메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 999-1008

Mechanisms and models in heart failure: A combinatorial approach

Author keywords

Cytokine; Heart failure; Mechanism remodeling; Neurohormone

Indexed keywords

HEART FAILURE; HEART HEMODYNAMICS; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE FUNCTION; HEART OUTPUT; HUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0033621141     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.100.9.999     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (688)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0027467093 scopus 로고
    • How should physicians view heart failure? - The philosophical and physiological evolution of three conceptual models of the disease
    • Packer M. How should physicians view heart failure? - The philosophical and physiological evolution of three conceptual models of the disease. Am J Cordiol. 1993;71:C3-C11.
    • (1993) Am J Cordiol , vol.71
    • Packer, M.1
  • 2
    • 0026695294 scopus 로고
    • The neurohormonal hypothesis: A theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure
    • Packer M. The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:248-254.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 248-254
    • Packer, M.1
  • 4
    • 0031661530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 years of heart-failure trials: What have we learned?
    • Massie BM. 15 years of heart-failure trials: what have we learned? Lancet. 1998;352(suppl 1):29-33.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 29-33
    • Massie, B.M.1
  • 7
    • 0029845123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart: A new era in the treatment of heart failure
    • Eichhorn EJ, Bristow M. Medical therapy can improve the biological properties of the chronically failing heart: a new era in the treatment of heart failure. Circulation. 1997;94:2285-2296.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 2285-2296
    • Eichhorn, E.J.1    Bristow, M.2
  • 8
    • 0022492202 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: Evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity
    • Hasking GJ, Esler MD, Jennings GL, Burton D, Korner PI. Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity. Circulation. 1986;73:615-621.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 615-621
    • Hasking, G.J.1    Esler, M.D.2    Jennings, G.L.3    Burton, D.4    Korner, P.I.5
  • 9
    • 0021361317 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandins in severe congestive heart failure: Relation to activation of the renin-angiotensin system and hyponatremia
    • Dzau VJ, Packer M, Lilly LS, Swartz SL, Hollenberg NK, Williams GH. Prostaglandins in severe congestive heart failure: relation to activation of the renin-angiotensin system and hyponatremia. N Engl J Med. 1984;310: 347-352.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 347-352
    • Dzau, V.J.1    Packer, M.2    Lilly, L.S.3    Swartz, S.L.4    Hollenberg, N.K.5    Williams, G.H.6
  • 10
    • 0019508224 scopus 로고
    • Relation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to clinical state in congestive heart failure
    • Dzau VJ, Colucci WS, Hollenberg NK, Williams GH. Relation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to clinical state in congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1981;63:645-651.
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , pp. 645-651
    • Dzau, V.J.1    Colucci, W.S.2    Hollenberg, N.K.3    Williams, G.H.4
  • 11
    • 0021612202 scopus 로고
    • The adrenergic nervous system in heart failure
    • Bristow MR. The adrenergic nervous system in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:850-851.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 850-851
    • Bristow, M.R.1
  • 13
    • 0026558346 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic effects on the biology of the adult mammalian cardiocyte
    • Mann DL, Kent RL, Parsons B, Cooper G IV. Adrenergic effects on the biology of the adult mammalian cardiocyte. Circulation. 1992;85: 790-804.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 790-804
    • Mann, D.L.1    Kent, R.L.2    Parsons, B.3    Cooper G. IV4
  • 16
    • 0025913812 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:293-302.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 293-302
  • 17
    • 0026785561 scopus 로고
    • Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
    • The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:685-691.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 685-691
  • 20
    • 0028883828 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group
    • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR, MacFarlane PW, Mckillop JH, Packard CJ. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group [see comments]. N Engl J Med. 1995;333: 1301-1307.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Shepherd, J.1    Cobbe, S.M.2    Ford, I.3    Isles, C.G.4    Lorimer, A.R.5    MacFarlane, P.W.6    McKillop, J.H.7    Packard, C.J.8
  • 22
    • 0028914277 scopus 로고
    • Effects of angiotensin II generated by an angiotensin converting enzymeindependent pathway on left ventricular performance in the conscious baboon
    • Hoit BD, Shao Y, Kinoshita A, Gabel M, Husain A, Walsh RA. Effects of angiotensin II generated by an angiotensin converting enzymeindependent pathway on left ventricular performance in the conscious baboon. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:1519-1527.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 1519-1527
    • Hoit, B.D.1    Shao, Y.2    Kinoshita, A.3    Gabel, M.4    Husain, A.5    Walsh, R.A.6
  • 23
    • 0029037793 scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for heart failure: Ventricular remodeling and its pharmacological inhibition
    • Cohn JN. Structural basis for heart failure: ventricular remodeling and its pharmacological inhibition. Circulation. 1995;91:2504-2507.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2504-2507
    • Cohn, J.N.1
  • 24
    • 0024504249 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular shape, afterload, and survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Douglas PS, Morrow R, Ioli A, Reicheck N. Left ventricular shape, afterload, and survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;13:311-315.
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.13 , pp. 311-315
    • Douglas, P.S.1    Morrow, R.2    Ioli, A.3    Reicheck, N.4
  • 25
    • 0031003333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular dilation and the risk of congestive heart failure in people without myocardial infarction
    • Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Levy D. Left ventricular dilation and the risk of congestive heart failure in people without myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1350-1355.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1350-1355
    • Vasan, R.S.1    Larson, M.G.2    Benjamin, E.J.3    Evans, J.C.4    Levy, D.5
  • 26
    • 0345489065 scopus 로고
    • Heart failure from the point of view of quantitative anatomy
    • Linzbach AJ. Heart failure from the point of view of quantitative anatomy. Am J Cardiol. 1960;69:370-382.
    • (1960) Am J Cardiol , vol.69 , pp. 370-382
    • Linzbach, A.J.1
  • 29
    • 0026542534 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium handling in isolated ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure
    • Beuckelmann DJ, Nabauer M, Erdmann E. Intracellular calcium handling in isolated ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure. Circulation. 1992;85:1046-1055.
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 1046-1055
    • Beuckelmann, D.J.1    Nabauer, M.2    Erdmann, E.3
  • 31
    • 0028860791 scopus 로고
    • Reduced contraction and altered frequency response of isolated ventricular myocytes from patients with heart failure
    • Davies CH, Davia K, Bennett JG, Pepper JR, Poole-Wilson PA, Harding SE. Reduced contraction and altered frequency response of isolated ventricular myocytes from patients with heart failure. Circulation. 1995;92: 2540-2549.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 2540-2549
    • Davies, C.H.1    Davia, K.2    Bennett, J.G.3    Pepper, J.R.4    Poole-Wilson, P.A.5    Harding, S.E.6
  • 32
    • 0028283241 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic b-adrenergic blockade on the left ventricular and cardiocyte abnormalities of chronic canine mitral regurgitation
    • Tsutsui H, Spinale FG, Nagatsu M, Schmid PG, Ishihara K, DeFreyte G, Cooper G IV, Carabello BA. Effects of chronic b-adrenergic blockade on the left ventricular and cardiocyte abnormalities of chronic canine mitral regurgitation. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:2639-2648.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 2639-2648
    • Tsutsui, H.1    Spinale, F.G.2    Nagatsu, M.3    Schmid, P.G.4    Ishihara, K.5    Defreyte, G.6    Cooper G. IV7    Carabello, B.A.8
  • 33
    • 0028951035 scopus 로고
    • Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade
    • Hall SA, Cigarroa CG, Marcoux L, Risser RC, Grayburn PA, Eichhorn EJ. Time course of improvement in left ventricular function, mass and geometry in patients with congestive heart failure treated with beta-adrenergic blockade. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1154-1161.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 1154-1161
    • Hall, S.A.1    Cigarroa, C.G.2    Marcoux, L.3    Risser, R.C.4    Grayburn, P.A.5    Eichhorn, E.J.6
  • 34
    • 0032537621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocyte recovery after mechanical circulatory support in humans with end-stage heart failure
    • Dipla K, Mattiello JA, Jeevanandam V, Houser SR, Margulies KB. Myocyte recovery after mechanical circulatory support in humans with end-stage heart failure. Circulation. 1998;97:2316-2322.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2316-2322
    • Dipla, K.1    Mattiello, J.A.2    Jeevanandam, V.3    Houser, S.R.4    Margulies, K.B.5
  • 35
    • 0342704961 scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophie cardioque caus'ee par l'adrenaline et la toxine typhique
    • Josue O. Hypertrophie cardioque caus'ee par l'adrenaline et la toxine typhique. C R Soc Biol (Paris). 1907;63:285-290.
    • (1907) C R Soc Biol (Paris) , vol.63 , pp. 285-290
    • Josue, O.1
  • 36
    • 0030723975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating cardiac troponin I in severe congestive heart failure
    • Missov E, Calzolari C, Pau B. Circulating cardiac troponin I in severe congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1997;96:2953-2958.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 2953-2958
    • Missov, E.1    Calzolari, C.2    Pau, B.3
  • 40
    • 0001739436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activatiing p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to Bax protein ratio in the cell
    • Leri A, Claudio PP, Li Q, Wang X, Reiss K, Wang S, Malhotra A, Kajstura J, Anversa P. Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activatiing p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to Bax protein ratio in the cell. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:1326-1342.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 1326-1342
    • Leri, A.1    Claudio, P.P.2    Li, Q.3    Wang, X.4    Reiss, K.5    Wang, S.6    Malhotra, A.7    Kajstura, J.8    Anversa, P.9
  • 42
    • 0032578406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the b-adrenergic pathway
    • Communal C, Singh K, Pimentel DR, Colucci WS. Norepinephrine stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation of the b-adrenergic pathway. Circulation. 1998;98:1329-1334.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1329-1334
    • Communal, C.1    Singh, K.2    Pimentel, D.R.3    Colucci, W.S.4
  • 43
    • 0032485851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and selective upregulation in LV myocardium from patients with end-stage heart failure
    • Thomas CV, Coker ML, Zellner JL, Handy JR, Crumbley JA III, Spinale FG. Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and selective upregulation in LV myocardium from patients with end-stage heart failure. Circulation. 1998;97:1708-1715.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1708-1715
    • Thomas, C.V.1    Coker, M.L.2    Zellner, J.L.3    Handy, J.R.4    Crumbley J.A. III5    Spinale, F.G.6
  • 45
    • 0030043849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix metalloproteinase activity expression in infarcted, noninfarcted and dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts
    • Tyagi SC, Campbell SE, Reddy HK, Tjahja E, Voelker DJ. Matrix metalloproteinase activity expression in infarcted, noninfarcted and dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996;155: 13-21.
    • (1996) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.155 , pp. 13-21
    • Tyagi, S.C.1    Campbell, S.E.2    Reddy, H.K.3    Tjahja, E.4    Voelker, D.J.5
  • 46
    • 0001751017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the failing human heart
    • Li YY, Feldman AM, Sun Y, McTiernan CF. Differential expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the failing human heart. Circulation. 1998;98:1728-1734.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1728-1734
    • Li, Y.Y.1    Feldman, A.M.2    Sun, Y.3    McTiernan, C.F.4
  • 47
    • 0030657676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular matrix remodeling in heart failure. A role for de novo angiotensin II generation
    • Weber KT. Extracellular matrix remodeling in heart failure. A role for de novo angiotensin II generation. Circulation. 1997;96:4065-4082.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 4065-4082
    • Weber, K.T.1
  • 48
    • 85047680324 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial fibrosis - Functional significance and regulatory factors
    • Weber KT, Brilla CG, Janicki JS. Myocardial fibrosis - functional significance and regulatory factors. Cardiovasc Res. 1993;27:341-348.
    • (1993) Cardiovasc Res , vol.27 , pp. 341-348
    • Weber, K.T.1    Brilla, C.G.2    Janicki, J.S.3
  • 49
    • 0028230940 scopus 로고
    • Structural remodeling in hypertensive heart disease and the role of hormones
    • Weber KT, Sun Y, Guarda E. Structural remodeling in hypertensive heart disease and the role of hormones. Hypertension. 1994;23:869-877.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 869-877
    • Weber, K.T.1    Sun, Y.2    Guarda, E.3
  • 50
  • 51
    • 0021741778 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular function and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after surgery
    • Krayenbuehl HP, Hess OM, Schneider J, Turina M. Left ventricular function and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after surgery. Herz. 1984;9:270-278.
    • (1984) Herz , vol.9 , pp. 270-278
    • Krayenbuehl, H.P.1    Hess, O.M.2    Schneider, J.3    Turina, M.4
  • 53
    • 0021978847 scopus 로고
    • Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: Implications for surgical therapy
    • Ross J Jr. Afterload mismatch in aortic and mitral valve disease: implications for surgical therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;5:811-826.
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.5 , pp. 811-826
    • Ross J., Jr.1
  • 54
    • 0020680601 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cardiac contraction. What roles for preload, afterload and inotropic state in heart failure?
    • Ross JJ. Mechanisms of cardiac contraction. What roles for preload, afterload and inotropic state in heart failure? Eur Heart J. 1983;4(suppl A): 19-28.
    • (1983) Eur Heart J , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. A , pp. 19-28
    • Ross, J.J.1
  • 55
    • 0022510219 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy and pathophysiology of congestive heart failure
    • Hirota Y, Saito T, Kita Y, Shimizu G, Kino M, Kawamura K. The natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy and pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. J Cardiogr (suppl) 1986;67-76.
    • (1986) J Cardiogr , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 67-76
    • Hirota, Y.1    Saito, T.2    Kita, Y.3    Shimizu, G.4    Kino, M.5    Kawamura, K.6
  • 57
    • 0023783822 scopus 로고
    • Reduced subendocardial myocardial perfusion as one mechanism for congestive heart failure
    • Vatner SF. Reduced subendocardial myocardial perfusion as one mechanism for congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62:94E-98E.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62
    • Vatner, S.F.1
  • 58
    • 0027504692 scopus 로고
    • Impaired regional subendocardial coronary flow reserve in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure
    • Shannon RP, Komamura K, Shen YT, Bishop SP, Vatner SF. Impaired regional subendocardial coronary flow reserve in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:H801-H809.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265
    • Shannon, R.P.1    Komamura, K.2    Shen, Y.T.3    Bishop, S.P.4    Vatner, S.F.5
  • 59
    • 0029010892 scopus 로고
    • Impaired subendocardial function in tachycardia-induced cardiac failure
    • LeGrice IJ, Takayama Y, Holmes JW, Covell JW. Impaired subendocardial function in tachycardia-induced cardiac failure. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H1788-H1794.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • LeGrice, I.J.1    Takayama, Y.2    Holmes, J.W.3    Covell, J.W.4
  • 60
    • 0031706081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets for heart-failure therapy: Endothelin, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress
    • Givertz MM, Colucci WS. New targets for heart-failure therapy: endothelin, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Lancet. 1998; 352(suppl 1):SI34-SI38.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Givertz, M.M.1    Colucci, W.S.2
  • 61
    • 0030794617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α gene and protein expression in adult feline myocardium
    • Kapadia S, Oral H, Lee J, Nakano M, Taffet GE, Mann DL. Hemodynamic regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α gene and protein expression in adult feline myocardium. Circ Res. 1997;81:187-195.
    • (1997) Circ Res , vol.81 , pp. 187-195
    • Kapadia, S.1    Oral, H.2    Lee, J.3    Nakano, M.4    Taffet, G.E.5    Mann, D.L.6
  • 62
    • 0027722248 scopus 로고
    • Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro
    • Sadoshima JI, Xu Y, Slayter HS, Izumo S. Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro. Cell. 1993;75:977-984.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.75 , pp. 977-984
    • Sadoshima, J.I.1    Xu, Y.2    Slayter, H.S.3    Izumo, S.4
  • 63
    • 0027043314 scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular shape is the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure
    • Kono T, Sabbah HN, Rosman H, Alam M, Jafri S, Goldstein S. Left ventricular shape is the primary determinant of functional mitral regurgitation in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1594-1598.
    • (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 1594-1598
    • Kono, T.1    Sabbah, H.N.2    Rosman, H.3    Alam, M.4    Jafri, S.5    Goldstein, S.6
  • 65
    • 0029033797 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of chronic ventricular dilation in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy by prolonged mechanical unloading
    • Levin HR, Oz MC, Chen JM, Packer M, Rose EA, Burkhoff D. Reversal of chronic ventricular dilation in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy by prolonged mechanical unloading. Circulation. 1995;91:2717-2720.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2717-2720
    • Levin, H.R.1    Oz, M.C.2    Chen, J.M.3    Packer, M.4    Rose, E.A.5    Burkhoff, D.6
  • 66
    • 0029050016 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
    • Greenberg B, Quinones MA, Koilpillai C, Limacher M, Shindler D, Benedict CR, Shelton B. Effects of long-term enalapril therapy on cardiac structure and function in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1995;91:2573-2581.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 2573-2581
    • Greenberg, B.1    Quinones, M.A.2    Koilpillai, C.3    Limacher, M.4    Shindler, D.5    Benedict, C.R.6    Shelton, B.7
  • 68
    • 0030997947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease
    • Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Gamble G, MacMahon S, Sharpe N. Left ventricular remodeling with carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;29: 1060-1066.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 1060-1066
    • Doughty, R.N.1    Whalley, G.A.2    Gamble, G.3    MacMahon, S.4    Sharpe, N.5
  • 69
    • 0029799092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the heart
    • Colucci WS. Apoptosis in the heart. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1224-1226.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1224-1226
    • Colucci, W.S.1
  • 70
    • 0031706081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets for heart-failure therapy: Endothelin, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress
    • Givertz MM, Colucci WS. New targets for heart-failure therapy: endothelin, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Lancet. 1998;352: 34-38.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 34-38
    • Givertz, M.M.1    Colucci, W.S.2
  • 71
    • 0027279257 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation and long-term survival of C2C12 myoblast grafts in heart
    • Koh GY, Klug MG, Soonpaa MH, Field LJ. Differentiation and long-term survival of C2C12 myoblast grafts in heart. J Clin Invest. 1993; 1548-1554.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , pp. 1548-1554
    • Koh, G.Y.1    Klug, M.G.2    Soonpaa, M.H.3    Field, L.J.4
  • 72
    • 0030229576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction as a problem of growth control: Cell cycle therapy for cardiac myocytes?
    • Schneider MD. Myocardial infarction as a problem of growth control: cell cycle therapy for cardiac myocytes? J Card Fail. 1996;2:259-263.
    • (1996) J Card Fail , vol.2 , pp. 259-263
    • Schneider, M.D.1
  • 74
    • 0032573115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the failing human heart: Breaking the tie that binds
    • Mann DL, Spinale FG. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the failing human heart: breaking the tie that binds. Circulation. 1998;98: 1699-1702.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1699-1702
    • Mann, D.L.1    Spinale, F.G.2
  • 75
    • 0033514046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS II): A randomized trial
    • CIBIS Investigators, and Committee. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS II): a randomized trial. Lancet. 1999;353:9-13.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 9-13
  • 76
    • 0030902115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (evaluation of losartan in the elderly study. ELITE)
    • Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA, Meurers G, Cowley AJ, Thomas I, Deedwania PC, Ney DE, Snavely DB, Chang PJ, for the ELITE Investigators. Randomized trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (evaluation of losartan in the elderly study. ELITE). Lancet. 1997;349:747-752.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 747-752
    • Pitt, B.1    Segal, R.2    Martinez, F.A.3    Meurers, G.4    Cowley, A.J.5    Thomas, I.6    Deedwania, P.C.7    Ney, D.E.8    Snavely, D.B.9    Chang, P.J.10


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.