Risk Assessment and Safety Evaluation of Mycotoxins in Fruits

Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-26

  Battilani, Paola ^a   Barbano, Carlo ^a   Logrieco, Antonio ^b  

^a UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE   (Italy)

^b INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES OF FOOD PRODUCTION   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 70350239129     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374126-4.00001-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. ArcView Ver. 8.2 (2002). ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA.
2. Baert K., Devlieghere F., Schats W., et al. Influence of intrinsic factors of apples on the growth and patulin production of Penicillium expansum. Comm. Agr. Biol. Sci. 2004, 69:45-48.
3. Baert K., de Meulenaer B., Kamala A., et al. Occurrence of patulin in organic, conventional and handcrafted apple juices marketed in Belgium. J. Food Prot. 2006, 69:1371-1378.
4. Battilani P., Barbano C., Marin S., et al. Mapping of Aspergillus Section Nigri in Southern Europe and Israel based on geostatistical analysis. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S72-S82.
5. Battilani P., Giorni P., Bertuzzi T., et al. Black aspergilli and ochratoxin A in grapes in Italy. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S53-S60.
6. Battilani P., Giorni P., Pietri A. Epidemiology of toxin producing fungi and ochratoxin A occurrence in grape. Eu. J. Plant Pathol. 2003, 109:715-722.
7. Battilani P., Logrieco A., Giorni P., et al. Ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius on some grape varieties grown in Italy. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84:1736-1740.
8. Battilani P., Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., et al. Occurrence of ochratoxin A producing fungi in grape grown in Italy. J. Food Prot. 2003, 66:633-636.
9. Battilani P., Pietri A., Logrieco A. Risk assessment and management in practice: ochratoxin in grapes and wine. Mycotoxins in Food: Detection and Control 2004, 244-261. Woodhead Publishing Limited., Cambridge, England. N. Magan, M. Olsen (Eds.).
10. Bejaoui H., Matheieua F., Taillandierb P., Lebrihi A. Black aspergilli and ochratoxin A production in French vineyards. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S46-S52.
11. Belli N., Marin S., Duaigues A., et al. Ochratoxin A in wines, musts and grape juice from Spain. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84:591-594.
12. Belli N., Marin S., Sanchis V., Ramos A.J. Influence of water activity and temperature on growth of isolates of Aspergillus section Nigri obtained from grapes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 96:19-27.
13. Belli N., Ramos A.J., Coronas I., et al. Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin A production on a synthetic grape medium in relation to environmental factors. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2005, 98:839-844.
14. Bottalico A., Logrieco A. Toxigenic Alternaria Species of Economic Importance. Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety 1998, 65-108. Marcel Dekker., New York. K.K. Sinha, D. Bhatnagar (Eds.).
15. Brigido B.M., Badolato M.I.C., Freitas V.P.S. Survey of aflatoxins in groundnuts and commercial groundnut products in the city of Campinas, SP, during 1994. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 1995, 55:85-90.
16. Burdaspal P.A., Legarda T.M. Prospective survey of aflatoxins in peanuts and pistachios. Alimentaria 1998, 297:151-156. Comparison with data published in Spain in 1998.
17. Burdaspal P.A., Legarda T.M. Ocratoxina a en vinos, mostos y zumos de uva elaborados en España y en otros paises Europeos. Alimentaria 2000, 299:107-113.
18. Castellari M.S., Fabbri A., Fabiani A., et al. Comparison of different immunoaffinity clean-up procedures for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of ochratoxin A in wines. J. Chromatog. A 2000, 888:129-136.
19. Chulze S.N., Magnoli C.E., Dalcero A.M. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in wine and ochratoxigenic mycoflora in grapes and dried vine fruits in South America. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S5-S9.
20. Cole R.J., Sanders T.H., Hill R.A., Blankenship P.D. Mean geocarposphere temperatures that induce preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts under drought stress. Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 1985, 91:41-46.
21. Cole R.J., Sanders T.H., Dorner J.W., Blankenship P.D. Environmental conditions required to induce preharvest aflatoxin contamination of groundnuts: Summary of six years' research. Aflatoxin Contamination of Groundnut: Proceedings of the International Workshop 1989, 6-9 Oct 1987:279-287. ICRISAT Center, India.
22. Cozzi P., Pascale M., Perrone G., et al. Effect of Lobesia botrana damages on black aspergilli rot and ochratoxin A content in grapes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S88-S92.
23. Craufurd P.Q., Prasad P.V.V., Waliyar F., Taheri A. Drought, pod yield, pre-harvest Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger. Field Crops Res. 2006, 98:20-29.
24. Davis B. Uses and abuses of cross validation in geostatistic. Math. Geol. 1987, 19:241-248.
25. Doner H.E., Amundson R.G., Lilieholm B. Comparison of Se and As concentrations in soils of the western San Joaquin Valley, California: 1946-1985. Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. 1989, 3:315-325.
26. Eltem R., Aksoy U., Altindisli A., et al. Determination of ochratoxin A in sultanas of the Aegean region 2003, 279-287. Proc. I. National Mycotoxin Symposium, Istanbul-Turkey.
27. Esteban A., Abarca M.L., Bragulat M.R., Cabanes F.J. Effects of temperature and incubation time on production of ochratoxin A by black aspergilli. Res. Microbiol. 2004, 155:861-866.
28. Esteban A., Abarca M.L., Bragulat M.R., Cabanes F.J. Influence of pH and incubation time on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius in culture media. J. Food Prot. 2005, 68:1435-1440.
29. Esteban A., Abarca M.L., Bragulat M.R., Cabanes F.J. Study of the effect of water activity and temperature on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus Carbonarius. Food Microbiol. 2006, 23:634-640.
30. Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006. Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official J. Eu. Union L 364 2006, 5-24. European Commission.
31. Filali A., Ouammi L., Betbeder A.M., et al. Ochratoxin A in beverages from Morocco: A preliminary survey. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18:565-568.
32. Fregoni, M. (2005). Viticoltura Di Qualità, Phytoline, Affi.
33. Gökmen V., Acar J. Incidence of patulin in apple juice concentrates produced in Turkey. J. Chromatog. A 1998, 815:99-102.
34. Guzev L., Danshin A., Ziv S., Lichter A. Occurrence of ochratoxin A producing fungi in wine and table grapes in Israel. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S67-S71.
35. Harish-Kumar, Jha Y.K., Chauhan G.S. Detection and estimation of aflatoxin in food grains of Tarai regions and effect of heat treatments on its inactivation. J. Food Sci. Tech. Mysore 2002, 39:479-483.
36. Harwig J., Chen Y.K., Kennedy B.P.C., Scott P.M. Occurrence of patulin and patulin-producing strains of Penicillium expansum in natural rots of apple in Canada. CIFST J. 1973, 6:22-25.
37. Ichinoe M., Saito T., Okano K. The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing strains in the imported Iranian pistachio nuts. Mycotoxins 2001, 51:109-114.
38. Ioannou-Kakouri E., Aletrari M., Christou E., et al. Occurrence of mycotoxins in local food in Cyprus. Occurrence of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Plants, Food and Feeds in Europe 2001, 13-18. European Commission, COST Action 835, EUR 19695.
39. Isaaks E.H., Srivastava R.M. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics 1989, Oxford University Press, New York NY:.
40. Jelinek C.F., Pohland A.E., Wood G.E. Worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds - an update. J. AOAC 1989, 72:223-230.
41. Karadenizm F., Eksi A. The correlation of fumaric acid with patulin, L-lactic acid and HMF in apple juice concentrate. Fruit Processing 1997, 12:475-478.
42. Laidou I.A., Thanassoulopoulos C.C., Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. Diffusion of patulin in the flesh of pears inoculated with four post-harvest pathogens. J. Phytopathol. 2001, 149:457-461.
43. Leggott N.L., Vismer H.F., Sydenham E.W., et al. Occurrence of patulin in the commercial processing of apple juice. South African J. Sci. 2000, 96:241-243.
44. Leong S.L., Hocking A.D., Pitt J.I., et al. Australian research on ochratoxigenic fungi and ochratoxin. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S10-S17.
45. Leong S.L., Hocking A.D., Scott E.S. Survival and growth of Aspergillus carbonarius on wine grapes before harvest. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S83-S87.
46. Leong S.L., Hocking A.D., Scott E.S. Effects of water activity and temperature on the survival of Aspergillus carbonarius spores in vitro. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2006, 42:326-330.
47. Leong S.L.L., Hocking A.D., Scott E.S. Effect of temperature and water activity on growth and ochratoxin A production by Australian Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger isolates on a simulated grape juice medium. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 110:209-216.
48. Magan N., Aldred D. Conditions of formation of ochratoxin A in drying, transport and in different commodities. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22(Suppl.1):10-16.
49. Marin S., Morales H., Ramos A.J., Sanchis V. Evaluation of growth quantification methods for modelling the growth of Penicillium expansum in an apple-based medium. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2006, 86(10):1468-1474.
50. Markaki P., Delpont-Binet C., Grosso F., Dragacci S. Determination of ochratoxin A in red wine and vinegar by immunoaffinity high-pressure liquid chromatography. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64:533-537.
51. Martins M.L., Gimeno A., Martins H.M., Bernardo F. Co-occurrence of patulin and citrinin in Portuguese apples with rotten spots. Food Addit. Contam. 2002, 19:568-574.
52. McCallum J.L., Tsao R., Zhou T. Factors affecting patulin production by Penicillium expansum. J. Food Prot. 2002, 65:1937-1942.
53. Mitchell, D. (2006). Ecological Factors Affecting Growth and Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus Section Nigri Species on Grapes. PhD Thesis, Cranfield University.
54. Mitchell D., Parra R., Aldred D., Magan N. Water and temperature relations of growth and ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius strains from grapes in Europe and Israel. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2004, 97:439-445.
55. Mulè G., Susca A., Logrieco A., et al. Development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of Aspergillus carbonarius in grapes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S28-S34.
56. Ng W., Mankotia M., Pantazopoulos P., et al. Ochratoxin A in wine and grape juice sold in Canada. Food Addit. Contam. 2004, 21:971-981.
57. Otteneder H., Majerus P. Occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wines: influence of the type of wine and its geographical origin. Food Addit. Contam. 2000, 17:793-798.
58. Paster N., Huppert D., Barkai-Golan R. Production of patulin by different strains of Penicillium expansum in pear and apple cultivars stored at different temperatures and modified atmospheres. Food Addit. Contam. 1995, 12(1):51-58.
59. Piemontese L., Solfrizzo M., Visconti A. Occurrence of patulin in conventional and organic fruit products in Italy and subsequent exposure assessment. Food Addit. Contam. 2005, 22(5):437-442.
60. Pietri A., Bertuzzi T., Pallaroni L., Piva G. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Italian wines. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18:647-654.
61. Podgorska E. Effect of preservatives on patulin production by Penicillium expansum. Acta Microbiologica Polonica 1992, 41:97-107.
62. Porter D.M., Smith D.H., Rodrìguez-Kàbana R. Compendium of Peanut Diseases 1984, American Phytopatological Society, USA, pp. 35-36.
63. Prieta J., Moreno M.A., Diaz S., et al. Survey of patulin in apple juice and children's apple food by the diphasic dialysis membrane procedure. J. Agr. Food Chem. 1994, 42:1701-1703.
64. Razzazi-Fazeli E., Noviandi C.T., Porasuphatana S., et al. A survey of aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin contamination in baby food, peanut and corn products sold at retail in Indonesia analysed by ELISA and HPLC. Mycotoxin Res. 2004, 20:51-58.
65. Romero S.M., Comerio R.M., Larumbe G., et al. Toxigenic fungi isolated from dried vine fruits in Argentina. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2005, 104:43-49.
66. Sabino M., Inomata E.I., Lamardo L.C.A., et al. A survey of the occurrence of aflatoxins in groundnuts (peanuts) and groundnut products in Sao Paulo State/Brazil in 1994. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 1999, 58:53-57.
67. Sage L., Kribovok S., Delbos E., et al. Fungal flora and ochratoxin A production in grapes and musts from France. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2002, 50:1306-1311.
68. Sangare-Tigori B., Moukha S., Kouadio H.J., et al. Co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereals and peanuts from Cote d'Ivoire. Food Addit. Contam. 2006, 23:1000-1007.
69. Schatzki T.S., Pan J. Distribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 4. Distribution in small pistachios. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45:205-207.
70. Serra R., Mendonça C., Venâncio A. Ochratoxin A occurrence and production in Portuguese wine grapes at various stages of maturation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S35-S39.
71. Shephard G.S. Aflatoxin and food safety: recent African perspectives. J. Toxicology toxin Reviews 2003, 22:267-286.
72. Shundo L., Silva R.A., Sabino M. Occurrence of aflatoxins in peanut and peanut products marketed in the region of Marilia - SP, Brazil in the period of 1999-2001. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 2003, 62:177-181.
73. Snowdon A.L. A colour atlas of post-harvest diseases and disorders of fruits and vegetables 1990, Wolfe publishing Ltd., Vol.1, p. 302.
74. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) ver. 11.5.1 (2002). SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.
75. Sugita-Konishi Y., Nakajima M., Tabata S., et al. Occurrence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins in retail foods in Japan. J. Food Prot. 2006, 69:1365-1370.
76. Thomson S.V., Mehdy M.C. Occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in pistachio nuts prior to harvest. Phytopathol. 1978, 68:1112-1114.
77. Tjamos S.E., Antoniou P.P., Tjamos E.C. Aspergillus spp., distribution, population composition and ochratoxin A production in wine-producing vineyards in Greece. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 111:S61-S66.
78. Valero A., Farre J.R., Sanchis V., et al. Kinetics and spatial distribution of OTA in Aspergillus carbonarius cultures. Food Microbiol. 2006, 23:753-756.
79. w. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 110:160-164.
80. Valletrisco M., Ruggirei G., Niola I., Ruggeri P. Ricerche della patulina nelle marmellate, conserve a larga diffusione nell'alimentazione infantile. Industrie Alimentari 1983, 9:636-639.
81. Visconti A., Pascale M., Centonze G. Determination of ochratoxin A in wine by mean of immunoaffinity column clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatog. A. 1999, 864:89-101.
82. Zimmerli B., Dick R. Ochratoxin A in table wine and grape-juice: Occurrence and risk assessment. Food Addit. Contam. 1996, 13:655-668.