Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), postprandial lipemia and hypolipidemic drugs

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 16, Issue 33, 2009, Pages 4345-4360

  Kolovou, G D ^a   Anagnostopoulou, K K ^a   Kostakou, P M ^a   Mikhailidis, D P ^b  

^a ONASSIS CARDIAC SURGERY CENTER   (Greece)

^b ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol ester transfer protein; Cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors; Hypolipidemic drugs; Postprandial lipemia

Indexed keywords

2 METHYLPROPANETHIOIC ACID S [2 [1 (2 ETHYLBUTYL)CYCLOHEXYLCARBOXAMIDO]PHENYL] ESTER; ANACETRAPIB; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; ATORVASTATIN; BEZAFIBRATE; CGS 25159; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; CIPROFIBRATE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FENOFIBRATE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GEMFIBROZIL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; NICOTINIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TORCETRAPIB; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTERY INTIMA PROLIFERATION; ATHEROMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; CLINICAL TRIAL; DNA POLYMORPHISM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FAMILIAL HYPERLIPEMIA; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE FUNCTION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPOLIPEMIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; NONHUMAN; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ANIMALS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; HUMANS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; POSTPRANDIAL PERIOD;

EID: 70450207712     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/092986709789712853     Document Type: Review

References (209)

1. de Grooth, G.J.; Klerkx, A.H.; Stroes, E.S.; Stalenhoef, A.F.; Kastelein, J.J.; Kuivenhoven, J.A. A review of CETP and its relation to atherosclerosis. J. Lipid Res., 2004, 45, 1967-1974
2. Kottke, B.A.; Holmes, D.R.; Mao, S.J.T.; Kneller, R.W.; Hallaway, B.J.; Zinsmeister, A.R. Apolipoproteins and coronary heart disease. Circulation, 1985, 71, 415A.
3. Brunzell, J.D.; Sniderman, A.D.; Albers, J.J.; Kwiterovich, P.O. Jr. Apolipoproteins B and A-I and coronary artery disease in humans. Arterioscler., 1984, 4, 79-83.
4. Sing, C.F.; Stengard, J.H.; Kardia, S.L. Genes, environment and coronary artery disease. Atherosler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2003, 23, 1190-1196
5. Lusis, A.J. Athersoclerosis. Nature, 2000, 407, 233-237
6. Downs, J. R.; Clearfield, M.; Weis, S.; Whitney E.; Shapiro, D.R; Beere, P.A.; Langendorfer, A.; Stein, E.A.; Kruyer, W.; Gotto, A.M. Jr. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1998, 279, 1615-1622
7. Sacks, F.M.; Pfeffer, M.A.; Moye, L.A.; Rouleau, J.L.; Rutherford, J.D.; Cole, T.G.; Brown, L.; Warnica, J.W.; Arnold, J.M.; Wun, C.C.; Davis, B.R.; Braunwald, E. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med., 1996, 335, 1001-1009
8. Shepherd, J.; Cobbe, S.M.; Ford, I.; Isles, C.G.; Lorimer, A.R.; MacFarlane, P.W.; McKillop, J.H.; Packard, C.J. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 1995, 333, 1301-1307
9. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet, 1994, 344, 1383-1389
10. Despres, J.P.; Lemieux, I.; Dagenais, G.R.; Cantin, B.; Lamarche, B. HDL-cholesterol as a marker of coronary heart disease risk: the Quebec cardiovascular study. Atherosclerosis, 2000, 153, 263-272 (Pubitemid 32120325)
11. Rubins, H.B.; Robins, S.J.; Collins, D.; Fye, C.L.; Anderson, J.W.; Elam, M.B.; Faas, F.H.; Linares, E.; Schaefer, E.J.; Schectman, G.; Wilt, T.G.; Wittes, J. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999, 341, 410-418
12. Manninen, V.; Elo, M.O.; Frick, M.H.; Haapa, K.; Heinonen, O.P.; Heinsalmi, P.; Helo, P.; Huttunen, J.K.; Kaitaniemi, P.; Koskinen, P. Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 1998, 260, 641-651
13. Gordon, T.; Castelli, W.P.; Hjortland, M.C.; Kannel, W.B.; Dawber, T.R. High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am. J. Med., 1977, 62, 707-714 (Pubitemid 8110784)
14. Gotto, A.M. Jr. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor in coronary heart disease: a working group report. Circulation, 2001, 103, 2213-2218 (Pubitemid 32458332)
15. Alipour, A.; Elte, J.W.; van Zaanen, H.C.; Rietveld, A.P.; Castro Cabezas, M. Novel aspects of postprandial lipemia in relation to atherosclerosis. Atheroscler. Suppl., 2008, 9, 39-44.
16. Kapoor, J.R. Postprandial triglyceride levels and cardiovascular risk. Am. Fam. Physician, 2008, 77, 1504.
17. Zilversmit, D.B. Atherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon. Circulation, 1979, 60, 473-485
18. Nordestgaard, B.G.; Benn, M.; Schnohr, P.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and death in men and women. JAMA, 2007, 298, 299-308. (Pubitemid 47080484)
19. Granér, M.; Kahri, J.; Nakano, T.; Sarna, S.J.; Nieminen, M.S.; Syvänne, M.; Taskinen, M.R. Impact of postprandial lipaemia on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and oxidized LDL in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2006, 36, 764-770 (Pubitemid 44569964)
20. Bell, D.S.; O'Keefe, J.H.; Jellinger, P. Postprandial dysmetabolism: the missing link between diabetes and cardiovascular events? Endocr. Pract., 2008, 14, 112-124
21. Stalenhoef, A.F.; de Graaf, J. Association of fasting and nonfasting serum triglycerides with cardiovascular disease and the role of remnant-like lipoproteins and small dense LDL. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2008, 19, 355-361
22. Teramoto, T. Postprandial hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep., 2007, 9, 169-170
23. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Daskalopoulou, S.S.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. Clinical relevance of postprandial lipaemia. Curr. Med. Chem., 2005, 12, 1931-1945
24. Ordovas, J.M.; Cupples, L.A.; Corella, D.; Otvos, J.D.; Osgood, D.; Martinez, A.; Lahoz, C.; Coltell, O.; Wilson, P.W.; Schaefer, E.J. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: the Framingham study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2000, 20, 1323-1329
25. Li, T.Y.; Zhang, C.; Asselbergs, F.W.; Qi, L.; Rimm, E.; Hunter, D.J.; Hu, F.B. Interaction between dietary fat intake and the cholesterol ester transfer protein TaqIB polymorphism in relation to HDL-cholesterol concentrations among US diabetic men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2007, 86, 1524-1529
26. Volcik, K.; Ballantyne, C.M.; Pownall, H.J.; Sharrett, A.R.; Boerwinkle, E. Interaction effects of high-density lipoprotein metabolism gene variation and alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease risk: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. J. Study Alcohol Drugs, 2007, 68, 485-492 (Pubitemid 47092975)
27. Goldenberg, I.; Moss, A.J.; Block, R.; Ryan, D.; Corsetti, J.P.; McNitt, S.; Eberly, S.W.; Zareba, W. Polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and the risk of early onset myocardial infarction among cigarette smokers. Ann. Noninvasive Electrocardiol., 2007, 12, 364-374 (Pubitemid 350013259)
28. Alssema, M.; Dekker, J.M.; Kuivenhoven, J.A.; Nijpels, G.; Teerlink, T.; Scheffer, P.G.; Diamant, M.; Stehouwer, C.D.; Bouter, L.M.; Heine, R.J. Elevated cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in women, but not in men, with Type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. Diabetes Med., 2007, 24, 117-123
29. Thompson, A.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Sarwar, N.; Erqou, S.; Saleheen, D.; Dullaart, R.P.; Keavney, B.; Ye, Z.; Danesh, J. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotypes with CETP mass and activity, lipid levels, and coronary risk. JAMA, 2008, 299, 2777-2788 (Pubitemid 351846853)
30. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Karyofillis, P.; Salpea, K.D.; Yiannakouris, N.; Zarkalis, D.; Cokkinos, D.V. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and severity of coronary stenosis. Clin. Invest. Med., 2006, 29, 14-19
31. Scanu, A.M.; Edelstein, C. HDL: bridging past and present with a look at the future. FASEB J., 2008, 22, 4044-4054
32. Kolovou, G.D.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Daskalopoulou, S.S.; Cokkinos, D.V. Tangier disease four decades of research: a reflection of the importance of HDL. Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, 13, 771-782
33. Oram, J.F.; Yokoyama, S. Apolipoprotein-mediated removal of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids. J. Lipid Res., 1996, 37, 2473-2491 (Pubitemid 27051496)
34. Assmann, G.; von Eckardstein, A.; Brewer, H.B, Jr. Familial highdensity lipoprotein deficiency: Tangier disease. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle DL. The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill, 1995, 2053-2072
35. Blankenberg, S.; Rupprecht, H.J.; Bickel, C.; Jiang, X.C.; Poirier, O.; Lackner, K.J.; Meyer, J.; Cambien, F.; Tiret, L.; AtheroGene Investigators. Common genetic variation of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene strongly predicts future cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2003, 41, 1983-1989 (Pubitemid 36677119)
36. van Venrooij, F.V.; Stolk, R.P.; Banga, J.D.; Sijmonsma, T.P.; van Tol, A.; Erkelens, D.W.; Dallinga-Thie, G.M.; DALI Study Group. Common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and the effect of atorvastatin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2003, 26, 1216-1223
37. Yamashita, S.; Hirano, K.; Sakai, N.; Matsuzawa, Y. Molecular biology and pathophysiological aspects of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2000, 1529, 257-275 (Pubitemid 30952992)
38. Klerkx, A.H.; Tanck, M.W.; Kastelein, J.J.; Molhuizen, H.O.; Jukema, J.W.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Kuivenhoven, J.A. Haplotype analysis of the CETP gene: not TaqIB, but the closely linked - 629C - >A polymorphism and a novel promoter variant are independently associated with CETP concentration. Hum. Mol. Genet., 2003, 12, 111-123
39. Yamashita, S.; Maruyama, T.; Hirano, K.; Sakai, N.; Nakajima, N.; Matsuzawa, Y. Molecular mechanisms, lipoprotein abnormalities and atherogenicity of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis, 2000, 152, 271-285 (Pubitemid 30686315)
40. Sakai, N.; Yamashita, S.; Hirano, K.; Ishigami, M.; Arai, T.; Kobayashi, K.; Funahashi, T.; Matsuzawa, Y. Decreased affinity of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles for LDL receptors in patients with cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 25, 332-339
41. Klerkx, A.; de Grooth, G.; Zwinderman, A.; Jukema, J.; Kuivenhoven, J.; Kastelein, J. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentration is associated with progression of atherosclerosis and response to pravastatin in men with coronary artery disease (REGRESS). Eur. J. Clin. Investig., 2004, 34, 21-28 (Pubitemid 38221735)
42. Fielding, C.G.; Havel, R.J. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: friend or foe? J. Clin. Invest., 1996, 97, 2687-2688 (Pubitemid 26197083)
43. Genest, J.J. Jr.; Martin-Munley, S.S.; McNamara, J.R.; Ordovas, J.M.; Jenner, J.; Myers, R.H.; Silberman, S.R.; Wilson, P.W.; Salem, D.N.; Schaefer, E.J. Familial lipoprotein disorders in patients with premature coronary artery disease. Circulation, 1992, 85, 2025-2033
44. Heller, D.A.; DeFaire, D.; Pedersen, N.L.; Dahlen, G.; McClearn, G.E. Genetic and environmental influences on serum lipid levels in twins. N. Engl. J. Med., 1993, 328, 1150-1156 (Pubitemid 23105752)
45. Koizumi, J.; Mabuchi, H.; Yoshimura, A.; Michishita, I.; Takeda, M.; Itoh, H.; Sakai, Y.; Sakai, T.; Ueda, K.; Takeda, R. Deficiency of serum cholesteryl-ester transfer activity in patients with familial hyperalphalipoproteinaemia. Atherosclerosis, 1985, 58, 175-186
46. Hirano, K.; Yamashita, S.; Nakajima, N.; Arai, T.; Maruyama, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Ishigami, M.; Sakai, N.; Kameda-Takemura, K.; Matsuzawa, Y. Genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency is extremely frequent in the Omagari area of Japan; marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia caused by CETP gene mutation is not associated with longevity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 1053-1059 (Pubitemid 27260323)
47. Zhong, S.; Sharp, D.S.; Grove, J.S.; Bruce, C.; Yano, K.; Curb, J.D.; Tall, A.R. Increased coronary heart disease in Japanese- American men with mutation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene despite increased HDL levels. J. Clin. Invest., 1996, 97, 2917-2923
48. Hirano, K.; Yamashita, S.; Sakai, N.; Arai, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Nozaki, S.; Kameda-Takemura, K.; Matsuzawa, Y. Molecular defect and atherogenicity in cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1995, 748, 599-602.
49. Inazu, A.; Brown, M.L.; Hesler, C.B.; Agellon, L.B.; Koizumi, J.; Takata, K.; Maruhama, Y.; Mabuchi, H. Tall, A.R. Increased high-density lipoprotein levels caused by a common cholesteryl-ester transfer protein gene mutation. N. Engl. J. Med., 1990, 323, 1234-1238
50. Hirano, K.; Yamashita, S.; Kuga, Y.; Sakai, N.; Nozaki, S.; Kihara, S.; Arai, T.; Yanagi, K.; Takami, S.; Menju, M. Atherosclerotic disease in marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Combined reduction of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic triglyceride lipase. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1995, 15, 1849-1856
51. Herrera, V.L.; Makrides, S.C.; Xie, H.X.; Adari, H.; Krauss, R.M.; Ryan, U.S.; Ruiz-Opazo, N. Spontaneous combined hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and decreased survival in Dahl saltsensitive hypertensive rats transgenic for human cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Nat. Med., 1999, 5, 1383-1389
52. de Grooth, G. J.; Smilde, T.G.; van Wissen, S.; Klerkx, A.H.E.M.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Fruchart, J.C.; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Stalenhoef, A.F.H.; Kuivenhoven, J.A. The relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer protein levels and risk factors in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis, 2004, 173, 261-267 (Pubitemid 38469794)
53. Bagdade, J. D.; Ritter, M.C.; Subbaiah, P.V. Accelerated cholesteryl ester transfer in plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia. J. Clin. Invest., 1991, 87, 1259-1265
54. McPherson, R.; Mann, C.J.; Tall, A.R.; Hogue, M.; Martin, L.; Milne, R.W.; Marcel, Y.L. Plasma concentrations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in hyperlipoproteinemia. Relation to cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and other lipoprotein variables. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1991, 11, 797-804.
55. Sparks, D. L.; Frohlich, J.; Lacko, A.G.; Pritchard, P.H. Relationship between cholesteryl ester transfer activity and high density lipoprotein composition in hyperlipidemic patients. Atherosclerosis, 1989, 77, 183-191 (Pubitemid 19136719)
56. Tall, A.; Granot, E.; Brocia, R.; Tabas, I.; Hesler, C.; Williams, K.; Denke, M. Accelerated transfer of cholesteryl esters in dyslipidemic plasma: role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J. Clin. Invest., 1987, 79, 1217-1225 (Pubitemid 17065505)
57. Moulin, P.; Appel, G.B.; Ginsberg, H.N.; Tall, A.R. Increased concentration of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein in nephrotic syndrome: role in dyslipidemia. J. Lipid Res., 1992, 33, 1817-1822
58. Brousseau, M.E.; O'Connor, J.J.; Ordovas, J.M. Jr.; Collins, D.; Otvos, J.D.; Massov, T.; McNamara, J.R.; Rubins, H.B.; Robins, S.J.; Schaefer, E.J. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B2B2 genotype is associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower risk of coronary heart disease end points in men with HDL deficiency: Veterans Affairs HDL Cholesterol Intervention Trial. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2002, 22, 1148-1154
59. Liu, S.; Schmitz, C.; Stampfer, M.J.; Sacks, F.; Hennekens, C.H.; Lindpaintner, K.; Ridker P.M. A prospective study of TaqIB polymorphism in the gene coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein and risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 161, 469-474
60. Bernard, S.; Moulin, P.; Lagrost, L.; Picard, S.; Elchebly, M.; Ponsin, G.; Chapuis, F.; Berthezene, F. Association between plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration and Taq1B CETP gene polymorphism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Lipid Res., 1998, 39, 59-65. (Pubitemid 28063543)
61. Kuivenhoven, J.A.; Jukema, J.W.; Zwinderman, A.H.; de Knijff, P.; McPherson, R.; Bruschke, A.V.; Lie, K.I.; Kastelein, J.J. The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 338, 86-93.
62. Kuivenhoven, J.A.; de Knijff, P.; Boer, J.M.; Smalheer, H.A.; Botma, G.J.; Seidell, G.C.; Kastelein, J.J.; Pritchard, P.H. Heterogeneity at the CETP gene locus: influence on plasma CETP concentrations and HDL cholesterol levels. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 560-568
63. Freeman, D.J.; Griffin, B.A.; Holmes, A.P.; Lindsay, G.M.; Gaffney, D.; Packard, C.; Shepherd, J. Regulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and subfraction distribution by genetic and environmental factors: associations between the TaqI B RFLP in the CETP gene and smoking and obesity. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1994, 14, 336-344 (Pubitemid 24083847)
64. Corbex, M.; Poirier, O.; Fumeron, F.; Betoulle, D.; Evans, A.; Ruidavets, J.B.; Arveiler, D.; Luc, G.; Tiret, L.; Cambien, F. Extensive association analysis between the CETP gene and coronary heart disease phenotypes reveals several putative functional polymorphisms and gene-environment interaction. Genet. Epidemiol., 2000, 19, 64-80. (Pubitemid 30445638)
65. Corella, D.; Saiz, C.; Guillen, M.; Portoles, O.; Mulet, F.; Gonzalez, J.I.; Ordovas, J.M. Association of TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with plasma lipid levels in a healthy Spanish population. Atherosclerosis, 2000, 152, 367-376
66. Goto, A.; Sasai, K.; Suzuki, S.; Fukutomi, T.; Ito, S.; Matsushita, T.; Okamoto, M.; Suzuki, T.; Itoh, M.; Okumura-Noji, K.; Yokoyama, S. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and atherosclerosis in Japanese subjects: a study based on coronary angiography. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 159, 153-163 (Pubitemid 33016632)
67. Kakko, S.; Tamminen, M.; Paivansalo, M.; Kauma, H.; Rantala, A.O.; Lilja, M.; Reunanen, A.; Kesaniemi, Y.A.; Savolainen, M.J. Variation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in relation to plasma high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels and carotid intima- media thickness. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 31, 593-602.
68. Meguro, S.; Takei, I.; Murata, M.; Hirose, H.; Takei, N.; Mitsuyoshi, Y.; Ishii, K.; Oguchi, S.; Shinohara, J.; Takeshita, E.; Watanabe, K.; Saruta, T. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism associated with macroangiopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 156, 151-156 (Pubitemid 32429606)
69. Freeman, D.J.; Samani, N.J.; Wilson, V.; McMahon, A.D.; Braund, P.S.; Cheng, S.; Caslake, M.J.; Packard, C.J.; Gaffney, D. A polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene predicts cardiovascular events in non-smokers in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. Eur. Heart J., 2003, 24, 1833-1842 (Pubitemid 37280249)
70. de Grooth, G.J.; Zerba, K.E.; Huang, S.; Tsuchihashi, Z.; Kirchgessner, T.; Belder, R.; Vishnupad, V.; Hu, B.; Klerkx, A.H.E.M.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Jukema, J.W.; Sacks, F.; Kastelein, J.J.P.; Kuivenhoven, J.A. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism in the Cholesterol And Recurrent Events study (CARE): no interaction with the response to pravastatin therapy and no effects on cardiovascular outcome. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2004, 43, 854-857
71. Chaaba, R.; Smaoui, M.; Hammami, S.; Attia, N.; Ben Hamda, K.; Masmoudi, A.S.; Mahjoub, S.; Bouslama, A.; Ben Farhat, M.; Girard-Globa, A.; Hammami, M. Role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and genetic polymorphism in ischemic heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients.. Tunis. Med., 2004, 82, 282-288 (Pubitemid 39005209)
72. Rump, P.; Mensink, R.P.; Hornstra, G. Interaction between a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and the apolipoprotein E polymorphism: effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in a cohort of 7-year-old children. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2002, 12, 317-324 (Pubitemid 135713172)
73. Borggreve, S.E.; Hillege, H.L.; Wolffenbuttel, B.H.; de Jong, P.E.; Zuurman, M.W.; van der Steege, G.; van Tol, A.; Dullaart, R.P.; PREVEND Study Group. An increased coronary risk is paradoxically associated with common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene variations that relate to higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a population-based study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2006, 91, 3382-3388
74. Boekholdt, S.M.; Sacks, F.M.; Jukema, J.W.; Shepherd, J.; Freeman, D.J.; McMahon, A.D.; Cambien, F.; Nicaud, V.; de Grooth, G.J.; Talmud, P.J.; Humphries, S.E.; Miller, G.J.; Eiriksdottir, G.; Gudnason, V.; Kauma, H.; Kakko, S.; Savolainen, M.J.; Arca, M.; Montali, A.; Liu, S.; Lanz, H.J.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Kuivenhoven, J.A.; Kastelein, J.J.P. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment. Individual patient metaanalysis of 13,677 subjects. Circulation, 2005, 111, 278-287
75. Quarta, G.; Stanzione, R.; Evangelista, A.; Zanda, B.; Sciarretta, S.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Marchitti, S.; Di Murro, D.; Volpe, M.; Rubattu, S. A protective role of a cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene variant towards ischaemic stroke in Sardinians. J. Intern. Med., 2007, 262, 555-561 (Pubitemid 47620503)
76. Kapur, N.K.; Ashen, D.; Blumenthal, R.S. High density lipoprotein cholesterol: an evolving target of therapy in the management of cardiovascular disease. Vasc. Health Risk Manag., 2008, 4, 39-57.
77. Zaratin, A.C.; Quintão, E.C.; Sposito, A.C.; Nunes, V.S.; Lottenberg, A.M.; Morton, R.E.; de Faria, E.C. Smoking prevents the intravascular remodeling of high-density lipoprotein particles: implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Metabolism, 2004, 53, 858-862 (Pubitemid 38829458)
78. McCall, M.R.; van den Berg, J.J.; Kuypers, F.A.; Tribble, D.L.; Krauss, R.M.; Knoff, L.J.; Forte, T.M. Modification of LCAT activity and HDL structure, new links between cigarette smoke and coronary heart disease. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1994, 14, 248-253 (Pubitemid 2050340)
79. Freeman, D.J.; Griffin, B.A.; Murray, E.; Lindsay, G.M.; Gaffney, D.; Packard, C.J.; Shepherd, J. Smoking and plasma lipoproteins in man: effects on low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high density lipoprotein subfraction distribution. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 1993, 23, 630-640 (Pubitemid 23309656)
80. Moriguchi, E.H.; Fusegawa, Y.; Tamachi, H. Effects of smoking on HDL subfractions in myocardial infarction patients: effects on lecithin- cholesterol acyl transferase and hepatic lipase. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1990, 195, 139-144
81. Mero, N.; Van Tol, A.; Scheek, L.M.; Van Gent, T.; Labeur, C.; Rosseneu, M.; Taskinen, M.R. Decreased postprandial high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and E in normolipidemic smoking men: relations with lipid transfer proteins and LCAT activities. J. Lipid Res., 1998, 39, 1493-1502
82. Agerholm-Larsen, B.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A.; Schnohr, P.; Steffensen, R.; Nordestgaard, B.G. Common cholesteryl ester transfer protein mutations, decreased HDL cholesterol, and possible decreased risk of ischemic heart disease: The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Circulation, 2000, 102, 2197-2203 (Pubitemid 30808006)
83. Agerholm-Larsen, B.; Nordestgaard, B.G.; Steffensen, R.; Jensen, G.; Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. Elevated HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in white women when caused by a common mutation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. Circulation, 2000, 101, 1907-1912 (Pubitemid 30225270)
84. Andrikopoulos, G.K.; Richter, D.J.; Needham, E.W.; Zairis, M.N.; Karabinos, E.N.; Gialafos, E.J.; Dilaveris, P.E.; Paravolidakis, K.E.; Kappos, K.G.; Papasteriadis, E.G.; Kardaras, F.G.; Foussas, S.G.; Stefanadis, C.I.; Gialafos, J.E.; Mattu, R.K.; Toutouzas, P.K. GEMIG Study Investigators. Association of the ile405val mutation in cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with risk of acute myocardial infarction. Heart, 2004, 90, 1336-1337
85. Hashimoto, S.; Morton, R.E.; Zilversmit, D.B. Facilitated transfer of cholesteryl ester between rough and smooth microsomal membranes by plasma lipid transfer protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1984, 120, 586-592
86. Ravnik, S.E.; Albers, J.J.; Muller, C.H. A novel view of albuminsupported sperm capacitation: role of lipid transfer protein-I. Fertil. Steril., 1993, 59, 629-638
87. Tall, A. Plasma lipid transfer proteins. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1995, 64, 235-257
88. Ruiz-Noriega, M.; Silva-Cardenas, I.; Delgado-Coello, B.; Zentella- Dehesa, A.; Mas-Oliva, J. Membrane bound CETP mediates the transfer of free cholesterol between lipoproteins and membranes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 202, 1322-1328 (Pubitemid 24265912)
89. Stein, O.; Halperin, G.; Stein Y. Cholesteryl ester efflux from extracellular and cellular elements of the arterial wall. Model systems in culture with cholesteryl linoleyl ether. Arteriosclerosis, 1986, 6, 70-78 (Pubitemid 16154614)
90. Stein, Y.; Stein, O.; Olivecrona, T.; Halperin G. Putative role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in removal of cholesteryl ester from vascular interstitium, studied in a model system in cell culture. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1985, 834, 336-345 (Pubitemid 15025242)
91. Morton, R.E. Interaction of lipid transfer protein with plasma lipoproteins and cell membranes. Experientia, 1990, 46, 552-560 (Pubitemid 20223812)
92. Pattnaik, N.M.; Zilversmit, D.B. Interaction of cholesteryl ester exchange protein with human plasma lipoproteins and phospholipid vesicles. J. Biol. Chem., 1979, 254, 2782-2786
93. Benoist, F.; Lau, P.; McDonnell, M.; Doelle, H.; Milne, R.; McPherson, R. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein mediates selective uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters by human adipose tissue. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 23572-23577 (Pubitemid 27410927)
94. Gauthier, A.; Lau, P.; Zha, X.; Milne, R.; McPherson, R. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein directly mediates selective uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters by the liver. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25, 2177-2184 (Pubitemid 41416318)
95. Zhang, Z.; Yamashita, S.; Hirano, K.; Nakagawa-Toyama, Y.; Matsuyama, A.; Nishida, M.; Sakai, N.; Fukasawa, M.; Arai, H.; Miyagawa, J.; Matsuzawa, Y. Expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in human atherosclerotic lesions and its implication in reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 159, 67-75. (Pubitemid 33016623)
96. Huang, Z.; Inazu, A.; Kawashiri, M.A.; Nohara, A.; Higashikata, T.; Mabuchi, H. Dual effects on HDL metabolism by cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition in HepG2 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 284, E1210-9. (Pubitemid 36617469)
97. Sawada, S.; Sugano, M.; Makino, N.; Okamoto, H.; Tsuchida, K. Secretion of prebeta HDL increases with the suppression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in Hep G2 cells. Atherosclerosis, 1999, 146, 291-298 (Pubitemid 29418060)
98. Izem, L.; Morton, R.E. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein biosynthesis and cellular cholesterol homeostasis are tightly interconnected. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 26534-26541 (Pubitemid 37412875)
99. Tall, A.R. Plasma lipid transfer proteins. J. Lipid Res., 1986, 27, 361-367
100. Marotti, K.R.; Castle, C.K.; Boyle, T.P.; Lin, A.H.; Murray, R.W.; Melchior, G.W. Severe atherosclerosis in transgenic mice expressing simian cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Nature, 1993, 364, 73-75 (Pubitemid 23233459)
101. Salerno, A.G.; Patrício, P.R.; Berti, J.A.; Oliveira, H.C. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) increases postprandial triglyceridaemia and delays triacylglycerol plasma clearance in transgenic mice. Biochem. J., 2009, 419, 629-634
102. Hime, N.J.; Black, A.S.; Bulgrien, J.J.; Curtiss, L.K. Leukocytederived hepatic lipase increases HDL and decreases en face aortic atherosclerosis in LDLr-/- mice expressing CETP. J. Lipid Res., 2008, 49, 2113-2123
103. Hayek, T.; Masucci-Magoulas, L.; Jiang, X.; Walsh, A.; Rubin, E.; Breslow, J.L.; Tall, A.R. Decreased early atherosclerotic lesions in hypertriglyceridemic mice expressing cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgene. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 96, 2071-2074
104. Rotllan, N.; Calpe-Berdiel, L.; Guillaumet-Adkins, A.; Süren- Castillo, S.; Blanco-Vaca, F.; Escolà-Gil, J.C. CETP activity variation in mice does not affect two major HDL antiatherogenic properties: macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport and LDL antioxidant protection. Atherosclerosis, 2008, 196, 505-513
105. Herrera, V.L.; Ponce, L.R.; Ruiz-Opazo, N. Genome-wide scan for interacting loci affecting human cholesteryl ester transfer proteininduced hypercholesterolemia in transgenic human cholesteryl ester transfer protein F2-intercross rats. J. Hypertens., 2007, 25, 1608-1612 (Pubitemid 47056566)
106. Whitlock, M.E.; Swenson, T.L.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Leonard, M.T.; Marcel, Y.L.; Milne, R.W.; Tall, A.R. Monoclonal antibody inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in the rabbit: effects on lipoprotein composition and high density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester metabolism. J. Clin. Invest., 1989, 84, 129-137 (Pubitemid 19170102)
107. Gaynor, B.J.; Sand, T.; Clark, R.W.; Aiello, R.J.; Bamberger, M.J.; Moberly, J.B. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in hamsters alters HDL lipid composition. Atherosclerosis, 1994, 110, 101-109
108. Abbey, M.; Calvert, G.D. Effects of blocking plasma lipid transfer protein activity in the rabbit. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1989, 1003, 20-29 (Pubitemid 19124004)
109. Kothari, H.V.; Poirier, K.J.; Lee, W.H.; Satoh, Y. Inhibition of cholesterol ester transfer protein CGS 25159 and changes in lipoproteins in hamsters. Atherosclerosis, 1997, 128, 59-66. (Pubitemid 27065261)
110. Okamoto, H.; Yonemori, F.; Wakitani, K.; Minowa, T.; Maeda, K.; Shinkai, H. A cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nature, 2000, 406, 203-207 (Pubitemid 30469005)
111. Huang, Z.; Inazu, A.; Nohara, A.; Higashikata, T.; Mabuchi, H. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor (JTT-705) and the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits with severe hypercholesterolaemia. Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 2002, 103, 587-594 (Pubitemid 36005711)
112. Rittershaus, C.W.; Miller, D.P.; Thomas, L.J.; Picard, M.D.; Honan, C.M.; Emmett, C.D.; Pettey, C.L.; Adari, H.; Hammond, R.A.; Beattie, D.T.; Callow, A.D.; Marsh, H.C.; Ryan, U.S. Vaccineinduced antibodies inhibit CETP activity in vivo and reduce aortic lesions in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2000, 20, 2106-2112
113. Sugano, M.; Makino, N.; Sawada, S.; Otsuka, S.; Watanabe, M.; Okamoto, H.; Kamada, M.; Mizushima, A. Effect of antisense oli gonucleotides against cholesteryl ester transfer protein on the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 5033-5036 (Pubitemid 28108660)
114. Barter, P.J.; Kastelein, J.P. Targeting cholesteryl ester transfer protein for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2006, 47, 492-499 (Pubitemid 43170835)
115. Barter, P.J.; Brewer, H.B. Jr; Chapman, M.J.; Hennekens, C.H.; Rader, D.J.; Tall, A.R. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2003, 23, 160-167
116. Hirano, K.; Yamashita, S.; Matsuzawa, Y. Pros and cons of inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2000, 11, 589-596
117. de Grooth, G.J.; Kuivenhoven, J.A.; Stalenhoef, A.F.; de Graaf, J.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Posma, J.L.; van Tol, A.; Kastelein, J.J. Efficacy and safety of a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, JTT-705, in humans: a randomized phase II dose-response study. Circulation, 2002, 105, 2159-2165
118. Clark, R.W.; Sutfin, T.A.; Ruggeri, R.B.; Willauer, A.T.; Sugarman, E.D.; Magnus-Aryitey, G.; Cosgrove, P.G.; Sand, T.M.; Wester, R.T.; Williams, J.A.; Perlman, M.E.; Bamberger, M. Raising high-density lipoprotein in humans through inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein: an initial multidose study of torcetrapib. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 1-9.
119. Brousseau, M.E.; Schaefer, E.J.; Wolfe, M.L.; Bloedon, L.T.; Digenio, A.G.; Clark, R.W.; Mancuso, J.P.; Rader, D.J. Effects of an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on HDL cholesterol. N. Engl. J. Med., 2004, 350, 1505-1515 (Pubitemid 38477775)
120. Shinkai H, Maeda K, Yamasaki T, Okamoto H, Uchida I. bis(2- (Acylamino)phenyl) disulfides, 2-(acylamino)benzenethiols, and S- (2-(acylamino)phenyl) alkanethioates as novel inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J. Med. Chem., 2000, 43, 3566-3572 (Pubitemid 30736710)
121. Forrester, J.S.; Makkar, R.; Shah, P.K. Increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in dyslipidemia by cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition: an update for clinicians. Circulation, 2005, 111, 1847-1854 (Pubitemid 40525152)
122. Rensen, P.C.; Jukema, J.W. Torcetrapib increases mortality in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disorders. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd., 2008, 152, 1088-1090 (Pubitemid 351805072)
123. Barter, P.J.; Caulfield, M.; Eriksson, M.; Grundy, S.M.; Kastelein, J.J.; Komajda, M.; Lopez-Sendon, J.; Mosca, L.; Tardif, J.C.; Waters, D.D.; Shear, C.L.; Revkin, J.H.; Buhr, K.A.; Fisher, M.R.; Tall, A.R.; Brewer, B.; ILLUMINATE Investigators. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N. Engl. J. Med., 2007, 357, 2109-2122 (Pubitemid 350146106)
124. Nissen, S.E.; Tardif, J.C.; Nicholls, S.J.; Revkin, J.H.; Shear, C.L.; Duggan, W.T.; Ruzyllo, W.; Bachinsky, W.B.; Lasala, G.P.; Tuzcu, E.M.; ILLUSTRATE Investigators. Effect of torcetrapib on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2007, 356, 1304-1316 (Pubitemid 46513296)
125. Davidson, M.H.; McKenney, J.M.; Shear, C.L.; Revkin, J.H. Efficacy and safety of torcetrapib, a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor, in individuals with below-average high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2006, 48, 1774-1781 (Pubitemid 44648633)
126. Nicholls, S.J.; Tuzcu, E.M.; Brennan, D.M.; Tardif, J.C.; Nissen, S.E. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition, high-density lipoprotein raising, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis: insights from ILLUSTRATE (Investigation of Lipid Level Management Using Coronary Ultrasound to Assess Reduction of Atherosclerosis by CETP Inhibition and HDL Elevation). Circulation, 2008, 118, 2506-2514
127. Forrest, M.J.; Bloomfield, D.; Briscoe, R.J.; Brown, P.N.; Cumiskey, A.M.; Ehrhart, J.; Hershey, J.C.; Keller, W.J.; Ma, X.; McPherson, H.E.; Messina, E.; Peterson, L.B.; Sharif-Rodriguez, W.; Siegl, P.K.; Sinclair, P.J.; Sparrow, C.P.; Stevenson, A.S.; Sun, S.Y.; Tsai, C.; Vargas, H.; Walker, M. 3rd.; West, S.H.; White, V.; Woltmann, R.F. Torcetrapib-induced blood pressure elevation is independent of CETP inhibition and is accompanied by increased circulating levels of aldosterone. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 154, 1465-1473
128. Athyros, V.G.; Kakafika, A.; Tziomalos, K.; Karagiannis, A.; Mikhailidis, D.P. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition and HDL increase: has the dream ended? Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2008, 17, 445-449
129. Bloomfield, D.; Carlson, G.L.; Sapre, A.; Tribble, D.; McKenney, J.M.; Littlejohn, T.W. 3rd; Sisk, C.M.; Mitchel, Y.; Pasternak, R.C. Efficacy and safety of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor anacetrapib as monotherapy and coadministered with atorvastatin in dyslipidemic patients. Am. Heart J., 2009, 157, 352-360
130. Krishna, R.; Bergman, A.J.; Jin, B.; Garg, A.; Roadcap, B.; Chiou, R.; Dru, J.; Cote, J.; Laethem, T.; Wang, R.W.; Didolkar, V.; Vets, E.; Gottesdiener, K.; Wagner, J.A. Assessment of the CYP3Amediated drug interaction potential of anacetrapib, a potent cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 2009, 49, 80-87
131. Mueller, O.; Chang, E.; Deng, D.; Franz, T.; Jing, D.; Kincaid, R.; Konigshofer, Y.; Kratzmeier, M.; McNulty, M.; Qian, H.; Schneider, J.; Schulte, H.; Seedorf, U.; Tian, X.; Van Cleve, M.; Yang, D.; Assmann, G. PROCAM Study: risk prediction for myocardial infarction using microfluidic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractionation is independent of HDL cholesterol. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 2008, 46, 490-498
132. Mack, W.J.; Krauss, R.M.; Hodis, H.N. Lipoprotein subclasses in the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS). Treatment effects and relation to coronary angiographic progression. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1996, 16, 697-704.
133. Bolibar, I.; Thompson, S.G.; von Eckardstein, A.; Sandkamp, M.; Assmann, G. Dose-dependent relationship of serum lipid measurements with the extent of coronary stenosis. Strong, independent, and comprehensive. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1995, 15, 1035-1042
134. Hodis, H.N.; Mack, W.J.; Azen, S.P.; Alaupovic, P.; Pogoda, J.M.; LaBree, L.; Hemphill, L.C.; Kramsch, D.M.; Blankenhorn, D.H. Triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins have a differential effect on mild/moderate and severe lesion progression as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography in a controlled trial of lovastatin. Circulation, 1994, 90, 42-49 (Pubitemid 24979893)
135. Reardon, M.F.; Nestel, P.J.; Craig, I.H.; Harper, R.W. Lipoprotein predictors of the severity of coronary artery disease in men and women. Circulation, 1985, 71, 881-888 (Pubitemid 15035237)
136. Bansal, S.; Buring, J.E.; Rifai, N.; Mora, S.; Sacks, F.M.; Ridker, P.M. Fasting Compared With Nonfasting Triglycerides and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Women. JAMA, 2007, 298, 309-316
137. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Salpea, K.D.; Pilatis, N.D.; Iraklianou, S.; Grapsa, G.; Pantelakis, A.; Tsarpalis, K.; Kapnia, E.; Cokkinos, D.V.Postprandial lipemia in postmenopausal women with high fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am. J. Med. Sci., 2006, 331, 10-16
138. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Pilatis, N.; Kafaltis, N.; Sorodila, K.; Psarros, E.; Cokkinos, D.V. Low fasting low highdensity lipoprotein and postprandial lipemia. Lipids Health Dis., 2004, 3, 18.
139. Reyes, G.; Yasunaga, K.; Rothenstein, E.; Karmally, W.; Ramakrishnan, R.; Holleran, S.; Ginsberg, H.N. Effects of a 1,3- diacylglycerol oil-enriched diet on postprandial lipemia in people with insulin resistance. J. Lipid Res., 2008, 49, 670-678
140. Ntyintyane, L.M.; Panz, V.R.; Raal, F.J.; Gill, G.V. Postprandial lipaemia, metabolic syndrome and LDL particle size in urbanised South African blacks with and without coronary artery disease. QJM., 2008, 101, 111-119
141. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Damaskos, D.S.; Mihas, C.; Mavrogeni, S.; Hatzigeorgiou, G.; Theodoridis, T.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. Gender influence on postprandial lipemia in heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 2007, 37, 335-342
142. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Pavlidis, A.N.; Salpea, K.D.; Iraklianou, S.A.; Hoursalas, I.S.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. Metabolic syndrome and gender differences in postprandial lipaemia. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil., 2006, 13, 661-664 (Pubitemid 44162173)
143. van Oostrom, A.J.; Alipour, A.; Plokker, T.W.; Sniderman, A.D.; Cabezas, M.C. The metabolic syndrome in relation to complement component 3 and postprandial lipemia in patients from an outpatient lipid clinic and healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis, 2007, 190, 167-173
144. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Pavlidis, A.N.; Salpea, K.D.; Iraklianou, S.A.; Tsarpalis, K.; Damaskos, D.S.; Manolis, A.; Cokkinos, D.V. Postprandial lipemia in men with metabolic syndrome, hypertensives and healthy subjects. Lipids Health Dis., 2005, 4, 21.
145. Kolovou, G.D.; Daskalova, DCh.; Iraklianou, S.A.; Adamopoulou, E.N.; Pilatis, N.D.; Hatzigeorgiou, G.C.; Cokkinos, D.V. Postprandial lipemia in hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2003, 22, 80-87
146. Bartual, A.; González, C.; Martínez Hervás, S.; Real, J.T.; García García, A.B.; Castro Cabezas, M.; Chaves, F.J.; Priego, M.A.; Ascaso, J.F.; Carmena, R. Effect of gender and obesity on postprandial lipemia in non-diabetic normolipidemic subjects and subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Rev. Clin. Esp., 2006, 206, 213-219 (Pubitemid 43997143)
147. González, C.; Real, J.T.; Bartual, A.; Chaves, F.J.; García-García, A.B.; Blesa, S.; Castro-Cabezas, M.; Ascaso, J.F.; Carmena, R. Determinants of postprandial lipemia measured as diurnal triglyceride profile in non diabetic normolipidemic subjects. Med. Clin. (Barc.), 2005, 125, 458-459 (Pubitemid 41597581)
148. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Pilatis, N.D.; Iraklianou, S.; Hoursalas, I.S.; Liberi, S.; Pavlidis, A.N.; Dritsas, A.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. Heterozygote men with familial hypercholesterolaemia may have an abnormal triglyceride response post-prandially. Evidence for another predictor of vascular risk in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 2005, 59, 311-317
149. Dane-Stewart, C.A.; Watts, G.F.; Mamo, J.C.; Dimmitt, S.B.; Barrett, P.H.; Redgrave, T.G. Elevated apolipoprotein B-48 and remnant- like particle-cholesterol in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2001, 31, 113-117
150. O'Keefe, J.H.; Gheewala, N.M.; O'Keefe, J.O. Dietary strategies for improving post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2008, 51, 249-255
151. Jones, P.J.; Demonty, I.; Chan, Y.M.; Herzog, Y.; Pelled, D. Fishoil esters of plant sterols differ from vegetable-oil sterol esters in triglycerides lowering, carotenoid bioavailability and impact on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Lipids Health Dis., 2007, 6, 28.
152. Silvestre, R.; Kraemer, W.J.; Quann, E.E.; Seip, R.L.; Maresh, C.M.; Vingren, J.L.; Hatfield, D.L.; Volek, J.S. Effects of exercise at different times on postprandial lipemia and endothelial function. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 2008, 40, 264-274
153. Mitchell, J.B.; Rowe, J.R.; Shah, M.; Barbee, J.J.; Watkins, A.M.; Stephens, C.; Simmons, S. Effect of prior exercise on postprandial triglycerides in overweight young women after ingesting a highcarbohydrate meal. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 2008, 18, 49-65.
154. Shannon, K.A.; Shannon, R.M.; Clore, J.N.; Gennings, C.; Warren, B.J.; Potteiger, J.A. Aerobic exercise alters postprandial lipemia in African American versus White women. Int. J. Sport. Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 2008, 18, 37-48.
155. Malkova, D.; Hardman, A.E.; Bowness, R.J.; Macdonald, I.A. The reduction in postprandial lipemia after exercise is independent of the relative contributions of fat and carbohydrate to energy metabolism during exercise. Metabolism, 1999, 48, 245-251
156. Branchi, A.; Torri, A.; Berra, C.; Colombo, E.; Sommariva, D. Changes in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein concentration and composition after a low-fat mixed meal. Effects of gender and insulin resistance. Intern. Emerg. Med., 2006, 1, 287-295
157. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Pilatis, N.D.; Giannopoulou, M.; Hoursalas, I.S.; Pavlidis, A.N.; Adamopoulou, E.; Valaora, A.I.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. The influence of natural menopause on postprandial lipemia in heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia. J. Womens Health (Larchmt), 2004, 13, 1119-1126
158. Drayna, D.; Jarnagin, A.S.; McLean, J.; Henzel, W.; Kohr, W.; Fielding, C.; Lawn, R. Cloning and sequencing of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein cDNA. Nature, 1987, 327, 632-634
159. Bruce, C.; Chouinard, R.A. Jr; Tall, A.R. Plasma lipid transfer proteins, high-density lipoproteins, and reverse cholesterol transport. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 1998, 18, 297-330.
160. Lagrost, L. Regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity: review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1994, 1215, 209-236
161. Agellon, L.B.; Quinet, E.M.; Gillette, T.G.; Drayna, D.T.; Brown, M.L.; Tall, A.R. Organization of the human cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. Biochemistry, 1990, 29, 1372-1376 (Pubitemid 20063363)
162. Cabezas, M.C.; de Bruin, T.W.; Westerveld, H.E.; Meijer, E.; Erkelens, D.W. Delayed chylomicron remnant clearance in subjects with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. J. Int. Med., 1998, 244, 299-307. (Pubitemid 28473993)
163. Patsch, J.R.; Miesenböck, G.; Hopferwieser, T.; Mühlberger, V.; Knapp, E.; Dunn, J.K.; Gotto, A.M. Jr; Patsch, W. Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1992, 12, 1336-1345
164. Malmström, R.; Packard, C.J.; Watson, T.D.; Rannikko, S.; Caslake, M.; Bedford, D.; Stewart, P.; Yki-Jarvinen, H.; Shepherd, J.; Taskinen, M.R. Metabolic basis of hypotriglyceridemic effects of insulin in normal men. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 1454-1464 (Pubitemid 27329873)
165. Packard, C.J.; Demant, T.; Stewart, J.P.; Bedford, D.; Caslake, M.J.; Schwertfeger, G.; Bedynek, A.; Shepherd, J.; Seidel, D. Apolipoprotein B metabolism and the distribution of VLDL and LDL subfractions. J. Lipid Res., 2000, 41, 305-318 (Pubitemid 30117872)
166. Ginsberg, H.N.; Le, N.A.; Goldberg, I.J.; Gibson, J.C.; Rubinstein, A.; Wang-Iverson, P.; Norum, R.; Brown, W.V. Apolipoprotein B metabolism in subjects with deficiency of apolipoproteins CIII and AI. Evidence that apolipoprotein CIII inhibits catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by lipoprotein lipase in vivo. J. Clin. Invest., 1986, 78, 1287-1295
167. Caslake, M.J.; Packard, C.J.; Gaw, A.; Murray, E.; Griffin, B.A.; Vallance, B.D.; Shepherd, J. Fenofibrate and LDL metabolic heterogeneity in hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler. Thromb,, 1993, 13, 702-711
168. Seo, T.; Al-Haideri, M.; Treskova, E.; Worgall, T.S.; Kako, Y.; Goldberg, I.J.; Deckelbaum, R.J. Lipoprotein lipase-mediated selective uptake from low density lipoprotein requires cell surface proteoglycans and is independent of scavenger receptor class B type 1. J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 30355-30362
169. Obunike, J.C.; Edwards, I.J.; Rumsey, S.C.; Curtiss, L.K.; Wagner, W.D.; Deckelbaum, R.J.; Goldberg, I.J. Cellular differences in lipoprotein lipase-mediated uptake of low density lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem., 1994, 269, 13129-13135 (Pubitemid 24206074)
170. Gazi, I.F.; Tsimihodimos, V.; Tselepis, A.D.; Elisaf, M.; Mikhailidis, D.P. Clinical importance and therapeutic modulation of small dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Expert. Opin. Biol. Ther., 2007, 7, 53-72.
171. Tall, A.R.; Blum, C.B.; Forester, G.P.; Nelson, C.A. Changes in the distribution and composition of plasma high density lipoproteins after ingestion of fat. J. Biol. Chem., 1982, 257, 198-207.
172. Freeman, D.J.; Caslake, M.J.; Griffin, B.A.; Hinnie, J.; Tan, C.E.; Watson, T.D.; Packard, C.J.; Shepherd, J. The effect of smoking on post-heparin lipoprotein and hepatic lipase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase activities in human plasma. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 1998, 28(7), 584-591. (Pubitemid 28350025)
173. Barter, P.J.; Hopkins, C.J.; Calvert, G.D. Transfers and exchanges of esterified cholesterol between plasma lipoproteins. Biochem. J., 1982, 208, 1-7. (Pubitemid 13215389)
174. Guerin, M.; Le Goff, W.; Lassel, T.S.; Van Tol, A.; Steiner, G.; Chapman, M.J. Atherogenic role of elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL(1) and dense LDL in type 2 diabetes : impact of the degree of triglyceridemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2001, 21, 282-288
175. Guerin, M.; Egger, P.; Soudant, C.; Le Goff, W.; van Tol, A.; Dupuis, R.; Chapman, M.J. Cholesteryl ester flux from HDL to VLDL-1 is preferentially enhanced in type IIB hyperlipidemia in the postprandial state. J. Lipid Res., 2002, 43, 1652-1660
176. Castro, G.R.; Fielding, C.J. Early incorporation of cell-derived cholesterol into pre-beta-migrating high-density lipoprotein. Biochemistry, 1988, 27, 25-29
177. Lamarch, B.; Rashid, S.; Lewis, G.F. HDL metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic states: an overview. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1999, 286, 145-161
178. Ginsberg, H.N.; Huang, L.S. The insulin resistance syndrome: impact on lipoprotein metabolism and atherothrombosis. J. Cardiovasc. Risk, 2000, 7, 325-331
179. Brunzell, J.D.; Hokanson, J.E. Dyslipidemia of central obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care, 1999, 22, C10-3.
180. Florentin, M.; Liberopoulos, E.N.; Wierzbicki, A.S.; Mikhailidis, D.P. Multiple actions of high-density lipoprotein. Curr. Opin. Cardiol., 2008, 23, 370-378
181. Guérin, M.; Le Goff, W.; Lassel, T.S.; Van Tol, A.; Steiner, G.; Chapman, M.J. Atherogenic role of elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL(1) and dense LDL in type 2 diabetes : impact of the degree of triglyceridemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2001, 21, 282-288 (Pubitemid 32125379)
182. Hirano, K.; Yamashita, S.; Funahashi, T.; Sakai, N.; Menju, M.; Ishigami, M.; Hiraoka, H.; Kameda-Takemura, K.; Tokunaga, K.; Hoshino T. Frequency of intron 14 splicing defect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the Japanese general population-relation between the mutation and hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis, 1993, 100, 85-90. (Pubitemid 23166011)
183. Brown, M.L.; Inazu, A.; Hesler, C.B.; Agellon, L.B.; Mann, C.; Whitlock, M.E.; Marcel, Y.L.; Milne, R.W.; Koizumi, J.; Mabuchi, H. Molecular basis of lipid transfer protein deficiency in a family with increased high-density lipoproteins. Nature, 1989, 342, 448-451 (Pubitemid 19277523)
184. Yamashita, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Okazaki, M.; Kako, H.; Yasugi, T.; Akioka, H.; Hirano, K.; Tarui, S. Small polydisperse low density lipoproteins in familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity. Atherosclerosis, 1988, 70, 7-12. (Pubitemid 18091697)
185. Ikewaki, K.; Rader, D.J.; Sakamoto, T.; Nishiwaki, M.; Wakimoto, N.; Schaefer, J.R.; Ishikawa, T.; Fairwell, T.; Zech, L.A.; Nakamura, H. Delayed catabolism of high density lipoprotein apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in human cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. J. Clin. Invest., 1993, 92, 1650-1658 (Pubitemid 23304526)
186. Hannuksela, M.L.; Liinamaa, M.J.; Kesäniemi, Y.A.; Savolainen, M.J. Relation of polymorphisms in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene to transfer protein activity and plasma lipoprotein levels in alcohol drinkers. Atherosclerosis, 1994, 110, 35-44. (Pubitemid 24312425)
187. Kolovou, G.; Anagnostopoulou, K.; Kostakou, P.; Marvaki, C.; Mihas, C.; Mikhailidis, D.P.; Cokkinos, D.V. Association between the TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene locus and postprandial plasma lipoprotein levels in heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 2007, 45, 1190-1198 (Pubitemid 47396278)
188. Noone, E.; Roche, H.M.; Black, I.; Tully, A.M.; Gibney, M.J. Effect of postprandial lipaemia and Taq 1B polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene on CETP mass, activity, associated lipoproteins and plasma lipids. Br J. Nutr., 2000, 84, 203-209
189. Tall, A.; Sammett, D.; Granot, E. Mechanisms of enhanced cholesteryl ester transfer from high density lipoproteins to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins during alimentary lipemia. J. Clin. Invest., 1986, 77, 1163-1172 (Pubitemid 16047136)
190. Zeybek, U.; Isbir, T.; Ergen, H.A.; Yilmaz, H.; Hekim, N.; Akoglu, E. Effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein TAQ1B polymorphism in renal transplant patients. Transplant. Proc., 2006, 38, 1382-1384 (Pubitemid 43912806)
191. Ikewaki, K.; Mabuchi, H.; Teramoto, T.; Yamada, N.; Oikawa, S.; Sasaki, J.; Takata, K.; Saito, Y.; Japan CETP Study Group. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and TaqIB polymorphism with lipoprotein variations in Japanese subjects. Metabolism, 2003, 52, 1564-1570
192. Romanski, S.A.; Nelson, R.M.; Jensen, M.D. Meal fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue: gender effects in nonobese humans. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2000, 279, E455-62.
193. Ohashi, R.; Mu, H.; Wang, X.; Yao, Q.; Chen, C. Reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol efflux in atherosclerosis. QJM., 2005, 98, 845-856 (Pubitemid 43071450)
194. Thomas, T.R.; Smith, B.K.; Donahue, O.M.; Altena, T.S.; James- Kracke, M.; Sun, G.Y. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and exercise on low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subfractions. Metabolism, 2004, 53, 749-754
195. Calabresi, L.; Villa, B.; Canavesi, M.; Sirtori, C.R.; James, R.W.; Bernini, F.; Franceschini, G. An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate increases plasma high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol and paraoxonase levels in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Metabolism, 2004, 53, 153-158 (Pubitemid 38168885)
196. Hirano, R.; Igarashi, O.; Kondo, K.; Itakura, H.; Matsumoto, A. Regulation by long-chain fatty acids of the expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in HepG2 cells. Lipids, 2001, 36, 401-406 (Pubitemid 32433876)
197. Nozaki, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Hirano, K.; Sakai, N.; Kubo, M.; Tarui, S. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on plasma lipoproteins in primary hypercholesterolemia. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 1992, 62, 256-260
198. Robins, S.J.; Collins, D.; Nelson, J.J.; Bloomfield, H.E.; Asztalos, B.F. Cardiovascular events with increased lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol: the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2008, 28, 1172-1178
199. Jonkers, I.J.; Smelt, A.H.; Hattori, H.; Scheek, L.M.; van Gent, T.; de Man, F.H.; van der Laarse, A.; van Tol, A. Decreased PLTP mass but elevated PLTP activity linked to insulin resistance in HTG: effects of bezafibrate therapy. J. Lipid Res., 2003, 44, 1462-1469
200. Homma, Y.; Ozawa, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Yamaguchi, H.; Sakane, H.; Mikami, Y.; Mikami, Y.; Nakamura, H. Effects of bezafibrate therapy on subfractions of plasma low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, and on activities of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis, 1994, 106, 191-201. (Pubitemid 24188761)
201. Lewis, G.F. Are the lipid-modifying effects of fibrates mediated by alterations in plasma lipid transfer activity? Clin. Sci. (Lond.), 2006, 111, 185-187
202. Guérin, M.; Bruckert, E.; Dolphin, P.J.; Turpin, G.; Chapman, M.J. Fenofibrate reduces plasma cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to VLDL and normalizes the atherogenic, dense LDL profile in combined hyperlipidemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1996, 16, 763-772 (Pubitemid 26179365)
203. Guerin, M.; Le Goff, W.; Frisdal, E.; Schneider, S.; Milosavljevic, D.; Bruckert, E.; Chapman, M.J. Action of ciprofibrate in type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia: modulation of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype and stimulation of high-density lipoprotein-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 88, 3738-3746
204. Hernandez, M.; Wright, S.D.; Cai, T.Q. Critical role of cholesterol ester transfer protein in nicotinic acid-mediated HDL elevation in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007, 355, 1075-1080
205. Anagnostopoulou, K.; Kolovou, G.; Kostakou, P.; Mihas, C.; Mikhailidis, D.; Cokkinos, D.V. Pharmacogenetic study of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene and simvastatin treatment in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 2007, 8, 2459-2463 (Pubitemid 350041334)
206. Fiegenbaum, M.; da Silveira, F.R.; Van der Sand, C.R.; Van der Sand, L.C.; Ferreira, M.E.; Pires, R.C.; Hutz, M.H. Pharmacogenetic study of apolipoprotein E, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic lipase genes and simvastatin therapy in Brazilian subjects. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2005, 362, 182-188
207. Boekholdt, S.M.; Kuivenhoven, J.A.; Hovingh, G.K.; Jukema, J.W.; Kastelein, J.J.; van Tol, A. CETP gene variation: relation to lipid parameters and cardiovascular risk. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2004, 15, 393-398
208. Kolovou, G.D.; Anagnostopoulou, K.K.; Salpea, K.D.; Daskalopoulou, S.S.; Mikhailidis, D.P. The effect of statins on postprandial lipemia. Curr Drug Targets. 2007, 8, 551-560
209. Masuda, D.; Nakagawa-Toyama, Y.; Nakatani, K.; Inagaki, M.; Tsubakio-Yamamoto, K.; Sandoval, J.C.; Ohama, T.; Nishida, M.; Ishigami, M.; Yamashita, S. Ezetimibe improves postprandial hyperlipidaemia in patients with type IIb hyperlipidaemia. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2009, 39, 689-698