메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 1725-1735

Thyroid disease and the heart

Author keywords

Heart failure; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Tachyarrhythmias; Thyroid

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIGITALIS; DISOPYRAMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; LEVOTHYROXINE; LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM; PREDNISONE; THIOUREA; THYROID HORMONE; WARFARIN;

EID: 35148895083     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678326     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (905)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 0035864975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:501-509.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 501-509
    • Klein, I.1    Ojamaa, K.2
  • 2
    • 0036018269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular action of thyroid hormone on the heart
    • Dillmann WH. Cellular action of thyroid hormone on the heart. Thyroid. 2002;12:447-452.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 447-452
    • Dillmann, W.H.1
  • 3
    • 16544395427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system
    • Danzi S, Klein I. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. Minerva Endocrinologica. 2004;29:139-150.
    • (2004) Minerva Endocrinologica , vol.29 , pp. 139-150
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 4
    • 23744445796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action in the heart
    • Kahaly GJ, Dillmann WH. Thyroid hormone action in the heart. Endocrine Rev. 2005;26:704-728.
    • (2005) Endocrine Rev , vol.26 , pp. 704-728
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Dillmann, W.H.2
  • 5
    • 0036964889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: The relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism
    • Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Fazio S. Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac function: the relative importance of heart rate, loading conditions, and myocardial contractility in the regulation of cardiac performance in human hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:968-974.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 968-974
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Lombardi, G.3    Fazio, S.4
  • 6
    • 33645463851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease
    • Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow R, Braunwald E, eds, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa. W.B. Saunders;
    • Klein I. Endocrine disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow R, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa. W.B. Saunders; 2005:2051-2065.
    • (2005) Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine , pp. 2051-2065
    • Klein, I.1
  • 8
    • 0028094437 scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation in autoimmune thyroid disease
    • Volpe R. Immunoregulation in autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid. 1994;4:373-377.
    • (1994) Thyroid , vol.4 , pp. 373-377
    • Volpe, R.1
  • 9
    • 0037925438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory medicine practice guidelines: Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease
    • Demers LM, Spencer CA. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines: laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid. 2003;13:3-126.
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 3-126
    • Demers, L.M.1    Spencer, C.A.2
  • 10
    • 27844585121 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of the thyroid
    • 2nd ed. Boston, Mass; Little Brown & Co
    • Levey GS, Klein I. Disorders of the thyroid. In: Stein's Textbook of Medicine, 2nd ed. Boston, Mass; Little Brown & Co.: 1994;1383.
    • (1994) Stein's Textbook of Medicine , pp. 1383
    • Levey, G.S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 12
    • 0028782187 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action
    • Brent G. The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:847-853.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 847-853
    • Brent, G.1
  • 13
    • 24644436920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T3 in euthyroid humans
    • Maia AL, Kim BW, Huang SA, Harney JW, Larsen PR. Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T3 in euthyroid humans. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:2524-2533.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2524-2533
    • Maia, A.L.1    Kim, B.W.2    Huang, S.A.3    Harney, J.W.4    Larsen, P.R.5
  • 14
    • 0036191639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
    • Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocrine Rev. 2002;23:38-89.
    • (2002) Endocrine Rev , vol.23 , pp. 38-89
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Salvatore, D.2    Gereben, B.3    Berry, M.J.4    Larsen, P.R.5
  • 16
    • 0025687882 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors
    • Lazar MA, Chin WW. Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:1777-1782.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 1777-1782
    • Lazar, M.A.1    Chin, W.W.2
  • 17
    • 0033853497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene regulation by thyroid hormone
    • Wu Y, Koenig RJ. Gene regulation by thyroid hormone. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2000;11:207-211.
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 207-211
    • Wu, Y.1    Koenig, R.J.2
  • 18
    • 25444508406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of serum T3 on the regulation of cardiac gene expression: Role of histone acetylation
    • Danzi S, Dubon P, Klein I. Effect of serum T3 on the regulation of cardiac gene expression: role of histone acetylation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289:1506-1511.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.289 , pp. 1506-1511
    • Danzi, S.1    Dubon, P.2    Klein, I.3
  • 19
    • 0141733258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of antisense RNA in coordinating cardiac myosin heavy chain gene switching
    • Haddad F, Bodell PW, Qin AX, Giger JM, Baldwin KM. Role of antisense RNA in coordinating cardiac myosin heavy chain gene switching. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:37132-37138.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 37132-37138
    • Haddad, F.1    Bodell, P.W.2    Qin, A.X.3    Giger, J.M.4    Baldwin, K.M.5
  • 20
    • 0034045480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors
    • Hu X, Lazar MA. Transcriptional repression by nuclear hormone receptors. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2000;11:6-10.
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , pp. 6-10
    • Hu, X.1    Lazar, M.A.2
  • 21
    • 0028272090 scopus 로고
    • Delineation of three different thyroid hormone-response elements in promoter of rat sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase gene
    • Hartong R, Wang N, Kurokawa R, Lazar MA, Glass CK, Apriletti, Dillmann WH. Delineation of three different thyroid hormone-response elements in promoter of rat sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase gene. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:13021-13029.
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 13021-13029
    • Hartong, R.1    Wang, N.2    Kurokawa, R.3    Lazar, M.A.4    Glass, C.K.5    Apriletti6    Dillmann, W.H.7
  • 22
    • 0025834418 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced left ventricular diastolic function in hyperthyroidism: Noninvasive assessment and response to treatment
    • Mintz G, Pizzarello R, Klein I. Enhanced left ventricular diastolic function in hyperthyroidism: noninvasive assessment and response to treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73:146-150.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.73 , pp. 146-150
    • Mintz, G.1    Pizzarello, R.2    Klein, I.3
  • 23
    • 0028363522 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone-induced alterations in phospholamban protein expression: Regulatory effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and myocardial relaxation
    • Kiss E, Jakab G, Kranias EG, Edes I. Thyroid hormone-induced alterations in phospholamban protein expression: regulatory effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and myocardial relaxation. Circ Res. 1994;75:245-251.
    • (1994) Circ Res , vol.75 , pp. 245-251
    • Kiss, E.1    Jakab, G.2    Kranias, E.G.3    Edes, I.4
  • 25
    • 0036018267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart
    • Davis PJ, Davis FB. Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on the heart. Thyroid. 2002;12:459-466.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 459-466
    • Davis, P.J.1    Davis, F.B.2
  • 27
    • 0030871067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct vasomotor effect of thyroid hormones on rat skeletal muscle resistance arteries
    • Park K, Dai H, Ojamaa K, Lowenstein E, Klein I, Sellke F. Direct vasomotor effect of thyroid hormones on rat skeletal muscle resistance arteries. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:734-738.
    • (1997) Anesth Analg , vol.85 , pp. 734-738
    • Park, K.1    Dai, H.2    Ojamaa, K.3    Lowenstein, E.4    Klein, I.5    Sellke, F.6
  • 31
    • 26844563370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone activates Akt and prevents serum starvation-induced cell death in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
    • Kuzman JA, Gerdes AM, Kobayashi S, Liang Q. Thyroid hormone activates Akt and prevents serum starvation-induced cell death in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005;39:841-844.
    • (2005) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.39 , pp. 841-844
    • Kuzman, J.A.1    Gerdes, A.M.2    Kobayashi, S.3    Liang, Q.4
  • 33
    • 0028956910 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal regulation of rat adrenomedullin gene in vasculature
    • Imai T, Hirata Y, Iwashina M, Marumo F. Hormonal regulation of rat adrenomedullin gene in vasculature. Endocrinology. 1995;136:1544-1548.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 1544-1548
    • Imai, T.1    Hirata, Y.2    Iwashina, M.3    Marumo, F.4
  • 34
    • 0035030656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine factors related to changes in total peripheral vascular resistance after treatment of thyrotoxic and hypothyroid patients
    • Diekman MJ, Harms MP, Endert E, Wieling W, Wiersinga WM. Endocrine factors related to changes in total peripheral vascular resistance after treatment of thyrotoxic and hypothyroid patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144:339-346.
    • (2001) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.144 , pp. 339-346
    • Diekman, M.J.1    Harms, M.P.2    Endert, E.3    Wieling, W.4    Wiersinga, W.M.5
  • 35
    • 0038403810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relevance of the plasma renin hormonal control system that regulates blood pressure and sodium balance for correctly treating hypertension and for evaluating ALLHAT
    • Laragh JH, Sealey JE. Relevance of the plasma renin hormonal control system that regulates blood pressure and sodium balance for correctly treating hypertension and for evaluating ALLHAT. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16:407-415.
    • (2003) Am J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 407-415
    • Laragh, J.H.1    Sealey, J.E.2
  • 36
    • 0034769910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of short-time application of a low sodium diet on blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during therapy
    • Marcisz C, Jonderko G, Kucharz EJ. Influence of short-time application of a low sodium diet on blood pressure in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism during therapy. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:995-1002.
    • (2001) Am J Hypertens , vol.14 , pp. 995-1002
    • Marcisz, C.1    Jonderko, G.2    Kucharz, E.J.3
  • 37
    • 0001653678 scopus 로고
    • Physiological studies of the natriuretic peptide family
    • Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds, New York: Raven Press;
    • Lewicki JA, Protter AA. Physiological studies of the natriuretic peptide family. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. New York: Raven Press; 1995:1029-1053.
    • (1995) Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management , pp. 1029-1053
    • Lewicki, J.A.1    Protter, A.A.2
  • 38
    • 35148879946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood in thyrotoxicosis
    • Braverman L, Utiger R, eds, 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers;
    • Fish SA, Mandel SJ. The blood in thyrotoxicosis. In: Braverman L, Utiger R, eds. Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 2005:595-598.
    • (2005) Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid , pp. 595-598
    • Fish, S.A.1    Mandel, S.J.2
  • 39
    • 0026755208 scopus 로고
    • Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism
    • Ladenson PW, Sherman SI, Baughman KL, Ray PE, Feldman AM. Reversible alterations in myocardial gene expression in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy and hypothyroidism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:5251-5255.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.89 , pp. 5251-5255
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Sherman, S.I.2    Baughman, K.L.3    Ray, P.E.4    Feldman, A.M.5
  • 42
    • 14744305751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of triiodothyronine on gene transcription during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants with ventricular septal defect
    • Danzi S, Klein I, Portman M. Effect of triiodothyronine on gene transcription during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants with ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:787-789.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.95 , pp. 787-789
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2    Portman, M.3
  • 43
    • 0022503944 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac size and myosin content of the heterotopically transplanted rat heart
    • Klein I, Hong C. Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac size and myosin content of the heterotopically transplanted rat heart. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:1694-1698.
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.77 , pp. 1694-1698
    • Klein, I.1    Hong, C.2
  • 46
    • 0031458136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone induces beta1-adrenergic receptor gene transcription through a direct repeat separated by five nucleotides
    • Bahouth SW, Cui X, Beauchamp MJ, Park EA. Thyroid hormone induces beta1-adrenergic receptor gene transcription through a direct repeat separated by five nucleotides. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1997;29:3223-3237.
    • (1997) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 3223-3237
    • Bahouth, S.W.1    Cui, X.2    Beauchamp, M.J.3    Park, E.A.4
  • 47
    • 0034099748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on action potential and repolarization currents in rat ventricular myocytes
    • Sun Z, Ojamaa K, Coetzee WA, Artman M, Klein I. Effects of thyroid hormone on action potential and repolarization currents in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;278:E302-E307.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.278
    • Sun, Z.1    Ojamaa, K.2    Coetzee, W.A.3    Artman, M.4    Klein, I.5
  • 49
    • 0033578662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone regulates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) mRNA in the rat heart
    • Pachucki J, Burmeister LA, Larsen PR. Thyroid hormone regulates hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) mRNA in the rat heart. Circ Res. 1999;85:498-503.
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.85 , pp. 498-503
    • Pachucki, J.1    Burmeister, L.A.2    Larsen, P.R.3
  • 50
    • 0023857463 scopus 로고
    • Stroke in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation
    • Petersen P, Hansen JM. Stroke in thyrotoxicosis with atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 1988;19:15-18.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 15-18
    • Petersen, P.1    Hansen, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 0030789341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac b-adrenergic responsiveness in conscious baboons
    • Hoit BD, Khoury SF, Shao Y, Gabel M, Ligget SB, Walsh RA. Effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac b-adrenergic responsiveness in conscious baboons. Circulation. 1997;96:592-598.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 592-598
    • Hoit, B.D.1    Khoury, S.F.2    Shao, Y.3    Gabel, M.4    Ligget, S.B.5    Walsh, R.A.6
  • 52
    • 0028074968 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs in the management of hyperthyroidism
    • Ventrella S, Klein I. Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs in the management of hyperthyroidism. The Endocrinologist. 1994;4:391-399.
    • (1994) The Endocrinologist , vol.4 , pp. 391-399
    • Ventrella, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 53
    • 33947536866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between blood pressure and serum TSH concentration within the reference range: A population-based study
    • Asvold BO, Bjoro T, Nilsen T, Vatten LJ. Association between blood pressure and serum TSH concentration within the reference range: a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;9:841-845.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.9 , pp. 841-845
    • Asvold, B.O.1    Bjoro, T.2    Nilsen, T.3    Vatten, L.J.4
  • 54
    • 3142552579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation
    • Danzi S, Klein I. Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2003;5:513-520.
    • (2003) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.5 , pp. 513-520
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 55
    • 33748520571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and blood pressure in a population-based study
    • Volzke H, Alte D, Dorr M, Wallaschofski H, John U, Felix SB, Rettig R. The association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and blood pressure in a population-based study. J Hypertens. 2006;24:1947-1953.
    • (2006) J Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 1947-1953
    • Volzke, H.1    Alte, D.2    Dorr, M.3    Wallaschofski, H.4    John, U.5    Felix, S.B.6    Rettig, R.7
  • 57
    • 33750957698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism: A secondary cause of isolated systolic hypertension
    • Prisant LM, Gujral JS, Mulloy AL. Hyperthyroidism: a secondary cause of isolated systolic hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2006;8:596-599.
    • (2006) J Clin Hypertens , vol.8 , pp. 596-599
    • Prisant, L.M.1    Gujral, J.S.2    Mulloy, A.L.3
  • 58
    • 3242679724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial contractility and total arterial stiffness in patients with overt hyperthyroidism: Acute effects of beta1-adrenergic blockade
    • Palmieri EA, Fazio S, Palmieri V, Lombardi G, Biondi B. Myocardial contractility and total arterial stiffness in patients with overt hyperthyroidism: acute effects of beta1-adrenergic blockade. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;150:757-762.
    • (2004) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.150 , pp. 757-762
    • Palmieri, E.A.1    Fazio, S.2    Palmieri, V.3    Lombardi, G.4    Biondi, B.5
  • 61
    • 33646162155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension and predominant right heart failure in thyrotoxicosis
    • Paran Y, Nimrod A, Goldin Y, Justo D. Pulmonary hypertension and predominant right heart failure in thyrotoxicosis. Resuscitation. 2006;69:339-341.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.69 , pp. 339-341
    • Paran, Y.1    Nimrod, A.2    Goldin, Y.3    Justo, D.4
  • 62
    • 23244455096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis and pulmonary hypertension
    • Ma RC, Cheng AY, So WY, Hui DS. Thyrotoxicosis and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Med. 2005;118:927-928.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 927-928
    • Ma, R.C.1    Cheng, A.Y.2    So, W.Y.3    Hui, D.S.4
  • 63
    • 0033506532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Curnock AL, Dweik RA, Higgins BH, Saadi HF, Arroliga AC. High prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Med Sci. 1999;318:289-292.
    • (1999) Am J Med Sci , vol.318 , pp. 289-292
    • Curnock, A.L.1    Dweik, R.A.2    Higgins, B.H.3    Saadi, H.F.4    Arroliga, A.C.5
  • 64
    • 0036229326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disease and lipids
    • Duntas LH. Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid. 2002;12:287-293.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 287-293
    • Duntas, L.H.1
  • 66
    • 0026645676 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: Effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues
    • Staub JJ, Althaus BU, Engler H, Ryff AS, Trabucco P, Marquardt K, Burckhardt D, Girard J, Weintraub BD. Spectrum of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism: effect on thyrotropin, prolactin, and thyroid reserve, and metabolic impact on peripheral target tissues. Am J Med. 1992;92:631-642.
    • (1992) Am J Med , vol.92 , pp. 631-642
    • Staub, J.J.1    Althaus, B.U.2    Engler, H.3    Ryff, A.S.4    Trabucco, P.5    Marquardt, K.6    Burckhardt, D.7    Girard, J.8    Weintraub, B.D.9
  • 67
    • 34249854618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: Randomised, crossover trial
    • Razvi S, Ingoe L, Keeka G, Oates C, McMillan C, Weaver JU. The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomised, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1715-1723.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 1715-1723
    • Razvi, S.1    Ingoe, L.2    Keeka, G.3    Oates, C.4    McMillan, C.5    Weaver, J.U.6
  • 68
    • 0036283615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: Response to replacement, a randomized placebo-controlled study
    • Caraccio N, Ferrannini E, Monzani F. Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to replacement, a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:1533-1538.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Caraccio, N.1    Ferrannini, E.2    Monzani, F.3
  • 69
    • 0019826837 scopus 로고
    • Defects of receptor-mediated low-density lipoprotein catabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism in vivo
    • Thompson GR, Soutar AK, Spengel FA, Jadhav A, Gavigan SJ, Myant NB. Defects of receptor-mediated low-density lipoprotein catabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981;78:2591-2595.
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.78 , pp. 2591-2595
    • Thompson, G.R.1    Soutar, A.K.2    Spengel, F.A.3    Jadhav, A.4    Gavigan, S.J.5    Myant, N.B.6
  • 70
    • 33749067460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of thyroid disease in the development of statin-induced myopathy
    • Rush J, Danzi S, Klein I. Role of thyroid disease in the development of statin-induced myopathy. The Endocrinologist. 2006;16:279-285.
    • (2006) The Endocrinologist , vol.16 , pp. 279-285
    • Rush, J.1    Danzi, S.2    Klein, I.3
  • 71
    • 0842269844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the human cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) by thyroid hormone in transgenic mice
    • Drover VAB, Agellon LB. Regulation of the human cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) by thyroid hormone in transgenic mice. Endocrinology. 2004;145:574-581.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 574-581
    • Drover, V.A.B.1    Agellon, L.B.2
  • 72
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:270-278.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3    Drexhage, H.A.4    Hofman, A.5    Witteman, J.C.6
  • 73
    • 0019982586 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism: Evidence for a possible reversible cardiomyopathy
    • Forfar JC, Muir AL, Sawyers SA, Toft AD. Abnormal left ventricular function in hyperthyroidism: evidence for a possible reversible cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1165-1170.
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 1165-1170
    • Forfar, J.C.1    Muir, A.L.2    Sawyers, S.A.3    Toft, A.D.4
  • 77
    • 23144439588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moyamoya disease associated with Graves disease: Special considerations regarding clinical significance and management
    • Im SH, Oh CW, Kwon OK, Kim JE, Han DH. Moyamoya disease associated with Graves disease: special considerations regarding clinical significance and management. J Neurosurg. 2005;102:1013-1017.
    • (2005) J Neurosurg , vol.102 , pp. 1013-1017
    • Im, S.H.1    Oh, C.W.2    Kwon, O.K.3    Kim, J.E.4    Han, D.H.5
  • 78
    • 33845892469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular symptoms and cardiac rate and rhythm abnormalities improve with treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism
    • Osman F, Franklyn JA, Holder RL, Sheppard MC, Gammage MD. Cardiovascular symptoms and cardiac rate and rhythm abnormalities improve with treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:71-81.
    • (2007) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.49 , pp. 71-81
    • Osman, F.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Holder, R.L.3    Sheppard, M.C.4    Gammage, M.D.5
  • 80
    • 0023857370 scopus 로고
    • Graves' disease: Influence of age on clinical findings
    • Nordyke RA, Gilbert FI Jr, Harada AS. Graves' disease: influence of age on clinical findings. Arch Intern Med. 1988;148:626-631.
    • (1988) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 626-631
    • Nordyke, R.A.1    Gilbert Jr, F.I.2    Harada, A.S.3
  • 81
    • 0034099271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a place for the late cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation
    • Nakazawa H, Lythall DA, Noh J, Ishikawa N, Sugino K, Ito K, Hardman SM. Is there a place for the late cardioversion of atrial fibrillation? A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:327-333.
    • (2000) Eur Heart J , vol.21 , pp. 327-333
    • Nakazawa, H.1    Lythall, D.A.2    Noh, J.3    Ishikawa, N.4    Sugino, K.5    Ito, K.6    Hardman, S.M.7
  • 83
    • 3843123141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: A population-based study
    • Frost L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L. Hyperthyroidism and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1675-1678.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 1675-1678
    • Frost, L.1    Vestergaard, P.2    Mosekilde, L.3
  • 84
    • 0029807641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful is thyroid function testing in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation? The Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators
    • Krahn AD, Klein GJ, Kerr CR, Boone J, Sheldon R, Green M, Talajic M, Wang X, Connolly S. How useful is thyroid function testing in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation? The Canadian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2221-2224.
    • (1996) Arch Intern Med , vol.156 , pp. 2221-2224
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Klein, G.J.2    Kerr, C.R.3    Boone, J.4    Sheldon, R.5    Green, M.6    Talajic, M.7    Wang, X.8    Connolly, S.9
  • 86
    • 0021722961 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroid hormone on sodium pump sites, sodium content, and contractile responses to cardiac glycosides in cultured chick ventricular cells
    • Kim D, Smith TW. Effects of thyroid hormone on sodium pump sites, sodium content, and contractile responses to cardiac glycosides in cultured chick ventricular cells. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:1481-1488.
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.74 , pp. 1481-1488
    • Kim, D.1    Smith, T.W.2
  • 88
    • 0034814620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Frye RL, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Klein WW, Levy S, McNamara RL, Prystowsky EN, Wann LS, Wyse DG, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, Alpert JS, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gregoratos G, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Russell RO, Smith SC, Klein WW, Alonso-Garcia A, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, De Backer G, Flather M, Hradec J, Oto A, Parkhomenko A, Silber S, Torbicki A; American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology Board. ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Col Cardiol. 2001;38:1231-1266.
    • Fuster V, Ryden LE, Asinger RW, Cannom DS, Crijns HJ, Frye RL, Halperin JL, Kay GN, Klein WW, Levy S, McNamara RL, Prystowsky EN, Wann LS, Wyse DG, Gibbons RJ, Antman EM, Alpert JS, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gregoratos G, Hiratzka LF, Jacobs AK, Russell RO, Smith SC, Klein WW, Alonso-Garcia A, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, De Backer G, Flather M, Hradec J, Oto A, Parkhomenko A, Silber S, Torbicki A; American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology Board. ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Col Cardiol. 2001;38:1231-1266.
  • 92
    • 0009063347 scopus 로고
    • Thyrocardiac disease and its management with radioactive iodine I-131
    • Delit C, Silver S, Yohalem SB, Segal RL. Thyrocardiac disease and its management with radioactive iodine I-131. JAMA. 1961;29:262-267.
    • (1961) JAMA , vol.29 , pp. 262-267
    • Delit, C.1    Silver, S.2    Yohalem, S.B.3    Segal, R.L.4
  • 94
    • 21444457287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism
    • Franklyn JA, Sheppard MC, Maisonneuve P. Thyroid function and mortality in patients treated for hyperthyroidism. JAMA. 2005;294:71-80.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , pp. 71-80
    • Franklyn, J.A.1    Sheppard, M.C.2    Maisonneuve, P.3
  • 95
    • 0014249434 scopus 로고
    • Myxedema and coronary artery disease: A comparative autopsy study
    • Steinberg AD. Myxedema and coronary artery disease: a comparative autopsy study. Ann Intern Med. 1968;68:338-344.
    • (1968) Ann Intern Med , vol.68 , pp. 338-344
    • Steinberg, A.D.1
  • 97
    • 33845500752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free thyroxine index and risk of stroke: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-up Study
    • Qureshi AI, Suri FK, Nasar A, Kirmani JF, Divani AA, Giles WH. Free thyroxine index and risk of stroke: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-up Study. Med Sci Monit. 2006;12:CR501-CR506.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12
    • Qureshi, A.I.1    Suri, F.K.2    Nasar, A.3    Kirmani, J.F.4    Divani, A.A.5    Giles, W.H.6
  • 98
    • 3142691997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk: A reason to treat?
    • Palmieri EA, Fazio S, Lombardi G, Biondi B. Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk: a reason to treat? Treat Endocrinol. 2004;3:233-244.
    • (2004) Treat Endocrinol , vol.3 , pp. 233-244
    • Palmieri, E.A.1    Fazio, S.2    Lombardi, G.3    Biondi, B.4
  • 99
    • 0020621453 scopus 로고
    • Long QT interval and ventricular tachycardia of "torsade de pointe" type in hypothyroidism
    • Fredlund BO, Olsson SB. Long QT interval and ventricular tachycardia of "torsade de pointe" type in hypothyroidism. Acta Med Scand. 1983;213:231-235.
    • (1983) Acta Med Scand , vol.213 , pp. 231-235
    • Fredlund, B.O.1    Olsson, S.B.2
  • 100
    • 34250832312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms {alpha}1 and {beta}1 improves contractile function in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
    • Belke DD, Gloss B, Swanson EA, Dillmann WH. Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms {alpha}1 and {beta}1 improves contractile function in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Endocrinology. 2007;148:2870-2877.
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , pp. 2870-2877
    • Belke, D.D.1    Gloss, B.2    Swanson, E.A.3    Dillmann, W.H.4
  • 101
    • 0020028068 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting resolution of pericardial effusions in primary hypothyroidism: A clinical
    • Khaleeli AA, Memon N. Factors affecting resolution of pericardial effusions in primary hypothyroidism: a clinical Postgrad Med J. 1982;58:473-476.
    • (1982) Postgrad Med J , vol.58 , pp. 473-476
    • Khaleeli, A.A.1    Memon, N.2
  • 103
    • 0035883894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: A 10-year cohort study
    • Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Boyle P, Franklyn JA. Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet. 2001;358:861-865.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 861-865
    • Parle, J.V.1    Maisonneuve, P.2    Sheppard, M.C.3    Boyle, P.4    Franklyn, J.A.5
  • 105
    • 0037300574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated C-reactive protein and homocysteine values: Cardiovascular risk factors in hypothyroidism? A cross-sectional and a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
    • Christ-Crain M, Meier C, Guglielmetti M, Huber PR, Riesen W, Staub JJ, Muller B. Elevated C-reactive protein and homocysteine values: cardiovascular risk factors in hypothyroidism? A cross-sectional and a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Atherosclerosis. 2003;166:379-386.
    • (2003) Atherosclerosis , vol.166 , pp. 379-386
    • Christ-Crain, M.1    Meier, C.2    Guglielmetti, M.3    Huber, P.R.4    Riesen, W.5    Staub, J.J.6    Muller, B.7
  • 106
    • 33745924975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis
    • Rodondi N, Aujesky D, Vittinghoff E, Cornuz J, Bauer DC. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119:541-551.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , pp. 541-551
    • Rodondi, N.1    Aujesky, D.2    Vittinghoff, E.3    Cornuz, J.4    Bauer, D.C.5
  • 108
    • 13444287756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triiodothyronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure
    • Pingitore A, Landi P, Taddei MC, Ripoli A, L'Abbate A, Iervasi G. Triiodothyronine levels for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Med. 2005;118:132-136.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 132-136
    • Pingitore, A.1    Landi, P.2    Taddei, M.C.3    Ripoli, A.4    L'Abbate, A.5    Iervasi, G.6
  • 110
    • 0030657629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: Prevention with T3
    • Katzeff HL, Powell SR, Ojamaa K. Alterations in cardiac contractility and gene expression during low-T3 syndrome: prevention with T3. Am J Physiol. 1997;273:E951-E956.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Katzeff, H.L.1    Powell, S.R.2    Ojamaa, K.3
  • 111
    • 0021354702 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and chemical assessment of thyroid function during therapy with amiodarone
    • Amico JA, Richardson V, Alpert B, Klein I. Clinical and chemical assessment of thyroid function during therapy with amiodarone. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:487-490.
    • (1984) Arch Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 487-490
    • Amico, J.A.1    Richardson, V.2    Alpert, B.3    Klein, I.4
  • 112
    • 0031017068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of amiodarone on thyroid function
    • Harjai KJ, Licata AA. Effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Ann Intern Med. 2006;126:63-73.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , pp. 63-73
    • Harjai, K.J.1    Licata, A.A.2
  • 114
    • 33846985971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations
    • Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Tomisti L, Rossi G, Tanda ML, Dell'Unto E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Martino E. Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroiditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:556-562.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 556-562
    • Bogazzi, F.1    Bartalena, L.2    Tomisti, L.3    Rossi, G.4    Tanda, M.L.5    Dell'Unto, E.6    Aghini-Lombardi, F.7    Martino, E.8
  • 115
    • 0029787591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, a difficult challenge: Results from a prospective study
    • Bartalena L, Brogioni S, Grasso L, Bogazzi F, Burelli A, Martino E. Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, a difficult challenge: results from a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:2930-2933.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 2930-2933
    • Bartalena, L.1    Brogioni, S.2    Grasso, L.3    Bogazzi, F.4    Burelli, A.5    Martino, E.6
  • 117
    • 0026778125 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis with carbimazole alone and continuation of amiodarone
    • Davies PH, Franklyn JA, Sheppard MC. Treatment of amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis with carbimazole alone and continuation of amiodarone. BMJ. 1992;305:224-225.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.305 , pp. 224-225
    • Davies, P.H.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 118
    • 0036018279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroidectomy using local anesthesia in critically ill patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: A review and description of the technique
    • Williams M, Lo Gerfo P. Thyroidectomy using local anesthesia in critically ill patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a review and description of the technique. Thyroid. 2002;12:523-525.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 523-525
    • Williams, M.1    Lo Gerfo, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.