Learner-centred medical education: Improved learning or increased stress?

Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2009, Pages

  McLean, M ^a   Gibbs, T J ^b  

^a UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY   (United Arab Emirates)

^b CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Biopsychosocial model; Learner centred; Medical education; Patient centred care

Indexed keywords

EID: 74249089973     PISSN: 13576283     EISSN: 14695804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Note

References (83)

1. Althouse, L.A., Stritter, F.T., & Steiner, B.D. (1999). Attitudes and approaches of influential role models in clinical education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 4(2), 111-122.
2. American Medical Association Initiative to Transform Medical Education (ITME). (2007). Recommendations for change in the system of medical education. Chicago: American Medical Association.
3. Arulampalam, W., Naylor, R.A., & Smith, J.P. (2007). Dropping out of medical school in the UK: Explaining the changes over ten years. Medical Education, 41, 385-394.
4. Australian Medical Association. (2007). Pre-internship in medical school. Retrieved June 22, 2008, from http://ama.com.au/node/2713
5. Balint, E. (1969). The possibilities of patient-centred medicine. Journal of the Royal College General Practitioners, 17, 269-276.
6. Barrows, H.S. (1983). Problem-based, self-directed learning. Medical Journal of Australia, 250, 3077-3080.
7. Barrows, H.S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Medical Education, 20, 481-486.
8. Beach, M.C., Inui, T., & the Relationship-centred Care Research Network. (2006). Relationship-centred care. A constructive reframing. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, S3-S8.
9. Branch, W.T. (2000). The ethics of caring and medical education. Academic Medicine, 75, 127-132.
10. Brandes, D., & Ginnes, P. (1986). A guide to student centred learning. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
11. Christenson, C.E., McBride, R.B., Vari, R.C., Olson, L., & Wilson, H.D. (2007). From traditional to patient-centred learning: Curriculum change as an intervention for changing institutional culture and promoting professionalism in undergraduate medical education. Academic Medicine, 82, 1079-1088.
12. College of Family Physicians of Canada. (2008). Rethinking undergraduate medical education. A view from Family Medicine. Undergraduate Education Committee. Ontario: College of Family Physicians of Canada, College of Family.
13. Cottingham, A.H., Suchman, A.L., Litzelman, D.K., Frankel, R.M., Mossbarger, D.L., Williamson, P.R., Baldwin, D.C., & Unui, T.S. (2008). Enhancing the informal curriculum of a medical school: A case study in organizational culture. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(6), 715-722.
14. Des Marchais, J.E., Bureau, M.A., Dumais, B., & Pigeon, G. (1992). From traditional to problem-based learning. Medical Education, 26, 190-199.
15. Dewey, J. (1956). The Child and the curriculum and the school and society. University Press, Chicago, Illinois.
16. Dornan, T., Hadfield, J., Brown, M., Boshuizen, H., & Scherpbier, A. (2005). How can medical students learn in a self-directed way in a clinical environment? Design based research. Medical Education, 39(4), 356-364.
17. Dornan, T., Littlewood, S., Margolis, S.A., Scherpbier, A., Spencer, J., & Ypinazar, V. (2006). How can experience in clinical and community settings contribute to early medical education? A BEME systematic review. Medical Teacher, 28(1), 3-18.
18. Dolmans, D., Gijselaers, W., Moust, J., de Grave, W., Wolfhagen, I. & van der Vleuten, C. (2002). Trends in research on the tutor in problem-based learning: Conclusions and implications for educational practice and research. Medical Teacher, 24(2), 173-180.
19. Dyrbye, L.N., Thomas, M.R. & Shanafelt, T.D. (2005). Medical student distress: Causes, consequences, and proposed solutions. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80(12), 1613-1622.
20. Edwards, R. (2001). Meeting individual learner needs: Power, subject, subjection. In, C. Paechte, M. Preedy, D. Scott & J. Soler (Eds.), Knowledge, power and learning. London: Sage.
21. Elnicki, D.M., Curry, R.H., Fagan, M., Friedman, E., Jacobson, E., Loftus, T., Ogden, P., Pangaro, L., Papadakis, M., Szauter, K., Wallach, P., & Linger, B. (2002). Medical students' perspectives on and responses to abuse during internal medicine clerkship. Teaching & Learning in Medicine, 14, 92-97.
22. Engel, G. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129-136.
23. Erikson, E.H. (1963). Childhood and society. 2nd edition. New York: Norton.
24. Eva, K.W., Rosenfeld, J., Reiter, H.I., & Norman, G.R. (2004). An admissions OSCE: The multiple mini-interview. Medical Education, 38, 314-326.
25. Fisher, J.W., Thompson, B.M., & Garcia, A.D. (2007). Integrative clinical exposure: An innovative programme to prepare for internship. Teaching & Learning in Medicine, 19, 302-307.
26. Frank, E, Carrera, J.S., Stratton, T., Bickel, J., & Nora, L.M. (2006). Experiences of belittlement and harassment and their correlates among medical students in the United States: A longitudinal study. Retrieved September 18, 2006, from BMJ 2006; doi:10.1136/bmj,38924.722037.7C. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/333/7570/682?maxtoshow=&HITS= 10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=Frank%2C+E&title= belittlement&andorexacttitle=or&andorexacttitleabs=and& andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec= date&fdate=1/1/1981&resourcetype=HWCIT
27. Frankel, R.M. (2004). Relationship-centred care and the patient-physician relationship. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 1163-1165.
28. General Medical Council. (1993). Tomorrow's doctor. London: General Medial Council.
29. General Medical Council. (2002). Tomorrow's doctors: Recommendations on undergraduate medical education. London: General Medical Council.
30. Hafferty, F.W. (1998). Beyond curriculum reform: Confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Academic Medicine, 73(4), 403-407.
31. Haidat, P., Kelly, A., Bently, S., Blatt, B., Chou, C.L., Fortin, A.H., Gordon, G., Gracey, C., Harrell, H., Hatern, D.S., Helmer, D., Paterniti, D.A., Wagner, D., & Inui, T.S. (2006). Not the same everywhere. Patient-centred learning environments at nine medical schools. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 405-409.
32. Harden, R., & Davis M. (1995). AMEE Medical Education Guide No. 5. The core curriculum with options or special study modules. Medical Teacher, 17(2), 125-148.
33. Harden, R.M., Crosby, J.R., & Davis, M.H. (1999). AMEE Guide 14 An introduction to outcomes-based education. Medical Teacher, 21(1), 7-14.
34. Harden, R.M. (2002). Developments in outcomes-based education. Medical Teacher, 24, 117-120.
35. Howe, A., Campion, P., Searle, J., & Smith, H. (2004). New perspectives - Approaches to medical education at four new UK medical schools. British Medical Journal, 329, 327-332.
36. Hutchinson, L. (2003). ABC of learning and teaching. Educational environment. British Medical Journal, 326, 810-812.
37. James, D., Ferguson, E., Powis, D., Symonds, I., & Yates, J. (2008). Graduate entry to medicine: Widening academic access and socio-economic access. Medical Education, 42, 294-300.
38. Kassebaum, D.G., & Cutler, E.R. (1998). On the culture of student abuse in medical school. Academic Medicine, 73, 1149-1158.
39. Kaufman, D.M., & Mann, K.V. (1996). Comparing students' attitudes in problem-based learning and conventional curricula. Academic Medicine, 71, 1096-1099.
40. Lebenthal, A., Kaiserman, I., & Lernau, O. (1996). Student abuse in medical school: A comparison of students' and facultys' perceptions. Israeli Journal of Medical Science,, 32, 229-238.
41. Leeder, S.R. (2007). Preparing interns for practice in the 21st century. Australian Medical Journal, 186, S6-S8.
42. Lemay, J-F., Lockyer, J.M., Collin, V.T., & Brownell, A.K.W. (2007). Assessment of non-cognitive traits through the admissions multiple miniinterview. Medical Education, 41, 573-579.
43. Lempe, H., & Searle, C. (2004). The hidden curriculum in undergraduate medical education: qualitative study of medical students' perceptions of teaching. British Medical Journal, 329, 770-773.
44. Lowry, S. (1993). Making change happen. British Medical Journal, 306, 320-322.
45. Ludmerer, K.M. (2004). Learner-centred medical education. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 1163-1164.
46. Maida, A.M., Vasquez, A., Herskovic, V., Calderon, J.L., Jacard, M., Pereira, A., & Widdel, L. (2003). A report on student abuse during medical training. Medical Teacher, 15, 497-501.
47. Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper and Row.
48. McLean, M. (2006). Clinical role models are important in the early years of a problem-based learning curriculum. Medical Teacher, 28, 64-69.
49. Molnár, R., Nyári, T., & Molnár, P. (2006). Remaining in or leaving the profession: The view of the medical students. Medical Teacher, 28, 475-477.
50. Murdoch-Eaton, D., Ellershaw, J., Garden, A. Newble, D. et al. (2004). Student selected components in the undergraduate medical curriculum: A multi-institutional consensus on purpose. Medical Teacher, 26, 33-38.
51. Nagata-Kobayashi, S., Sekimoto, M., Koyama, H., Yamamoto, W., Goto, E., Fukushima, O., Ino, T., Shimada, T., Shimbo, T., Asai, A., Koizumi, S. & Fukui, T. (2005). Medical student abuse during clinical years in Japan. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 212-218.
52. Neville, A.J. (1999). The problem based learning tutor: Teacher? Facilitator? Evaluator? Medical Teacher, 21(4), 393-401.
53. O'Sullivan, M. (2004). The reconceptualisation of learner-centred approaches: A Namibia case study. International Journal of Educational Development, 24(6), 585-602.
54. Perry Jr., H.G. (1968). Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years - A scheme. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
55. Piele, E., & Carter, Y. (2005). Selecting and supporting contented doctors. British Medical Journal, 330, 269-270.
56. Pololi, L.H., & Frankel, R.M. (2004). Humanising medical education through faculty development: linking self-awareness and teaching skills. Medical Education, 39(2), 154-162.
57. Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board. (2008). Retrieved September 18, 2008, from http://www.pmetb.org.uk.
58. Prince, K., van Eijs, P., Boshuizen, H., van der Vleuten, C., & Scherpbier, A. (2005). General competencies of problem-based learning (PBL) and non-PBL graduates. Medical Education, 39(4), 394-401.
59. Rautio, A., Sunnari, V., Nuutinen, M., & Laitala, M. (2005). Mistreatment of university students most common during medical studies. BMC Medical Education, 5, 36. Retrieved 18 September , 2008, from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/5/36.
60. Remmen, R., Scherpier, A., Derese, A., Denekens, J., Hermann, I., van der Vleuten, C., van Royen, P., & Bossaert, L. (1998). Unsatisfactory basic skills performance by students in traditional medical curricula. Medical Teacher, 20, 570-583.
61. Riley, S.C., Ferrell, W.R., Gibbs, T.J., Murphy, M.J., & Smith, C.S.W. (2008). Twelve tips for developing and sustaining a programme of student selected components. Medical Teacher, 30(4), 370-376.
62. Riley, SC., Gibbs, T.J., Ferrell, W.R., Nelson, P.R., Smith, C.W.S., & Murphy, M.J. (2009). Getting the most out of student selected components (SSCs): 12 tips for participating students. Medical Teache (in press).
63. Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2001). Mental illness: Stigma and discrimination within the medical profession. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists.
64. Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2003). The mental health of students in higher education. London: The Royal College of Psychiatrists.
65. Saks, N.S., & Karl, S. (2004). Academic support services in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Medical Education Online, 9: 6. Retrieved on June 20, 2008, from http://www.med-ed-online.org/res00085.htm
66. Schuchert, M.K. (1998). The relationship between verbal abuse of medical students and their confidence in their clinical abilities. Academic Medicine, 73, 907-909.
67. Schurwirth, L., & van der Vleuten, C. (2004). Changing education, changing assessment, changing research. Medical Teacher, 38(8), 805-812.
68. Shapiro, J. (2008). Walking a mile in their patients' shoes: Empathy and othering in medical students' education. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 3, 10. Retrieved 23 August, 2009, from http://www.peh-med.com/content/ 3/1/10 , doi:10.1186/1747-5341-3-10.
69. Shapiro, J., Rucker, L., & Robitshek, D. (2006). Teaching the art of doctoring: An innovative medical student elective. Medical Teacher, 28, 30-35.
70. Sheehan, K.H., Sheehan, D.V., White, K., Leibowitz, A., & Baldwin, D.C. (1990). A pilot study of medical student 'abuse'. Journal of the American Medical Association, 263, 533-537.
71. Silver, H.K., & Glicken, A.D. (1990). Medical student abuse. Incidence, severity, and significance. Journal of the American Medical Association, 263, 527-532.
72. Spencer, J.A., & Jordan, R.K. (1999). Learner centred approaches in medical education. British Medical Journal, 318, 1280-1283.
73. Stafford-Clark, D. (1995). A strange deceit. Psychiatry Bulletin, 19, 504-505.
74. Stewart, M. (2001). Towards a global definition of patient-centred care. British Medical Journal, 322, 444-445.
75. Suchman, A.L., Williamson, P.R., Litzelman, D.K., Frankel, R.M., Mossbarger, D.L., Inui, T.S., & the Relationship-centred Care Initiative Discovery Team. (2004). Towards an informal curriculum that teaches professionalism. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 501-504.
76. Taylor, D., & Miflin, B. (2008). AMEE Guide 36: Problem-based learning: Where are we now? Medical Teacher, 30(8), 742-763.
77. Toews, J.A., Lochyer, J.M., Dobson, D.J., Simpson, E., Brownell, A.K., Brenneis F., MacPherson, K.M., & Cohen, G.S. (1997). Analysis of stress levels among medical students, residents and graduates at four Canadian Schools of Medicine. Academic Medicine, 72(11), 997-1002.
78. Treadway, K. (2007). The code. New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 1273-1275.
79. Uhari, M., Kokkonen, J., Nuutinen, M., Vainionpää, L., Rantala, H., Lautala, P., & Väyrynen, M. (1994). Medical student abuse: An international phenomenon. Journal of the American Medical Association, 271, 1049-1051.
80. Weissman, P.F., Branch, W.T., Gracey, C.F., Haidat, P., & Frankel, R.M. (2006). Role modeling humanistic behaviour: Learning bedside manner from the experts. Academic Medicine, 81, 661-667.
81. Wilkinson, T.J., Gill, D.J., Fitzjohn, J., Palmer, C.L., & Mulder, R.T. (2006). The impact on students of adverse experiences during medical school. Medical Teacher, 28, 129-135.
82. Winkelmann, A., & Güldner, F.H. (2004). Cadavers as teachers: The dissecting room experience in Thailand. British Medical Journal, 329, 1455-1457.
83. Wong, J.G.W.S. (2008). Doctors and stress. Hong Kong Medical Diary, 13, 4-7.