Cationic polymer optimization for efficient gene delivery

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 108-125

  Sun, Xiaoli ^a   Zhang, Na ^a  

^a SHANDONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Cationic polymer; Gene delivery; Optimization; Polyplexes

Indexed keywords

AMINE; BIOMATERIAL; CATIONIC POLYMER; CHITOSAN; DENDRIMER; MACROGOL; METHACRYLIC ACID; POLYAMIDOAMINE; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; POLYLYSINE; POLYMER; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; THIOL DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CATION; MACROGOL DERIVATIVE; PAMAM STARBURST;

ARTICLE; BIODEGRADATION; CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION; CROSS LINKING; CYTOTOXICITY; DISULFIDE BOND; ENDOSOME; GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; HYDROLYSIS; HYDROPHOBICITY; METHYLATION; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; POLYMERIZATION; STATIC ELECTRICITY; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; SURFACE CHARGE; CHEMISTRY; GENE TRANSFER; REVIEW;

CATIONS; CHITOSAN; DENDRIMERS; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS; POLYETHYLENEIMINE; POLYLYSINE; POLYMERS; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP;

EID: 77954694217     PISSN: 13895575     EISSN: 18755607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138955710791185109     Document Type: Article

References (134)

1. Zhdanov, R.I.; Podobed, O.V.; Vlassov, V.V. Cationic lipid-DNA complexes-lipoplexes-for gene transfer and therapy. Bioelectrochemistry, 2002, 58, 53-64.
2. Guo, X.D.; Tandiono, F.; Wiradharma, N.; Khor, D.; Tan, C.G.; Khan, M.; Qian, Y.; Yang, Y.Y. Cationic micelles selfassembled from cholesterol-conjugated oligopeptides as an efficient gene delivery vector. Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 4838-46.
3. Pack, D.W.; Hoffman, A.S.; Pun, S.; Stayton, P.S. Design and development of polymers for gene delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2005, 4, 581-93.
4. Kabanov, A.V. Taking polycation gene delivery systems from in vitro to in vivo. Pharm. Sci. Technolo Today., 1999, 2, 365-372.
5. Maruyama, A.; Ishihara, T. Design of multi-layered nanoparticles as a DNA carrier. Colloids and Surfaces A., 1999, 153: 439-443.
6. Martin, M.E.; Rice, K.G. Peptide-guided gene delivery. AAPS J., 2007, 9, E18-29.
7. Morille, M.; Passirani, C.; Vonarbourg, A.; Clavreul, A.; Benoit, J.P. Progress in developing cationic vectors for non-viral systemic gene therapy against cancer. Biomaterial., 2008, 29, 3477-96.
8. Stanić, V.; Arntz, Y.; Richard, D.; Affolter, C.; Nguyen, I.; Crucifix, C.; Schultz, P.; Baehr, C.; Frisch, B.; Ogier, J. Filamentous condensation of DNA induced by pegylated poly-Llysine and transfection efficiency. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9, 2048-55.
9. Xiong, M.P.; Bae, Y.; Fukushima, S.; Forrest, M.L.; Nishiyama, N.; Kataoka, K.; Kwon, G.S. pH-responsive Multi-PEGylated dual cationic nanoparticles enable charge modulations for safe gene delivery. Chem. Med. Chem., 2007, 2, 1321-7.
10. Agarwal, A.; Saraf, S.; Asthana, A.; Gupta, U.; Gajbhiye, V.; Jain, N.K. Ligand based dendritic systems for tumor targeting. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 350, 3-13.
11. Schaffert, D.; Wagner, E. Gene therapy progress and prospects: synthetic polymer-based systems. Gene Ther., 2008, 15, 1131-8.
12. Boussif, O.; Zanta, M.A.; Behr, J.P. Optimized galenics improve in vitro gene transfer with cationic molecules up to1000-fold. Gene Ther., 1996, 3, 1074-80.
13. Brissault, B.; Kichler, A.; Guis, C.; Leborgne, C.; Danos, O.; Cheradame, H. Synthesis of linear polyethylenimine derivatives for DNA transfection. Bioconjug. Chem., 2003, 14, 581-7.
14. Neu, M.; Fischer, D.; Kissel, T. Recent advances in rational gene transfer vector design based on poly (ethylene imine) and its derivatives. J. Gene Med., 2005, 7, 992-1009.
15. Boussif, O.; Lezoualch, F.; Zanta, M.A.; Mergny, M.D.; Scherman, D.; Demeneix, B.; Behr, J.P. A versatile vector for gene and oligonucleotide transfer into cells in culture and in vivo: polyethylenimine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1995, 92, 7297-301.
16. Forrest, M.L.; Koerber, J.T.; Pack, D.W. A degradable polyethylenimine derivative with low toxicity for high efficient gene delivery. Bioconjug. Chem., 2003, 14, 934-940.
17. Akinc, A.; Thomas, M.; Klibanov, A.M.; Langer, R. Exploring polyethylenimine-mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis. J. Gene. Med., 2005, 7, 657-663.
18. Sonawane, N.D.; Szoka, F.C. Jr.; Verkman, A.S. Chloride accumulation and swelling in endosomes enhances DNA transfer by polyamine-DNA polyplexes. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 44826-31.
19. Okuda, T.; Sugiyama, A.; Niidome, T.; Aoyagi, H. Characters of dendritic poly(l-lysine) analogues with the terminal lysines replaced with arginines and histidines as gene carriers in vitro. Biomaterials, 2004, 25, 537-44.
20. Nam, H.Y.; Hahn, H.J.; Nam, K.; Choi, W.H.; Jeong, Y.; Kim, D.E.; Park, J.S. Evaluation of generations 2, 3 and 4 arginine modified PAMAM dendrimers for gene delivery. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 363, 199-205.
21. Blagbrough, I.S.; Adjimatera, N.; Ahmed, O.A.A.; Neal, A.P.; Pourzand, C. Spermine and Lipopolyamines as Gene Delivery Agents. Society of Chemical Industry, 2004
22. Pathak, A.; Aggarwal, A.; Kurupati, R.K.; Patnaik, S.; Swami, A.; Singh, Y.; Kumar, P.; Vyas, S.P.; Gupta, K.C. Engineered Polyallylamine Nanoparticles for Efficient In Vitro Transfection. Pharm. Res., 2007, 24, 1427-40.
23. Behr, J.-P. The proton sponge: a trick to enter cells the viruses did not exploit. Chimia, 1997, 51, 34-36.
24. Godbey, W.T.; Wu, K.K.; Mikos, A.G.; Mikos, A.G. Polyethylenimine and its role in gene delivery. J. Control Release, 1999, 60, 149-60.
25. Kwoh, D.Y.; Coffin, C.C.; Lollo, C.P.; Jovenal, J.; Banaszczyk, M.G.; Mullen, P.; Phillips, A.; Amini, A.; Fabrycki, J.; Bartholomew, R.M.; Brostoff, S.W.; Carlo, D.J. Stabilization of poly-l-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1999, 1444, 171-90.
26. Golan, R.; Pietrasanta, L.I.; Hsieh W.; Hansma, H.G. DNA Toroids: Stages in Condensation. Biochemistry, 1999, 38, 14069-76.
27. Cotten, M., Wagner, E.; Birnstiel, M.L. Receptor mediated transport of DNA into eukaryotic cells. Meth. Enz., 1993, 217, 618-644.
28. Yu, L.; Nielsen, M.; Han, S.O.; Wan, Kim, S. Terplex DNA gene carrier system targeting artery wall cells. J. Control Release, 2001, 72, 179-89.
29. Matsumoto, S.; Christie, R.J.; Nishiyama, N.; Miyata, K.; Ishii, A.; Oba, M.; Koyama, H.; Yamasaki, Y.; Kataoka, K. Environment-responsive block copolymer micelles with a disulfide cross-linked core for enhanced siRNA delivery. Biomacromolecules., 2009, 10, 119-27.
30. Midoux, P.; Monsigny, M. Efficient gene transfer by histidylated polylysine/pDNA complexes. Bioconjug. Chem., 1999, 10, 406-11.
31. Hejazi, R.; Amiji, M. Chitosan-based gastrointestinal delivery systems. J. Control Release, 2003, 89, 151-65.
32. Bowman, K.; Leong, K.W. Chitosan nanoparticles for oral drug and gene Delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine, 2006, 1, 117-28.
33. Pietersz, G.A.; Tang, C.K.; Apostolopoulos, V. Structure and design of polycationic carriers for gene delivery. Mini. Rev. Med. Chem., 2006, 6, 1285-98.
34. Tomalia, D.A. Birth of a new macromolecular architecture: dendrimers as quantized building blocks for nanoscale synthetic organic chemistry. Prog. Polym. Sci., 2004, 37, 294-324.
35. Haensler, J.; Szoka, F.C. Jr. Polyamidoamine cascade polymers mediate efficient transfection of cells in culture. Bioconjug. Chem., 1993, 4, 372-9.
36. Duncan, R.L; Izzo, L. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2005, 57, 2215-37.
37. Svenson, S.; Tomalia, D.A. Dendrimers in biomedical applications-reflections on the field. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2005, 57, 2106-29.
38. Kitchens, K.M.; El-Sayed, M.E.; Ghandehari, H. Transepithelial and endothelial transport of poly (amidoamine) dendrimers. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2005, 57, 2163-76.
39. Jansen, J.F.; de Brabander-van den Berg, E.M.; Meijer, E.W. Encapsulation of guest molecules into a dendritic box. Science., 1994, 266, 1226-1229.
40. Godbey, W.T.; Wu, K.K.; Mikos, A.G. Size matters: molecular weight affects the efficiency of poly(ethyleneimine) as a gene delivery vehicle. J. Biomed. Mater Res., 1999, 45, 268-75.
41. Park, T.G.; Jeong, J.H.; Kim, S.W. Current status of polymeric gene delivery systems. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2006, 58, 467-86.
42. Knorr, V.; Rus, V.; Allmendinger, L.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E. Acetal linked oligoethylenimines for use as pH-sensitive gene carriers. Bioconjug. Chem., 2008, 19, 1625-34.
43. Werth, S.; Urban-Klein, B.; Dai, L.; Höbel, S.; Grzelinski, M.; Bakowsky, U.; Czubayko, F.; Aigner, A. A low molecular weight fraction of polyethylenimine (PEI) displays increased transfection efficiency of DNA and siRNA in fresh or lyophilized complexes. J. Control Release, 2006, 112, 257-70.
44. Höbel, S.; Prinz, R.; Malek, A.; Urban-Klein, B.; Sitterberg, J.; Bakowsky, U.; Czubayko, F.; Aigner, A. Polyethylenimine PEI F25-LMW allows the long-term storage of frozen complexes as fully active reagents in siRNA-mediated gene targeting and DNA delivery. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2008, 70, 29-41.
45. Nafee, N.; Schneider, M.; Lehr, C.-M. Charge modification of pharmaceutical nanocarriers: biological implications. Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers, 2008, 4, 337-362.
46. Jeong, J.H.; Song, S.H.; Lim, D.W.; Lee, H.; Park, T.G. DNA transfection using linear poly(ethylenimine) prepared by controlled acid hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). J. Control Release, 2001, 73, 391-9.
47. Gabrielson, N.P.; Pack, D.W. Acetylation of polyethylenimine enhances gene delivery via weakened polymer/DNA interactions. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7, 2427-35.
48. Forrest, M.L.; Meister, G.E.; Koerber, J.T.; Pack, D.W. Partial acetylation of polyethylenimine enhances in vitro gene delivery. Pharm. Res., 2004, 21, 365-71.
49. Thomas, M.; Klibanov, A.M. Enhancing polyethylenimine's delivery of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 14640-5.
50. Waite, C.L.; Sparks, S.M.; Uhrich, K.E.; Roth, C.M. Acetylation of PAMAM dendrimers for cellular delivery of siRNA. BMC. Biotechnol., 2009, 9, 38.
51. Patil, M.L.; Zhang, M.; Betigeri, S.; Taratula, O.; He, H.; Minko, T. Surface-modified and internally cationic polyamidoamine dendrimers for efficient sirna delivery. Bioconju. Chem., 2008, 19, 1396-1403.
52. Gao, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Chen, L.; Gu, W.; Li, Y. Chitosan Nbetainates/ DNA self-assembly nanoparticles for gene delivery: In vitro uptake and transfection efficiency. Int. J. Pharm., 2009, 371, 156-62.
53. Kean, T.; Roth, S.; Thanou, M. Trimethylated chitosans as nonviral gene delivery vectors: cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency. J. Control Release, 2005, 103, 643-53.
54. Dang, J.M.; Leong, K.W. Natural polymers for gene delivery and tissue engineering. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2006, 58, 487-99.
55. Neu, M.; Sitterberg, J.; Bakowsky, U.; Kissel, T. Stabilized nanocarriers for plasmids based upon cross-linked poly(ethylene imine). Biomacromolecules., 2006,7, 3428-38.
56. Peng, Q.; Hu, C.; Cheng, J.; Zhong, Z.; Zhuo, R. Influence of disulfide density and molecular weight on disulfide cross-linked polyethylenimine as gene vectors. Bioconjug. Chem., 2009, 20, 340-6.
57. Forrest, M.L.; Koerber, J.T.; Pack, D.W. A degradable polyethylenimine derivative with low toxicity for highly efficient gene delivery. Bioconjug. Chem., 2003, 14, 934-40.
58. Wen, Y.; Pan, S.; Luo, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, W.; Feng, M. A biodegradable low molecular weight polyethylenimine derivative as low toxicity and efficient gene vector. Bioconjug. Chem., 2009, 20, 322-32.
59. Wightman, L.; Kircheis, R.; Rössler, V.; Carotta, S.; Ruzicka, R.; Kursa, M.; Wagner, E. Different behavior of branched and linear polyethylenimine for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. J. Gene Med., 2001, 3, 362-72.
60. Wiseman, J.W.; Goddard, C.A.; McLelland, D.; Colledge, W.H. A comparison of linear and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) with DCChol/DOPE liposomes for gene delivery to epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther., 2003, 10, 1654-62.
61. Pooley, S.A.; Canessa1, G.S.; Rivas, B.L.; Espejo, E. Copolymers of ethylene imine and n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylene imine as tools to study effects of polymer structure on physicochemical and biological properties of DNA complexes. Polymer. Bulletin., 1995, 35, 271-227.
62. Gebhart, C.L.; Kabanov, A.V. Evaluation of polyplexes as gene transfer agents. J. Control Release, 2001, 73, 401-16.
63. Tang, M.X.; Redemann, C.T.; Szoka, F.C. Jr. In vitro gene delivery by degraded polyamidoamine dendrimers. Bioconjug. Chem., 1996, 7, 703-14.
64. Ding, J.J.; Guo, C.Y.; Cai, Q.L.; Lin, Y.H.; Wang, H. In vivo expression of green fluorescent protein gene and immunogenicity of ES312 vaccine both mediated by starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers. Zhongguo. Yi Xue. Ke Xue. Yuan Xue Bao., 2005, 27, 499-503.
65. Gosselin, M.A.; Guo, W.; Lee, R.J. Efficient gene transfer using reversibly cross-linked low molecular weight polyethylenimine. Bioconjug. Chem., 2001, 12, 989-94.
66. Peng, Q.; Zhong, Z.; Zhuo, R. Disulfide cross-linked polyethylenimines (PEI) prepared via thiolation of low molecular weight PEI as highly efficient gene vectors. Bioconjug. Chem., 2008, 19, 499-506.
67. Yu, H.; Wagner, E. Bioresponsive polymers for nonviral gene delivery. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther., 2009, 11, 165-78.
68. Kloeckner, J.; Wagner, E.; Ogris, M. Degradable gene carriers based on oligomerized polyamines. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2006, 29, 414-25.
69. Kakizawa Y.; Harada, A.; Kataoka, K. Glutathione-sensitive stabilization of block copolymer micelles composed of antisense DNA and thiolated poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine): a potential carrier for systemic delivery of antisense DNA. Biomacromolecules, 2001, 2, 491-7.
70. Oupický, D.; Carlisle, R.C.; Seymour, L.W. Triggered intracellular activation of disulfide crosslinked polyelectrolyte gene delivery complexes with extended systemic circulation in vivo. Gene Ther., 2001, 8, 713-24.
71. Bernkop-Schnürch, A.; Kast, C.E.; Guggi, D. Permeation enhancing polymers in oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules: thiomer/GSH systems. J. Control Release, 2003, 93, 95-103.
72. Lee, D.; Zhang, W.; Shirley, S.A.; Kong, X.; Hellermann, G.R.; Lockey, R.F.; Mohapatra, S.S. Thiolated chitosan/DNA nanocomplexes exhibit enhanced and sustained gene delivery. Pharm. Res., 2007, 24, 157-67.
73. Wang, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Hu, Q.; Shen, J. Construction of caged polyplexes with a reversible intracellular unpacking property to improve stability and transfection. Acta. Biomater., 2008, 4,: 1235-43.
74. Kim, Y.H.; Park, J.H.; Lee, M.; Kim, Y.H.; Park, T.G.; Kim, S.W. Polyethylenimine with acid-labile linkages as a biodegradable gene carrier. J. Control Release, 2005, 103, 209-19.
75. Knorr, V.; Russ, V.; Allmendinger, L.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E.; Acetal linked oligoethylenimines for use as pH-sensitive gene carriers. Bioconjug. Chem., 2008, 19, 1625-1634.
76. Knorr, V.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E. An acid sensitive ketal-based polyethylene glycol-oligoethylenimine copolymer mediates improved transfection efficiency at reduced toxicity. Pharm. Res., 2008, 25, 2937-2945.
77. Chae, S.Y.; Son, S.; Lee, M.; Jang, M.K.; Nah, J.W. Deoxycholic acid-conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles for efficient gene carrier. J. Control Release, 2005, 109, 330-44.
78. Hu, F.; Zhao, M.; Yuan, H.; You, J.; Du, Y.; Zeng, S. A novel chitosan oligosaccharide-stearic acid micelles for gene delivery: properties and in vitro transfection studies. Int. J. Pharm., 2006, 315, 158-66.
79. Liu, W.G.; Zhang, X.; Sun, S.J.; Sun, G.J.; Yao, K.D.; Liang, D.C.; Guo, G.; Zhang, J.Y. N-alkylated chitosan as a potential nonviral vector for gene transfection. Bioconjug. Chem., 2003, 14, 782-9.
80. Yoo, H.S.; Lee, J.E.; Chung, H.; Kwon, I.C.; Jeong, S.Y. Selfassembled nanoparticles containing hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan for gene delivery. J. Control Release, 2005, 103, 235-43.
81. Gao, S.; Chen, J.; Xu, X.; Ding, Z.; Yang, Y.H.; Hua, Z.; Zhang, J. Galactosylated low molecular weight chitosan as DNA carrier for hepatocyte-targeting. Int. J. Pharm., 2003, 255, 57-68.
82. Oskuee, R.K.; Dehshahri, A.; Shier, W.T.; Ramezani, M. Alkylcarboxylate grafting to polyethylenimine: a simple approach to producing a DNA nanocarrier with low toxicity. J. Gene. Med., 2009, 11, 921-32.
83. Doody, A.M.; Korley, J.N.; Dang, K.P.; Zawaneh, P.N.; Putnam, D. Characterizing the structure/function parameter space of hydrocarbon-conjugated branched polyethylenimine for DNA delivery in vitro. J. Control Release, 2006, 116, 227-37.
84. Aravindan, L.; Bicknell, K.A.; Brooks, G.; Khutoryanskiy, V.V.; Williams, A.C. Effect of acyl chain length on transfection efficiency and toxicity of Polyethylenimine. Int. J. Pharm., 2009, 378, 201-10.
85. Nimesh S.; Aggarwal, A.; Kumar, P.; Singh, Y.; Gupta, K.C.; Chandra, R.; Influence of acyl chain length on transfection mediated by acylated PEI nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 337, 265-74.
86. Dehshahri, A.; Oskuee, R.K.; Shier, W.T.; Hatef, A.; Ramezani, M. Gene transfer efficiency of high primary amine content, hydrophobic, alkyl-oligoamine derivatives of polyethylenimine. Biomaterials, 2009, 30, 4187-94.
87. Zhang, J.T.; Lynn, D.M. Ultrathin multilayered films assembled from "charge-shifting" cationic polymers: extended, long-term release of plasmid dna from surfaces. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19, 4218-4223.
88. Liu, X.; Yang, J.W.; Lynn, D.M. Addition of "charge-shifting" side chains to linear poly (ethylene mine) enhances cell transfection efficiency. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9, 2063-71.
89. Pichon, C.; Gonçalves, C.; Midoux, P. Histidine-rich peptides and polymers for nucleic acids delivery. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2001, 53, 75-94.
90. Luten, J.; van Nostrum, C.F.; De Smedt, S.C.; Hennink, W.E. Biodegradable polymers as non-viral carriers for plasmid DNA delivery. J. Control Release, 2008, 126, 97-110.
91. Benns, J.M.; Choi, J.S.; Mahato, R.I.; Park, J.S.; Kim, S.W. pHsensitive cationic polymer gene delivery vehicle: N-Ac-poly(Lhistidine)-graft-poly(L-lysine) comb shaped polymer. Bioconjug. Chem., 2000, 11, 637-45.
92. Thomas, M.; Lu, J.J.; Ge, Q.; Zhang, C.; Chen, J.; Klibanov, A.M. Full deacylation of polyethenimine dramatically boosts its gene delivery efficiency and specificity to mouse lung. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 5679-84.
93. Russ, V.; Elfberg, H.; Thoma, C.; Kloeckner, J.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E. Novel degradable oligoethylenimine acrylate esterbased pseudodendrimers for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer. Gene Ther., 2008, 15,18-29.
94. Germershaus, O.; Mao, S.; Sitterberg, J.; Bakowsky, U.; Kissel, T. Gene delivery using chitosan, trimethyl chitosan or polyethylenglycol-graft-trimethyl chitosan block copolymers: Establishment of structure-activity relationships in vitro. J. Control Release, 2008, 125, 145-54.
95. Lungwitz, U.; Breunig, M.; Blunk, T.; Göpferich, A. Polyethylenimine-based non-viral gene delivery systems. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2005, 60, 247-66.
96. Petersen, H.; Fechner, P.M.; Martin, A.L.; Kunath, K.; Stolnik, S.; Roberts, C.J.; Fischer, D.; Davies, M.C.; Kissel, T. Polyethylenimine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers: influence of copolymer block structure on DNA complexation and biological activities as gene delivery system. Bioconjug. Chem., 2002, 13, 845-54.
97. Glodde, M.; Sirsi, S.R.; Lutz, G.J. Physiochemical properties of low and high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted poly(ethylene imine)copolymers and their complexes with oligonucleotides. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7, 347-56.
98. Tang, G.P.; Zeng, J.M.; Gao, S.J; Ma, Y.X; Shi, L.; Li, Y.; Too, H.P.; Wang, S. Polyethylene glycol modified polyethylenimine for improved CNS gene transfer: effects of PEGylation extent. Biomaterials, 2003, 24, 2351-62.
99. Petersen, H.; Fechner, P.M.; Martin, A.L.; Kunath, K.; Stolnik, S.; Roberts, C.J.; Fischer, D.; Davies, M.C.; Kissel, T. Polyethylenimine graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers: influence of copolymer block structure on DNA complexation and biological activities as gene delivery system. Bioconjug. Chem., 2002, 13, 845-54.
100. Wolfert, M.A.; Dash, P.R.; Nazarova, O.; Oupicky, D.; Seymour, L.W.; Smart, S.; Strohalm, J.; Ulbrich, K. Polyelectrolyte vectors for gene delivery: influence of cationic polymer on biophysical properties of complexes formed with DNA. Bioconjug. Chem., 1999, 10, 993-1004.
101. Männistö, M.; Vanderkerken, S.; Toncheva, V.; Elomaa, M.; Ruponen, M.; Schacht, E. Urtti A Structure-activity relationships of poly (L-lysines): effects of pegylation and molecular shape on physicochemical and biological properties in gene delivery. J. Control Release, 2002, 83, 169-82.
102. Von Gersdorff, K.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E. Cryoconserved shielded and EGF receptor targeted DNA polyplexes: cellular mechanisms. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2005, 60, 279-85.
103. Walker, G.F.; Fella, C.; Pelisek, J.; Fahrmeir, J.; Boeckle, S.; Ogris, M.; Wagner, E. Toward synthetic viruses: endosomal pHtriggered deshielding of targeted polyplexes greatly enhances gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Ther., 2005, 11, 418-25.
104. Knorr, V.; Allmendinger, L.; Walker, G.F.; Paintner, F.F.; Wagner, E. An acetal-based PEGylation reagent for pH-sensitive shielding of DNA polyplexes. Bioconjug. Chem., 2007, 18, 1218-25.
105. Wattendorf, U.; Merkle, H.P. PEGylation as a tool for the biomedical engineering of surface modified microparticles. J. Pharm. Sci., 2008, 97, 4655-69.
106. Midoux, P.; Breuzard, G.; Gomez, J.P.; Pichon, C. Polymerbased gene delivery: A current review on the uptake and intracellular trafficking of polyplexes. Curr. Gene. Ther., 2008, 8, 335-52.
107. Müller, M.; Vörös, J.; Csúcs, G.; Walter, E.; Danuser, G.; Merkle, H.P.; Spencer, N.D.; Textor, M. Surface modification of PLGA microspheres. J. Biomed. Mater Res. A., 2003, 66, 55-61.
108. Kunath, K.; Merdan, T.; Hegener, O.; Häberlein, H.; Kissel, T. Integrin targeting using RGD-PEI conjugates for in vitro gene transfer. J. Gene Med., 2003, 5, 588-99.
109. Suh, W.; Han, S.O.; Yu, L.; Kim, S.W. An angiogenic, endothelial-cell-targeted polymeric gene carrier. Mol. Ther., 2002, 6, 664-72.
110. Dufresne, M.H.; Elsabahy, M.; Leroux, J.C. Characterization of polyion complex micelles designed to address the challenges of oligonucleotide delivery. Pharm. Res., 2008, 25, 2083-93.
111. Akagi, D.; Oba, M.; Koyama, H.; Nishiyama, N.; Fukushima, S.; Miyata, T.; Nagawa, H.; Kataoka, K. Biocompatible micellar nanovectors achieve efficient gene transfer to vascular lesions without cytotoxicity and thrombus formation. Gene Ther., 2007, 14, 1029-38.
112. Oishi, M.; Kataoka, K.; Nagasaki, Y. pH-responsive threelayered pegylated polyplex micelle based on a lactosylated ABC triblock copolymer as a targetable and endosome-disruptive nonviral gene vector. Bioconjug. Chem., 2006, 17, 677-88.
113. Yessine, M.A.; Dufresne, M.H.; Meier, C.; Petereit, H.U.; Leroux, J.C. Proton-actuated membrane-destabilizing polyion complex micelles. Bioconjug. Chem., 2007, 18, 1010-4.
114. Kakizawa, Y.; Kataoka, K. Block copolymer micelles for delivery of gene and related compounds. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2002, 54, 203-22.
115. Zhao, Q.Q.; Chen, J.L.; Han, M.; Liang, W.Q.; Tabata, Y.; Gao, J.Q. Combination of poly(ethylenimine) and chitosan induces high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 2008, 105, 65-8.
116. Lu, B.; Xu, X.D.; Zhang, X.Z.; Cheng, S.X.; Zhuo, R.X. Low molecular weight polyethylenimine grafted N-maleated chitosan for gene delivery: properties and in vitro transfection studies. Biomacromolecules, 2008, 9, 2594-600.
117. Blum, J.S.; Saltzman, W.M. High loading efficiency and tunable release of plasmid DNA encapsulated in submicron particles fabricated from PLGA conjugated with poly-L-lysine. J. Control Release, 2008, 129, 66-72.
118. Patil, Y.; Panyam, J. Polymeric nanoparticles for siRNA delivery and gene silencing. Int. J. Pharm., 2009, 367, 195-203.
119. Gourrierec, L.L.; Giorgio, C.D.; Greiner, J.; Vierling, P. Formulation of PEG-folic acid coated nanometric DNA particles from perfluoroalkylated cationic dimerizable detergents and in vitro folate-targeted intracellular delivery. New J. Chem., 2008, 32, 2027-2042.
120. Christopher, M.; David, J.; Lynn, M. Surface-mediated delivery of DNA: Cationic polymers take charge. Curr. Opin. In., 2008, 13, 395-402.
121. Haglund, E.; Seale-Goldsmith, M.M.; Leary, J.F. Design of multifunctional nanomedical systems. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2009.
122. Jabr-Milane, L.; van Vlerken, L.; Devalapally, H.; Shenoy, D.; Komareddy, S.; Bhavsar, M.; Amiji, M. Multi-functional nanocarriers for targeted delivery of drugs and genes. J. Control Release, 2008, 130, 121-8.
123. Magadala, P.; van Vlerken, L.E.; Shahiwala, A.; Amiji, M.M. Multifunctional polymeric nanosystems for tumor-targeted delivery. Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers, 2008
124. Moffatt, S.; Wiehle, S.; Cristiano, R.J. A multifunctional PEIbased cationic polyplex for enhanced systemic p53-mediated gene therapy. Gene Ther., 2006, 13, 1512-23.
125. Medarova, Z.; Kumar, M.; Ng, S.W.; Yang, J.; Barteneva, N.; Evgenov, N.V.; Petkova, V.; Moore, A. Multifunctional magnetic nanocarriers for image-tagged sirna delivery to intact pancreatic islets. Transplantation, 2008, 86, 1170-7.
126. Antonietti, M.; Forster, S. Vesicles and liposomes: a selfassembly principle beyond lipids. Ad Mate., 2003, 15, 1323-1333.
127. Discher, D.E.; Eisenberg, A. Polymer Vesicles. Science, 2002, 297, 967-73.
128. Lee, J.C.; Bermudez, H.; Discher, B.M.; Sheehan, M.A.; Won, Y.Y.; Bates, F.S.; Discher, D.E. Preparation, stability, and in vitro performance of vesicles made with diblock copolymers. Biotechnol Bioeng, 2001, 73, 135-45.
129. Meng, F.; Engbers, G.H.; Feijen, J. Biodegradable polymersomes as a basis for artificial cells: encapsulation, release and targeting. J. Control Release, 2005, 101, 187-98.
130. Levine, D.H.; Ghoroghchian, P.P.; Freudenberg, J.; Zhang, G.; Therien, M.J.; Greene, M.I.; Hammer, D.A.; Murali, R. Polymersomes: A new multi-functional tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Methods, 2008, 46, 25-32.
131. Meng, F.; Zhong, Z.; Feijen, J. Stimuli-responsive polymersomes for programmed drug delivery. Biomacromolecules, 2009, 10, 197-209.
132. Xiang, L.; Bin, W.; Huali, J.; Wei, J.; Jiesheng, T.; Feng, G.; Ying, L. Bacterial magnetic particles (BMPs)-PEI as a novel and efficient non-viral gene delivery system. J. Gene. Med., 2007, 9, 679-90.
133. Wagner, E. Converging paths of viral and non-viral vector engineering. Mol. Ther., 2008, 16, 1-2.
134. Li, J.; Loh, X.J. Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular architectures: Syntheses, structures, and applications for drug and gene delivery. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev., 2008, 60, 1000-17.