Occurrence of patulin in organic, conventional, and handcrafted apple juices marketed in Belgium

Journal of Food Protection

Volumn 69, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1371-1378

  Baert, Katleen ^a   De Meulenaer, Bruno ^a   Kamala, Analice ^a   Kasase, Chitundu ^a   Devlieghere, Frank ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MALUS X DOMESTICA;

EID: 33745094431     PISSN: 0362028X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X-69.6.1371     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Baert, K., B. De Meulenaer, C. Kasase, A. Huyghebaert, W. Ooghe, and F. Devlieghere. Free and bound patulin in cloudy apple juice. Food Chem., in press.
2. Beretta, B., R. De Domenico, A. Gaiaschi, C. Ballabio, C. L. Galli, C. Gigliotti, and P. Restani. 2002. Ochratoxin A in cereal-based baby foods: occurrence and safety evaluation. Food Addit. Contam. 19:70-75.
3. Beretta, B., A. Gaiaschi, C. Galli, and P. Restani. 2000. Patulin in apple-based foods: occurrence and safety evaluation. Food Addit. Contam. 17:399-406.
4. Biffi, R., M. Munari, L. Dioguardi, C. Ballabio, A. Cattaneo, C. L. Galli, and P. Restani. 2004. Ochratoxin A in conventional and organic cereal derivatives: a survey of the Italian market, 2001-02. Food Addit. Contam. 21:586-591.
5. Boonzaaijer, G., I. Bobeldijk, and W. A. van Osenbruggen. 2005. Analysis of patulin in Dutch food, an evaluation of a SPE based method. Food Control 16:587-591.
6. Bourn, D., and J. Prescott. 2002. A comparison of the nutritional value, sensory qualities and food safety of organically and conventionally produced foods. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42:1-34.
7. Broom, W. A., E. Bulbring, C. J. Chapman, J. W. F. Hampton, A. M. Thomson, J. Unger, R. Wien, and G. Woolfe. 1944. The pharmacology of patulin. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 25:195-207.
8. Ciegler, A., A. C. Beckwith, and L. K. Jackson. 1976. Teratogenicity of patulin and patulin adducts formed with cysteine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31:664-667.
9. 2. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:8128-8131.
10. Codex Alimentarius. 2003. Code of practice for the prevention and reduction of patulin contamination in apple juice and apple juice ingredients in other beverages. CAC/RCP 50-2003. Food and Agriculture Organization, Geneva.
11. Doll, S., H. Valenta, S. Dänicke, and G. Flachowsky. 2002. Fusarium mycotoxins in conventionally and organically grown grain from Thuringia/Germany. Landbauforsch. Voelkenrode 2:91-96.
12. Escoula, L., M. Thomsen, D. Bourdiol, B. Pipy, S. Peuriere, and F. Roubinet. 1988. Patulin immunotoxicology: effect of phagocyte activation and the cellular and humoral immune system of mice and rabbits. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 10:983-989.
13. European Council. 1991. Council regulation (EEC) No 2092/91, of 24 June 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Union L198:1-15.
14. FAPAS (Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme). 2002. Protocol for the organisation and analysis of data, 6th ed. Available at: http://www.fapas.com/pdfpub/FAPASProtocol.pdf. Accessed 6 November 2005.
15. Ghidini, S., E. Zanardi, A. Battaglia, G. Varisco, E. Feretti, G. Campanini, and R. Chizzolini. 2005. Comparison of contaminant and residue levels in organic and conventional milk and meat products from northern Italy. Food Addit. Contain. 22:9-14.
16. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1986. Patulin-summary of data reported and evaluation. IARC Monogr. 40:83. Available at: http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol40/patulin.html. Accessed 6 November 2005.
17. International Organization for Standardization. 1989. Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurements, methods and results. Part 3: intermediate measures of the precision of a test method. ISO-DIS 5725-3. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
18. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 1995. Evaluations of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO technical report series 859. Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization, Geneva.
19. Liteanu, C., and I. Rîcǎ. 1980. Statistical theory and methodology of trace analysis. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
20. MacDonald, S., M. Long, J. Gilbert, and I. Felguieras. 2000. Liquid chromatographic method for determination of patulin in clear and cloudy apple juices and apple puree: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 83:1387-1394.
21. Malmauret, L., D. Parent-Massin, J.-L. Hardy, and P. Verger. 2002. Contaminants in organic and conventional foodstuffs in France. Food Addit. Contain. 19:524-532.
22. National Institute of Statistics. 2005. Sales of organic products-international comparison, based on data of the International Trade Centre. Available at: http://statbel.fgov.be/home-en.asp. Accessed 16 August 2005.
23. National Institute of Statistics. 2005. Statistics of agriculture and biological agriculture, based on data of the Ministry of the Flemish Community, Ministry of the Walloon Community and Bioforum. Available at: http://statbel.fgov.be/home.en.asp. Accessed 16 August 2005.
24. Piemontese, L., M. Solfrizzo, and A. Visconti. 2005. Occurrence of patulin in conventional and organic fruit products in Italy and subsequent exposure assessment. Food Addit. Contain. 22:437-442.
25. Ritieni, A. 2003. Patulin in Italian commercial apple products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:6086-6090.
26. Rychlik, M. 2003. Rapid degradation of the mycotoxin patulin in man quantified by stable isotope dilution assays. Food Addit. Contam. 20:829-837.
27. Rychlik, M., F. Kircher, V. Schusdziarra, and F. Lippl. 2004. Absorption of the mycotoxin patulin from the rat stomach. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42:729-735.
28. Schollenberger, M., W. Drochner, M. Rüfle, S. Suchy, H. Terry-Jara, and H.-M. Müller. 2005. Trichothecene toxins in different groups of conventional and organic bread of the German market. J. Food Composition Anal. 18:69-78.
29. Schollenberger, M., H. Terry-Jara, S. Suchy, W. Drochner, and H.-M. Müller. 2002. Fusarium toxins in wheat flour collected in an area in southwest Germany. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 72:85-89.
30. Scientific Committee on Plants. 1999. Opinion on the relationship between the use of plant protection products on food plants and the occurrence of mycotoxins in foods. SCP/RES1/063-Final. European Commission, Brussels.
31. Skaug, M. A. 1999. Analysis of Norwegian milk and infant formulas for ochratoxin A. Food Addit. Contain. 16:75-78.
32. Tafuri, A., R. Ferracane, and A. Ritieni. 2004. Ochratoxin A in Italian marketed cocoa products. Food Chem. 88:487-494.
33. Tangni, E. K., R. Theys, E. Mignolet, M. Maudoux, J. Y. Michelet, and Y. Larondelle. 2003. Patulin in domestic an imported apple-based drinks in Belgium: occurrence and exposure assessment. Food Addit. Contam. 20:482-489.