The interaction of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in liver diseases

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 56, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 952-964

  Bechmann, Lars P ^a   Hannivoort, Rebekka A ^b   Gerken, Guido ^a   Hotamisligil, Gökhan S ^c   Trauner, Michael ^d   Canbay, Ali ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ESSEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

ER stress; Fatty acid transporters; HCC; Liver regeneration; NAFLD; Nuclear receptors

Indexed keywords

CELL NUCLEUS RECEPTOR; CHEMOKINE; GLUCOSE; LIPID; LIVER RECEPTOR HOMOLOG 1; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

AUTOPHAGY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; INSULIN RESPONSE; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID STORAGE; LIPID TRANSPORT; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER INJURY; LIVER METABOLISM; LIVER REGENERATION; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

FATTY LIVER; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; LIPID METABOLISM; LIVER NEOPLASMS; LIVER REGENERATION; RECEPTORS, CALCITRIOL; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR;

EID: 84858701950     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.08.025     Document Type: Review

References (131)

1. A.E. Feldstein Novel insights into the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Semin Liver Dis 30 2010 391 401
2. J.D. Browning, L.S. Szczepaniak, R. Dobbins, P. Nuremberg, J.D. Horton, and J.C. Cohen Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 40 2004 1387 1395 (Pubitemid 39657013)
3. K.L. Donnelly, C.I. Smith, S.J. Schwarzenberg, J. Jessurun, M.D. Boldt, and E.J. Parks Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Clin Invest 115 2005 1343 1351 (Pubitemid 40629054)
4. C. Postic, and J. Girard Contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. lessons from genetically engineered mice J Clin Invest 118 2008 829 838 (Pubitemid 351364588)
5. V.T. Samuel, K.F. Petersen, and G.I. Shulman Lipid-induced insulin resistance. unravelling the mechanism Lancet 375 2010 2267 2277
6. A.J. Sanyal, C. Campbell-Sargent, F. Mirshahi, W.B. Rizzo, M.J. Contos, and R.K. Sterling Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities Gastroenterology 120 2001 1183 1192 (Pubitemid 32246672)
7. B.A. Neuschwander-Tetri Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 52 2010 774 788
8. S. Fu, L. Yang, P. Li, O. Hofmann, L. Dicker, and W. Hide Aberrant lipid metabolism disrupts calcium homeostasis causing liver endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity Nature 2011
9. P.E. Rautou, A. Mansouri, D. Lebrec, F. Durand, D. Valla, and R. Moreau Autophagy in liver diseases J. Hepatol. 53 2010 1123 1134
10. R. Singh, S. Kaushik, Y. Wang, Y. Xiang, I. Novak, and M. Komatsu Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism Nature 458 2009 1131 1135
11. Y. Wang, R. Singh, Y. Xiang, and M.J. Czaja Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy are required for hepatocyte resistance to oxidant stress Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 52 2010 266 277
12. L. Yang, P. Li, S. Fu, E.S. Calay, and G.S. Hotamisligil Defective hepatic autophagy in obesity promotes ER stress and causes insulin resistance Cell Metab 11 2010 467 478
13. D.B. Savage, and R.K. Semple Recent insights into fatty liver, metabolic dyslipidaemia and their links to insulin resistance Curr Opin Lipidol 21 2010 329 336
14. N.A. Gupta, J. Mells, R.M. Dunham, A. Grakoui, J. Handy, and N.K. Saxena Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 51 2010 1584 1592
15. S.R. Pyper, N. Viswakarma, S. Yu, and J.K. Reddy PPARalpha: energy combustion, hypolipidemia, inflammation and cancer Nucl Recept Signal 8 2010 e002
16. M.T. Timlin, and E.J. Parks Temporal pattern of de novo lipogenesis in the postprandial state in healthy men Am J Clin Nutr 81 2005 35 42 (Pubitemid 43073373)
17. M. Merkel, R.H. Eckel, and I.J. Goldberg Lipoprotein lipase: genetics, lipid uptake, and regulation J Lipid Res 43 2002 1997 2006 (Pubitemid 35471065)
18. B.L. Knight, A. Hebbachi, D. Hauton, A.M. Brown, D. Wiggins, and D.D. Patel A role for PPARalpha in the control of SREBP activity and lipid synthesis in the liver Biochem J 389 2005 413 421 (Pubitemid 41021145)
19. S.E. Schadinger, N.L. Bucher, B.M. Schreiber, and S.R. Farmer PPARgamma2 regulates lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288 2005 E1195 1205
20. L.L. Shen, H. Liu, J. Peng, L. Gan, L. Lu, and Q. Zhang Effects of farnesoid X receptor on the expression of the fatty acid synthetase and hepatic lipase Mol Biol Rep 38 2011 553 559
21. M.V. Chakravarthy, I.J. Lodhi, L. Yin, R.R. Malapaka, H.E. Xu, and J. Turk Identification of a physiologically relevant endogenous ligand for PPARalpha in liver Cell 138 2009 476 488
22. H.S. Sul, M.J. Latasa, Y. Moon, and K.H. Kim Regulation of the fatty acid synthase promoter by insulin J Nutr 130 2000 315S 320S (Pubitemid 30073737)
23. R. Dentin, J. Girard, and C. Postic Carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c): two key regulators of glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in liver Biochimie 87 2005 81 86 (Pubitemid 40298769)
24. R.A. Coleman, and D.P. Lee Enzymes of triacylglycerol synthesis and their regulation Prog Lipid Res 43 2004 134 176 (Pubitemid 37492937)
25. C. Postic, and J. Girard The role of the lipogenic pathway in the development of hepatic steatosis Diabetes Metab 34 2008 643 648
26. P. Arner Human fat cell lipolysis: biochemistry, regulation and clinical role Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 19 2005 471 482 (Pubitemid 41819214)
27. J. Delarue, and C. Magnan Free fatty acids and insulin resistance Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 10 2007 142 148 (Pubitemid 46220305)
28. P.D. Berk Regulatable fatty acid transport mechanisms are central to the pathophysiology of obesity, fatty liver, and metabolic syndrome Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 48 2008 1362 1376
29. G. Martin, M. Nemoto, L. Gelman, S. Geffroy, J. Najib, and J.C. Fruchart The human fatty acid transport protein-1 (SLC27A1; FATP-1) cDNA and gene: organization, chromosomal localization, and expression Genomics 66 2000 296 304 (Pubitemid 30483960)
30. F. Ge, S. Zhou, C. Hu, Ht Lobdell, and P.D. Berk Insulin- and leptin-regulated fatty acid uptake plays a key causal role in hepatic steatosis in mice with intact leptin signaling but not in ob/ob or db/db mice Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 299 2010 G855 866
31. S.L. Zhou, D. Stump, D. Sorrentino, B.J. Potter, and P.D. Berk Adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells involves augmented expression of a 43-kDa plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein J Biol Chem 267 1992 14456 14461
32. S.L. Zhou, D. Stump, C.L. Kiang, L.M. Isola, and P.D. Berk Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase expressed on the surface of 3T3-L1 adipocytes mediates saturable fatty acid uptake Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 208 1995 263 270
33. B.L. Trigatti, R.G. Anderson, and G.E. Gerber Identification of caveolin-1 as a fatty acid binding protein Biochem Biophys Res Commun 255 1999 34 39 (Pubitemid 29292060)
34. N.A. Abumrad, M.R. el-Maghrabi, E.Z. Amri, E. Lopez, and P.A. Grimaldi Cloning of a rat adipocyte membrane protein implicated in binding or transport of long-chain fatty acids that is induced during preadipocyte differentiation. Homology with human CD36 J Biol Chem 268 1993 17665 17668 (Pubitemid 23260267)
35. R.L. Silverstein, and M. Febbraio CD36, a scavenger receptor involved in immunity, metabolism, angiogenesis, and behavior Sci Signal 2 2009 re3
36. M. Wierzbicki, A. Chabowski, M. Zendzian-Piotrowska, and J. Gorski Differential effects of in vivo PPAR alpha and gamma activation on fatty acid transport proteins expression and lipid content in rat liver J Physiol Pharmacol 60 2009 99 106
37. M.J. Czaja Autophagy in health and disease. 2. Regulation of lipid metabolism and storage by autophagy: pathophysiological implications Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 298 2010 C973 978
38. P.F. Finn, and J.F. Dice Proteolytic and lipolytic responses to starvation Nutrition 22 2006 830 844 (Pubitemid 43947502)
39. M. Shibata, K. Yoshimura, N. Furuya, M. Koike, T. Ueno, and M. Komatsu The MAP1-LC3 conjugation system is involved in lipid droplet formation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382 2009 419 423
40. S. Li, M.S. Brown, and J.L. Goldstein Bifurcation of insulin signaling pathway in rat liver: mTORC1 required for stimulation of lipogenesis, but not inhibition of gluconeogenesis Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107 2010 3441 3446
41. A.L. Lehninger, D.L. Nelson, and M.M. Cox Lehninger principles of biochemistry 4th ed. 2005 W.H. Freeman New York
42. J.D. McGarry, and N.F. Brown The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis Eur J Biochem 244 1997 1 14 (Pubitemid 27079689)
43. M. Akkaoui, I. Cohen, C. Esnous, V. Lenoir, M. Sournac, and J. Girard Modulation of the hepatic malonyl-CoA-carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A partnership creates a metabolic switch allowing oxidation of de novo fatty acids Biochem J 420 2009 429 438
44. J.K. Reddy Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis. III. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation, PPAR alpha, and steatohepatitis Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 2001 G1333 1339
45. P. Nguyen, V. Leray, M. Diez, S. Serisier, J. Le Bloc'h, and B. Siliart Liver lipid metabolism J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 92 2008 272 283 (Pubitemid 351670169)
46. F.G. Hegardt Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase: a control enzyme in ketogenesis Biochem J 338 1999 569 582 (Pubitemid 29140059)
47. A. Leturque, E. Brot-Laroche, and M. Le Gall GLUT2 mutations, translocation, and receptor function in diet sugar managing Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 296 2009 E985 992
48. L. Agius Glucokinase and molecular aspects of liver glycogen metabolism Biochem J 414 2008 1 18
49. C.A. Chu, Y. Fujimoto, K. Igawa, J. Grimsby, J.F. Grippo, and M.A. Magnuson Rapid translocation of hepatic glucokinase in response to intraduodenal glucose infusion and changes in plasma glucose and insulin in conscious rats Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 286 2004 G627 634
50. S.P. Miller, G.R. Anand, E.J. Karschnia, G.I. Bell, D.C. LaPorte, and A.J. Lange Characterization of glucokinase mutations associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY-2): different glucokinase defects lead to a common phenotype Diabetes 48 1999 1645 1651 (Pubitemid 29356875)
51. A.L. Cuesta-Munoz, T. Tuomi, N. Cobo-Vuilleumier, H. Koskela, S. Odili, and A. Stride Clinical heterogeneity in monogenic diabetes caused by mutations in the glucokinase gene (GCK-MODY) Diabetes Care 33 2010 290 292
52. T. Amann, and C. Hellerbrand GLUT1 as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma Expert Opin Ther Targets 13 2009 1411 1427
53. P.J. Roach Glycogen and its metabolism Curr Mol Med 2 2002 101 120 (Pubitemid 34649835)
54. Y.M. Kim, Y.H. Seo, C.B. Park, S.H. Yoon, and G. Yoon Roles of GSK3 in metabolic shift toward abnormal anabolism in cell senescence Ann N Y Acad Sci 1201 2010 65 71
55. D. Raddatz, and G. Ramadori Carbohydrate metabolism and the liver: actual aspects from physiology and disease Z Gastroenterol 45 2007 51 62 (Pubitemid 46202721)
56. R. Conti, E. Mannucci, P. Pessotto, E. Tassoni, P. Carminati, and F. Giannessi Selective reversible inhibition of liver carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 by teglicar reduces gluconeogenesis and improves glucose homeostasis Diabetes 60 2011 644 651
57. A. Valera, A. Pujol, M. Pelegrin, and F. Bosch Transgenic mice overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 1994 9151 9154
58. K.R. Stayrook, K.S. Bramlett, R.S. Savkur, J. Ficorilli, T. Cook, and M.E. Christe Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by the farnesoid X receptor Endocrinology 146 2005 984 991 (Pubitemid 40289284)
59. H. Oberkofler, A. Pfeifenberger, S. Soyal, T. Felder, P. Hahne, and K. Miller Aberrant hepatic TRIB3 gene expression in insulin-resistant obese humans Diabetologia 53 2010 1971 1975
60. R. Cao, Z.X. Cronk, W. Zha, L. Sun, X. Wang, and Y. Fang Bile acids regulate hepatic gluconeogenic genes and farnesoid X receptor via G(alpha)i-protein-coupled receptors and the AKT pathway J Lipid Res 51 2010 2234 2244
61. P. Puigserver, J. Rhee, J. Donovan, C.J. Walkey, J.C. Yoon, and F. Oriente Insulin-regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis through FOXO1-PGC-1alpha interaction Nature 423 2003 550 555 (Pubitemid 36648580)
62. P. Hakimi, M.T. Johnson, J. Yang, D.F. Lepage, R.A. Conlon, and S.C. Kalhan Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the critical role of cataplerosis in the control of hepatic metabolism Nutr Metab (Lond) 2 2005 33
63. R.W. Hanson, and P. Hakimi Born to run; the story of the PEPCK-Cmus mouse Biochimie 90 2008 838 842
64. A.E. Feldstein, A. Canbay, M.E. Guicciardi, H. Higuchi, S.F. Bronk, and G.J. Gores Diet associated hepatic steatosis sensitizes to Fas mediated liver injury in mice J. Hepatol. 39 2003 978 983 (Pubitemid 37523769)
65. L.P. Bechmann, R.K. Gieseler, J.P. Sowa, A. Kahraman, J. Erhard, and I. Wedemeyer Apoptosis is associated with CD36/fatty acid translocase upregulation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver Int 30 2010 850 859
66. K. Chandrasekaran, K. Swaminathan, S. Chatterjee, and A. Dey Apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose Toxicol In Vitro 24 2010 387 396
67. M. Civera, A. Urios, M.L. Garcia-Torres, J. Ortega, J. Martinez-Valls, and N. Cassinello Relationship between insulin resistance, inflammation and liver cell apoptosis in patients with severe obesity Diabetes Metab Res Rev 26 2010 187 192
68. N. Sato Central role of mitochondria in metabolic regulation of liver pathophysiology J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22 2007 S1 6
69. J.E. Puche, M. Garcia-Fernandez, J. Muntane, J. Rioja, S. Gonzalez-Baron, and I. Castilla Cortazar Low doses of insulin-like growth factor-I induce mitochondrial protection in aging rats Endocrinology 149 2008 2620 2627 (Pubitemid 351574499)
70. X. Wang, Z. Wang, J.Z. Liu, J.X. Hu, H.L. Chen, and W.L. Li Double antioxidant activities of rosiglitazone against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in hepatocyte Toxicol In Vitro 2011
71. W. Okiyama, N. Tanaka, T. Nakajima, E. Tanaka, K. Kiyosawa, and F.J. Gonzalez Polyenephosphatidylcholine prevents alcoholic liver disease in PPARalpha-null mice through attenuation of increases in oxidative stress J Hepatol 50 2009 1236 1246
72. J.H. Lim, H.J. Lee, M. Ho Jung, and J. Song Coupling mitochondrial dysfunction to endoplasmic reticulum stress response: a molecular mechanism leading to hepatic insulin resistance Cell Signal 21 2009 169 177
73. G.S. Hotamisligil Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease Cell 140 2010 900 917
74. H.Y. Jiang, S.A. Wek, B.C. McGrath, D. Scheuner, R.J. Kaufman, and D.R. Cavener Phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is required for activation of NF-kappaB in response to diverse cellular stresses Mol Cell Biol 23 2003 5651 5663 (Pubitemid 36951330)
75. J. Seo, E.S. Fortuno 3rd, J.M. Suh, D. Stenesen, W. Tang, and E.J. Parks Atf4 regulates obesity, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure Diabetes 58 2009 2565 2573
76. H.L. Kammoun, H. Chabanon, I. Hainault, S. Luquet, C. Magnan, and T. Koike GRP78 expression inhibits insulin and ER stress-induced SREBP-1c activation and reduces hepatic steatosis in mice J Clin Invest 119 2009 1201 1215
77. D.T. Rutkowski, J. Wu, S.H. Back, M.U. Callaghan, S.P. Ferris, and J. Iqbal UPR pathways combine to prevent hepatic steatosis caused by ER stress-mediated suppression of transcriptional master regulators Dev Cell 15 2008 829 840
78. M.G. Gregor, and G.S. Hotamisligil Adipocyte stress: the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolic disease J Lipid Res 2007
79. T. Porstmann, C.R. Santos, B. Griffiths, M. Cully, M. Wu, and S. Leevers SREBP activity is regulated by mTORC1 and contributes to Akt-dependent cell growth Cell Metab 8 2008 224 236
80. C.H. Jung, S.H. Ro, J. Cao, N.M. Otto, and D.H. Kim mTOR regulation of autophagy FEBS Lett 584 2010 1287 1295
81. O. Cheung, and A.J. Sanyal Abnormalities of lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Semin Liver Dis 28 2008 351 359
82. G.S. Hotamisligil Inflammation and metabolic disorders Nature 444 2006 860 867 (Pubitemid 46024993)
83. V. Bieghs, K. Wouters, P.J. van Gorp, M.J. Gijbels, M.P. de Winther, and C.J. Binder Role of scavenger receptor A and CD36 in diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in hyperlipidemic mice Gastroenterology 138 2010 2477 2486 (2486 e2471-2473)
84. P.D. Berk, S. Zhou, and M.W. Bradbury Increased hepatocellular uptake of long chain fatty acids occurs by different mechanisms in fatty livers due to obesity or excess ethanol use, contributing to development of steatohepatitis in both settings Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 116 2005 335 344 (discussion 345)
85. M.P. Sajan, M.L. Standaert, J. Rivas, A. Miura, Y. Kanoh, and J. Soto Role of atypical protein kinase C in activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in liver of rodents used as a model of diabetes, and relationships to hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance Diabetologia 52 2009 1197 1207
86. C.M. Taniguchi, T. Kondo, M. Sajan, J. Luo, R. Bronson, and T. Asano Divergent regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by phosphoinositide 3-kinase via Akt and PKClambda/zeta Cell Metab 3 2006 343 353
87. H.Y. Liu, J. Han, S.Y. Cao, T. Hong, D. Zhuo, and J. Shi Hepatic autophagy is suppressed in the presence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: inhibition of FoxO1-dependent expression of key autophagy genes by insulin J Biol Chem 284 2009 31484 31492
88. M. Ricchi, M.R. Odoardi, L. Carulli, C. Anzivino, S. Ballestri, and A. Pinetti Differential effect of oleic and palmitic acid on lipid accumulation and apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24 2009 830 840
89. K. Yamaguchi, L. Yang, S. McCall, J. Huang, X.X. Yu, and S.K. Pandey Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 45 2007 1366 1374 (Pubitemid 46918320)
90. M.S. Han, S.Y. Park, K. Shinzawa, S. Kim, K.W. Chung, and J.H. Lee Lysophosphatidylcholine as a death effector in the lipoapoptosis of hepatocytes J Lipid Res 49 2008 84 97
91. M.B. Fessler, L.L. Rudel, and J.M. Brown Toll-like receptor signaling links dietary fatty acids to the metabolic syndrome Curr Opin Lipidol 20 2009 379 385
92. A.E. Feldstein, N.W. Werneburg, A. Canbay, M.E. Guicciardi, S.F. Bronk, and R. Rydzewski Free fatty acids promote hepatic lipotoxicity by stimulating TNF-alpha expression via a lysosomal pathway Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 40 2004 185 194 (Pubitemid 38868937)
93. C.J. Nolan, and C.Z. Larter Lipotoxicity: why do saturated fatty acids cause and monounsaturates protect against it? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 24 2009 703 706
94. E. Erbay, V.R. Babaev, J.R. Mayers, L. Makowski, K.N. Charles, and M.E. Snitow Reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress through a macrophage lipid chaperone alleviates atherosclerosis Nat Med 15 2009 1383 1391
95. G. Robertson, I. Leclercq, and G.C. Farrell Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis. II. Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 281 2001 G1135 1139
96. M. Kohjima, M. Enjoji, N. Higuchi, M. Kato, K. Kotoh, and T. Yoshimoto Re-evaluation of fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Int J Mol Med 20 2007 351 358
97. R. Dentin, F. Benhamed, I. Hainault, V. Fauveau, F. Foufelle, and J.R. Dyck Liver-specific inhibition of ChREBP improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice Diabetes 55 2006 2159 2170 (Pubitemid 44743612)
98. S. Tamura, and I. Shimomura Contribution of adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Clin Invest 115 2005 1139 1142 (Pubitemid 40629030)
99. J.M. Orellana-Gavalda, L. Herrero, M.I. Malandrino, A. Paneda, M. Sol Rodriguez-Pena, and H. Petry Molecular therapy for obesity and diabetes based on a long-term increase in hepatic fatty-acid oxidation Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 53 2011 821 832
100. M.S. Rosselli, A.L. Burgueno, C.J. Pirola, and S. Sookoian Cyclooxygenase inhibition Up-regulates liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A expression and improves fatty liver Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 53 2011 2143 2144
101. J. Crespo, A. Cayon, P. Fernandez-Gil, M. Hernandez-Guerra, M. Mayorga, and A. Dominguez-Diez Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and TNF-receptors, p55 and p75, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 34 2001 1158 1163 (Pubitemid 33096588)
102. M. Endo, T. Masaki, M. Seike, and H. Yoshimatsu TNF-alpha induces hepatic steatosis in mice by enhancing gene expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 232 2007 614 621 (Pubitemid 46683386)
103. S. Kaser, A. Moschen, A. Cayon, A. Kaser, J. Crespo, and F. Pons-Romero Adiponectin and its receptors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Gut 54 2005 117 121 (Pubitemid 40007229)
104. A.E. Feldstein, A. Canbay, P. Angulo, M. Taniai, L.J. Burgart, and K.D. Lindor Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Gastroenterology 125 2003 437 443 (Pubitemid 36929425)
105. A.E. Feldstein, A. Wieckowska, A.R. Lopez, Y.C. Liu, N.N. Zein, and A.J. McCullough Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 50 2009 1072 1078
106. M. Horoz, C. Bolukbas, F.F. Bolukbas, T. Sabuncu, M. Aslan, and S. Sarifakiogullari Measurement of the total antioxidant response using a novel automated method in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis BMC gastroenterology 5 2005 35
107. W. Huang, K. Ma, J. Zhang, M. Qatanani, J. Cuvillier, and J. Liu Nuclear receptor-dependent bile acid signaling is required for normal liver regeneration Science 312 2006 233 236
108. M.A. Fernandez, C. Albor, M. Ingelmo-Torres, S.J. Nixon, C. Ferguson, and T. Kurzchalia Caveolin-1 is essential for liver regeneration Science 313 2006 1628 1632 (Pubitemid 44414035)
109. H. Doege, R.A. Baillie, A.M. Ortegon, B. Tsang, Q. Wu, and S. Punreddy Targeted deletion of FATP5 reveals multiple functions in liver metabolism: alterations in hepatic lipid homeostasis Gastroenterology 130 2006 1245 1258
110. B. Hubbard, H. Doege, S. Punreddy, H. Wu, X. Huang, and V.K. Kaushik Mice deleted for fatty acid transport protein 5 have defective bile acid conjugation and are protected from obesity Gastroenterology 130 2006 1259 1269
111. A. Geier, and C. Trautwein Bile acids are "homeotrophic" sensors of the functional hepatic capacity and regulate adaptive growth during liver regeneration Hepatology 45 2007 251 253 (Pubitemid 46144386)
112. L.P. Bechmann, C. Jochum, P. Kocabayoglu, J.P. Sowa, M. Kassalik, and R.K. Gieseler Cytokeratin 18-based modification of the MELD score improves prediction of spontaneous survival after acute liver injury J. Hepatol. 53 2010 639 647
113. R.Z. Shu, F. Zhang, F. Wang, D.C. Feng, X.H. Li, and W.H. Ren Adiponectin deficiency impairs liver regeneration through attenuating STAT3 phosphorylation in mice Lab Invest 89 2009 1043 1052
114. A. Wree, A. Kahraman, G. Gerken, and A. Canbay Obesity affects the liver - the link between adipocytes and hepatocytes Digestion 83 2011 124 133
115. H.A. Hirsch, D. Iliopoulos, A. Joshi, Y. Zhang, S.A. Jaeger, and M. Bulyk A transcriptional signature and common gene networks link cancer with lipid metabolism and diverse human diseases Cancer Cell 17 2010 348 361
116. S. Petta, and A. Craxi Hepatocellular carcinoma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: from a clinical to a molecular association Curr Pharm Des 16 2010 741 752
117. E. Bugianesi Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer Clin Liver Dis 11 2007 191 207 (x-xi) (Pubitemid 46829971)
118. E.E. Calle, C. Rodriguez, K. Walker-Thurmond, and M.J. Thun Overweight, obesity and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults N Engl J Med 348 2003 1625 1638 (Pubitemid 36459468)
119. J.A. Davila, R.O. Morgan, Y. Shaib, K.A. McGlynn, and H.B. El-Serag Diabetes increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: a population based case control study Gut 54 2005 533 539 (Pubitemid 40403031)
120. L.A. Adams, J.F. Lymp, J. St Sauver, S.O. Sanderson, K.D. Lindor, and A. Feldstein The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study Gastroenterology 129 2005 113 121 (Pubitemid 41002048)
121. J. Ertle, A. Dechene, J.P. Sowa, V. Penndorf, K. Herzer, and G. Kaiser Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progresses to HCC in the absence of apparent cirrhosis Int J Cancer 2010
122. A.P. Venook, C. Papandreou, J. Furuse, and L.L. de Guevara The incidence and epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: a global and regional perspective Oncologist 15 2010 5 13
123. J.M. Wu, N.J. Skill, and M.A. Maluccio Evidence of aberrant lipid metabolism in hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma HPB (Oxford) 12 2010 625 636
124. A. Villanueva, D.Y. Chiang, P. Newell, J. Peix, S. Thung, and C. Alsinet Pivotal role of mTOR signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma Gastroenterology 135 2008 1972 1983 (1983 e1971-1911)
125. X. Qu, J. Yu, G. Bhagat, N. Furuya, H. Hibshoosh, and A. Troxel Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene J Clin Invest 112 2003 1809 1820 (Pubitemid 38063704)
126. E.J. Park, J.H. Lee, G.Y. Yu, G. He, S.R. Ali, and R.G. Holzer Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression Cell 140 2010 197 208
127. J.A. Handy, N.K. Saxena, P. Fu, S. Lin, J.E. Mells, and N.A. Gupta Adiponectin activation of AMPK disrupts leptin-mediated hepatic fibrosis via suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS-3) J Cell Biochem 110 2010 1195 1207
128. N. Tanaka, K. Moriya, K. Kiyosawa, K. Koike, F.J. Gonzalez, and T. Aoyama PPARalpha activation is essential for HCV core protein-induced hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice J Clin Invest 118 2008 683 694 (Pubitemid 351206557)
129. D.L. van der Meer, T. Degenhardt, S. Vaisanen, P.J. de Groot, M. Heinaniemi, and S.C. de Vries Profiling of promoter occupancy by PPARalpha in human hepatoma cells via ChIP-chip analysis Nucleic Acids Res 38 2010 2839 2850
130. V. Ratziu, P. Giral, S. Jacqueminet, F. Charlotte, A. Hartemann-Heurtier, and L. Serfaty Rosiglitazone for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: one-year results of the randomized placebo-controlled Fatty Liver Improvement with Rosiglitazone Therapy (FLIRT) Trial Gastroenterology 135 2008 100 110 (Pubitemid 351916703)
131. J. Yu, L. Qiao, L. Zimmermann, M.P. Ebert, H. Zhang, and W. Lin Troglitazone inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 43 2006 134 143 (Pubitemid 43733600)