메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue JAN, 2012, Pages

Cross-talk between metabolism and reproduction: The role of POMC and SF1 neurons

Author keywords

Energy homeostasis; Hypothalamus; Reproduction

Indexed keywords


EID: 84874376748     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16642392     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00098     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (218)
  • 1
    • 0023250855 scopus 로고
    • Steroid-independent endogenous opioid peptide suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone release between estrus and diestrus in the rat estrous cycle
    • Babu, G., NMarco, J., Bona-Gallo, A., and Gallo, R. V. (1987). Steroid-independent endogenous opioid peptide suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone release between estrus and diestrus in the rat estrous cycle. Brain Res. 416, 235-242.
    • (1987) Brain Res , vol.416 , pp. 235-242
    • Babu, G.1    N'Marco, J.2    Bona-Gallo, A.3    Gallo, R.V.4
  • 2
    • 71949110404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortins may stimulate reproduction by acti-vating orexin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and kisspeptin neurons in the preoptic area of the ewe
    • Backholer, K., Smith, J., and Clarke, I. J. (2009). Melanocortins may stimulate reproduction by acti-vating orexin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and kisspeptin neurons in the preoptic area of the ewe. Endocrinology 150, 5488-5497.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 5488-5497
    • Backholer, K.1    Smith, J.2    Clarke, I.J.3
  • 3
    • 77953148020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin cells in the ewe brain respond to leptin and communicate with neuropeptide Y and proopi-omelanocortin cells
    • Backholer, K., Smith, J. T., Rao, A., Pereira, A., Iqbal, J., Ogawa, S., Li, Q., and Clarke, I. J. (2010). Kisspeptin cells in the ewe brain respond to leptin and communicate with neuropeptide Y and proopi-omelanocortin cells. Endocrinology 151, 2233-2243.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 2233-2243
    • Backholer, K.1    Smith, J.T.2    Rao, A.3    Pereira, A.4    Iqbal, J.5    Ogawa, S.6    Li, Q.7    Clarke, I.J.8
  • 4
    • 77953148020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin cells in the ewe brain respond to leptin and communicate with neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin cells
    • Backholer, K., Smith, J. T., Rao, A., Pereira, A., Iqbal, J., Ogawa, S., Li, Q., and Clarke, I. J. (2010). Kisspeptin cells in the ewe brain respond to leptin and communicate with neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin cells. Endocrinology 151, 2233-2243.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 2233-2243
    • Backholer, K.1    Smith, J.T.2    Rao, A.3    Pereira, A.4    Iqbal, J.5    Ogawa, S.6    Li, Q.7    Clarke, I.J.8
  • 5
    • 0028157059 scopus 로고
    • The direct pitu-itary effect of testosterone to inhibit gonadotropin secretion in men is partially mediated by aromatization to estradiol
    • Bagatell, C. J., Dahl, K. D., and Brem-ner, W. J. (1994). The direct pitu-itary effect of testosterone to inhibit gonadotropin secretion in men is partially mediated by aromatization to estradiol. J. Androl. 15, 15-21.
    • (1994) J. Androl. , vol.15 , pp. 15-21
    • Bagatell, C.J.1    Dahl, K.D.2    Brem-ner, W.J.3
  • 8
    • 0032998652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpop-ulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothal-amus
    • Baskin, D. G., Breininger, J. F., and Schwartz, M. W. (1999). Leptin receptor mRNA identifies a subpop-ulation of neuropeptide Y neurons activated by fasting in rat hypothal-amus. Diabetes 48, 828-833.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 828-833
    • Baskin, D.G.1    Breininger, J.F.2    Schwartz, M.W.3
  • 10
    • 0018866859 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hor-monal treatments that affect lordo-sis
    • Blaustein, J. D., and Feder, H. H. (1980). Nuclear progestin receptors in guinea pig brain measured by an in vitro exchange assay after hor-monal treatments that affect lordo-sis. Endocrinology 106, 1061-1069.
    • (1980) Endocrinology , vol.106 , pp. 1061-1069
    • Blaustein, J.D.1    Feder, H.H.2
  • 11
    • 0017189871 scopus 로고
    • Ovarian influences on the meal pat-terns of female rats
    • Blaustein, J. D., and Wade, G. N. (1976). Ovarian influences on the meal pat-terns of female rats. Physiol. Behav. 17, 201-208.
    • (1976) Physiol. Behav. , vol.17 , pp. 201-208
    • Blaustein, J.D.1    Wade, G.N.2
  • 12
    • 27744573473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction
    • Boehm, U., Zou, Z., and Buck, L. B. (2005). Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction. Cell 123, 683-695.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , pp. 683-695
    • Boehm, U.1    Zou, Z.2    Buck, L.B.3
  • 13
    • 0032443807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropep-tide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in nor-mal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice
    • Broberger, C., Johansen, J., Johans-son, C., Schalling, M., and Hök-felt, T. (1998). The neuropep-tide Y/agouti gene-related protein (AGRP) brain circuitry in nor-mal, anorectic, and monosodium glutamate-treated mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 15043-15048.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.95 , pp. 15043-15048
    • Broberger, C.1    Johansen, J.2    Johans-son, C.3    Schalling, M.4    Hök-felt, T.5
  • 14
    • 0017715084 scopus 로고
    • Effects of naloxone, morphine and methion-ine enkephalin on serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimu-lating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone
    • Bruni, J. F., Van Vugt, D., Marshall, S., and Meites, J. (1977). Effects of naloxone, morphine and methion-ine enkephalin on serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimu-lating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone. Life Sci. 21, 461-466.
    • (1977) Life Sci , vol.21 , pp. 461-466
    • Bruni, J.F.1    Van Vugt, D.2    Marshall, S.3    Meites, J.4
  • 16
    • 0141673466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from hypothalamic neurons: stimulation by insulin and potentiation by lep-tin
    • Burcelin, R., Thorens, B., Thorens, B., Glauser, M., Gaillard, R. C., and Pra-long, F. P. (2003a). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from hypothalamic neurons: stimulation by insulin and potentiation by lep-tin. Endocrinology 144, 4484-4491.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 4484-4491
    • Burcelin, R.1    Thorens, B.2    Thorens, B.3    Glauser, M.4    Gaillard, R.C.5    Pra-long, F.P.6
  • 17
    • 0141673466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from hypo-thalamic neurons: stimulation by insulin and potentiation by leptin
    • Burcelin, R., Thorens, B., Glauser, M., Gaillard, R. C., and Pralong, F. P. (2003b). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion from hypo-thalamic neurons: stimulation by insulin and potentiation by leptin. Endocrinology 144, 4484-4491.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 4484-4491
    • Burcelin, R.1    Thorens, B.2    Glauser, M.3    Gaillard, R.C.4    Pralong, F.P.5
  • 18
    • 33748470566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coex-pression of dynorphin and neu-rokinin B immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus: morphologic evi-dence of interrelated function within the arcuate nucleus
    • Burke, M. C., Letts, P. A., Krajewski, S. J., and Rance, N. E. (2006). Coex-pression of dynorphin and neu-rokinin B immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus: morphologic evi-dence of interrelated function within the arcuate nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 498, 712-726.
    • (2006) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.498 , pp. 712-726
    • Burke, M.C.1    Letts, P.A.2    Krajewski, S.J.3    Rance, N.E.4
  • 20
    • 14244261469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocytin fill-ing of adult gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in situ reveals extensive, spiny, dendritic processes
    • Campbell, R. E., Han, S. K., and Her-bison, A. E. (2005). Biocytin fill-ing of adult gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in situ reveals extensive, spiny, dendritic processes. Endocrinology 146, 1163-1169.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 1163-1169
    • Campbell, R.E.1    Han, S.K.2    Her-bison, A.E.3
  • 21
    • 77954157770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron dendrite
    • Campbell, R. E., and Suter, K. J. (2010). Redefining the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron dendrite. J. Neuroendocrinol. 22, 650-658.
    • (2010) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.22 , pp. 650-658
    • Campbell, R.E.1    Suter, K.J.2
  • 22
    • 0029048408 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal link-ing adiposity and central neural net-works
    • Campfield, L. A., Smith, F. J., Guisez, Y., Devos, R., and Burn, P. (1995). Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal link-ing adiposity and central neural net-works. Science 269, 546-549.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 546-549
    • Campfield, L.A.1    Smith, F.J.2    Guisez, Y.3    Devos, R.4    Burn, P.5
  • 23
    • 0028133318 scopus 로고
    • Organization of projections from the ventrome-dial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study in the rat
    • Canteras, N. S., Simerly, R. B., and Swanson,L.W. (1994). Organization of projections from the ventrome-dial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 348, 41-79.
    • (1994) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.348 , pp. 41-79
    • Canteras, N.S.1    Simerly, R.B.2    Swanson, L.W.3
  • 24
    • 0024366535 scopus 로고
    • Biphasic response in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovariectomized ewes injected with oestradiol
    • Caraty, A., Locatelli, A., and Martin, G. B. (1989). Biphasic response in the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovariectomized ewes injected with oestradiol. J. Endocrinol. 123, 375-382.
    • (1989) J. Endocrinol. , vol.123 , pp. 375-382
    • Caraty, A.1    Locatelli, A.2    Martin, G.B.3
  • 25
    • 0038645816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause
    • Carr, M. C. (2003). The emergence of the metabolic syndrome with menopause. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88, 2404-2411.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.88 , pp. 2404-2411
    • Carr, M.C.1
  • 26
    • 0021848667 scopus 로고
    • Release of LH in response to alpha-MSH administra-tion
    • Celis, M. E. (1985). Release of LH in response to alpha-MSH administra-tion. Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Lati-noam. 35, 281-290.
    • (1985) Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Lati-noam. , vol.35 , pp. 281-290
    • Celis, M.E.1
  • 27
    • 0030928779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Con-neely, O. M., O'Malley, B. W., and Levine, J. E
    • Chappell, P. E., Lydon, J. P., Con-neely, O. M., O'Malley, B. W., and Levine, J. E. (1997). Endocrine defects in mice carrying a null muta-tion for the progesterone receptor gene. Endocrinology 138,4147-4152.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 4147-4152
    • Chappell, P.E.1    Lydon, J.P.2
  • 28
    • 0030010388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin
    • Chehab, F. F., Lim, M. E., and Lu, R. (1996). Correction of the sterility defect in homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant leptin. Nat. Genet. 12, 318-320.
    • (1996) Nat. Genet. , vol.12 , pp. 318-320
    • Chehab, F.F.1    Lim, M.E.2    Lu, R.3
  • 29
    • 0024524678 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) neu-rons are directly innervated by catecholamine terminals
    • Chen, W. P., Witkin, J. W., and Silver-man, A. J. (1989a). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) neu-rons are directly innervated by catecholamine terminals. Synapse 3, 288-290.
    • (1989) Synapse , vol.3 , pp. 288-290
    • Chen, W.P.1    Witkin, J.W.2    Silver-man, A.J.3
  • 30
    • 0024340579 scopus 로고
    • beta-Endorphin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone synaptic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory cells in the male rat
    • Chen, W. P., Witkin, J. W., and Silver-man, A. J. (1989b). beta-Endorphin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone synaptic input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory cells in the male rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 286, 85-95.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.286 , pp. 85-95
    • Chen, W.P.1    Witkin, J.W.2    Silver-man, A.J.3
  • 31
    • 73649083725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cell population of the arcu-ate nucleus: sex differences and effects of prenatal testosterone in sheep
    • Cheng, G., Coolen, L. M., Pad-manabhan, V., Goodman, R. L., and Lehman, M. N. (2010). The kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cell population of the arcu-ate nucleus: sex differences and effects of prenatal testosterone in sheep. Endocrinology 151, 301-311
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 301-311
    • Cheng, G.1    Coolen, L.M.2    Pad-manabhan, V.3    Goodman, R.L.4    Lehman, M.N.5
  • 32
    • 0030928715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proopiome-lanocortin neurons are direct tar-gets for leptin in the hypothalamus
    • Cheung, C. C., Clifton, D. K., and Steiner, R. A. (1997). Proopiome-lanocortin neurons are direct tar-gets for leptin in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 138, 4489-4492.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 4489-4492
    • Cheung, C.C.1    Clifton, D.K.2    Steiner, R.A.3
  • 33
    • 0030890513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadal steroid hormone regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in neurons that innervate the median eminence of the rat
    • Cheung, S., and Hammer, R. P. Jr. (1997). Gonadal steroid hormone regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in neurons that innervate the median eminence of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 224, 181-184.
    • (1997) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.224 , pp. 181-184
    • Cheung, S.1    Hammer Jr., R.P.2
  • 34
    • 0027402728 scopus 로고
    • Negative feedback effects of E2 on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release occur in pubertal, but not prepubertal, ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys
    • Chongthammakun, S., and Terasawa, E. (1993). Negative feedback effects of E2 on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release occur in pubertal, but not prepubertal, ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys. Endocrinol-ogy 132, 735-743.
    • (1993) Endocrinol-ogy , vol.132 , pp. 735-743
    • Chongthammakun, S.1    Terasawa, E.2
  • 35
    • 33747399077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism in the organization of the rat hypothalamic infundibular area
    • Ciofi, P., Leroy, D., and Tramu, G. (2006). Sexual dimorphism in the organization of the rat hypothalamic infundibular area. Neuroscience 141, 1731-1745.
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.141 , pp. 1731-1745
    • Ciofi, P.1    Leroy, D.2    Tramu, G.3
  • 36
    • 33751538038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal development of kisspeptin neurons in mouse hypothalamus; sexual dimorphism and projec-tions to gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons
    • Clarkson, J., and Herbison, A. E. (2006). Postnatal development of kisspeptin neurons in mouse hypothalamus; sexual dimorphism and projec-tions to gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons. Endocrinology 147, 5817-5825.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 5817-5825
    • Clarkson, J.1    Herbison, A.E.2
  • 38
    • 0018139377 scopus 로고
    • Obese and dia-betes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice
    • Coleman, D. L. (1978). Obese and dia-betes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-obesity syndromes in mice. Diabetologia 14, 141-148.
    • (1978) Diabetologia , vol.14 , pp. 141-148
    • Coleman, D.L.1
  • 39
    • 0032772960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central melanocortin system and energy homeostasis
    • Cone, R. D. (1999). The central melanocortin system and energy homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 10, 211-216.
    • (1999) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.10 , pp. 211-216
    • Cone, R.D.1
  • 41
    • 33746049393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal remodeling of dendritic structure and spine den-sity in gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons
    • Cottrell, E. C., Campbell, R. E., Han, S. K., and Herbison, A. E. (2006). Postnatal remodeling of dendritic structure and spine den-sity in gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons. Endocrinology 147, 3652-3661.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 3652-3661
    • Cottrell, E.C.1    Campbell, R.E.2    Han, S.K.3    Herbison, A.E.4
  • 42
    • 0028792150 scopus 로고
    • Disrup-tion of the mouse oestrogen recep-tor gene: resulting phenotypes and experimental findings
    • Couse, J. F., Curtis, S. W., Washburn, T. F., Eddy, E. M., Schomberg, D. W., and Korach, K. S. (1995). Disrup-tion of the mouse oestrogen recep-tor gene: resulting phenotypes and experimental findings. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23, 929-935.
    • (1995) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.23 , pp. 929-935
    • Couse, J.F.1    Curtis, S.W.2    Washburn, T.F.3    Eddy, E.M.4    Schomberg, D.W.5    Korach, K.S.6
  • 43
    • 0038517910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Char-acterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in estrogen receptor (ER) Null mice reveals hypergonadism and endocrine sex reversal in females lacking ERalpha but not ERbeta
    • Couse, J. F., Yates, M. M., Walker, V. R., and Korach, K. S. (2003). Char-acterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in estrogen receptor (ER) Null mice reveals hypergonadism and endocrine sex reversal in females lacking ERalpha but not ERbeta. Mol. Endocrinol. 17, 1039-1053.
    • (2003) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.17 , pp. 1039-1053
    • Couse, J.F.1    Yates, M.M.2    Walker, V.R.3    Korach, K.S.4
  • 44
    • 0021335636 scopus 로고
    • Pituitary content of gonadotropins and receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and hypothalamic content of GnRH dur-ing the periovulatory period of the ewe
    • Crowder, M. E., and Nett, T. M. (1984). Pituitary content of gonadotropins and receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and hypothalamic content of GnRH dur-ing the periovulatory period of the ewe. Endocrinology 114, 234-239.
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.114 , pp. 234-239
    • Crowder, M.E.1    Nett, T.M.2
  • 45
    • 47949125934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin can stim-ulate gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone (GnRH) release by a direct action at GnRH nerve terminals
    • d'Anglemont de Tassigny, X., Fagg, L. A., Carlton, M. B., and Colledge, W. H. (2008). Kisspeptin can stim-ulate gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone (GnRH) release by a direct action at GnRH nerve terminals. Endocrinology 149, 3926-3932.
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 3926-3932
    • d'Anglemont de Tassigny, X.1    Fagg, L.A.2    Carlton, M.B.3    Colledge, W.H.4
  • 48
    • 79955934209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The estro-gen receptor alpha colocalizes with proopiomelanocortin in hypothala-mic neurons and binds to a con-served motif present in the neuron-specific enhancer nPE2
    • de Souza, F. S., Nasif, S., López-Leal, R., Levi, D. H., Low, M. J., and Rubinsten, M. (2011). The estro-gen receptor alpha colocalizes with proopiomelanocortin in hypothala-mic neurons and binds to a con-served motif present in the neuron-specific enhancer nPE2. Eur. J. Phar-macol. 660, 181-187.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Phar-macol. , vol.660 , pp. 181-187
    • de Souza, F.S.1    Nasif, S.2    López-Leal, R.3    Levi, D.H.4    Low, M.J.5    Rubinsten, M.6
  • 49
    • 56549128570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin immunoreactive neurons in the equine hypothalamus Interactions with GnRH neuronalsystem
    • Decourt, C., Tillet, Y., Caraty, A., Franceschini, I., and Briant, C. (2008). Kisspeptin immunoreactive neurons in the equine hypothalamus Interactions with GnRH neuronalsystem. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 36, 131-137.
    • (2008) J. Chem. Neuroanat. , vol.36 , pp. 131-137
    • Decourt, C.1    Tillet, Y.2    Caraty, A.3    Franceschini, I.4    Briant, C.5
  • 50
    • 12244253710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
    • DeFazio, R. A., Heger, S., Ojeda, S. R., and Moenter, S. M. (2002). Activation of A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 2872-2891.
    • (2002) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.16 , pp. 2872-2891
    • DeFazio, R.A.1    Heger, S.2    Ojeda, S.R.3    Moenter, S.M.4
  • 51
    • 0034618213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the gene encoding SF-1 alters the distribution of hypothalamic neu-ronal phenotypes
    • Dellovade, T. L., Young, M., Ross, E. P., Henderson, R., Caron, K., Parker, K., and Tobet, S. A. (2000). Disruption of the gene encoding SF-1 alters the distribution of hypothalamic neu-ronal phenotypes. J. Comp. Neurol. 423, 579-589.
    • (2000) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.423 , pp. 579-589
    • Dellovade, T.L.1    Young, M.2    Ross, E.P.3    Henderson, R.4    Caron, K.5    Parker, K.6    Tobet, S.A.7
  • 55
    • 0015821522 scopus 로고
    • Sexual behaviour and sexual motivation in the female rat
    • Drewett, R. F. (1973). Sexual behaviour and sexual motivation in the female rat. Nature 242, 476-477.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.242 , pp. 476-477
    • Drewett, R.F.1
  • 56
    • 0022294724 scopus 로고
    • Effects of E2 on food intake, body weight, and tem-perature of male and female obese mice
    • Dubuc, P. U. (1985). Effects of E2 on food intake, body weight, and tem-perature of male and female obese mice. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 180, 468-473.
    • (1985) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.180 , pp. 468-473
    • Dubuc, P.U.1
  • 58
    • 0028325870 scopus 로고
    • Central reg-ulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secre-tion by estradiol during the period leading up to the preovulatory GnRH surge in the ewe
    • Evans, N. P., Dahl, G. E., Glover, B. H., and Karsch, F. J. (1994). Central reg-ulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secre-tion by estradiol during the period leading up to the preovulatory GnRH surge in the ewe. Endocrinol-ogy 134, 1806-1811.
    • (1994) Endocrinol-ogy , vol.134 , pp. 1806-1811
    • Evans, N.P.1    Dahl, G.E.2    Glover, B.H.3    Karsch, F.J.4
  • 59
    • 35548936522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estro-gen receptor-alpha expression in the mammary epithelium is required for ductal and alveolar morphogenesis in mice
    • Feng, Y., Manka, D., Wagner, K. U., and Khan, S. A. (2007). Estro-gen receptor-alpha expression in the mammary epithelium is required for ductal and alveolar morphogenesis in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 14718-14723.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.104 , pp. 14718-14723
    • Feng, Y.1    Manka, D.2    Wagner, K.U.3    Khan, S.A.4
  • 60
    • 0036082812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic spine pathology: cause or consequence of neurolog-ical disorders?
    • Fiala, J. C., Spacek, J., and Harris, K. M. (2002). Dendritic spine pathology: cause or consequence of neurolog-ical disorders? Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 39, 29-54.
    • (2002) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev , vol.39 , pp. 29-54
    • Fiala, J.C.1    Spacek, J.2    Harris, K.M.3
  • 62
    • 0025991345 scopus 로고
    • Sex steroid control of gonadotropin secretion in the human male I. Effects of testos-terone administration in normal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-deficient men
    • Finkelstein, J. S., Whitcomb, R. W., O'Dea, L. S., Longcope, C., Schoen-feld, D. A., and Crowley, W. F. Jr. (1991a). Sex steroid control of gonadotropin secretion in the human male. I. Effects of testos-terone administration in normal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-deficient men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73, 609-620.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.73 , pp. 609-620
    • Finkelstein, J.S.1    Whitcomb, R.W.2    O'Dea, L.S.3    Longcope, C.4    Schoen-feld, D.A.5    Crowley Jr., W.F.6
  • 63
    • 0026007087 scopus 로고
    • Sex steroid control of gonadotropin secretion in the human male II. Effects of estra-diol administration in normal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-deficient men
    • Finkelstein, J. S., O'Dea, L. S., Whit-comb, R. W., and Crowley, W. F. Jr. (1991b). Sex steroid control of gonadotropin secretion in the human male. II. Effects of estra-diol administration in normal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-deficient men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73, 621-628.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.73 , pp. 621-628
    • Finkelstein, J.S.1    O'Dea, L.S.2    Whit-comb, R.W.3    Crowley Jr., W.F.4
  • 64
    • 0031768209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stimulatory effect of leptin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis of the monkey
    • Finn, P. D., Cunningham, M. J., Pau, K. Y., Spies, H. G., Clifton, D. K., and Steiner, R. A. (1998). The stimulatory effect of leptin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis of the monkey. Endocrinology 139, 4652-4662.
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , pp. 4652-4662
    • Finn, P.D.1    Cunningham, M.J.2    Pau, K.Y.3    Spies, H.G.4    Clifton, D.K.5    Steiner, R.A.6
  • 66
    • 15444365340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cere-brospinal fluid and preprodynor-phin messenger ribonucleic acid lev-els in a subset of dynorphin neu-rons in the sheep
    • Foradori,C. D.,Goodman,R. L.,Adams, V. L., Valent, M., and Lehman, M. N. (2005). Progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cere-brospinal fluid and preprodynor-phin messenger ribonucleic acid lev-els in a subset of dynorphin neu-rons in the sheep. Endocrinology 146, 1835-1842.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 1835-1842
    • Foradori, C.D.1    Goodman, R.L.2    Adams, V.L.3    Valent, M.4    Lehman, M.N.5
  • 67
    • 0037048640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends and correlates of class 3 obesity in the United States from 1990 through 2000
    • Freedman, D. S., Khan, L. K., Serdula, M. K., Galuska, D. A., and Dietz, W. H. (2002). Trends and correlates of class 3 obesity in the United States from 1990 through 2000. JAMA 288, 1758-1761.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1758-1761
    • Freedman, D.S.1    Khan, L.K.2    Serdula, M.K.3    Galuska, D.A.4    Dietz, W.H.5
  • 68
    • 0018617369 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intraventricular infusion of catecholamines on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized and ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats
    • Gallo, R. V., and Drouva, S. V. (1979). Effect of intraventricular infusion of catecholamines on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized and ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats. Neuroendocrinology 29, 149-162.
    • (1979) Neuroendocrinology , vol.29 , pp. 149-162
    • Gallo, R.V.1    Drouva, S.V.2
  • 70
    • 0021999083 scopus 로고
    • Opioid effects on plasma concen-trations of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the adult male rhesus monkey
    • Gilbeau, P. M., Almirez, R. G., Hola-day, J. W., and Smith, C. G. (1985). Opioid effects on plasma concen-trations of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the adult male rhesus monkey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 60, 299-305.
    • (1985) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.60 , pp. 299-305
    • Gilbeau, P.M.1    Almirez, R.G.2    Hola-day, J.W.3    Smith, C.G.4
  • 71
    • 0032586279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin(116-130) stimulates pro-lactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in fasted adult male rats
    • Gonzalez, L. C., Pinilla, L., Tena-Sempere, M., and Aguilar, E. (1999). Leptin(116-130) stimulates pro-lactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in fasted adult male rats. Neuroendocrinology 70, 213-220.
    • (1999) Neuroendocrinology , vol.70 , pp. 213-220
    • Gonzalez, L.C.1    Pinilla, L.2    Tena-Sempere, M.3    Aguilar, E.4
  • 72
    • 2542422831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that dynorphin plays a major role in mediating progesterone negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in sheep
    • Goodman, R. L., Coolen, L. M., Anderson, G. M., Hardy, S. L., Valent, M., Connors, J. M., Fitzger-ald, M. E., and Lehman, M. N. (2004). Evidence that dynorphin plays a major role in mediating progesterone negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in sheep. Endocrinology 145, 2959-2967.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 2959-2967
    • Goodman, R.L.1    Coolen, L.M.2    Anderson, G.M.3    Hardy, S.L.4    Valent, M.5    Connors, J.M.6    Fitzger-ald, M.E.7    Lehman, M.N.8
  • 74
    • 0029013520 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opioid peptides control the amplitude and shape of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses in the ewe
    • Goodman, R. L., Parfitt, D. B., Evans, N. P., Dahl, G. E., and Karsch, F. J. (1995). Endogenous opioid peptides control the amplitude and shape of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulses in the ewe. Endocrinology 136, 2412-2420.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2412-2420
    • Goodman, R.L.1    Parfitt, D.B.2    Evans, N.P.3    Dahl, G.E.4    Karsch, F.J.5
  • 76
    • 0022580196 scopus 로고
    • Progressive infer-tility in female lethal yellow mice (Ay/a strain C57bl/6j)
    • Granholm, N. H., Jeppesen, K. W., and Japs, R. A. (1986). Progressive infer-tility in female lethal yellow mice (Ay/a strain C57bl/6j). J. Reprod. Fertil. 76, 279-287.
    • (1986) J. Reprod. Fertil. , vol.76 , pp. 279-287
    • Granholm, N.H.1    Jeppesen, K.W.2    Japs, R.A.3
  • 77
    • 0032130554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neu-rons
    • Hahn, T. M., Breininger, J. F., Baskin, D. G., and Schwartz, M. W. (1998). Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neu-rons. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 271-272.
    • (1998) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 271-272
    • Hahn, T.M.1    Breininger, J.F.2    Baskin, D.G.3    Schwartz, M.W.4
  • 79
    • 0028561846 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal steroid hor-mones and hypothalamic opioid cir-cuitry
    • Hammer, R. P. Jr., Zhou, L., and Che-ung, S. (1994). Gonadal steroid hor-mones and hypothalamic opioid cir-cuitry. Horm. Behav. 28, 431-437.
    • (1994) Horm. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 431-437
    • Hammer Jr., R.P.1    Zhou, L.2    Che-ung, S.3
  • 80
    • 0036214661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of GABA on GnRH neurons switches from depolarization to hyperpolarization at puberty in the female mouse
    • Han, S. K., Abraham, I. M., and Her-bison, A. E. (2002). Effect of GABA on GnRH neurons switches from depolarization to hyperpolarization at puberty in the female mouse. Endocrinology 143, 1459-1466.
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 1459-1466
    • Han, S.K.1    Abraham, I.M.2    Her-bison, A.E.3
  • 81
    • 30544450474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activa-tion of gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty
    • Han, S. K., Gottsch, M. L., Lee, K. J., Popa, S. M., Smith, J. T., Jakawich, S. K., Clifton, D. K., Steiner, R. A., and Herbison, A. E. (2005). Activa-tion of gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty. J. Neurosci. 25, 11349-11356.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci. , vol.25 , pp. 11349-11356
    • Han, S.K.1    Gottsch, M.L.2    Lee, K.J.3    Popa, S.M.4    Smith, J.T.5    Jakawich, S.K.6    Clifton, D.K.7    Steiner, R.A.8    Herbison, A.E.9
  • 82
    • 0025917716 scopus 로고
    • Effects of intraventricular injection of delta receptor antagonist ICI 154 129 on the secretion of luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin in the proestrous rat
    • Hashimoto, R., and Kimura, F. (1991). Effects of intraventricular injection of delta receptor antagonist ICI 154, 129 on the secretion of luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin in the proestrous rat. Endocrinol. Jpn. 38, 213-218.
    • (1991) Endocrinol. Jpn. , vol.38 , pp. 213-218
    • Hashimoto, R.1    Kimura, F.2
  • 86
    • 70350528730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proopiomelanocortin expression in both GABA and glu-tamate neurons
    • Hentges, S. T., Otero-Corchon, V., Pen-nock, R. L., King, C. M., and Low, M. J. (2009). Proopiomelanocortin expression in both GABA and glu-tamate neurons. J. Neurosci. 29, 13684-13690.
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 13684-13690
    • Hentges, S.T.1    Otero-Corchon, V.2    Pen-nock, R.L.3    King, C.M.4    Low, M.J.5
  • 87
    • 84883954825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Physiology of the gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neuronal network," in Knobil and Neil's Physiology of Reproduction, 3rd Edn, ed. J. D. Neill (St. Louis
    • Herbison, A. (2006). "Physiology of the gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone neuronal network," in Knobil and Neil's Physiology of Reproduction, 3rd Edn, ed. J. D. Neill (St. Louis, MO: Raven Press), 1415-1482.
    • (2006) MO: Raven Press) , pp. 1415-1482
    • Herbison, A.1
  • 91
    • 0028959656 scopus 로고
    • The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
    • Ikeda, Y., Luo, X., Abbud, R., Nilson, J. H., and Parker, K. L. (1995). The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 478-486.
    • (1995) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.9 , pp. 478-486
    • Ikeda, Y.1    Luo, X.2    Abbud, R.3    Nilson, J.H.4    Parker, K.L.5
  • 92
    • 0027519963 scopus 로고
    • Mandatory neuropeptide-steroid signaling for the preovulatory luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone discharge
    • Kalra, S. P. (1993). Mandatory neuropeptide-steroid signaling for the preovulatory luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone discharge. Endocr. Rev. 14, 507-538.
    • (1993) Endocr. Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 507-538
    • Kalra, S.P.1
  • 93
    • 0030272305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional infertility: the role of the interconnected hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-galanin-opioid net-work
    • Kalra, S. P., and Kalra, P. S. (1996). Nutritional infertility: the role of the interconnected hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-galanin-opioid net-work. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 17, 371-401.
    • (1996) Front. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.17 , pp. 371-401
    • Kalra, S.P.1    Kalra, P.S.2
  • 94
    • 0023913419 scopus 로고
    • Naloxone stimulation of in vivo LHRH release is not dimin-ished following ovariectomy
    • Karahalios, D. G., and Levine, J. E. (1988). Naloxone stimulation of in vivo LHRH release is not dimin-ished following ovariectomy. Neu-roendocrinology 47, 504-510.
    • (1988) Neu-roendocrinology , vol.47 , pp. 504-510
    • Karahalios, D.G.1    Levine, J.E.2
  • 95
    • 25144497089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AAV-mediated leptin receptor installation improves energy balance and the reproductive status of obese female Koletsky rats
    • Keen-Rhinehart, E., Kalra, S. P., and Kalra, P. S. (2005). AAV-mediated leptin receptor installation improves energy balance and the reproductive status of obese female Koletsky rats. Peptides 26, 2567-2578.
    • (2005) Peptides , vol.26 , pp. 2567-2578
    • Keen-Rhinehart, E.1    Kalra, S.P.2    Kalra, P.S.3
  • 96
    • 77954824974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS-specific ablation of steroidogenic factor 1 results in impaired female reproduc-tive function
    • Kim, K. W., Li, S., Zhao, H., Peng, B., Tobet,S.A.,Elmquist,J. K.,Parker,K. L.,and Zhao,L. (2010). CNS-specific ablation of steroidogenic factor 1 results in impaired female reproduc-tive function. Mol. Endocrinol. 24, 1240-1250.
    • (2010) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.24 , pp. 1240-1250
    • Kim, K.W.1    Li, S.2    Zhao, H.3    Peng, B.4    Tobet, S.A.5    Elmquist, J.K.6    Parker, K.L.7    Zhao, L.8
  • 97
    • 79960617185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroidogenic factor 1 directs programs regulating diet-induced thermogenesis and leptin action in the ventral medial hypo-thalamic nucleus
    • Kim, K. W., Zhao, L., Donato, J. Jr., Kohno, D., Xu, Y., Elias, C. F., Lee, C., Parker, K. L., and Elmquist, J. K. (2011). Steroidogenic factor 1 directs programs regulating diet-induced thermogenesis and leptin action in the ventral medial hypo-thalamic nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 10673-10678.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.108 , pp. 10673-10678
    • Kim, K.W.1    Zhao, L.2    Donato Jr., J.3    Kohno, D.4    Xu, Y.5    Elias, C.F.6    Lee, C.7    Parker, K.L.8    Elmquist, J.K.9
  • 98
    • 0020069199 scopus 로고
    • Suppressive effect of dynorphin-(1-13) on luteinizing hormone release in conscious castrated rats
    • Kinoshita, F., Nakai, Y., Katakami, H., and Imura, H. (1982). Suppressive effect of dynorphin-(1-13) on luteinizing hormone release in conscious castrated rats. Life Sci. 30, 1915-1919.
    • (1982) Life Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1915-1919
    • Kinoshita, F.1    Nakai, Y.2    Katakami, H.3    Imura, H.4
  • 99
    • 0033608241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A significant role of leptin in the gen-eration of steroid-induced luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin surges in female rats
    • Kohsaka, A., Watanobe, H., Kakizaki, Y., Habu, S., and Suda, T. (1999). A significant role of leptin in the gen-eration of steroid-induced luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin surges in female rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 254, 578-581.
    • (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.254 , pp. 578-581
    • Kohsaka, A.1    Watanobe, H.2    Kakizaki, Y.3    Habu, S.4    Suda, T.5
  • 102
    • 0036953626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of centrally administered insulin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and luteinizing hormone surge in the diabetic female rat
    • Kovacs, P., Parlow, A. F., and Karka-nias, G. B. (2002). Effect of centrally administered insulin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and luteinizing hormone surge in the diabetic female rat. Neuroendocrinology 76, 357-365.
    • (2002) Neuroendocrinology , vol.76 , pp. 357-365
    • Kovacs, P.1    Parlow, A.F.2    Karka-nias, G.B.3
  • 103
    • 0035145908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic complementation of leptin-receptor deficiency, I. Rescue of the obesity/diabetes phenotype of LEPR-null mice expressing a LEPR-B transgene
    • Kowalski, T. J., Liu, S. M., Leibel, R. L., and Chua, S. C. Jr. (2001). Transgenic complementation of leptin-receptor deficiency. I. Rescue of the obesity/diabetes phenotype of LEPR-null mice expressing a LEPR-B transgene. Diabetes 50, 425-435.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 425-435
    • Kowalski, T.J.1    Liu, S.M.2    Leibel, R.L.3    Chua Jr., S.C.4
  • 104
    • 22644439726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphologic evidence that neu-rokinin B modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion via neurokinin 3 receptors in the rat median eminence
    • Krajewski, S. J., Anderson, M. J., Iles-Shih, L., Chen, K. J., Urbanski, H. F., and Rance, N. E. (2005). Morphologic evidence that neu-rokinin B modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion via neurokinin 3 receptors in the rat median eminence. J. Comp. Neurol. 489, 372-386.
    • (2005) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.489 , pp. 372-386
    • Krajewski, S.J.1    Anderson, M.J.2    Iles-Shih, L.3    Chen, K.J.4    Urbanski, H.F.5    Rance, N.E.6
  • 105
    • 77951887582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forebrain projections of arcuate neurokinin B neurons demonstrated by anterograde tract-tracing and monosodium glutamate lesions in the rat
    • Krajewski, S. J., Burke, M. C., Anderson, M. J., McMullen, N. T., and Rance, N. E. (2010). Forebrain projections of arcuate neurokinin B neurons demonstrated by anterograde tract-tracing and monosodium glutamate lesions in the rat. Neuroscience 166, 680-697.
    • (2010) Neuroscience , vol.166 , pp. 680-697
    • Krajewski, S.J.1    Burke, M.C.2    Anderson, M.J.3    McMullen, N.T.4    Rance, N.E.5
  • 106
    • 0037088926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic burst-ing activity and response to exci-tatory amino acids in acutely dissociated gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons genetically tar-geted with green fluorescent protein
    • Kuehl-Kovarik, M. C., Pouliot, W. A., Halterman, G. L., Handa, R. J., Dudek, F. E., and Partin, K. M. (2002). Episodic burst-ing activity and response to exci-tatory amino acids in acutely dissociated gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons genetically tar-geted with green fluorescent protein. J. Neurosci. 22, 2313-2322.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 2313-2322
    • Kuehl-Kovarik, M.C.1    Pouliot, W.A.2    Halterman, G.L.3    Handa, R.J.4    Dudek, F.E.5    Partin, K.M.6
  • 107
    • 0029001617 scopus 로고
    • Electrical and synaptic properties of embryonic luteinizing hormone-releasing hor-mone neurons in explant cultures
    • Kusano, K., Fueshko, S., Gainer, H., and Wray, S. (1995). Electrical and synaptic properties of embryonic luteinizing hormone-releasing hor-mone neurons in explant cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 3918-3922.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.92 , pp. 3918-3922
    • Kusano, K.1    Fueshko, S.2    Gainer, H.3    Wray, S.4
  • 108
    • 0028985842 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol-17 beta and mu-opioid peptides rapidly hyperpolarize GnRH neu-rons: a cellular mechanism of neg-ative feedback?
    • Lagrange, A. H., Rønnekleiv, O. K., and Kelly, M. J. (1995). Estradiol-17 beta and mu-opioid peptides rapidly hyperpolarize GnRH neu-rons: a cellular mechanism of neg-ative feedback? Endocrinology 136, 2341-2344.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 2341-2344
    • Lagrange, A.H.1    Rønnekleiv, O.K.2    Kelly, M.J.3
  • 109
    • 0021840443 scopus 로고
    • Effects of endogenous opioid pep-tides and opiates on luteinizing hormone and prolactin secretion in ovariectomized rats
    • Leadem, C. A., and Kalra, S. P. (1985a). Effects of endogenous opioid pep-tides and opiates on luteinizing hormone and prolactin secretion in ovariectomized rats. Neuroen-docrinology 41, 342-352.
    • (1985) Neuroen-docrinology , vol.41 , pp. 342-352
    • Leadem, C.A.1    Kalra, S.P.2
  • 110
    • 0022274029 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of beta-endorphin-induced blockade of ovulation and luteinizing hormone surge with prostaglandin E2
    • Leadem, C. A., and Kalra, S. P. (1985b). Reversal of beta-endorphin-induced blockade of ovulation and luteinizing hormone surge with prostaglandin E2. Endocrinology 117, 684-689.
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.117 , pp. 684-689
    • Leadem, C.A.1    Kalra, S.P.2
  • 111
    • 0023104190 scopus 로고
    • Effects of specific activa-tion of mu-, delta-and kappa-opioid receptors on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the ovariectomized rat
    • Leadem, C. A., and Yagenova, S. V. (1987). Effects of specific activa-tion of mu-, delta-and kappa-opioid receptors on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the ovariectomized rat. Neuroen-docrinology 45, 109-117.
    • (1987) Neuroen-docrinology , vol.45 , pp. 109-117
    • Leadem, C.A.1    Yagenova, S.V.2
  • 112
    • 77954895859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minireview: kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the arcuate nucleus: a central node in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion
    • Lehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., and Goodman, R. L. (2010). Minireview: kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the arcuate nucleus: a central node in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Endocrinology 151, 3479-3489.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 3479-3489
    • Lehman, M.N.1    Coolen, L.M.2    Goodman, R.L.3
  • 113
    • 0027165803 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in the sheep brain
    • Lehman, M. N., Ebling, F. J., Moen-ter, S. M., and Karsch, F. J. (1993). Distribution of estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cells in the sheep brain. Endocrinology 133, 876-886.
    • (1993) Endocrinology , vol.133 , pp. 876-886
    • Lehman, M.N.1    Ebling, F.J.2    Moen-ter, S.M.3    Karsch, F.J.4
  • 114
    • 0023891032 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical evidence for synaptic connections between pro-opiomelanocortin-immunoreactive axons and Lh-Rh neurons in the preoptic area of the rat
    • Leranth, C., MacLusky, N. J., Shanabrough, M., and Naftolin, F. (1988). Immunohistochemical evidence for synaptic connections between pro-opiomelanocortin-immunoreactive axons and Lh-Rh neurons in the preoptic area of the rat. Brain Res. 449, 167-176.
    • (1988) Brain Res , vol.449 , pp. 167-176
    • Leranth, C.1    MacLusky, N.J.2    Shanabrough, M.3    Naftolin, F.4
  • 116
    • 79956308808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mapping of the neural pathways linking leptin to the neuroendocrine repro-ductive axis
    • Louis, G. W., Greenwald-Yarnell, M., Phillips, R., Coolen, L. M., Lehman, M. N., and Myers, M. G. (2011). Molecular mapping of the neural pathways linking leptin to the neuroendocrine repro-ductive axis. Endocrinology 152, 2302-2310.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 2302-2310
    • Louis, G.W.1    Greenwald-Yarnell, M.2    Phillips, R.3    Coolen, L.M.4    Lehman, M.N.5    Myers, M.G.6
  • 117
    • 0023868717 scopus 로고
    • Opioidergic modulation of the oestradiol-induced LH surge in the rat: roles of ovarian steroids
    • Lustig, R. H., Pfaff, D. W., and Fishman, J. (1988). Opioidergic modulation of the oestradiol-induced LH surge in the rat: roles of ovarian steroids. J. Endocrinol. 116, 55-69.
    • (1988) J. Endocrinol. , vol.116 , pp. 55-69
    • Lustig, R.H.1    Pfaff, D.W.2    Fishman, J.3
  • 120
    • 0031170877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone receptor function from a behav-ioral perspective
    • Mani, S. K., Blaustein, J. D., and O'Malley,B.W. (1997). Progesterone receptor function from a behav-ioral perspective. Horm. Behav. 31, 244-255.
    • (1997) Horm. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 244-255
    • Mani, S.K.1    Blaustein, J.D.2    O'Malley, B.W.3
  • 121
    • 0025189883 scopus 로고
    • A decrease in opioid tone amplifies the luteinizing hormone surge in E2-treated ovariectomized rats: comparisons with proges-terone effects
    • Masotto, C., Sahu, A., Dube, M. G., and Kalra, S. P. (1990). A decrease in opioid tone amplifies the luteinizing hormone surge in E2-treated ovariectomized rats: comparisons with proges-terone effects. Endocrinology 126, 18-25.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.126 , pp. 18-25
    • Masotto, C.1    Sahu, A.2    Dube, M.G.3    Kalra, S.P.4
  • 123
    • 0019511786 scopus 로고
    • Steroid receptor levels in intact and ovariectomized E2-treated rats: an examination of quantitative, tem-poral and endocrine factors influ-encing the efficacy of an estra-diol stimulus
    • McGinnis, M. Y., Krey, L. C., MacLusky, N. J., and McEwen, B. S. (1981). Steroid receptor levels in intact and ovariectomized E2-treated rats: an examination of quantitative, tem-poral and endocrine factors influ-encing the efficacy of an estra-diol stimulus. Neuroendocrinology 33, 158-165.
    • (1981) Neuroendocrinology , vol.33 , pp. 158-165
    • McGinnis, M.Y.1    Krey, L.C.2    MacLusky, N.J.3    McEwen, B.S.4
  • 124
    • 2342584831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the mouse cen-tral nervous system: in vivo autora-diographic and immunocytochem-ical analyses
    • Merchenthaler, I., Lane, M. V., Numan, S., and Dellovade, T. L. (2004). Distribution of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the mouse cen-tral nervous system: in vivo autora-diographic and immunocytochem-ical analyses. J. Comp. Neurol. 473, 270-291
    • (2004) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.473 , pp. 270-291
    • Merchenthaler, I.1    Lane, M.V.2    Numan, S.3    Dellovade, T.L.4
  • 126
    • 0029026771 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and long-term ovariectomy on the E2-receptor containing subpopulations of beta-endorphin-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of female C57BL/6J mice
    • Miller, M. M., Tousignant, P., Yang, U., Pedvis, S., and Billiar, R. B. (1995). Effects of age and long-term ovariectomy on the E2-receptor containing subpopulations of beta-endorphin-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of female C57BL/6J mice. Neuroen-docrinology 61, 542-551.
    • (1995) Neuroen-docrinology , vol.61 , pp. 542-551
    • Miller, M.M.1    Tousignant, P.2    Yang, U.3    Pedvis, S.4    Billiar, R.B.5
  • 127
    • 0025002593 scopus 로고
    • The estradiol-induced surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the ewe
    • Moenter, S. M., Caraty, A., and Karsch, F. J. (1990). The estradiol-induced surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the ewe. Endocrinology 127, 1375-1384.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.127 , pp. 1375-1384
    • Moenter, S.M.1    Caraty, A.2    Karsch, F.J.3
  • 128
    • 27844478202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid can excite gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
    • Moenter, S. M., and DeFazio, R. A. (2005). Endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid can excite gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Endocrinology 146, 5374-5379.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 5374-5379
    • Moenter, S.M.1    DeFazio, R.A.2
  • 129
    • 73649118535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin increases gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glutamatergic transmission directly to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in an estradiol-dependent manner
    • Moenter, S. M., and Pielecka-Fortuna, J. (2010). Kisspeptin increases gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glutamatergic transmission directly to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in an estradiol-dependent manner. Endocrinology 151, 291-300.
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 291-300
    • Moenter, S.M.1    Pielecka-Fortuna, J.2
  • 130
    • 0032533295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of progestin receptors by estradiol in the forebrain of estrogen receptor-alpha gene-disrupted mice
    • Moffatt, C. A., Rissman, E. F., Shupnik, M. A., and Blaustein, J. D. (1998). Induction of progestin receptors by estradiol in the forebrain of estrogen receptor-alpha gene-disrupted mice. J. Neurosci. 18, 9556-9563.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 9556-9563
    • Moffatt, C.A.1    Rissman, E.F.2    Shupnik, M.A.3    Blaustein, J.D.4
  • 132
    • 0037733115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arcuate nucleus-specific leptin receptor gene therapy attenu-ates the obesity phenotype of Kolet-sky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats
    • Morton, G., Niswender, K. D., Rhodes, C. J., Myers, M. G. Jr., Blevins, J. E., Baskin, D. G., and Schwartz, M. W. (2003). Arcuate nucleus-specific leptin receptor gene therapy attenu-ates the obesity phenotype of Kolet-sky (fa(k)/fa(k)) rats. Endocrinology 144, 2016-2024.
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 2016-2024
    • Morton, G.1    Niswender, K.D.2    Rhodes, C.J.3    Myers Jr., M.G.4    Blevins, J.E.5    Baskin, D.G.6    Schwartz, M.W.7
  • 133
    • 30044447631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lep-tin regulates insulin sensitivity via phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signaling in mediobasal hypothala-mic neurons
    • Morton, G. J., Gelling, R. W., Niswender, K. D., Morrison, C. D., Rhodes, C. J., and Schwartz, M. W. (2005). Lep-tin regulates insulin sensitivity via phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signaling in mediobasal hypothala-mic neurons. Cell Metab. 2, 411-420.
    • (2005) Cell Metab , vol.2 , pp. 411-420
    • Morton, G.J.1    Gelling, R.W.2    Niswender, K.D.3    Morrison, C.D.4    Rhodes, C.J.5    Schwartz, M.W.6
  • 134
    • 0031051499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin treatment res-cues the sterility of genetically obese ob/ob males
    • Mounzih, K., Lu, R., and Chehab, F. F. (1997). Leptin treatment res-cues the sterility of genetically obese ob/ob males. Endocrinology 138, 1190-1193.
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , pp. 1190-1193
    • Mounzih, K.1    Lu, R.2    Chehab, F.F.3
  • 136
    • 0031813699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evi-dence for GnRH regulation by lep-tin: leptin administration prevents reduced pulsatile LH secretion dur-ing fasting
    • Nagatani, S., Guthikonda, P., Thomp-son, R. C., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K. I., and Foster, D. L. (1998). Evi-dence for GnRH regulation by lep-tin: leptin administration prevents reduced pulsatile LH secretion dur-ing fasting. Neuroendocrinology 67, 370-376.
    • (1998) Neuroendocrinology , vol.67 , pp. 370-376
    • Nagatani, S.1    Guthikonda, P.2    Thomp-son, R.C.3    Tsukamura, H.4    Maeda, K.I.5    Foster, D.L.6
  • 137
    • 0033679813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin regulates pulsatile luteiniz-ing hormone and growth hormone secretion in the sheep
    • Nagatani, S.,Zeng,Y.,Keisler,D. H., Fos-ter, D. L., and Jaffe, C. A. (2000). Leptin regulates pulsatile luteiniz-ing hormone and growth hormone secretion in the sheep. Endocrinology 141, 3965-3975.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 3965-3975
    • Nagatani, S.1    Zeng, Y.2    Keisler, D.H.3    Fos-ter, D.L.4    Jaffe, C.A.5
  • 138
    • 70349342734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by kisspeptin/dynorphin/neurokinin B neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse
    • Navarro, V. M., Gottsch, M. L., Chavkin, C., Okamura, H., Clifton, D. K., and Steiner, R. A. (2009). Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by kisspeptin/dynorphin/neurokinin B neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse. J. Neurosci. 29, 11859-11866.
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 11859-11866
    • Navarro, V.M.1    Gottsch, M.L.2    Chavkin, C.3    Okamura, H.4    Clifton, D.K.5    Steiner, R.A.6
  • 139
    • 79955949750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptins and the neu-roendocrine control of reproduc-tion
    • Navarro, V. M., and Tena-Sempere, M. (2011). Kisspeptins and the neu-roendocrine control of reproduc-tion. Front. Biosci. (Schol. Ed.) 3, 267-275.
    • (2011) Front. Biosci. (Schol. Ed. ) , vol.3 , pp. 267-275
    • Navarro, V.M.1    Tena-Sempere, M.2
  • 140
  • 141
    • 57849151120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological role of metastin/kisspeptin in regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in female rats
    • Ohkura, S., Uenoyama, Y., Yamada, S., Homma, T., Takase, K., Inoue, N., Maeda, K., and Tsukamura, H. (2009). Physiological role of metastin/kisspeptin in regulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in female rats. Peptides 30, 49-56.
    • (2009) Peptides , vol.30 , pp. 49-56
    • Ohkura, S.1    Uenoyama, Y.2    Yamada, S.3    Homma, T.4    Takase, K.5    Inoue, N.6    Maeda, K.7    Tsukamura, H.8
  • 144
    • 0041317787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of polymor-phisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene with body fat distrib-ution
    • Okura, T., Koda, M., Ando, F., Niino, N., Ohta, S., and Shimokata, H. (2003). Association of polymor-phisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene with body fat distrib-ution. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 27, 1020-1027.
    • (2003) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. , vol.27 , pp. 1020-1027
    • Okura, T.1    Koda, M.2    Ando, F.3    Niino, N.4    Ohta, S.5    Shimokata, H.6
  • 145
    • 0024560770 scopus 로고
    • Development of progesterone-facilitated lordosis in female guinea pigs: relationship to neural E2 and progestin receptors
    • Olster, D. H., and Blaustein, J. D. (1989). Development of progesterone-facilitated lordosis in female guinea pigs: relationship to neural E2 and progestin receptors. Brain Res. 484, 168-176.
    • (1989) Brain Res , vol.484 , pp. 168-176
    • Olster, D.H.1    Blaustein, J.D.2
  • 146
    • 0031910162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential distribution and regula-tion of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA within the female rat brain
    • Osterlund, M., Kuiper, G. G., Gustafs-son, J. A., and Hurd, Y. L. (1998). Differential distribution and regula-tion of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA within the female rat brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 54, 175-180.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Mol Brain Res. , vol.54 , pp. 175-180
    • Osterlund, M.1    Kuiper, G.G.2    Gustafs-son, J.A.3    Hurd, Y.L.4
  • 147
    • 0036892797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamater-gic signaling through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor directly acti-vates medial subpopulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hor-mone (LHRH) neurons, but does not appear to mediate the effects of estradiol on LHRH gene expression
    • Ottem, E. N., Godwin, J. G., and Petersen, S. L. (2002). Glutamater-gic signaling through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor directly acti-vates medial subpopulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hor-mone (LHRH) neurons, but does not appear to mediate the effects of estradiol on LHRH gene expression. Endocrinology 143, 4837-4845.
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 4837-4845
    • Ottem, E.N.1    Godwin, J.G.2    Petersen, S.L.3
  • 149
    • 41549121999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kisspeptin acts directly and indirectly to increase gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and its effects are modulated by estradiol
    • Pielecka-Fortuna, J., Chu, Z., and Moenter, S. M. (2008). Kisspeptin acts directly and indirectly to increase gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and its effects are modulated by estradiol. Endocrinology 149, 1979-1986.
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 1979-1986
    • Pielecka-Fortuna, J.1    Chu, Z.2    Moenter, S.M.3
  • 150
    • 32644477391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of delta opioid receptors on a subset of hypothal-amic gonadotropin releasing hor-mone (GnRH) neurons
    • Pimpinelli, F., Parenti, M., Guzzi, F., Piva, F., Hokfelt, T., and Maggi, R. (2006). Presence of delta opioid receptors on a subset of hypothal-amic gonadotropin releasing hor-mone (GnRH) neurons. Brain Res. 1070, 15-23.
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1070 , pp. 15-23
    • Pimpinelli, F.1    Parenti, M.2    Guzzi, F.3    Piva, F.4    Hokfelt, T.5    Maggi, R.6
  • 152
    • 50449101532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural interactions between kisspeptin and GnRH neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) as revealed by double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy
    • Ramaswamy, S., Guerriero, K. A., Gibbs, R. B., and Plant, T. M. (2008). Structural interactions between kisspeptin and GnRH neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) as revealed by double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Endocrinology 149, 4387-4395.
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 4387-4395
    • Ramaswamy, S.1    Guerriero, K.A.2    Gibbs, R.B.3    Plant, T.M.4
  • 153
    • 57849167037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Menopause and the human hypothalamus: evidence for the role of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of E2 neg-ative feedback
    • Rance, N. E. (2009). Menopause and the human hypothalamus: evidence for the role of kisspeptin/neurokinin B neurons in the regulation of E2 neg-ative feedback. Peptides 30, 111-122.
    • (2009) Peptides , vol.30 , pp. 111-122
    • Rance, N.E.1
  • 154
    • 0028069003 scopus 로고
    • Neurokinin-B gene-expression is increased in the arcuate nucleus of ovariectomized rats
    • Rance, N. E., and Bruce, T. R. (1994). Neurokinin-B gene-expression is increased in the arcuate nucleus of ovariectomized rats. Neuroen-docrinology 60, 337-345.
    • (1994) Neuroen-docrinology , vol.60 , pp. 337-345
    • Rance, N.E.1    Bruce, T.R.2
  • 155
    • 0025852281 scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophy and increased gene-expression of neurons containing neurokinin-B and substance-P messenger ribonucleic-acids in the hypothalami of post-menopausal women
    • Rance, N. E., and Young, W. S. (1991). Hypertrophy and increased gene-expression of neurons containing neurokinin-B and substance-P messenger ribonucleic-acids in the hypothalami of post-menopausal women. Endocrinology 128, 2239-2247.
    • (1991) Endocrinology , vol.128 , pp. 2239-2247
    • Rance, N.E.1    Young, W.S.2
  • 156
    • 21344454694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of thalamocortical relay cells
    • Rhodes, P. A., and Llinas, R. (2005). A model of thalamocortical relay cells. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 565, 765-781.
    • (2005) J. Physiol. (Lond. ) , vol.565 , pp. 765-781
    • Rhodes, P.A.1    Llinas, R.2
  • 157
    • 32644443502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic processing of excitatory synaptic input in hypo-thalamic gonadotropin releasing-hormone neurons
    • Roberts, C. B., Best, J. A., and Suter, K. J. (2006). Dendritic processing of excitatory synaptic input in hypo-thalamic gonadotropin releasing-hormone neurons. Endocrinology 147, 1545-1555.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 1545-1555
    • Roberts, C.B.1    Best, J.A.2    Suter, K.J.3
  • 158
    • 66449086930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced energy expenditure and increased inflammation are early events in the development of ovariectomy-induced obesity
    • Rogers, N. H., Perfield, J. W. II, Strissel, K. J., Obin, M. S., and Greenberg, A. S. (2009). Reduced energy expenditure and increased inflammation are early events in the development of ovariectomy-induced obesity. Endocrinology 150, 2161-2168.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 2161-2168
    • Rogers, N.H.1    Perfield, J.W.2    Strissel, K.J.3    Obin, M.S.4    Greenberg, A.S.5
  • 159
    • 0032582829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MU-opioid receptor-knockout mice: role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine mediated immune functions
    • Roy, S., Barke, R. A., and Loh, H. H. (1998). MU-opioid receptor-knockout mice: role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine mediated immune functions. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 61, 190-194.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Mol Brain Res. , vol.61 , pp. 190-194
    • Roy, S.1    Barke, R.A.2    Loh, H.H.3
  • 160
    • 0020824493 scopus 로고
    • Induction of estrous behavior in ovariectomized rats by sequential replacement of E2 and proges-terone to the ventromedial hypo-thalamus
    • Rubin, B. S., and Barfield, R. J. (1983a). Induction of estrous behavior in ovariectomized rats by sequential replacement of E2 and proges-terone to the ventromedial hypo-thalamus. Neuroendocrinology 37, 218-224.
    • (1983) Neuroendocrinology , vol.37 , pp. 218-224
    • Rubin, B.S.1    Barfield, R.J.2
  • 161
    • 0020636033 scopus 로고
    • Progesterone in the ven-tromedial hypothalamus facilitates estrous behavior in ovariectomized
    • Rubin, B. S., and Barfield, R. J. (1983b). Progesterone in the ven-tromedial hypothalamus facilitates estrous behavior in ovariectomized, E2-primed rats. Endocrinology 113, 797-804.
    • (1983) E2-primed rats. Endocrinology , vol.113 , pp. 797-804
    • Rubin, B.S.1    Barfield, R.J.2
  • 162
    • 0029880457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of opioid stress-induced analgesia in mice lack-ing beta-endorphin by site-directed mutagenesis
    • Rubinstein, M., Mogil, J. S., Japón, M., Chan,E. C.,Allen,R. G.,and Low,M. J. (1996). Absence of opioid stress-induced analgesia in mice lack-ing beta-endorphin by site-directed mutagenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 3995-4000.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.93 , pp. 3995-4000
    • Rubinstein, M.1    Mogil, J.S.2    Japón, M.3    Chan, E.C.4    Allen, R.G.5    Low, M.J.6
  • 163
    • 0026531950 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tachykinins on luteinizing-hormone release in female rats -potent inhibitory-action of neuropeptide-K
    • Sahu, A., and Kalra, S. P. (1992). Effects of tachykinins on luteinizing-hormone release in female rats -potent inhibitory-action of neuropeptide-K. Endocrinology 130, 1571-1577.
    • (1992) Endocrinology , vol.130 , pp. 1571-1577
    • Sahu, A.1    Kalra, S.P.2
  • 165
    • 0018941062 scopus 로고
    • Luteinizing hormone releasing factor in pituitary stalk plasma from long-term ovariectomized rats: effects of steroids
    • Sarkar, D. K., and Fink, G. (1980). Luteinizing hormone releasing factor in pituitary stalk plasma from long-term ovariectomized rats: effects of steroids. J. Endocrinol. 86, 511-524.
    • (1980) J. Endocrinol. , vol.86 , pp. 511-524
    • Sarkar, D.K.1    Fink, G.2
  • 166
    • 0015218538 scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone -one polypep-tide regulates secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
    • Schally, A. V., Arimura, A., Kastin, A. J., Matsuo, H., Baba, Y., Redding, T. W., Nair, R. M., Debeljuk, L., and White, W. F. (1971). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone -one polypep-tide regulates secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Science 173, 1036-1038.
    • (1971) Science , vol.173 , pp. 1036-1038
    • Schally, A.V.1    Arimura, A.2    Kastin, A.J.3    Matsuo, H.4    Baba, Y.5    Redding, T.W.6    Nair, R.M.7    Debeljuk, L.8    White, W.F.9
  • 167
    • 0035953163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related peptide prevents steroid-induced luteinizing hor-mone and prolactin surges in female rats
    • Schioth, H. B., Kakizaki, Y., Kohsaka, A., Suda, T., and Watanobe, H. (2001). Agouti-related peptide prevents steroid-induced luteinizing hor-mone and prolactin surges in female rats. Neuroreport 12, 687-690.
    • (2001) Neuroreport , vol.12 , pp. 687-690
    • Schioth, H.B.1    Kakizaki, Y.2    Kohsaka, A.3    Suda, T.4    Watanobe, H.5
  • 169
    • 33751175424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-specific densities of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus and dorsal vagal motor nucleus weanling rats
    • Schlenker, E. H., and Hansen, S. N. (2006). Sex-specific densities of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus and dorsal vagal motor nucleus weanling rats. Brain Res. 1123, 89-100.
    • (2006) Brain Res , vol.1123 , pp. 89-100
    • Schlenker, E.H.1    Hansen, S.N.2
  • 170
    • 0034976485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aromatization medi-ates testosterone's short-term feed-back restraint of 24-hour endoge-nously driven and acute exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secre-tion in young men
    • Schnorr, J. A., Bray, M. J., and Veldhuis, J. D. (2001). Aromatization medi-ates testosterone's short-term feed-back restraint of 24-hour endoge-nously driven and acute exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secre-tion in young men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86, 2600-2606.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 2600-2606
    • Schnorr, J.A.1    Bray, M.J.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3
  • 173
    • 0018824937 scopus 로고
    • Role of the preoptic brain in the regulation of preovulatory gonadotropin surges in the hamster. Exp
    • Shander, D., and Barraclough, C. A. (1980). Role of the preoptic brain in the regulation of preovulatory gonadotropin surges in the hamster. Exp. Brain Res. 40, 123-130.
    • (1980) Brain Res , vol.40 , pp. 123-130
    • Shander, D.1    Barraclough, C.A.2
  • 175
    • 0030008847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dendritic spine: a multifunctional integrative unit
    • Shepherd, G. M. (1996). The dendritic spine: a multifunctional integrative unit. J. Neurophysiol. 75, 2197-2210.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 2197-2210
    • Shepherd, G.M.1
  • 176
    • 0020580616 scopus 로고
    • Absence of oestradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurones
    • Shivers, B. D., Harlan, R. E., Morrell, J. I., and Pfaff, D. W. (1983). Absence of oestradiol concentration in cell nuclei of LHRH-immunoreactive neurones. Nature 304, 345-347.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 345-347
    • Shivers, B.D.1    Harlan, R.E.2    Morrell, J.I.3    Pfaff, D.W.4
  • 177
    • 0030031208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotropin gene modulation by steroids and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
    • Shupnik, M. A. (1996). Gonadotropin gene modulation by steroids and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Biol. Reprod. 54, 279-286.
    • (1996) Biol. Reprod. , vol.54 , pp. 279-286
    • Shupnik, M.A.1
  • 178
    • 0023949309 scopus 로고
    • E2 suppresses rat gonadotropin gene transcrip-tion in vivo
    • Shupnik, M. A., Gharib, S. D., and Chin, W. W. (1988). E2 suppresses rat gonadotropin gene transcrip-tion in vivo. Endocrinology 122, 1842-1846.
    • (1988) Endocrinology , vol.122 , pp. 1842-1846
    • Shupnik, M.A.1    Gharib, S.D.2    Chin, W.W.3
  • 179
    • 0033783437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late postnatal reorganization of GABA(A) receptor signalling in native GnRH neurons
    • Sim, J. A., Skynner, M. J., Pape, J. R., and Herbison, A. E. (2000). Late postnatal reorganization of GABA(A) receptor signalling in native GnRH neurons. Eur. J. Neu-rosci. 12, 3497-3504.
    • (2000) Eur. J. Neu-rosci. , vol.12 , pp. 3497-3504
    • Sim, J.A.1    Skynner, M.J.2    Pape, J.R.3    Herbison, A.E.4
  • 180
    • 0035109664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing, spatially restricted roles of ionotropic glutamate recep-tors in regulating the migration of gnrh neurons during embryogene-sis
    • Simonian, S. X., and Herbison, A. E. (2001). Differing, spatially restricted roles of ionotropic glutamate recep-tors in regulating the migration of gnrh neurons during embryogene-sis. J. Neurosci. 21, 934-943.
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 934-943
    • Simonian, S.X.1    Herbison, A.E.2
  • 181
    • 0033598168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifica-tion and characterization of estro-gen receptor alpha-containing neu-rons projecting to the vicinity of the gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone perikarya in the rostral pre-optic area of the rat
    • Simonian, S. X., Spratt, D. P., and Herbison, A. E. (1999). Identifica-tion and characterization of estro-gen receptor alpha-containing neu-rons projecting to the vicinity of the gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone perikarya in the rostral pre-optic area of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 411, 346-358.
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.411 , pp. 346-358
    • Simonian, S.X.1    Spratt, D.P.2    Herbison, A.E.3
  • 182
    • 0032481350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrup-tion of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain,impairs phar-macological actions of the selec-tive kappa-agonist U-50, 488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal
    • Simonin, F., Valverde, O., Smadja, C., Slowe, S., Kitchen, I., Dierich, A., Le Meur, M., Roques, B. P., Maldonado, R., and Kieffer, B. L. (1998). Disrup-tion of the kappa-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain,impairs phar-macological actions of the selec-tive kappa-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal. EMBO J. 17, 886-897.
    • (1998) EMBO J. , vol.17 , pp. 886-897
    • Simonin, F.1    Valverde, O.2    Smadja, C.3    Slowe, S.4    Kitchen, I.5    Dierich, A.6    Le Meur, M.7    Roques, B.P.8    Maldonado, R.9    Kieffer, B.L.10
  • 183
    • 33947181480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of orphanin FQ/nociceptin in the medial preoptic nucleus and ventro-medial nucleus of the hypothalamus facilitates lordosis
    • Sinchak, K., Dewing, P., Cook, M., and Micevych, P. (2007). Release of orphanin FQ/nociceptin in the medial preoptic nucleus and ventro-medial nucleus of the hypothalamus facilitates lordosis. Horm. Behav. 51, 406-412.
    • (2007) Horm. Behav. , vol.51 , pp. 406-412
    • Sinchak, K.1    Dewing, P.2    Cook, M.3    Micevych, P.4
  • 184
    • 69849100015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired E2 feedback and infertil-ity in female mice with pituitary-specific deletion of estrogen recep-tor alpha (ESR1)
    • Singh, S. P., Wolfe, A., Ng, Y., DiVall, S. A., Buggs, C., Levine, J. E., Wondis-ford, F. E., and Radovick, S. (2009). Impaired E2 feedback and infertil-ity in female mice with pituitary-specific deletion of estrogen recep-tor alpha (ESR1). Biol. Reprod. 81, 488-496.
    • (2009) Biol. Reprod , vol.81 , pp. 488-496
    • Singh, S.P.1    Wolfe, A.2    Ng, Y.3    DiVall, S.A.4    Buggs, C.5    Levine, J.E.6    Wondis-ford, F.E.7    Radovick, S.8
  • 185
    • 33644659203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KiSS-1 neurones are direct targets for leptin in the ob/ob mouse
    • Smith, J. T., Acohido, B. V., Clifton, D. K., and Steiner, R. A. (2006). KiSS-1 neurones are direct targets for leptin in the ob/ob mouse. J. Neuroendocrinol. 18, 298-303.
    • (2006) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.18 , pp. 298-303
    • Smith, J.T.1    Acohido, B.V.2    Clifton, D.K.3    Steiner, R.A.4
  • 187
  • 188
    • 0033756376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview on the structure, compo-sition, function, development, and plasticity of hippocampal dendritic spines
    • Sorra, K. E., and Harris, K. M. (2000). Overview on the structure, compo-sition, function, development, and plasticity of hippocampal dendritic spines. Hippocampus 10, 501-511.
    • (2000) Hippocampus , vol.10 , pp. 501-511
    • Sorra, K.E.1    Harris, K.M.2
  • 189
    • 0033559431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA-and glutamate-activated channels in green fluorescent protein-tagged gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in transgenic mice
    • Spergel, D. J., Krüth, U., Hanley, D. F., Sprengel, R., and See-burg, P. H. (1999). GABA-and glutamate-activated channels in green fluorescent protein-tagged gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in transgenic mice. J. Neurosci. 19, 2037-2050.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 2037-2050
    • Spergel, D.J.1    Krüth, U.2    Hanley, D.F.3    Sprengel, R.4    See-burg, P.H.5
  • 190
    • 0036936266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a transgenic green fluorescent protein lineage marker for steroidogenic fac-tor 1
    • Stallings, N. R., Hanley, N. A., Majdic, G., Zhao, L., Bakke, M., and Parker, K. L. (2002). Development of a transgenic green fluorescent protein lineage marker for steroidogenic fac-tor 1. Endocr. Res. 28, 497-504.
    • (2002) Endocr. Res. , vol.28 , pp. 497-504
    • Stallings, N.R.1    Hanley, N.A.2    Majdic, G.3    Zhao, L.4    Bakke, M.5    Parker, K.L.6
  • 191
    • 0023838623 scopus 로고
    • Infundibular gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons are inhibited by direct opioid and autoregulatory synapses in juvenile monkeys
    • Thind, K. K., and Goldsmith, P. C. (1988). Infundibular gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons are inhibited by direct opioid and autoregulatory synapses in juvenile monkeys. Neuroendocrinology 47, 203-216.
    • (1988) Neuroendocrinology , vol.47 , pp. 203-216
    • Thind, K.K.1    Goldsmith, P.C.2
  • 195
    • 0023483146 scopus 로고
    • Estradiol modulates the pul-satile secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man
    • Veldhuis, J. D., and Dufau, M. L. (1987). Estradiol modulates the pul-satile secretion of biologically active luteinizing hormone in man. J. Clin. Invest. 80, 631-638.
    • (1987) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.80 , pp. 631-638
    • Veldhuis, J.D.1    Dufau, M.L.2
  • 196
    • 0033561832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuro-chemical characterization of hypo-thalamic cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons
    • Vrang, N., Larsen, P. J., Clausen, J. T., and Kristensen, P. (1999). Neuro-chemical characterization of hypo-thalamic cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons. J. Neu-rosci. 19, RC5.
    • (1999) J. Neu-rosci. , vol.19
    • Vrang, N.1    Larsen, P.J.2    Clausen, J.T.3    Kristensen, P.4
  • 197
    • 0022383485 scopus 로고
    • Gonadal influences on adiposity
    • Wade, G. N., Gray, J. M., and Bartness, T. J. (1985). Gonadal influences on adiposity. Int. J. Obes. 9(Suppl. 1), 83-92.
    • (1985) Int. J. Obes. , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 83-92
    • Wade, G.N.1    Gray, J.M.2    Bartness, T.J.3
  • 198
    • 77649123886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurokinin B and dynorphin A in kisspeptin neu-rons of the arcuate nucleus partici-pate in generation of periodic oscil-lation of neural activity driving pul-satile gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone secretion in the goat
    • Wakabayashi,Y., Nakada, T., Murata, K., Ohkura, S., Mogi, K., Navarro,V. M., Clifton, D. K., Mori, Y., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K., Steiner, R. A., and Okamura, H. (2010). Neurokinin B and dynorphin A in kisspeptin neu-rons of the arcuate nucleus partici-pate in generation of periodic oscil-lation of neural activity driving pul-satile gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone secretion in the goat. J. Neu-rosci. 30, 3124-3132.
    • (2010) J. Neu-rosci , vol.30 , pp. 3124-3132
    • Wakabayashi, Y.1    Nakada, T.2    Murata, K.3    Ohkura, S.4    Mogi, K.5    Navarro, V.M.6    Clifton, D.K.7    Mori, Y.8    Tsukamura, H.9    Maeda, K.10    Steiner, R.A.11    Okamura, H.12
  • 199
    • 0034843320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex hormones and the selective estrogen receptor mod-ulator tamoxifen modulate weekly body weights and food intakes in adolescent and adult rats
    • Wallen, W. J., Belanger, M. P., and Wit-tnich, C. (2001). Sex hormones and the selective estrogen receptor mod-ulator tamoxifen modulate weekly body weights and food intakes in adolescent and adult rats. J. Nutr. 131, 2351-2357.
    • (2001) J. Nutr. , vol.131 , pp. 2351-2357
    • Wallen, W.J.1    Belanger, M.P.2    Wit-tnich, C.3
  • 200
    • 79955938111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothala-mic proopiomelanocortin process-ing and the regulation of energy balance
    • Wardlaw, S. L. (2011). Hypothala-mic proopiomelanocortin process-ing and the regulation of energy balance. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 660, 213-219.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.660 , pp. 213-219
    • Wardlaw, S.L.1
  • 201
    • 0025318842 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between beta-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in the primate
    • Wardlaw, S. L., and Ferin, M. (1990). Interaction between beta-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion in the primate. Endocrinology 126, 2035-2040.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.126 , pp. 2035-2040
    • Wardlaw, S.L.1    Ferin, M.2
  • 202
    • 0345120956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melanocortin 4 receptor medi-ates leptin stimulation of luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin surges in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats
    • Watanobe, H., Schiöth, H. B., Wik-berg, J. E., and Suda, T. (1999). The melanocortin 4 receptor medi-ates leptin stimulation of luteiniz-ing hormone and prolactin surges in steroid-primed ovariectomized rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 257, 860-864.
    • (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.257 , pp. 860-864
    • Watanobe, H.1    Schiöth, H.B.2    Wik-berg, J.E.3    Suda, T.4
  • 204
    • 0018880920 scopus 로고
    • Effects of discrete lesions of preoptic and suprachiasmatic structures in the female rat. Alterations in the feed-back regulation of gonadotropin secretion
    • Wiegand, S., Terasawa, E., Bridson, W. E., and Goy, R. W. (1980). Effects of discrete lesions of preoptic and suprachiasmatic structures in the female rat. Alterations in the feed-back regulation of gonadotropin secretion. Neuroendocrinology 31, 147-157.
    • (1980) Neuroendocrinology , pp. 31-147
    • Wiegand, S.1    Terasawa, E.2    Bridson, W.E.3    Goy, R.W.4
  • 205
    • 0021997309 scopus 로고
    • Possible delta receptor mediation of the effect of beta-endorphin on luteinizing hormone (LH) release, but not on prolactin (PRL) release, in the ovariec-tomized rat
    • Wiesner, J. B., Koenig, J. I., Krulich, L., and Moss, R. L. (1985). Possible delta receptor mediation of the effect of beta-endorphin on luteinizing hormone (LH) release, but not on prolactin (PRL) release, in the ovariec-tomized rat. Endocrinology 116, 475-477.
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.116 , pp. 475-477
    • Wiesner, J.B.1    Koenig, J.I.2    Krulich, L.3    Moss, R.L.4
  • 207
    • 0029091216 scopus 로고
    • Novelassociations among gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
    • Witkin, J. W., O'Sullivan, H., and Silver-man, A. J. (1995). Novelassociations among gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. Endocrinology 136, 4323-4330.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4323-4330
    • Witkin, J.W.1    O'Sullivan, H.2    Silver-man, A.J.3
  • 208
    • 0021797722 scopus 로고
    • Synaptology of luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in rat preoptic area
    • Witkin, J. W., and Silverman, A. J. (1985). Synaptology of luteiniz-ing hormone-releasing hormone neurons in rat preoptic area. Peptides 6, 263-271.
    • (1985) Peptides , vol.6 , pp. 263-271
    • Witkin, J.W.1    Silverman, A.J.2
  • 209
    • 0018621289 scopus 로고
    • Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons
    • Woods, S. C., Lotter, E. C., McKay, L. D., and Porte, D. Jr. (1979). Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons. Nature 282, 503-505.
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , pp. 503-505
    • Woods, S.C.1    Lotter, E.C.2    McKay, L.D.3    Porte Jr., D.4
  • 210
    • 70350127131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanin-concentrating hormone directly inhibits GnRH neurons and blocks kisspeptin activation, linking energy balance to reproduction
    • Wu, M., Dumalska, I., Morozova, E., van den Pol, A., and Alreja, M. (2009). Melanin-concentrating hormone directly inhibits GnRH neurons and blocks kisspeptin activation, linking energy balance to reproduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 17217-17222.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.106 , pp. 17217-17222
    • Wu, M.1    Dumalska, I.2    Morozova, E.3    van den Pol, A.4    Alreja, M.5
  • 212
    • 0032863468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to periph-eral melanocortin
    • Yaswen, L., Diehl, N., Brennan, M. B., and Hochgeschwender, U. (1999). Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to periph-eral melanocortin. Nat. Med. 5, 1066-1070.
    • (1999) Nat. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Yaswen, L.1    Diehl, N.2    Brennan, M.B.3    Hochgeschwender, U.4
  • 213
    • 27744573039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory inputs to hypothalamic neurons controlling reproduction and fertility
    • Yoon, H., Enquist, L. W., and Dulac, C. (2005). Olfactory inputs to hypothalamic neurons controlling reproduction and fertility. Cell 123, 669-682.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , pp. 669-682
    • Yoon, H.1    Enquist, L.W.2    Dulac, C.3
  • 214
    • 0036312274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides on the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat
    • Zhang, Q., and Gallo, R. V. (2002). Effect of prodynorphin-derived opioid peptides on the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the proestrous rat. Endocrine 18, 27-32.
    • (2002) Endocrine , vol.18 , pp. 27-32
    • Zhang, Q.1    Gallo, R.V.2
  • 216
    • 0033198831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of supraspinal delta-like analgesia and loss of morphine tolerance in delta opioid receptor knockout mice
    • Zhu, Y., King, M. A., Schuller, A. G., Nitsche, J. F., Reidl, M., Elde, R. P., Unterwald, E., Pasternak, G. W., and Pintar, J. E. (1999). Retention of supraspinal delta-like analgesia and loss of morphine tolerance in delta opioid receptor knockout mice. Neuron 24, 243-252.
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.24 , pp. 243-252
    • Zhu, Y.1    King, M.A.2    Schuller, A.G.3    Nitsche, J.F.4    Reidl, M.5    Elde, R.P.6    Unterwald, E.7    Pasternak, G.W.8    Pintar, J.E.9
  • 217
    • 0033760590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unlike lep-tin, ciliary neurotrophic factor does not reverse the starvation-induced changes of serum corticosterone and hypothalamic neuropeptide levels but induces expression of hypothal-amic inhibitors of leptin signaling
    • Ziotopoulou, M., Erani, D. M., Hile-man, S. M., Bjørbaek, C., and Mant-zoros, C. S. (2000). Unlike lep-tin, ciliary neurotrophic factor does not reverse the starvation-induced changes of serum corticosterone and hypothalamic neuropeptide levels but induces expression of hypothal-amic inhibitors of leptin signaling. Diabetes 49, 1890-1896.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 1890-1896
    • Ziotopoulou, M.1    Erani, D.M.2    Hile-man, S.M.3    Bjørbaek, C.4    Mant-zoros, C.S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.