메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 155-169

The role of thyroid hormone in the pathophysiology of heart failure: Clinical evidence

Author keywords

Heart failure; Low T3 syndrome; Thyroid hormones

Indexed keywords

LIOTHYRONINE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; THYROID HORMONE;

EID: 76849089510     PISSN: 13824147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-008-9126-6     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (106)

References (144)
  • 1
    • 0037883399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart failure
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMra021498
    • Jessup M, Brozena S (2003) Heart failure. N Engl J Med 348:2007-2018. doi:10.1056/NEJMra021498
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2007-2018
    • Jessup, M.1    Brozena, S.2
  • 2
    • 0035821279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of chronic heart failure
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00385-4
    • Francis GS (2001) Pathophysiology of chronic heart failure. Am J Med 110(Suppl 7A):37S-46S. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(98) 00385-4
    • (2001) Am J Med , vol.110 , Issue.SUPPL. 7A
    • Francis, G.S.1
  • 3
    • 0033621141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and models in heart failure-a combinatorial approach
    • Mann DL (1999) Mechanisms and models in heart failure-a combinatorial approach. Circulation 100:999-1008
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 999-1008
    • Mann, D.L.1
  • 4
    • 0026695294 scopus 로고
    • The neurohormonal hypothesis: A theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure
    • Packer M (1992) The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure. Am J Cardiol 20:248-254
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 248-254
    • Packer, M.1
  • 5
    • 4444256649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: Prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam Study
    • doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.06.038
    • Bleumink GS, Knetsch AM, Sturkenboom MC et al (2004) Quantifying the heart failure epidemic: prevalence, incidence rate, lifetime risk and prognosis of heart failure The Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J 25:1614-1619. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004. 06.038
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 1614-1619
    • Bleumink, G.S.1    Knetsch, A.M.2    Sturkenboom, M.C.3
  • 6
    • 0035864975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Klein I, Ojamaa K (2004) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 244:501-507
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.244 , pp. 501-507
    • Klein, I.1    Ojamaa, K.2
  • 7
    • 23744445796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action in the heart
    • doi:10.1210/er.2003-0033
    • Kahaly GJ, Dillmann WH (2005) Thyroid hormone action in the heart. Endocr Rev 26:704-728. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0033
    • (2005) Endocr Rev , vol.26 , pp. 704-728
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Dillmann, W.H.2
  • 8
    • 35148895083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and the heart
    • doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678326
    • Klein I, Danzi S (2007) Thyroid disease and the heart. Circulation 116:1725-1735. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106. 678326
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 1725-1735
    • Klein, I.1    Danzi, S.2
  • 9
    • 34547190240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between increased mortality and mild thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients
    • doi:10.1001/archinte.167.14.1526
    • Iervasi G, Molinaro S, Landi P et al (2007) Association between increased mortality and mild thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients. Arch Intern Med 167:1526-1532. doi:10.1001/archinte. 167.14.1526
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 1526-1532
    • Iervasi, G.1    Molinaro, S.2    Landi, P.3
  • 10
    • 0025350652 scopus 로고
    • Altered thyroid hormone metabolism in advanced heart failure
    • Hamilton MA, Stevenson LW, Luu M et al (1990) Altered thyroid hormone metabolism in advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 16:91-95
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.16 , pp. 91-95
    • Hamilton, M.A.1    Stevenson, L.W.2    Luu, M.3
  • 11
    • 0036018278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure: The low triiodothyronine state
    • doi:10.1089/105072502760143908
    • Ascheim DD, Hryniewicz K (2002) Thyroid hormone metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure: the low triiodothyronine state. Thyroid 12:511-515. doi:10.1089/10507 2502760143908
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 511-515
    • Ascheim, D.D.1    Hryniewicz, K.2
  • 12
    • 0347927612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-T3 syndrome-a strong prognostic predictor of death in patients with heart disease
    • doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000048124.64204.3F
    • Iervasi G, Pingitore A, Landi P et al (2003) Low-T3 syndrome-a strong prognostic predictor of death in patients with heart disease. Circulation 107:708-713. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.00000 48124.64204.3F
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 708-713
    • Iervasi, G.1    Pingitore, A.2    Landi, P.3
  • 13
    • 13444287756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure
    • doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.052
    • Pingitore A, Landi P, Taddei MC et al (2005) Triiodothyronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Med 118:132-136. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.052
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 132-136
    • Pingitore, A.1    Landi, P.2    Taddei, M.C.3
  • 14
    • 0029827433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sick euthyroid syndrome in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure
    • Opasich C, Pacini F, Ambrosino N et al (1996) Sick euthyroid syndrome in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 17:1860-1866
    • (1996) Eur Heart J , vol.17 , pp. 1860-1866
    • Opasich, C.1    Pacini, F.2    Ambrosino, N.3
  • 15
    • 11844303498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio, echocardiographic parameters and mortality in dilated cardiomyopathy
    • doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.04.016
    • Kozdag G, Ural D, Vural A et al (2005) Relation between free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio, echocardiographic parameters and mortality in dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 7:113-118. doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2004.04.016
    • (2005) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.7 , pp. 113-118
    • Kozdag, G.1    Ural, D.2    Vural, A.3
  • 16
    • 33748101391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early activation of an altered thyroid hormone profile in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction
    • doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2006.05.009
    • Pingitore A, Iervasi G, Barison A et al (2006) Early activation of an altered thyroid hormone profile in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. J Card Fail 12:520-526. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail. 2006.05.009
    • (2006) J Card Fail , vol.12 , pp. 520-526
    • Pingitore, A.1    Iervasi, G.2    Barison, A.3
  • 17
    • 0025366287 scopus 로고
    • Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine in humans by mental analysis
    • Pilo A, Iervasi G, Vitek F et al (1990) Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine in humans by mental analysis. Am J Physiol 258:E715-E726
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.258
    • Pilo, A.1    Iervasi, G.2    Vitek, F.3
  • 18
    • 0034964207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action
    • Yen PM (2001) Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev 81:1097-1142
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1097-1142
    • Yen, P.M.1
  • 19
    • 0036191639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
    • doi: 10.1210/er.23.1.38
    • Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B et al (2002) Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 23:38-89. doi: 10.1210/er.23.1.38
    • (2002) Endocr Rev , vol.23 , pp. 38-89
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Salvatore, D.2    Gereben, B.3
  • 20
    • 0029779886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake of thyroid hormones in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes
    • doi:10.1210/en.137.10.4235
    • Everts ME, Verhoeven FA, Bezstarosti K et al (1996) Uptake of thyroid hormones in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Endocrinology 137:4235-4242. doi:10.1210/en.137.10.4235
    • (1996) Endocrinology , vol.137 , pp. 4235-4242
    • Everts, M.E.1    Verhoeven, F.A.2    Bezstarosti, K.3
  • 21
    • 0034548882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of iodothyronine 50-monodeiodinase activities in normal and pathological tissues in man and their comparison with activities in rat tissues
    • doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00929-932
    • Sabatino L, Iervasi G, Ferrazzi P et al (2000) A study of iodothyronine 50-monodeiodinase activities in normal and pathological tissues in man and their comparison with activities in rat tissues. Life Sci 68:191-202. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205 (00)00929-932
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.68 , pp. 191-202
    • Sabatino, L.1    Iervasi, G.2    Ferrazzi, P.3
  • 22
    • 0036287132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of thyroid hormone-degrading deiodinase in cardiac hypertrophy and failure
    • doi:10.1210/en.143.7.2812
    • Wassen FW, Schiel AE, Kuiper GG et al (2002) Induction of thyroid hormone-degrading deiodinase in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Endocrinology 143:2812-2815. doi:10.1210/en.143. 7.2812
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 2812-2815
    • Wassen, F.W.1    Schiel, A.E.2    Kuiper, G.G.3
  • 23
    • 39449088036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor induces local thyroid hormone inactivation during hypoxic-ischemic disease in rats
    • Simonides WS, Mulcahey MA, Redout EM et al (2008) Hypoxia-inducible factor induces local thyroid hormone inactivation during hypoxic-ischemic disease in rats. J Clin Invest 118:975-983
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 975-983
    • Simonides, W.S.1    Mulcahey, M.A.2    Redout, E.M.3
  • 24
    • 0028782187 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199409293311306
    • Brent GA (1994) The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. N Engl J Med 31:847-853. doi:10.1056/NEJM1994 09293311306
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.31 , pp. 847-853
    • Brent, G.A.1
  • 25
    • 0036018267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart
    • doi:10.1089/105072502760143827
    • Davis PJ, Davis FB (2002) Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart. Thyroid 12:459-466. doi:10.1089/10507 2502760143827
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 459-466
    • Davis, P.J.1    Davis, F.B.2
  • 26
    • 0035143486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action in mitochondria
    • doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0260067
    • Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F, Cabello G (2001) Thyroid hormone action in mitochondria. J Mol Endocrinol 26:67-77. doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0260067
    • (2001) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.26 , pp. 67-77
    • Wrutniak-Cabello, C.1    Casas, F.2    Cabello, G.3
  • 27
    • 1242296273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor-specific nuclear and extra nuclear actions
    • doi:10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.033
    • Bassett JH, Harvey CB, Williams GR (2003) Mechanisms of thyroid hormone receptor-specific nuclear and extra nuclear actions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 213:1-11. doi:10.1016/j.mce. 2003.10.033
    • (2003) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.213 , pp. 1-11
    • Bassett, J.H.1    Harvey, C.B.2    Williams, G.R.3
  • 28
    • 0027416347 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptors: Multiple forms, multiple possibilities
    • doi:10.1210/er.14.2.184
    • Lazar MA (1993) Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities. Endocr Rev 14:184-193. doi:10.1210/er. 14.2.184
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 184-193
    • Lazar, M.A.1
  • 29
    • 0033853497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by thyroid hormone
    • doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00263-270
    • Wu Y, Koenig RJ (2000) Gene regulation by thyroid hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:207-211. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00263-270
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 207-211
    • Wu, Y.1    Koenig, R.J.2
  • 30
    • 0037428431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptor DNA binding is required for both positive and negative gene regulation
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M207264200
    • Shibusawa N, Hollenberg AN, Wondisford FE (2003) Thyroid hormone receptor DNA binding is required for both positive and negative gene regulation. J Biol Chem 278:732-738. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M207264200
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 732-738
    • Shibusawa, N.1    Hollenberg, A.N.2    Wondisford, F.E.3
  • 31
    • 85047693924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action: A binding contract
    • Lazar MA (2003) Thyroid hormone action: a binding contract. J Clin Invest 112:497-499
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , pp. 497-499
    • Lazar, M.A.1
  • 32
    • 0034532451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine promotes association of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and causes serine phosphorylation of TR
    • Davis PJ, Shih A, Lin HY et al (2000) Thyroxine promotes association of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and causes serine phosphorylation of TR. J Biochem 275:38032-38039
    • (2000) J Biochem , vol.275 , pp. 38032-38039
    • Davis, P.J.1    Shih, A.2    Lin, H.Y.3
  • 33
    • 0037216819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 ? -ATPase modulates cardiac contraction and relaxation
    • doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00694-696
    • Frank KF, Bölck B, Erdmann E et al (2003) Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 ? -ATPase modulates cardiac contraction and relaxation. Cardiovasc Res 57:20-27. doi:10.1016/S0008-6363 (02)00694-696
    • (2003) Cardiovasc Res , vol.57 , pp. 20-27
    • Frank, K.F.1    Bölck, B.2    Erdmann, E.3
  • 34
    • 0029830352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phospholamban: A prominent regulator of myocardial contractility
    • Koss KL, Kranias EG (1996) Phospholamban: a prominent regulator of myocardial contractility. Circ Res 79:1059-1063
    • (1996) Circ Res , vol.79 , pp. 1059-1063
    • Koss, K.L.1    Kranias, E.G.2
  • 35
    • 0028344517 scopus 로고
    • Posttranscriptional modification of myosin heavy-chain gene expression in the hypertrophied rat myocardium
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3468
    • Ojamaa K, Petrie JF, Balkman C (1994) Posttranscriptional modification of myosin heavy-chain gene expression in the hypertrophied rat myocardium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3468-3472. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3468
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 3468-3472
    • Ojamaa, K.1    Petrie, J.F.2    Balkman, C.3
  • 36
    • 0035895627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone targeting the vascular smooth muscle cell
    • Klein I, Ojamaa K (2001) Thyroid hormone targeting the vascular smooth muscle cell. Circ Res 88:260-261
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 260-261
    • Klein, I.1    Ojamaa, K.2
  • 37
    • 0029969119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of thyroid hormone on vascular smooth muscle
    • Ojamaa K, Klemperer JD, Klein I (1996) Acute effects of thyroid hormone on vascular smooth muscle. Thyroid 6:505-512
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 505-512
    • Ojamaa, K.1    Klemperer, J.D.2    Klein, I.3
  • 38
    • 15744395135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine on hamster cheek pouch microcirculation
    • doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00931.2004
    • Colantuoni A, Marchiafava PL, Lapi D et al (2005) Effects of tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine on hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288:H1931-H1936. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00931. 2004
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.288
    • Colantuoni, A.1    Marchiafava, P.L.2    Lapi, D.3
  • 39
    • 0035895625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells: Expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase
    • Mizuma H, Murakami M, Mori M (2001) Thyroid hormone activation in human vascular smooth muscle cells: expression of type II iodothyronine deiodinase. Circ Res 88:313-318
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 313-318
    • Mizuma, H.1    Murakami, M.2    Mori, M.3
  • 40
    • 0037338269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Downregulation of vascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor by thyroid hormone
    • doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000056524.35294.80
    • Fukuyama K, Ichiki T, Takeda K et al (2003) Downregulation of vascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor by thyroid hormone. Hypertension 41:598-603. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000056524.35 294.80
    • (2003) Hypertension , vol.41 , pp. 598-603
    • Fukuyama, K.1    Ichiki, T.2    Takeda, K.3
  • 41
    • 0036090165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of thyroid hormone in blood pressure homeostasis: Evidence from short-term hypothyroidism in humans
    • doi:10.1210/jc.87.5.1996
    • Fommei E, Iervasi G (2002) The role of thyroid hormone in blood pressure homeostasis: evidence from short-term hypothyroidism in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1996-2000. doi:10.1210/jc.87.5.1996
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1996-2000
    • Fommei, E.1    Iervasi, G.2
  • 42
    • 0036242229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects oh thyroid replacement therapy on arterial blood pressure in patients with hypertension and hypothyroidism
    • doi:10.1067/ mhj.2002.120766
    • Dernellis J, Panaretou M (2002) Effects oh thyroid replacement therapy on arterial blood pressure in patients with hypertension and hypothyroidism. Am Heart J 143:718-724. doi:10.1067/ mhj.2002.120766
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 718-724
    • Dernellis, J.1    Panaretou, M.2
  • 43
    • 0036964889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: The relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism
    • doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.968
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G et al (2002) Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: the relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:968-974. doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.968
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 968-974
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Lombardi, G.3
  • 44
    • 33646521287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine acutely increases blood flow in the ventricles and kidneys of anesthesized rabbits
    • doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.357
    • Kimura K, Shinozaki Y, Jujo S (2006) Triiodothyronine acutely increases blood flow in the ventricles and kidneys of anesthesized rabbits. Thyroid 16:357-360. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.357
    • (2006) Thyroid , vol.16 , pp. 357-360
    • Kimura, K.1    Shinozaki, Y.2    Jujo, S.3
  • 45
    • 0031902259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct effects of thyroid hormones on rat coronary artery: Nongenomic effects of triiodothyronine and thyroxine
    • Yoneda K, Takasu N, Higa S et al (1998) Direct effects of thyroid hormones on rat coronary artery: nongenomic effects of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Thyroid 8:609-613
    • (1998) Thyroid , vol.8 , pp. 609-613
    • Yoneda, K.1    Takasu, N.2    Higa, S.3
  • 46
    • 33645877394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of iodothyronine deiodinase and roles of thyroid hormones in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
    • doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.07.018
    • Kasahara T, Tsunekawa K, Seki K et al (2006) Regulation of iodothyronine deiodinase and roles of thyroid hormones in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 18:207-214. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.07.018
    • (2006) Atherosclerosis , vol.18 , pp. 207-214
    • Kasahara, T.1    Tsunekawa, K.2    Seki, K.3
  • 47
    • 36749103671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary flow reserve is impaired in subclinical hypothyroidism
    • doi:10.1002/clc.20132
    • Baycan S, Erdogan D, Caliskan M et al (2007) Coronary flow reserve is impaired in subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Cardiol 30:562-566. doi:10.1002/clc.20132
    • (2007) Clin Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 562-566
    • Baycan, S.1    Erdogan, D.2    Caliskan, M.3
  • 48
    • 16544395427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Danzi S, Klein I (2004) Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. Minerva Endocrinol 29:139-150
    • (2004) Minerva Endocrinol , vol.29 , pp. 139-150
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 49
    • 0034458025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyroid hormones on cardiac function and oxidative metabolism assessed noninvasively by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
    • doi:10.1210/jc.85.5.1822
    • Bengel FM, Nekolla S, Ziegler SI et al (2000) Effect of thyroid hormones on cardiac function and oxidative metabolism assessed noninvasively by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1822-1827. doi:10.1210/jc.85.5.1822
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 1822-1827
    • Bengel, F.M.1    Nekolla, S.2    Ziegler, S.I.3
  • 50
    • 0036018276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiac function
    • doi: 10.1089/105072502760143890
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G et al (2002) Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiac function. Thyroid 12:505-510. doi: 10.1089/105072502760143890
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 505-510
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Lombardi, G.3
  • 51
    • 19944432143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does subclinical hypothyroidism affect cardiac pump performance? Evidence from a magnetic resonance imaging study
    • doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.044
    • Ripoli A, Pingitore A, Favilli B et al (2005) Does subclinical hypothyroidism affect cardiac pump performance? Evidence from a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:439-445. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004. 10.044
    • (2005) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 439-445
    • Ripoli, A.1    Pingitore, A.2    Favilli, B.3
  • 52
    • 28344446835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death
    • doi: 10.1001/archinte.165.21.2460
    • Rodondi N, Newman AB, Vittinghoff E et al (2005) Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch Intern Med 165:2460-2466. doi: 10.1001/archinte.165.21.2460
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 2460-2466
    • Rodondi, N.1    Newman, A.B.2    Vittinghoff, E.3
  • 53
    • 0033825444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and atherogenic aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism
    • doi:10.1089/10507250050137743
    • Kahaly GJ (2000) Cardiovascular and atherogenic aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid 10:665-679. doi:10.1089/ 10507250050137743
    • (2000) Thyroid , vol.10 , pp. 665-679
    • Kahaly, G.J.1
  • 54
    • 0041883173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in subclinical hypothyroidism: Beneficial effect of levothyroxine therapy
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030039
    • Taddei S, Caraccio N, Virdis A et al (2003) Impaired endothelium- dependent vasodilatation in subclinical hypothyroidism: beneficial effect of levothyroxine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:3731-3737. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030039
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3731-3737
    • Taddei, S.1    Caraccio, N.2    Virdis, A.3
  • 55
    • 2442442844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031669
    • Monzani F, Caraccio N, Kozàkowà M et al (2004) Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:2099-2106. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031669
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2099-2106
    • Monzani, F.1    Caraccio, N.2    Kozàkowà, M.3
  • 56
    • 0036283615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: Response to replacement, a randomized placebocontrolled study
    • doi:10.1210/jc.87.4.1533
    • Caraccio N, Ferrannini E, Monzani F (2002) Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to replacement, a randomized placebocontrolled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1533-1538. doi:10.1210/jc.87.4.1533
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Caraccio, N.1    Ferrannini, E.2    Monzani, F.3
  • 57
    • 36549050283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetic patients
    • doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02270.x
    • Chen HS, Wu TE, Jap TS et al (2007) Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 24:1336-1344. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02270.x
    • (2007) Diabet Med , vol.24 , pp. 1336-1344
    • Chen, H.S.1    Wu, T.E.2    Jap, T.S.3
  • 59
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ et al (2000) Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam study. Ann Intern Med 15(132):270-278
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.15 , Issue.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3
  • 60
    • 33745924975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: A metaanalysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.028
    • Rodondi N, Aujesky D, Vittinghoff E et al (2006) Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: a metaanalysis. Am J Med 119:541-551. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005. 09.028
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , pp. 541-551
    • Rodondi, N.1    Aujesky, D.2    Vittinghoff, E.3
  • 61
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older patients
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199411103311901
    • Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA et al (1994) Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older patients. N Engl J Med 331:1249-1252. doi:10.1056/NEJM199 411103311901
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3
  • 62
    • 85047687890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 142: Cardiac dysrhythmias and thyroid dysfunction: The hidden menace?
    • doi: 10.1210/jc.87.3.963
    • Osman F, Gammage MD, Sheppard MC et al (2002) Clinical review 142: cardiac dysrhythmias and thyroid dysfunction: the hidden menace? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:963-967. doi: 10.1210/jc.87.3.963
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 963-967
    • Osman, F.1    Gammage, M.D.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 63
    • 0035210149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular haemodynamics and cardiac autonomic control in patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism
    • doi:10.1530/eje.0.1450691
    • Petretta M, Bonaduce D, Spinelli L et al (2001) Cardiovascular haemodynamics and cardiac autonomic control in patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 145:691-696. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1450691
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.145 , pp. 691-696
    • Petretta, M.1    Bonaduce, D.2    Spinelli, L.3
  • 64
    • 0034489375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism affects quality of life and cardiac morphology and function in young and middle-aged patients
    • doi:10.1210/jc.85.12. 4701
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Fazio S et al (2000) Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism affects quality of life and cardiac morphology and function in young and middle-aged patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4701-4705. doi:10.1210/jc.85.12. 4701
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4701-4705
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Fazio, S.3
  • 65
    • 0037016034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G et al (2002) Effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart. Ann Intern Med 137:904-914
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 904-914
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Lombardi, G.3
  • 66
    • 0034456381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac function, physical exercise capacity, and quality of life during long-term thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine: Effect of individual dose tailoring
    • doi:10.1210/jc.85.1.159
    • Mercuro G, Panzuto MG, Bina A et al (2000) Cardiac function, physical exercise capacity, and quality of life during long-term thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine: effect of individual dose tailoring. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:159-164. doi:10.1210/jc.85.1.159
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 159-164
    • Mercuro, G.1    Panzuto, M.G.2    Bina, A.3
  • 67
    • 0035883894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: A 10-year cohort study
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06067-6
    • Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC et al (2001) Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet 358:861-865. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01) 06067-6
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 861-865
    • Parle, J.V.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 68
    • 9144238095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease: Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • doi:10.1001/jama.291.2.228
    • Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH et al (2004) Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. J Am Med Assoc 291:228-238. doi:10.1001/ jama.291.2.228
    • (2004) J Am Med Assoc , vol.291 , pp. 228-238
    • Surks, M.I.1    Ortiz, E.2    Daniels, G.H.3
  • 69
    • 39749152205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.02.027
    • Singh S, Duggal J, Molnar J et al (2008) Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 125:41-48. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.02.027
    • (2008) Int J Cardiol , vol.125 , pp. 41-48
    • Singh, S.1    Duggal, J.2    Molnar, J.3
  • 70
    • 33644584065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults
    • doi:10.1001/jama.295.9.1033
    • Cappola AR, Fried LP, Arnold AM et al (2006) Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. J Am Med Assoc 295:1033-1041. doi:10.1001/jama.295.9.1033
    • (2006) J Am Med Assoc , vol.295 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Cappola, A.R.1    Fried, L.P.2    Arnold, A.M.3
  • 71
    • 3242693967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism
    • doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031089
    • Imaizumi M, Akahoshi M, Ichimaru S et al (2004) Risk for ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:3365-3370. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031089
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 3365-3370
    • Imaizumi, M.1    Akahoshi, M.2    Ichimaru, S.3
  • 72
    • 28344432759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
    • doi:10.1001/archinte.165.21.2467
    • Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Bulsara MK et al (2005) Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 165:2467-2472. doi:10.1001/archinte.165. 21.2467
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 2467-2472
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Bremner, A.P.2    Bulsara, M.K.3
  • 73
    • 42949133986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin levels and risk of fatal coronary heart disease: The HUNT study
    • doi:10.1001/archinte.168.8.855
    • Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Nilsen TI et al (2008) Thyrotropin levels and risk of fatal coronary heart disease: the HUNT Study. Arch Intern Med 168:855-860. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.8.855
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 855-860
    • Asvold, B.O.1    Bjøro, T.2    Nilsen, T.I.3
  • 74
    • 0018186417 scopus 로고
    • Effect of starvation on the production and peripheral metabolism of 3, 30, 50-triiodothyronine in euthyroid obese subjects
    • Eisenstein Z, Hagg S, Vagenakis AG et al (1978) Effect of starvation on the production and peripheral metabolism of 3, 30, 50-triiodothyronine in euthyroid obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 47:889-893
    • (1978) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.47 , pp. 889-893
    • Eisenstein, Z.1    Hagg, S.2    Vagenakis, A.G.3
  • 75
    • 0028878176 scopus 로고
    • Changes in thyroid hormone parameters after acute myocardial infarction
    • Eber B, Schumacher M, Langsteger W et al (1995) Changes in thyroid hormone parameters after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology 86:152-156
    • (1995) Cardiology , vol.86 , pp. 152-156
    • Eber, B.1    Schumacher, M.2    Langsteger, W.3
  • 76
    • 0037166651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid downregulation of thyroid hormones in acute myocardial infarction: Is it cardioprotective in patients with angina?
    • doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.1388
    • Friberg L, Werner S, Eggertsen G et al (2002) Rapid downregulation of thyroid hormones in acute myocardial infarction: is it cardioprotective in patients with angina? Arch Intern Med 162:1388-1394. doi:10.1001/archinte.162. 12.1388
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med , vol.162 , pp. 1388-1394
    • Friberg, L.1    Werner, S.2    Eggertsen, G.3
  • 77
    • 0025819632 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary bypass and thyroid function: A "euthyroid sick syndrome"
    • Holland FW 2nd
    • Holland FW 2nd, Brown PS Jr, Weintraub BD et al (1991) Cardiopulmonary bypass and thyroid function: a "euthyroid sick syndrome". Ann Thorac Surg 52:46-50
    • (1991) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.52 , pp. 46-50
    • Brown Jr., P.S.1    Weintraub, B.D.2
  • 78
    • 0028808234 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199512073332302
    • Klemperer JD, Klein I, Gomez M et al (1955) Thyroid hormone treatment after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 333:1522-1527. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512073332302
    • (1955) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1522-1527
    • Klemperer, J.D.1    Klein, I.2    Gomez, M.3
  • 79
    • 0028891752 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones homeostasis in pediatric patients during and after cardiopulmonary bypass
    • doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(94)00879-C
    • Murzi B, Iervasi G, Masini S et al (1995) Thyroid hormones homeostasis in pediatric patients during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 59:481-485. doi: 10.1016/00 03-4975(94)00879-C
    • (1995) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.59 , pp. 481-485
    • Murzi, B.1    Iervasi, G.2    Masini, S.3
  • 80
    • 0036941049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the low triiodothyronine state a crucial factor in determining the outcome of coronary artery bypass patients? Evidence from a clinical pilot study
    • doi:10.1677/joe.0.1750577
    • Sabatino L, Cerillo AG, Ripoli A et al (2002) Is the low triiodothyronine state a crucial factor in determining the outcome of coronary artery bypass patients? Evidence from a clinical pilot study. J Endocrinol 175:577-586. doi:10.1677/joe.0.17 50577
    • (2002) J Endocrinol , vol.175 , pp. 577-586
    • Sabatino, L.1    Cerillo, A.G.2    Ripoli, A.3
  • 81
    • 0020110358 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in thyroid function in patients with systemic illness: The "euthyroid sick syndrome"
    • Wartofsky L, Barman KD (1982) Alteration in thyroid function in patients with systemic illness: the "euthyroid sick syndrome". Endocr Rev 3:164-217
    • (1982) Endocr Rev , vol.3 , pp. 164-217
    • Wartofsky, L.1    Barman, K.D.2
  • 82
    • 0037961036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced activation and increased inactivation of thyroid hormone in tissues of critically ill patients
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2002-022013
    • Peeters RP, Wouters PJ, Kaptein E et al (2003) Reduced activation and increased inactivation of thyroid hormone in tissues of critically ill patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:3202-3211. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-022013
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 3202-3211
    • Peeters, R.P.1    Wouters, P.J.2    Kaptein, E.3
  • 83
    • 0026612534 scopus 로고
    • A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine sulfate: Studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and neonatal life
    • doi:10.1210/jc.75.1.189
    • Chopra IJ, Wu SY, Teco GN et al (1992) A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine sulfate: studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and neonatal life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1:189-194. doi:10.1210/jc.75.1.189
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.1 , pp. 189-194
    • Chopra, I.J.1    Wu, S.Y.2    Teco, G.N.3
  • 84
    • 28744450413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased thyroxine sulfate levels in critically ill patients as a result of a decreased hepatic type I deiodinase activity
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0866
    • Peeters RP, Kester MH, Wouters PJ et al (2005) Increased thyroxine sulfate levels in critically ill patients as a result of a decreased hepatic type I deiodinase activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:6460-6465. doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0866
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 6460-6465
    • Peeters, R.P.1    Kester, M.H.2    Wouters, P.J.3
  • 85
    • 0032749156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in metabolism of TRH in euthyroid sick syndrome
    • doi:10.1530/eje.0.1410337
    • Duntas LH, Nguyen TT, Keck FS et al (1999) Changes in metabolism of TRH in euthyroid sick syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 141:337-341. doi:10.1530/eje.0. 1410337
    • (1999) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.141 , pp. 337-341
    • Duntas, L.H.1    Nguyen, T.T.2    Keck, F.S.3
  • 86
    • 0027131203 scopus 로고
    • Association betxeen serum interleukin-6 and serum 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine in nonthyroidal illness
    • doi:10.1210/jc.77.6.1695
    • Boelen A, Platvoet-Ter Schiphorst MC, Wiersinga WM (1993) Association betxeen serum interleukin-6 and serum 3, 5, 30-triiodothyronine in nonthyroidal illness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1695-1699. doi:10.1210/jc.77.6.1695
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 1695-1699
    • Boelen, A.1    Platvoet-Ter Schiphorst, M.C.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 87
    • 0028033128 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute and chronic IL-6 administration on thyroid hormone metabolism in humans
    • doi:10.1210/jc.79.5.1342
    • Stouthard JM, Van der Poll T, Ebdert E et al (1994) Effects of acute and chronic IL-6 administration on thyroid hormone metabolism in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1342-1346. doi:10.1210/jc.79.5.1342
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 1342-1346
    • Stouthard, J.M.1    Van Der Poll, T.2    Ebdert, E.3
  • 88
    • 0031863759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the euthyroid sick syndrome
    • doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380603
    • Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Brogioni S et al (1998) Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the euthyroid sick syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 138:603-614. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1380603
    • (1998) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.138 , pp. 603-614
    • Bartalena, L.1    Bogazzi, F.2    Brogioni, S.3
  • 89
    • 0033862096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvment of circulating IL-6 and its receptor in the development o euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • doi:10.1530/eje.0.1430179
    • Kimura T, Kanda T, Kotajima N et al (2000) Involvment of circulating IL-6 and its receptor in the development o euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Endocrinol 143:179-184. doi:10.1530/eje.0. 1430179
    • (2000) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.143 , pp. 179-184
    • Kimura, T.1    Kanda, T.2    Kotajima, N.3
  • 90
    • 0027921994 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine-Immune interactions
    • doi:10.1056/NEJM199310213291708
    • Reichlin S (1993) Neuroendocrine-Immune interactions. N Engl J Med 329:1246-1253. doi:10.1056/NEJM199310213291708
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 1246-1253
    • Reichlin, S.1
  • 91
    • 0030601679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac nuclear hormone receptor mRNA in heart failure in man
    • doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(96)00539-5
    • Sylvén C, Jansson E, Sotonyi P et al (1996) Cardiac nuclear hormone receptor mRNA in heart failure in man. Life Sci 59:1917-1922. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(96)00539-5
    • (1996) Life Sci , vol.59 , pp. 1917-1922
    • Sylvén, C.1    Jansson, E.2    Sotonyi, P.3
  • 92
    • 0035964923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy
    • doi: 10.1161/hh1901.096706
    • Kinugawa K, Yonekura K, Ribeiro RC et al (2001) Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 89:591-598. doi: 10.1161/hh1901.096706
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 591-598
    • Kinugawa, K.1    Yonekura, K.2    Ribeiro, R.C.3
  • 93
    • 44949200297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum thyroid hormone levels may not accurately reflect thyroid tissue levels and cardiac function in mild hypothyroidism
    • doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01379.2007
    • Liu Y, Redetzke RA, Said S et al (2008) Serum thyroid hormone levels may not accurately reflect thyroid tissue levels and cardiac function in mild hypothyroidism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H2137-H2143. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01379.2007
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.294
    • Liu, Y.1    Redetzke, R.A.2    Said, S.3
  • 94
    • 34548528692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptor and IGF1/IGFR systems: Possible relations in the human heart
    • doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.04.002
    • Sabatino L, Gliozheni E, Molinaro S et al (2007) Thyroid hormone receptor and IGF1/IGFR systems: possible relations in the human heart. Biomed Pharmacother 61:457-462. doi:10.1016/ j.biopha.2007.04.002
    • (2007) Biomed Pharmacother , vol.61 , pp. 457-462
    • Sabatino, L.1    Gliozheni, E.2    Molinaro, S.3
  • 95
    • 34250832312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms-alpha1 and -beta1 improves contractile function in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
    • doi:10.1210/en.2007-0009
    • Belke DD, Gloss B, Swanson EA et al (2007) Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms-alpha1 and -beta1 improves contractile function in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Endocrinology 148:2870-2877. doi:10.1210/en.2007-0009
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 2870-2877
    • Belke, D.D.1    Gloss, B.2    Swanson, E.A.3
  • 96
    • 3142655713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptor alpha is a molecular switch of cardiac function between fetal and postnatal life
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0401843101
    • Mai W, Janier MF, Allioli N et al (2004) Thyroid hormone receptor alpha is a molecular switch of cardiac function between fetal and postnatal life. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:10332-10337. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401843101
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 10332-10337
    • Mai, W.1    Janier, M.F.2    Allioli, N.3
  • 97
    • 0035957030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathways responsible for fetal gene induction in the failing human heart: Evidence for altered thyroid hormone receptor gene expression
    • Kinugawa K, Minobe WA, Wood WM et al (2001) Signaling pathways responsible for fetal gene induction in the failing human heart: evidence for altered thyroid hormone receptor gene expression. Circulation 103:1089-1094
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 1089-1094
    • Kinugawa, K.1    Minobe, W.A.2    Wood, W.M.3
  • 98
    • 0023120631 scopus 로고
    • Myosin heavy chain messenger RNA and protein isoform transitions during cardiac hypertrophy. Interaction between hemodynamic and thyroid hormone-induced signals
    • doi: 10.1172/JCI112908
    • Izumo S, Lompré AM, Matsuoka R et al (1987) Myosin heavy chain messenger RNA and protein isoform transitions during cardiac hypertrophy. Interaction between hemodynamic and thyroid hormone-induced signals. J Clin Invest 79:970-977. doi: 10.1172/JCI112908
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 970-977
    • Izumo, S.1    Lompré, A.M.2    Matsuoka, R.3
  • 99
    • 0030663953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and cellular mechanisms of myocardial failure
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00845-X
    • Colucci WS (1997) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of myocardial failure. Am J Cardiol 80:15L-25L. doi:10.1016/S00 02-9149(97)00845-X
    • (1997) Am J Cardiol , vol.80
    • Colucci, W.S.1
  • 100
    • 0035968264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superinhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum function by phospholamban induces cardiac contractile failure
    • doi: 10.1074/jbc.M102403200
    • Haghighi K, Schmidt AG, Hoit BD et al (2001) Superinhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum function by phospholamban induces cardiac contractile failure. J Biol Chem 276:24145-24152. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M102403200
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 24145-24152
    • Haghighi, K.1    Schmidt, A.G.2    Hoit, B.D.3
  • 101
    • 0035846554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic gene expression in fetal and failing human heart
    • doi:10.1161/hc4901.100526
    • Razeghi P, Young ME, Alcorn JL et al (2001) Metabolic gene expression in fetal and failing human heart. Circulation 104:2923-2931. doi:10.1161/hc4901. 100526
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2923-2931
    • Razeghi, P.1    Young, M.E.2    Alcorn, J.L.3
  • 102
    • 0030657629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: Prevention with T3
    • Katzeff HL, Powell SR, Ojamaa K (1997) Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: prevention with T3. Am J Physiol 273:E951-E956
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Katzeff, H.L.1    Powell, S.R.2    Ojamaa, K.3
  • 103
    • 0026755208 scopus 로고
    • Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5251
    • Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Baughman KL et al (1992) Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:5251-5255. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12. 5251
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 5251-5255
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Sherman, S.I.2    Baughman, K.L.3
  • 104
    • 0034933165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,5, 30-Triiodothyronine deprivation affects phenotype and intracellular [Ca2 +]i of human cardiomyocytes in culture
    • doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00287-5
    • Forini F, Paolicchi A, Pizzorusso T et al (2001) 3, 5, 30-Triiodothyronine deprivation affects phenotype and intracellular [Ca2 ?]i of human cardiomyocytes in culture. Cardiovasc Res 51:322-330. doi:10.1016/S0008- 6363(01)00287-5
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Res , vol.51 , pp. 322-330
    • Forini, F.1    Paolicchi, A.2    Pizzorusso, T.3
  • 105
    • 0029095444 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in intracellular calcium handling associated with the inverse force frequency relation in human dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Pieske B, Kretschmann B, Meyer M et al (1995) Alteration in intracellular calcium handling associated with the inverse force frequency relation in human dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 92:1169-1178
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1169-1178
    • Pieske, B.1    Kretschmann, B.2    Meyer, M.3
  • 106
    • 0033968324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of cytoskeleton in heart failure
    • doi:10.1016/ S0008-63639900268-270
    • Hein S, Kostin S, Heling A et al (2000) The role of cytoskeleton in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 45:273-278. doi:10.1016/ S0008-6363(99)00268-270
    • (2000) Cardiovasc Res , vol.45 , pp. 273-278
    • Hein, S.1    Kostin, S.2    Heling, A.3
  • 107
    • 33947423265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone changes cardiomyocyte shape and geometry via ERK signaling pathway: Potential therapeutic implications in reversing cardiac remodeling?
    • doi:10.1007/ s11010-006-9323-9333
    • Pantos C, Xinaris C, Mourouzis I et al (2007) Thyroid hormone changes cardiomyocyte shape and geometry via ERK signaling pathway: potential therapeutic implications in reversing cardiac remodeling? Mol Cell Biochem 297:65-72. doi:10.1007/ s11010-006-9323-9333
    • (2007) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.297 , pp. 65-72
    • Pantos, C.1    Xinaris, C.2    Mourouzis, I.3
  • 108
    • 0032211867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An activator protein-1 (AP-1) response element on pro alpha1(l) collagen gene is necessary for thyroid hormone-induced inhibition of promoter activity in cardiac fibroblasts
    • doi:10.1006/jmcc.1998.0811
    • Lee HW, Klein LE, Raser J et al (1998) An activator protein-1 (AP-1) response element on pro alpha1(l) collagen gene is necessary for thyroid hormone-induced inhibition of promoter activity in cardiac fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 30:2495-2506. doi:10.1006/jmcc.1998.0811
    • (1998) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.30 , pp. 2495-2506
    • Lee, H.W.1    Klein, L.E.2    Raser, J.3
  • 109
    • 85047675993 scopus 로고
    • Decreased collagen mRNA and regression of cardiac fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium of the tight skin mouse following thyroid hormone treatment
    • doi:10.1093/cvr/26.6.603
    • Yao J, Eghbali M (1992) Decreased collagen mRNA and regression of cardiac fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium of the tight skin mouse following thyroid hormone treatment. Cardiovasc Res 26:603-607. doi:10.1093/cvr/26.6.603
    • (1992) Cardiovasc Res , vol.26 , pp. 603-607
    • Yao, J.1    Eghbali, M.2
  • 110
    • 0030801835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological modulation of pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy: Changes in ventricular function, extracellular matrix, and gene expression
    • Wong K, Boheler KR, Petrou M (1997) Pharmacological modulation of pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy: changes in ventricular function, extracellular matrix, and gene expression. Circulation 96:2239-2246
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2239-2246
    • Wong, K.1    Boheler, K.R.2    Petrou, M.3
  • 111
    • 1042292003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic interaction between matrix metalloproteinase activity and adverse myocardial remodeling
    • doi: 10.1023/B:HREV.0000011392.03037.7e
    • Janicki JS, Brower GL, Gardner JD et al (2004) The dynamic interaction between matrix metalloproteinase activity and adverse myocardial remodeling. Heart Fail Rev 9:33-42. doi: 10.1023/B:HREV.0000011392.03037.7e
    • (2004) Heart Fail Rev , vol.9 , pp. 33-42
    • Janicki, J.S.1    Brower, G.L.2    Gardner, J.D.3
  • 112
    • 28144436302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reverses ischemia and prevents myocyte loss and progressive LV dysfunction in hamsters with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00483.2005
    • Khalife WI, Tang YD, Kuzman JA et al (2005) Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reverses ischemia and prevents myocyte loss and progressive LV dysfunction in hamsters with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289:H2409-H2415. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00483.2005
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.289
    • Khalife, W.I.1    Tang, Y.D.2    Kuzman, J.A.3
  • 113
    • 0036148317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and oncosis in the early progression of left ventricular dysfunction in the cardiomyopathic hamster
    • doi: 10.1007/s395-002-8389-4
    • Ryoke T, Gu Y, Ikeda Y et al (2002) Apoptosis and oncosis in the early progression of left ventricular dysfunction in the cardiomyopathic hamster. Basic Res Cardiol 97:65-75. doi: 10.1007/s395-002-8389-4
    • (2002) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.97 , pp. 65-75
    • Ryoke, T.1    Gu, Y.2    Ikeda, Y.3
  • 114
    • 0034659306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis: New insights and therapeutic potential
    • doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261:3\126::AID-AR7[3.0. CO;2-4
    • Tomanek RJ, Schatteman GC (2000) Angiogenesis: new insights and therapeutic potential. Anat Rec 261:126-135. doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20000615)261: 3\126::AID-AR7[3.0. CO;2-4
    • (2000) Anat Rec , vol.261 , pp. 126-135
    • Tomanek, R.J.1    Schatteman, G.C.2
  • 115
    • 0037306771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DITPA stimulates bFGF, VEGF, angiopoietin, and Tie-2 and facilitates coronary arteriolar growth
    • Wang X, Zheng W, Christensen LP et al (2003) DITPA stimulates bFGF, VEGF, angiopoietin, and Tie-2 and facilitates coronary arteriolar growth. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284:H613-H618
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.284
    • Wang, X.1    Zheng, W.2    Christensen, L.P.3
  • 116
    • 1942437406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DITPA stimulates arteriolar growth and modifies myocardial postinfarction remodeling
    • doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00991.2003
    • Zheng W, Weiss RM, Wang X et al (2004) DITPA stimulates arteriolar growth and modifies myocardial postinfarction remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286:H1994-H2000. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00991.2003
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.286
    • Zheng, W.1    Weiss, R.M.2    Wang, X.3
  • 117
    • 2942653137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proangiogenic action of thyroid hormone is fibroblast growth factor-dependent and is initiated at the cell surface
    • doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000130784.90237.4a
    • Davis FB, Mousa SA, O'Connor L et al (2004) Proangiogenic action of thyroid hormone is fibroblast growth factor-dependent and is initiated at the cell surface. Circ Res 94:1500-1506. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000130784.90237.4a
    • (2004) Circ Res , vol.94 , pp. 1500-1506
    • Davis, F.B.1    Mousa, S.A.2    O'Connor, L.3
  • 118
    • 0033978052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional myocardial blood flow reserve impairment and metabolic changes suggesting myocardial ischemia in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00499-4
    • Van Den Heuvel AF, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Van Der Wall EE et al (2000) Regional myocardial blood flow reserve impairment and metabolic changes suggesting myocardial ischemia in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 35:19-28. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00499-4
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , pp. 19-28
    • Van Den Heuvel, A.F.1    Van Veldhuisen, D.J.2    Van Der Wall, E.E.3
  • 119
    • 0037080528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction
    • doi:10.1161/hc0202.102119
    • Neglia D, Michelassi C, Trivieri MG et al (2002) Prognostic role of myocardial blood flow impairment in idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 15:186-193. doi:10.1161/hc02 02.102119
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.15 , pp. 186-193
    • Neglia, D.1    Michelassi, C.2    Trivieri, M.G.3
  • 120
    • 1542315568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and phenotypes of cardioprotection
    • doi:10.1007/s00395-003-0449-0
    • Pantos C, Malliopoulou V, Varonos DD et al (2003) Thyroid hormone and phenotypes of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 99:101-120. doi:10.1007/s00395-003-0449-0
    • (2003) Basic Res Cardiol , vol.99 , pp. 101-120
    • Pantos, C.1    Malliopoulou, V.2    Varonos, D.D.3
  • 121
    • 0031668174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of triiodothyronine on glucose and fatty acid metabolism during reperfusion of ischemic rat hearts
    • Liu Q, Clanachan AS, Lopaschuk GD (1998) Acute effects of triiodothyronine on glucose and fatty acid metabolism during reperfusion of ischemic rat hearts. Am J Physiol 275:E392-E399
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Liu, Q.1    Clanachan, A.S.2    Lopaschuk, G.D.3
  • 122
    • 37549023861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short term triiodo-Lthyronine treatment inhibits cardiac myocyte apoptosis in border area after myocardial infarction in rats
    • doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.009
    • Chen YF, Kobayashi S, Chen J et al (2008) Short term triiodo-Lthyronine treatment inhibits cardiac myocyte apoptosis in border area after myocardial infarction in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 44:180-187. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09. 009
    • (2008) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.44 , pp. 180-187
    • Chen, Y.F.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Chen, J.3
  • 123
    • 12144286195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine pretreatment increases basal myocardial heat-shock protein 27 expression and accelerates translocation and phosphorylation of this protein upon ischaemia
    • doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.030
    • Pantos C, Malliopoulou V, Mourouzis I et al (2003) Thyroxine pretreatment increases basal myocardial heat-shock protein 27 expression and accelerates translocation and phosphorylation of this protein upon ischaemia. Eur J Pharmacol 478:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.030
    • (2003) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.478 , pp. 53-60
    • Pantos, C.1    Malliopoulou, V.2    Mourouzis, I.3
  • 124
    • 33744972132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroid hearts display a phenotype of cardioprotection against ischemic stress: A possible involvement of heat shock protein 70
    • doi:10.1055/s-2006-925404
    • Pantos C, Malliopoulou V, Mourouzis I et al (2006) Hyperthyroid hearts display a phenotype of cardioprotection against ischemic stress: a possible involvement of heat shock protein 70. Horm Metab Res 38:308-313. doi:10.1055/s-2006-925404
    • (2006) Horm Metab Res , vol.38 , pp. 308-313
    • Pantos, C.1    Malliopoulou, V.2    Mourouzis, I.3
  • 125
    • 35348854947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating heat shock proteins and inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction: Their relationships with myocardial and microvascular impairment
    • doi:10.1379/CSC-272.1
    • Giannessi D, Colotti C, Maltinti M et al (2007) Circulating heat shock proteins and inflammatory markers in patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction: their relationships with myocardial and microvascular impairment. Cell Stress Chaperones 12:265-274. doi:10.1379/CSC-272.1
    • (2007) Cell Stress Chaperones , vol.12 , pp. 265-274
    • Giannessi, D.1    Colotti, C.2    Maltinti, M.3
  • 126
    • 3242786569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac natriuretic hormones, neuro-hormones, thyroid hormones and cytokines in normal subjects and patients with heart failure
    • doi:10.1515/CCLM.2004.108
    • Emdin M, Passino C, Prontera C et al (2004) Cardiac natriuretic hormones, neuro-hormones, thyroid hormones and cytokines in normal subjects and patients with heart failure. Clin Chem Lab Med 42:627-636. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2004.108
    • (2004) Clin Chem Lab Med , vol.42 , pp. 627-636
    • Emdin, M.1    Passino, C.2    Prontera, C.3
  • 127
    • 38949117328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine (T3) effects on cardiovascular system in patients with heart failure
    • Pingitore A, Iervasi G (2008) Triiodothyronine (T3) effects on cardiovascular system in patients with heart failure. Recent Patents Cardiovasc Drug Discov 3:19-27
    • (2008) Recent Patents Cardiovasc Drug Discov , vol.3 , pp. 19-27
    • Pingitore, A.1    Iervasi, G.2
  • 128
    • 34547927987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Euthyroid sick syndrome: Is it a misnomer?
    • doi:10.1210/jc.82.2.329
    • Chopra IJ (1997) Euthyroid sick syndrome: is it a misnomer? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82:329-334. doi:10.1210/jc.82.2.329
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 329-334
    • Chopra, I.J.1
  • 129
    • 0032933702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous dogmas in medicine: The nonthyroidal illness syndrome
    • doi:10.1210/jc.84.1.151
    • De Groot LJ (1999) Dangerous dogmas in medicine: the nonthyroidal illness syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:151-164. doi:10.1210/jc.84.1.151
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 151-164
    • De Groot, L.J.1
  • 130
    • 42049120496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone treatment to mend a broken heart
    • doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-0291
    • Klein I, Danzi S (2008) Thyroid hormone treatment to mend a broken heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1172-1174. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-0291
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1172-1174
    • Klein, I.1    Danzi, S.2
  • 131
    • 34347380857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone attenuates cardiac remodeling and improves hemodynamics early after acute myocardial infarction in rats
    • doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.05.004
    • Pantos C, Mourouzis I, Markakis K et al (2007) Thyroid hormone attenuates cardiac remodeling and improves hemodynamics early after acute myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 32:333-339. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts. 2007.05.004
    • (2007) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.32 , pp. 333-339
    • Pantos, C.1    Mourouzis, I.2    Markakis, K.3
  • 132
    • 30444443606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low T3 syndrome in a patient with acute myocarditis
    • doi: 10.1016/S1098-3597(05)80057-2
    • Brokhin M, Klein I (2005) Low T3 syndrome in a patient with acute myocarditis. Clin Cornerstone 7(Suppl 2):S28-S29. doi: 10.1016/S1098-3597(05) 80057-2
    • (2005) Clin Cornerstone , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Brokhin, M.1    Klein, I.2
  • 133
    • 0033019568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous thyroid hormone supplementation in heart failure with cardiogenic shock
    • doi:10.1016/S1071-9164(99)90022-32
    • Malik FS, Mehra MR, Uber PA et al (1999) Intravenous thyroid hormone supplementation in heart failure with cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail 5:31-37. doi:10.1016/S1071-9164(99)90022-32
    • (1999) J Card Fail , vol.5 , pp. 31-37
    • Malik, F.S.1    Mehra, M.R.2    Uber, P.A.3
  • 134
    • 0028920072 scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine improves left ventricular function without oxygen wasting effects after global hypothermic ischemia
    • doi:10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70276-8
    • Klemperer JD, Zelano J, Helm RE et al (1995) Triiodothyronine improves left ventricular function without oxygen wasting effects after global hypothermic ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 109:457-465. doi:10.1016/S0022- 5223(95)70276-8
    • (1995) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.109 , pp. 457-465
    • Klemperer, J.D.1    Zelano, J.2    Helm, R.E.3
  • 135
    • 0029962172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine therapy lowers the incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations
    • doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(96)00102-6
    • Klemperer JD, Klein IL, Ojamaa K et al (1996) Triiodothyronine therapy lowers the incidence of atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 61:1323-1327. doi: 10.1016/0003-4975(96)00102-6
    • (1996) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.61 , pp. 1323-1327
    • Klemperer, J.D.1    Klein, I.L.2    Ojamaa, K.3
  • 136
    • 0027979425 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of Lthyroxine to improve cardiac and exercise performance in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90011-6
    • Moruzzi P, Doria E, Agostoni PG et al (1994) Usefulness of Lthyroxine to improve cardiac and exercise performance in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 73:374-378. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(94)90011-6
    • (1994) Am J Cardiol , vol.73 , pp. 374-378
    • Moruzzi, P.1    Doria, E.2    Agostoni, P.G.3
  • 137
    • 0030281511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium-term effectiveness of L-thyroxine treatment in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00281-1
    • Moruzzi P, Doria E, Agostoni PG (1996) Medium-term effectiveness of L-thyroxine treatment in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Med 101:461-467. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(96)00281-1
    • (1996) Am J Med , vol.101 , pp. 461-467
    • Moruzzi, P.1    Doria, E.2    Agostoni, P.G.3
  • 138
    • 0032519597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and hemodynamic effects of intravenous triiodothyronine in advanced congestive heart failure
    • doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00950-8
    • Hamilton MA, Stevenson LW, Fonarow GC et al (1998) Safety and hemodynamic effects of intravenous triiodothyronine in advanced congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 81:443-447. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00950-8
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , pp. 443-447
    • Hamilton, M.A.1    Stevenson, L.W.2    Fonarow, G.C.3
  • 139
    • 41949107829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2210
    • Pingitore A, Galli E, Barison A et al (2008) Acute effects of triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and low-T3 syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93:1351-1358. doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2210
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1351-1358
    • Pingitore, A.1    Galli, E.2    Barison, A.3
  • 140
    • 34548086807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential therapeutic applications of thyroid hormone analogs
    • doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0590
    • Brenta G, Danzi S, Klein I (2007) Potential therapeutic applications of thyroid hormone analogs. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3:632-640. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0590
    • (2007) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.3 , pp. 632-640
    • Brenta, G.1    Danzi, S.2    Klein, I.3
  • 141
    • 0026707452 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac effects of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity
    • Pennock GD, Raya TE, Bahl JJ et al (1992) Cardiac effects of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 263:163-169
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.263 , pp. 163-169
    • Pennock, G.D.1    Raya, T.E.2    Bahl, J.J.3
  • 142
    • 0036018280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and experimental studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analogue, in heart failure
    • doi:10.1089/105072502760143935
    • Morkin E, Pennock GD, Spooner PH et al (2002) Clinical and experimental studies on the use of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analogue, in heart failure. Thyroid 12:527-533. doi:10.1089/105072502760143935
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 527-533
    • Morkin, E.1    Pennock, G.D.2    Spooner, P.H.3
  • 143
    • 9744228694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone analogs for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and heart failure: Past, present and future prospects
    • Morkin E, Ladenson P, Goldman S et al (2004) Thyroid hormone analogs for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and heart failure: past, present and future prospects. J Mol Cell Cardiol 37:1137-1146
    • (2004) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.37 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Morkin, E.1    Ladenson, P.2    Goldman, S.3
  • 144
    • 33645814009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac-specific elevations in thyroid hormone enhance contractility and prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0601072103
    • Trivieri MG, Oudit GY, Sah R et al (2006) Cardiac-specific elevations in thyroid hormone enhance contractility and prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:6043-6048. doi:10.1073/pnas. 0601072103
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 6043-6048
    • Trivieri, M.G.1    Oudit, G.Y.2    Sah, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.