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Volumn 131, Issue 28, 2009, Pages 9651-9653

Mechanism of benzoquinone-promoted palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZO[H]QUINOLINE; BENZOQUINONE; CHEMICAL EQUATIONS; CHEMO-SELECTIVITY; CROSS COUPLING REACTIONS; CROSS-COUPLING; ELECTRONIC EFFECTS; H/D EXCHANGE; KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS; MECHANISTIC STUDIES; RATIONAL TUNING; REACTION CONDITIONS;

EID: 67650495369     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja901952h     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (220)

References (42)
  • 2
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    • and references therein
    • Li, C. J. Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 335, and references therein.
    • (2009) Acc. Chem. Res , vol.42 , pp. 335
    • Li, C.J.1
  • 7
    • 85067385879 scopus 로고
    • For stoichiometric Pd-mediated oxidative cross-coupling, see: a
    • For stoichiometric Pd-mediated oxidative cross-coupling, see: (a) Itahara, T. Synthesis 1979, 151.
    • (1979) Synthesis , pp. 151
    • Itahara, T.1
  • 21
    • 68549092330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The assumption that C-C coupling from D is fast is based on (1) calculations and experiments showing that coordination of BQ to Pd II(R)2 complexes dramatically lowers the barrier for C-C bond-forming reductive elimination and (2) the fact that observable Pd II(BQ) complexes are extremely rare in the literature (see ref 12c, presumably because they are highly reactive towards reductive elimination. See: (a) Pérez-Rodríguez, M, Braga, A. A. C, Garcia-Melchor, M, Pérez-Temprano, M. H, Casares, J. A, Ujaque, G, de Lera, A. R, Alvarez, R, Maseras, F, Espinet, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3650
    • II(BQ) complexes are extremely rare in the literature (see ref 12c), presumably because they are highly reactive towards reductive elimination. See: (a) Pérez-Rodríguez, M.; Braga, A. A. C.; Garcia-Melchor, M.; Pérez-Temprano, M. H.; Casares, J. A.; Ujaque, G.; de Lera, A. R.; Alvarez, R.; Maseras, F.; Espinet, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3650.
  • 23
    • 67650360815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DMSO (4 equiv) was added in each of the mechanistic experiments for consistency with the catalytic reactions (ref 6). Order studies revealed that the reaction is zeroth-order with respect to this additive (see the Supporting Information for details).
    • DMSO (4 equiv) was added in each of the mechanistic experiments for consistency with the catalytic reactions (ref 6). Order studies revealed that the reaction is zeroth-order with respect to this additive (see the Supporting Information for details).
  • 24
    • 67650354612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The control reaction in the absence of Pd showed <1% D incorporation.
    • The control reaction in the absence of Pd showed <1% D incorporation.
  • 25
    • 0001412629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BQ-promoted reductive elimination at PdII is well-precedented. For examples, see ref 9 and: (a) Temple, J. S, Riediker, M, Schwartz, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1310
    • II is well-precedented. For examples, see ref 9 and: (a) Temple, J. S.; Riediker, M.; Schwartz, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1310.
  • 30
    • 67650369590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the crude reaction mixture did not show the presence of any hydroquinone, suggesting that the BQ plays a non-redox role in this transformation. The major Pd-containing product appears to be Pd black, which precipitates from solution over the course of the C-C coupling
    • Analysis of the crude reaction mixture did not show the presence of any hydroquinone, suggesting that the BQ plays a non-redox role in this transformation. The major Pd-containing product appears to be Pd black, which precipitates from solution over the course of the C-C coupling.
  • 41
    • 26444441381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For calculations describing a related mechanism, see
    • For calculations describing a related mechanism, see: Davies, D. L.; Donald, S. M. A.; Macgregor, S. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 13754.
    • (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.127 , pp. 13754
    • Davies, D.L.1    Donald, S.M.A.2    Macgregor, S.A.3
  • 42
    • 67650357415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similar effects were observed in the catalytic reaction (using AgOAc as a stoichiometric oxidant). With 0.25 equiv of BQ, 10/9 = 1.45:1, while with 25 equiv of BQ, 10/9 = 1:1.2. This suggests that these stoichiometric mechanistic studies are relevant and applicable to the catalytic transformation.
    • Similar effects were observed in the catalytic reaction (using AgOAc as a stoichiometric oxidant). With 0.25 equiv of BQ, 10/9 = 1.45:1, while with 25 equiv of BQ, 10/9 = 1:1.2. This suggests that these stoichiometric mechanistic studies are relevant and applicable to the catalytic transformation.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.