni G. 2008. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 372: 1223-1230.
52. He K, Rimm EB, Merchant A, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A. 2002. Fish consumption and risk of stroke in men. JAMA 288: 3130-3136.
53. Iso H, Rexrode KM, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. 2001. Intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of stroke in women. JAMA 285: 304-312.
54. Virtanen JK, Siscovick DS, Longstreth WT Jr, Kuller LH, Mozaffarian D. 2008. Fish consumption and risk of sub-clinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults. Neurology 71: 439-446.
55. Tanaka K, Ishikawa Y, Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsu-zaki M, Saito Y, Matsuzawa Y, Sasaki J, Oikawa S, Hishida H, Itakura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shimada K, Shirato K; JELIS Investigators, Japan. 2008. Reduction in the recurrence of stroke by eicosapentae-noic acid for hypercholesterolemic patients: subanalysis of the JELIS trial. Stroke 39: 2052-2058.
56. Chua B, Flood V, Rochtchina E, Wang JJ, Smith W, Mitchell P. 2006. Dietary fatty acids and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 124: 981-986.
57. SanGiovanni J P, Chew EY, Clemons TE, Davis MD, Ferris FL 3rd, Gensler GR, Kurinij N, Lindblad AS, Milton RC, Seddon JM, Sperduto RD. 2007. The relationship of dietary lipid intake and age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study: AREDS Report No. 20. Arch Ophthalmol 125: 671-679.
58. Seddon JM, George S, Rosner B. 2006. Cigarette smoking, fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and associations with age-related macular degeneration: the US Twin Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 124: 995-1001.
59. Miyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Ohya Y, Miyamoto S, Ma -tsu naga I, Yoshida T, Hirota Y, Oda H. 2007. Fish and fat intake and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Japanese females: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. J Am Coll Nutr 26: 279-287.
60. Hogstrom M, Nordstrom P, Nordstrom A. 2007. n-3 Fatty acids are positively associated with peak bone mineral density and bone accrual in healthy men: the NO2 Study. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 803-807.
61. Beydoun MA, Kaufman JS, Sloane PD, Heiss G, Ibrahim J. 2008. n-3 Fatty acids, hypertension and risk of cognitive decline among older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Public Health Nutr 11: 17-29.
62. Van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. 2007. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 1142-1147.
63. Iso H, Jacobs DR Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD. 1989. Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. N Engl J Med 320: 904-910.
64. Konishi M, Iso H, Komachi Y, Iida M, Shimamoto T, Jacobs DR Jr, Terao A, Baba S, Sankai T, Ito M. 1993. Associations of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and stenosis distribution of cerebral arteries. The Akita Pathology Study. Stroke 24: 954-964.
65. Tanaka H, Ueda Y, Hayashi M, Date C, Baba T, Yamashita H, Shoji H, Tanaka Y, Owada K, Detels R. 1982. Risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. Stroke 13: 62-73.
66. Sauvaget C, Nagano J, Hayashi M, Yamada M. 2004. Animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol intakes and risk of cerebral infarction mortality in the adult health study. Stroke 35: 1531-1537.
67. Atkins D, Psaty BM, Koepsell TD, Longstreth WT Jr, Larson EB. 1993. Cholesterol reduction and the risk for stroke in men. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 119: 136-145.
68. Djousse L, Gaziano JM. 2008. Egg consumption in relation to cardiovascular disease and mortality: the Physicians' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 964-969.
69. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. 1997. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 337: 1491-1499.
70. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Ascherio A, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Spiegelman D, Speizer FE, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. 1999. A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. JAMA 281: 1387-1394.
71. Nakamura Y, Okamura T, Tamaki S, Kadowaki T, Haya-kawa T, Kita Y, Okayama A, Ueshima H. 2004. Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specifc and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80). Am J Clin Nutr 80: 58-63.
72. Nakamura Y, Iso H, Kita Y, Ueshima H, Okada K, Konishi M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. 2006. Egg consumption, serum total cholesterol concentrations and coronary heart disease incidence: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Br J Nutr 96: 921-928.
73. Lucenteforte E, Talamini R, Montella M, Dal Maso L, Tavani A, Deandrea S, Pelucchi C, Greggi S, Zucchetto A, Barbone F, Parpinel M, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Negri E. 2008. Macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol intake and endometrial cancer. Ann Oncol 19: 168-172.
74. Pan Y, Ugnat AM, Mao Y, Wen SW, Johnson KC. 2004. A case-control study of diet and the risk of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13: 1521-1527.
75. Ezaki O, Sakono M, Miyake Y, Mito N. 2005. Concepts for reference intake of cholesterol in the Japanese population. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 58: 69-83.
76. Mozaffarian D. 2006. Trans fatty acids-effects on systemic infammation and endothelial function. Athero-scler Suppl 7: 29-32.
77. Ascherio A, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Master C, Stamp-fer MJ, Willett WC. 1994. Trans-fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation 89: 94-101.
78. Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Dyerberg J, Heitmann BL. 2008. Intake of ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol 37: 173-182.
79. Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P, Hartman AM, Wil-lett WC, Albanes D, Virtamo J. 1997. Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol 145: 876-887.
80. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Rosner BA, Sampson LA, Hennekens CH. 1993. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 341: 581-585.
81. Hunter JE. 2006. Dietary trans fatty acids: review of recent human studies and food industry responses. Lip-ids 41: 967-992.