Antioxidant therapies for Alzheimer's disease

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Feng, Ye ^a   Wang, Xiaochuan ^a  

^a HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; EXTRACELLULAR; LESION FORMATION; MULTIPLE CELLS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; PRECLINICAL STUDIES; SENILE PLAQUES; THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY; TOXIC SUBSTANCES;

ENZYME ACTIVITY; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES;

DISEASE CONTROL;

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALZHEIMER DISEASE VACCINE; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BERBERINE; BETA CAROTENE; CAFFEINE; CURCUMIN; CYANOCOBALAMIN; DNA; ESTROGEN; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; GROENLANDICINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MELATONIN; MITOQ; NEUROTROPHIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PALMATINE; SELEGILINE; SELENIUM; SILIBININ; SZETO SCHILLER PEPTIDE; THIOCTIC ACID; UBIQUINONE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BLEEDING; COMA; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; ENDOCARDIAL HEMORRHAGE; HUMAN; LIPID OXIDATION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PROPHYLAXIS; PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION; REVIEW; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECT; LIPID PEROXIDATION; METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRION; PATHOLOGY;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; DNA; HUMANS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MITOCHONDRIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS;

EID: 84864934604     PISSN: 19420900     EISSN: 19420994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/472932     Document Type: Review

References (129)

1. Castellani R. J., Rolston R. K., Smith M. A., Alzheimer disease Disease-a-Month 2010 56 9 484 546
2. Kalaria R. N., Maestre G. E., Arizaga R., Friedland R. P., Galasko D., Hall K., Luchsinger J. A., Ogunniyi A., Perry E. K., Potocnik F., Prince M., Stewart R., Wimo A., Zhang Z. X., Antuono P., Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors The Lancet Neurology 2008 7 9 812 826
3. Wilquet V., Strooper B. D., Amyloid-beta precursor protein processing in neurodegeneration Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2004 14 5 582 588 (Pubitemid 39349619)
4. Roth M., Tomlinson B. E., Blessed G., Correlation between scores for dementia and counts of senile plaques in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects Nature 1966 209 5018 109 110
5. Roth M., Tomlinson B. E., Blessed G., The relationship between quantitative measures of dementia and of degenerative changes in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1967 60 3 254 260
6. Tomlinson B. E., Blessed G., Roth M., Observations on the brains of demented old people Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1970 11 3 205 242
7. Brooks W. S., Kwok J. B. J., Kril J. J., Broe G. A., Blumbergs P. C., Tannenberg A. E., Lamont P. J., Hedges P., Schofield P. R., Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis and cotton wool plaques: two pedigrees with PS-1 exon 9 deletions Brain 2003 126 4 783 791 (Pubitemid 36372979)
8. Janssen J. C., Lantos P. L., Fox N. C., Harvey R. J., Beck J., Dickinson A., Campbell T. A., Collinge J., Hanger D. P., Cipolotti L., Stevens J. M., Rossor M. N., Autopsy-confirmed familial early-onset Alzheimer disease caused by the L153V presenilin 1 mutation Archives of Neurology 2001 58 6 953 958 (Pubitemid 32537470)
9. Mancuso M., Orsucci D., Siciliano G., Murri L., Mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA and Alzheimer's disease. What comes first? Current Alzheimer Research 2008 5 5 457 468
10. Dickson D. W., Crystal H. A., Mattiace L. A., Masur D. M., Blau A. D., Davies P., Yen S. H., Aronson M. K., Identification of normal and pathological aging in prospectively studied nondemented elderly humans Neurobiology of Aging 1992 13 1 179 189
11. Strittmatter W. J., Roses A. D., Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1995 92 11 4725 4727
12. Hebert L. E., Scherr P. A., Beckett L. A., Albert M. S., Pilgrim D. M., Chown M. J., Funkenstein H. H., Evans D. A., Age-specific incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population Journal of the American Medical Association 1995 273 17 1354 1359
13. Zhu C. W., Sano M., Economic considerations in the management of Alzheimer's disease Clinical Interventions in Aging 2006 1 2 143 154
14. Smith M. A., Richey Harris P. L., Sayre L. M., Beckman J. S., Perry G., Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neuroscience 1997 17 8 2653 2657 (Pubitemid 27154998)
15. Kalaria R. N., Microglia and Alzheimer's disease Current Opinion in Hematology 1999 6 1 15 24 (Pubitemid 29069007)
16. Braun J. S., Sublett J. E., Freyer D., Mitchell T. J., Cleveland J. L., Tuomanen E. I., Weber J. R., Pneumococcal pneumolysin and H 2 O 2 mediate brain cell apoptosis during meningitis Journal of Clinical Investigation 2002 109 1 19 27 (Pubitemid 34052538)
17. Hempen B., Brion J. P., Reduction of acetylated -tubulin immunoreactivity in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1996 55 9 964 972 (Pubitemid 126449410)
18. Walsh D. M., Selkoe D. J., A oligomersa decade of discovery Journal of Neurochemistry 2007 101 5 1172 1184
19. Castellani R. J., Lee H. G., Zhu X., Perry G., Smith M. A., Alzheimer disease pathology as a host response Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2008 67 6 523 531 (Pubitemid 351787079)
20. Brayne C., Richardson K., Matthews F. E., Fleming J., Hunter S., Xuereb J. H., Paykel E., Mukaetova-Ladinska E. B., Huppert F. A., O'Sullivan A., Dening T., Neuropathological correlates of dementia in over-80-year-old brain donors from the population-based Cambridge city over-75s cohort (CC75C) study Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2009 18 3 645 658
21. Nunomura A., Castellani R. J., Zhu X., Moreira P. I., Perry G., Smith M. A., Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2006 65 7 631 641 (Pubitemid 44297254)
22. Harman D., The aging process Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1981 78 11 7124 7128
23. Jung H. A., Min B. S., Yokozawa T., Lee J. H., Kim Y. S., Choi J. S., Anti-Alzheimer and antioxidant activities of coptidis rhizoma alkaloids Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2009 32 8 1433 1438
24. Yu B. P., Cellular defenses against damage from reactive oxygen species Physiological Reviews 1994 74 1 139 162 (Pubitemid 24045676)
25. Lovell M. A., Markesbery W. R., Oxidative DNA damage in mild cognitive impairment and late-stage Alzheimer's disease Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35 22 7497 7504
26. Pratico D., Clark C. M., Lee V. M., Trojanowski J. Q., Rokach J., Fitz-Gerald G. A., Increased 8,12-iso-iPF2 -VI in Alzheimers disease: correlation of a noninvasive index of lipid peroxidation with disease severity Annals of Neurology 2000 48 809 812
27. Thornalley P. J., Glutathione-dependent detoxification of -oxoaldehydes by the glyoxalase system: involvement in disease mechanisms and antiproliferative activity of glyoxalase I inhibitors Chemico-Biological Interactions 1998 111-112 137 151 (Pubitemid 28271940)
28. Donahue A. N., Aschner M., Lash L. H., Syversen T., Sonntag W. E., Growth hormone administration to aged animals reduces disulfide glutathione levels in hippocampus Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2006 127 1 57 63 (Pubitemid 41713514)
29. Zhu Y., Carvey P. M., Ling Z., Age-related changes in glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in rat brain Brain Research 2006 1090 1 35 44 (Pubitemid 43817938)
30. Mecocci P., MacGarvey U., Beal M. F., Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer's disease Annals of Neurology 1994 36 5 747 751 (Pubitemid 24337634)
31. Hensley K., Hall N., Subramaniam R., Cole P., Harris M., Aksenov M., Aksenova M., Gabbita S. P., Wu J. F., Carney J. M., Lovell M., Markesbery W. R., Butterfield D. A., Brain regional correspondence between Alzheimer's disease histopathology and biomarkers of protein oxidation Journal of Neurochemistry 1995 65 5 2146 2156
32. Ramassamy C., Krzywokowski P., Bastianetto S., Packer L., Christen Y., Apolipoprotein E, oxidative stress and EGb 761 in Alzheimers disease brain Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Study: Lesson from Cell Biology 1998 Paris, Farnce Elsevier 69 83
33. Yan S. D., Chen X., Schmidt A. M., Brett J., Godman G., Zou Y. S., Scott C. W., Caputo C., Frappier T., Smith M. A., Perry G., Yen S. H., Stern D., Glycated tau protein in Alzheimer disease: a mechanism for induction of oxidant stress Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 91 16 7787 7791 (Pubitemid 24238270)
34. Good P. F., Werner P., Hsu A., Olanow C. W., Perl D. P., Evidence for neuronal oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease American Journal of Pathology 1996 149 21 28 (Pubitemid 26230974)
35. Smith M. A., Perry G., Richey P. L., Sayre L. M., Anderson V. E., Beal M. F., Kowall N., Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's Nature 1996 382 6587 120 121
36. Pappolla M. A., Omar R. A., Kim K. S., Robakis N. K., Immunohistochemical evidence of antioxidant stress in Alzheimer's disease American Journal of Pathology 1992 140 3 621 628
37. Schipper H. M., Cissé S., Stopa E. G., Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the senescent and Alzheimer-diseased brain Annals of Neurology 1995 37 6 758 768
38. Markesbery W. R., Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1997 23 1 134 147 (Pubitemid 27217017)
39. Selley M. L., Close D. R., Stern S. E., The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease Neurobiology of Aging 2002 23 3 383 388 (Pubitemid 34312021)
40. Montine T. J., Markesbery W. R., Morrow J. D., Roberts L. J., Cerebrospinal fluid F2-isoprostane levels are increased in Alzheimer's disease Annals of Neurology 1998 44 3 410 413 (Pubitemid 28421451)
41. Busciglio J., Yankner B. A., Apoptosis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species in Down's syndrome neurons in vitro Nature 1995 378 6559 776 779 (Pubitemid 26004408)
42. Nunomura A., Perry G., Aliev G., Hirai K., Takeda A., Balraj E. K., Jones P. K., Ghanbari H., Wataya T., Shimohama S., Chiba S., Atwood C. S., Petersen R. B., Smith M. A., Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2001 60 8 759 767 (Pubitemid 32678256)
43. Harrington C. R., Colaco C. A. L. S., A glycation connection Nature 1994 370 6487 247 248 (Pubitemid 24250100)
44. Prabhakaram M., Ortwerth B. J., Determination of glycation crosslinking by the sugar-dependent incorporation of [ 14 C]lysine into protein Analytical Biochemistry 1994 216 2 305 312
45. Li Y. M., Dickson D. W., Enhanced binding of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) by the ApoE4 isoform links the mechanism of plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease Neuroscience Letters 1997 226 3 155 158 (Pubitemid 27201967)
46. Gonzlez C., Faras G., Maccioni R. B., Modification of tau to an Alzheimer's type protein interferes with its interaction with microtubules Cellular and Molecular Biology 1998 44 7 1117 1127
47. El Khoury J., Hickman S. E., Thomas C. A., Cao L., Silverstein S. C., Loike J. D., Scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion of microglia to -amyloid fibrils Nature 1996 382 6593 716 719 (Pubitemid 26282177)
48. Castellani R., Hirai K., Aliev G., Drew K. L., Nunomura A., Takeda A., Cash A. D., Obrenovich M. E., Perry G., Smith M. A., Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neuroscience Research 2002 70 3 357 360 (Pubitemid 35222373)
49. Cottrell D. A., Blakely E. L., Johnson M. A., Ince P. G., Turnbull D. M., Mitochondrial enzyme-deficient hippocampal neurons and choroidal cells in AD Neurology 2001 57 2 260 264 (Pubitemid 32667359)
50. Mutisya E. M., Bowling A. C., Beal M. F., Cortical cytochrome oxidase activity is reduced in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neurochemistry 1994 63 6 2179 2184 (Pubitemid 24369993)
51. Parker W. D., Parks J. K., Cytochrome c oxidase in Alzheimer's disease brain: purification and characterization Neurology 1995 45 3 482 486
52. Hirai K., Aliev G., Nunomura A., Fujioka H., Russell R. L., Atwood C. S., Johnson A. B., Kress Y., Vinters H. V., Tabaton M., Shimohama S., Cash A. D., Siedlak S. L., Harris P. L. R., Jones P. K., Petersen R. B., Perry G., Smith M. A., Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neuroscience 2001 21 9 3017 3023 (Pubitemid 32323483)
53. Zhu X., Smith M. A., Perry G., Aliev G., Mitochondrial failures in Alzheimer's disease American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias 2004 19 6 345 352 (Pubitemid 39612927)
54. Beal M. F., Mitochondria, free radicals, and neurodegeneration Current Opinion in Neurobiology 1996 6 5 661 666 (Pubitemid 26387722)
55. Manczak M., Anekonda T. S., Henson E., Park B. S., Quinn J., Reddy P. H., Mitochondria are a direct site of A accumulation in Alzheimer's disease neurons: implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression Human Molecular Genetics 2006 15 9 1437 1449
56. Reddy P. H., McWeeney S., Park B. S., Manczak M., Gutala R. V., Partovi D., Jung Y., Yau V., Searles R., Mori M., Quinn J., Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer's disease Human Molecular Genetics 2004 13 12 1225 1240 (Pubitemid 38877876)
57. Streck E. L., Matté C., Vieira P. S., Calcagnotto T., Wannmacher C. M. D., Wajner M., Wyse A. T. S., Impairment of energy metabolism in hippocampus of rats subjected to chemically-induced hyperhomocysteinemia Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2003 1637 3 187 192 (Pubitemid 36407768)
58. Chang S., Ma T. R., Miranda R. D., Balestra M. E., Mahley R. W., Huang Y., Lipid- and receptor-binding regions of apolipoprotein E4 fragments act in concert to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005 102 51 18694 18699 (Pubitemid 43011288)
59. Staehelin H. B., Micronutrients and Alzheimer's disease Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2005 64 4 565 570 (Pubitemid 41705457)
60. Grundman M., Vitamin E and Alzheimers disease: the basis for additional clinical trials American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000 71 630 636
61. Neuzil J., Darlow B. A., Inder T. E., Sluis K. B., Winterbourn C. C., Stocker R., Oxidation of parenteral lipid emulsion by ambient and phototherapy lights: potential toxicity of routine parenteral feeding Journal of Pediatrics 1995 126 5 785 790
62. Stocker R., Lipoprotein oxidation: mechanistic aspects, methodological approaches and clinical relevance Current Opinion in Lipidology 1994 5 6 422 433
63. Bowry V. W., Stocker R., Tocopherol-mediated peroxidation. The prooxidant effect of vitamin E on the radical-initiated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein Journal of the American Chemical Society 1993 115 14 6029 6044 (Pubitemid 23278118)
64. Kontush A., Finckh B., Karten B., Kohlschtter A., Beisiegel U., Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of -tocopherol in human plasma and low density lipoprotein Journal of Lipid Research 1996 37 7 1436 1448 (Pubitemid 26249975)
65. Kontush A., Schekatolina S., Vitamin E in neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004 1031 249 262 (Pubitemid 40361760)
66. Berger M. M., Can oxidative damage be treated nutritionally? Clinical Nutrition 2005 24 2 172 183 (Pubitemid 40392800)
67. Terada A., Yoshida M., Seko Y., Kobayashi T., Yoshida K., Nakada M., Nakada K., Echizen H., Ogata H., Rikihisa T., Active oxygen species generation and cellular damage by additives of parenteral preparations: selenium and sulfhydryl compounds Nutrition 1999 15 9 651 655 (Pubitemid 29385557)
68. Nakamura Y. K., Read M. H., Elias J. W., Omaye S. T., Oxidation of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and antioxidant status in young and elderly humans Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2006 42 3 265 276
69. Dumont M., Lin M. T., Beal M. F., Mitochondria and antioxidant targeted therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010 20 2 S633 S643
70. Foy C. J., Passmore A. P., Vahidassr M. D., Young I. S., Lawson J. T., Plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease An International Journal of Medicine 1999 92 1 39 45 (Pubitemid 29034099)
71. Montiel T., Quiroz-Baez R., Massieu L., Arias C., Role of oxidative stress on -amyloid neurotoxicity elicited during impairment of energy metabolism in the hippocampus: protection by antioxidants Experimental Neurology 2006 200 2 496 508 (Pubitemid 44107928)
72. Devore E. E., Grodstein F., van Rooij F. J. A., Hofman A., Stampfer M. J., Witteman J. C. M., Breteler M. M. B., Dietary antioxidants and long-term risk of dementia Archives of Neurology 2010 67 7 819 825
73. Sano M., Ernesto C., Thomas R. G., Klauber M. R., Schafer K., Grundman M., Woodbury P., Growdon J., Cotman C. W., Pfeiffer E., Schneider L. S., Thal L. J., A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease The New England Journal of Medicine 1997 336 17 1216 1222 (Pubitemid 27183651)
74. Sung S., Yao Y., Uryu K., Yang H., Lee V. M., Trojanowski J. Q., Pratic D., Early vitamin E supplementation in young but not aged mice reduces Abeta levels and amyloid deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease The FASEB Journal 2004 18 2 323 325
75. Nakashima H., Ishihara T., Yokota O., Terada S., Trojanowski J. Q., Lee V. M. Y., Kuroda S., Effects of -tocopherol on an animal model of tauopathies Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2004 37 2 176 186 (Pubitemid 38760254)
76. Dias-Santagata D., Fulga T. A., Duttaroy A., Feany M. B., Oxidative stress mediates tau-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007 117 1 236 245 (Pubitemid 46055207)
77. Pavlik V. N., Doody R. S., Rountree S. D., Darby E. J., Vitamin E use is associated with improved survival in an Alzheimer's disease cohort Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009 28 6 536 540
78. Bagi Z., Csek C., Tth E., Koller A., Oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of arteriolar wall shear stress and blood pressure in hyperhomocysteinemia is prevented by chronic vitamin C treatment American Journal of Physiology 2003 285 6 H2277 H2283
79. Fusco D., Colloca G., Lo Monaco M. R., Cesari M., Effects of antioxidant supplementation on the aging process Clinical Interventions in Aging 2007 2 3 377 387
80. Upritchard J. E., Schuurman C. R. W. C., Wiersma A., Tijburg L. B. M., Coolen S. A. J., Rijken P. J., Wiseman S. A., Spread supplemented with moderate doses of vitamin E and carotenoids reduces lipid peroxidation in healthy, nonsmoking adults American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003 78 5 985 992 (Pubitemid 39663476)
81. Di Mascio P., Murphy M. E., Sies H., Antioxidant defense systems: the role of carotenoids, tocopherols, and thiols American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991 53 1 194S 200S
82. Niki E., Noguchi N., Tsuchihashi H., Gotoh N., Interaction among vitamin C, vitamin E, and -carotene American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1995 62 6 1322S 1326S
83. Lloret A., Bada M. C., Mora N. J., Pallard F. V., Alonso M. D., Via J., Vitamin e paradox in alzheimer's disease: it does not prevent loss of cognition and may even be detrimental Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2009 17 1 143 149
84. Kamat C. D., Gadal S., Mhatre M., Williamson K. S., Pye Q. N., Hensley K., Antioxidants in central nervous system diseases: preclinical promise and translational challenges Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2008 15 3 473 493
85. Morris M. C., Evans D. A., Bienias J. L., Tangney C. C., Bennett D. A., Aggarwal N., Wilson R. S., Scherr P. A., Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study Journal of the American Medical Association 2002 287 24 3230 3237 (Pubitemid 34686104)
86. Brewer G. J., Why vitamin e therapy fails for treatment of Alzheimer's disease Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2010 19 1 27 30
87. Regland B., Gottfries C. G., Oreland L., Vitamin B12-induced reduction of platelet monoamine oxidase activity in patients with dementia and pernicious anaemia European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1991 240 4-5 288 291
88. Nadeau A., Roberge A. G., Effects of vitamin B12 supplementation on choline acetyltransferase activity in cat brain International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 1988 58 4 402 406 (Pubitemid 19022409)
89. Ikeda T., Yamamoto K., Takahashi K., Kaku Y., Uchiyama M., Sugiyama K., Yamada M., Treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia with intravenous mecobalamin Clinical Therapeutics 1992 14 3 426 437
90. Marcus D. L., Thomas C., Rodriguez C., Simberkoff K., Tsai J. S., Strafaci J. A., Freedman M. L., Increased peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in Alzheimer's disease Experimental Neurology 1998 150 1 40 44 (Pubitemid 28146421)
91. Gonzalez-Zulueta M., Ensz L. M., Mukhina G., Lebovitz R. M., Zwacka R. M., Engelhardt J. F., Oberley L. W., Dawson V. L., Dawson T. M., Manganese superoxide dismutase protects nNOS neurons from NMDA and nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity Journal of Neuroscience 1998 18 6 2040 2055 (Pubitemid 28141411)
92. Esposito L., Raber J., Kekonius L., Yan F., Yu G. Q., Bien-Ly N., Puolivli J., Scearce-Levie K., Masliah E., Mucke L., Reduction in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase modulates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and accelerates the onset of behavioral changes in human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice Journal of Neuroscience 2006 26 19 5167 5179 (Pubitemid 44315298)
93. Wang X., Su B., Fujioka H., Zhu X., Dynamin-like protein 1 reduction underlies mitochondrial morphology and distribution abnormalities in fibroblasts from sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients American Journal of Pathology 2008 173 2 470 482
94. Siedlak S. L., Casadesus G., Webber K. M., Pappolla M. A., Atwood C. S., Smith M. A., Perry G., Chronic antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease Free Radical Research 2009 43 2 156 164
95. Zhu X., Raina A. K., Perry G., Smith M. A., Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis The Lancet Neurology 2004 3 4 219 226 (Pubitemid 38373660)
96. Quinn J. F., Bussiere J. R., Hammond R. S., Montine T. J., Henson E., Jones R. E., Stackman R. W., Chronic dietary -lipoic acid reduces deficits in hippocampal memory of aged Tg2576 mice Neurobiology of Aging 2007 28 2 213 225 (Pubitemid 44894634)
97. Niki E., Mechanisms and dynamics of antioxidant action of ubiquinol Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1997 18 S63 S70
98. Chen R. S., Huang C. C., Chu N. S., Coenzyme Q10 treatment in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Short-term double-blind, crossover study European Neurology 1997 37 4 212 218
99. Birkmayer J. G., Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. New therapeutic approach for improving dementia of the Alzheimer type Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 1996 26 1 1 9
100. Murphy M. P., Smith R. A. J., Drug delivery to mitochondria: the key to mitochondrial medicine Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2000 41 2 235 250 (Pubitemid 30122962)
101. James A. M., Sharpley M. S., Manas A. R. B., Frerman F. E., Hirst J., Smith R. A. J., Murphy M. P., Interaction of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ with phospholipid bilayers and ubiquinone oxidoreductases Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007 282 20 14708 14718 (Pubitemid 47093346)
102. Lu C., Zhang D., Whiteman M., Armstrong J. S., Is antioxidant potential of the mitochondrial targeted ubiquinone derivative MitoQ conserved in cells lacking mtDNA? Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2008 10 3 651 660
103. Moreira P. I., Siedlak S. L., Wang X., Santos M. S., Oliveira C. R., Tabaton M., Nunomura A., Szweda L. I., Aliev G., Smith M. A., Zhu X., Perry G., Autophagocytosis of mitochondria is prominent in Alzheimer disease Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2007 66 7 674
104. Moreira P. I., Zhu X., Wang X., Lee H. G., Nunomura A., Petersen R. B., Perry G., Smith M. A., Mitochondria: a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2010 1802 1 212 220
105. Manczak M., Mao P., Calkins M., Cornea A., Arubala R. P., Murphy M. P., Szetoc H. H., Park B., Reddy P. H., Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protects against Abeta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease neurons Journal of Alzheimer Disease 2010 20 supplement 2 S609 S631
106. Rezai-Zadeh K., Shytle D., Sun N., Mori T., Hou H., Jeanniton D., Ehrhart J., Townsend K., Zeng J., Morgan D., Hardy J., Town T., Tan J., Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates amyloid precursor protein cleavage and reduces cerebral amyloidosis in Alzheimer transgenic mice Journal of Neuroscience 2005 25 38 8807 8814 (Pubitemid 41362059)
107. Prasanthi J. R. P., Dasari B., Marwarha G., Larson T., Chen X., Geiger J. D., Ghribi O., Caffeine protects against oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in rabbit hippocampus induced by cholesterol-enriched diet Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2010 49 7 1212 1220
108. Ammon H. P., Safayhi N., Mack T., Sabieraj J., Mechanism of antiinflammatory actions of curcumine and boswellic acids Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1993 38 2-3 113 119 (Pubitemid 23136055)
109. Lim G. P., Chu T., Yang F., Beech W., Frautschy S. A., Cole G. M., The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse Journal of Neuroscience 2001 21 21 8370 8377 (Pubitemid 33051435)
110. Wang J., Ho L., Qin W., Rocher A. B., Seror I., Humala N., Maniar K., Dolios G., Wang R., Hof P. R., Pasinetti G. M., Caloric restriction attenuates -amyloid neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease The FASEB Journal 2005 19 6 659 661 (Pubitemid 40471277)
111. Lu P., Mamiya T., Lu L. L., Mouri A., Zou L. B., Nagai T., Hiramatsu M., Ikejima T., Nabeshima T., Silibinin prevents amyloid b peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice British Journal of Pharmacology 2009 157 7 1270 1277
112. Stackman R. W., Eckenstein F., Frei B., Kulhanek D., Nowlin J., Quinn J. F., Prevention of age-related spatial memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by chronic Ginkgo biloba treatment Experimental Neurology 2003 184 1 510 520 (Pubitemid 37444058)
113. Garcia-Alloza M., Borrelli L. A., Hyman B. T., Bacskai B. J., Antioxidants have a rapid and long-lasting effect on neuritic abnormalities in APP:PS1 mice Neurobiology of Aging 2010 31 12 2058 2068
114. Galluzzi S., Zanetti O., Binetti G., Trabucchi M., Frisoni G. B., Coma in a patient with Alzheimer's disease taking low dose trazodone and ginkgo biloba Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2000 68 5 679 680 (Pubitemid 30248845)
115. Tuppo E. E., Forman L. J., Free radical oxidative damage and Alzheimer's disease Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 2001 101 12, supplement 1 S11 S15
116. Nishida S., Metabolic effects of melatonin on oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus Endocrine 2005 27 2 131 135 (Pubitemid 41558445)
117. Zhou J., Zhang S., Zhao X., Wei T., Melatonin impairs NADPH oxidase assembly and decreases superoxide anion production in microglia exposed to amyloid- 1-42 Journal of Pineal Research 2008 45 2 157 165
118. Deng Y. Q., Xu G. G., Duan P., Zhang Q., Wang J. Z., Effects of melatonin on wortmannin-induced tau hyperphosphorylation Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005 26 5 519 526 (Pubitemid 40676159)
119. Wang J. Z., Wang Z. F., Role of melatonin in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006 27 1 41 49
120. Liu S. J., Wang J. Z., Alzheimer-like tau phosphorylation induced by wortmannin in vivo and its attenuation by melatonin Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002 23 2 183 187
121. Wang D. L., Ling Z. Q., Cao F. Y., Zhu L. Q., Wang J. Z., Melatonin attenuates isoproterenol-induced protein kinase A overactivation and tau hyperphosphorylation in rat brain Journal of Pineal Research 2004 37 1 11 16
122. Wang X. C., Zhang J., Yu X., Han L., Zhou Z. T., Zhang Y., Wang J. Z., Prevention of isoproterenol-induced tau hyperphosphorylation by melatonin in the rat Sheng Li Xue Bao 2005 57 7 12
123. Li X. C., Wang Z. F., Zhang J. X., Wang Q., Wang J. Z., Effect of melatonin on calyculin A-induced tau hyperphosphorylation European Journal of Pharmacology 2005 510 1-2 25 30 (Pubitemid 40312386)
124. Feng Z., Zhang J. T., Protective effect of melatonin on -amyloid-induced apoptosis in rat astroglioma c6 cells and its mechanism Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2004 37 11 1790 1801 (Pubitemid 39441063)
125. Matsubara E., Bryant-Thomas T., Quinto J. P., Henry T. L., Poeggeler B., Herbert D., Cruz-Sanchez F., Chyan Y. J., Smith M. A., Perry G., Shoji M., Abe K., Leone A., Grundke-Ikbal I., Wilson G. L., Ghiso J., Williams C., Refolo L. M., Pappolla M. A., Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease Journal of Neurochemistry 2003 85 5 1101 1108 (Pubitemid 36613258)
126. Quinn J., Kulhanek D., Nowlin J., Jones R., Pratic D., Rokach J., Stackman R., Chronic melatonin therapy fails to alter amyloid burden or oxidative damage in old Tg2576 mice: implications for clinical trials Brain Research 2005 1037 1-2 209 213 (Pubitemid 40362399)
127. Thomas T., Monamine oxidase-B inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimers disease Neurobiology of Aging 2000 21 343 348 (Pubitemid 30387093)
128. Goodman Y., Bruce A. J., Cheng B., Mattson M. P., Estrogens attenuate and corticosterone exacerbates excitotoxicity, oxidative injury, and amyloid -peptide toxicity in hippocampal neurons Journal of Neurochemistry 1996 66 5 1836 1844 (Pubitemid 26118770)
129. Mulnard R. A., Cotman C. W., Kawas C., Van Dyck C. H., Sano M., Doody R., Koss E., Pfeiffer E., Jin S., Gamst A., Grundman M., Thomas R., Thal L. J., Estrogen replacement therapy for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Journal of the American Medical Association 2000 283 8 1007 1015 (Pubitemid 30112214)