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Volumn 352, Issue 14-15, 2010, Pages 2643-2655

Use of molecular oxygen as a reoxidant in the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles via palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization/intramolecular C-S bond formation

Author keywords

benzothiazoles; C H functionalization; C S bond formation; cyclization; molecular oxygen; palladium

Indexed keywords


EID: 78349264903     PISSN: 16154150     EISSN: 16154169     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000604     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (120)

References (162)
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    • Compared to C-C, C-O, and C-X bond formation, only a few reports exist about C-N bond formation via palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization, see
    • Compared to C-C, C-O, and C-X bond formation, only a few reports exist about C-N bond formation via palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization, see
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    • Examples of C-S bond formation via catalytic C-H functionalization in the presence of transition metals are much rarer in the literature, see
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    • For the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles from N-(2-halophenyl)thiobenzamides via palladium- or copper-catalyzed C-X (X=halogen atom) functionalization followed by intramolecular S-arylation, see
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    • 2 and 50 mol% of CsF in DMSO (0.05M) at 120°C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere provided the desired product 2a in only 14% yield along with the formation of by-product 3a in 76% yield.
    • 2 and 50 mol% of CsF in DMSO (0.05M) at 120°C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere provided the desired product 2a in only 14% yield along with the formation of by-product 3a in 76% yield.
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    • 4 gave relatively lower yields.
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    • Side reactions, such as conversion of thioureas into the corresponding urea compounds, were not observed.
    • Side reactions, such as conversion of thioureas into the corresponding urea compounds, were not observed.
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    • Addition of CsF had no effect on cyclization in this case.
    • Addition of CsF had no effect on cyclization in this case.
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    • Similar domino-type synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles via C-X (X=halogen atom) functionalization using aryl isothiocyanates as starting materials has previously been reported, see
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    • D) values observed in related aromatic palladation processes, see
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    • A study of kinetic isotope effects for 2-aminobenzothiazole synthesis was also performed, which resulted in the observation of low KIE value (intramolecular: 1.2). Further investigation is necessary to reveal the precise reaction mechanism for this process. For experimental details, see Supporting Information.
    • A study of kinetic isotope effects for 2-aminobenzothiazole synthesis was also performed, which resulted in the observation of low KIE value (intramolecular: 1.2). Further investigation is necessary to reveal the precise reaction mechanism for this process. For experimental details, see Supporting Information.
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    • Sanford also reported the comparable reactivity between electron-rich arenes and electron-poor arenes (1.3:1) in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions involving σ-bond metathesis, see:
    • Sanford also reported the comparable reactivity between electron-rich arenes and electron-poor arenes (1.3:1) in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions involving σ-bond metathesis, see:, K. L. Hull, M. S. Sanford, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 9651 - 9653.
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    • In spite of the experimental results shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, both electrophilic aromatic palladation and Heck-like insertion pathways cannot be completely ruled out at present and further mechanistic studies are necessary. For example, in some cases, electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions exhibit certain KIE values, see:, - 5844 (KIE=3.1-3.9) and references cited therein.
    • In spite of the experimental results shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, both electrophilic aromatic palladation and Heck-like insertion pathways cannot be completely ruled out at present and further mechanistic studies are necessary. For example, in some cases, electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions exhibit certain KIE values, see:, X. Zhao, C. S. Yeung, V. M. Dong, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 5837 - 5844 (KIE=3.1-3.9) and references cited therein.
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    • Zhao, X.1    Yeung, C.S.2    Dong, V.M.3
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    • CsF was previously shown to have a superior effect to LiF, NaF, and KF, presumably due to its higher solubility, in Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aryl halides, see
    • CsF was previously shown to have a superior effect to LiF, NaF, and KF, presumably due to its higher solubility, in Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aryl halides, see
  • 143
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    • Use of an increased or decreased amount of CsF, instead of 50 mol%, gave relatively lower yields. For details, see Supporting Information.
    • Use of an increased or decreased amount of CsF, instead of 50 mol%, gave relatively lower yields. For details, see Supporting Information.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.