메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 912-920

Genomic mutation rates: What high-throughput methods can tell us

Author keywords

DNA sequencing; Genome; High throughput DNA analysis; Mutation rate; Variability

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA;

EID: 70349964711     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.200900017     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 4043181214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer genes and the pathways they control
    • Vogelstein, B. and Kinzler, K. W., Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nat Med 2004. 10: 789-799.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 789-799
    • Vogelstein, B.1    Kinzler, K.W.2
  • 2
    • 30744475434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of eukaryotic gene structure
    • Lynch, M., The origins of eukaryotic gene structure. Mol Biol Evol 2006. 23: 450-468.
    • (2006) Mol Biol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 450-468
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 3
    • 19344378811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional bias and spatial organization of genes in mutational hot and cold regions in the human genome
    • Chuang, J. H. and Li, H., Functional bias and spatial organization of genes in mutational hot and cold regions in the human genome. PLoS Biol 2004. 2: E29.
    • (2004) PLoS Biol , vol.2
    • Chuang, J.H.1    Li, H.2
  • 4
    • 33748428600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations
    • Keightley, P. D. and Otto, S. P., Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations. Nature 2006. 443: 89-92.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 89-92
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Otto, S.P.2
  • 5
    • 27744499137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid evolution of gene expression
    • Rifkin, S. A., Houle, D., Kim, J. and White, K. P., A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid evolution of gene expression. Nature 2005. 438: 220-223.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 220-223
    • Rifkin, S.A.1    Houle, D.2    Kim, J.3    White, K.P.4
  • 6
    • 34547616501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new mutation theory of phenotypic evolution
    • Nei,M., The new mutation theory of phenotypic evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007. 104: 12235-12242.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 12235-12242
    • Nei, M.1
  • 7
    • 2442537233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene regulatory network growth by duplication
    • Teichmann, S. A. and Babu, M. M., Gene regulatory network growth by duplication. Nat Genet 2004. 36: 492-496.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 492-496
    • Teichmann, S.A.1    Babu, M.M.2
  • 8
    • 0842346281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis
    • Friedberg, E. C., McDaniel, L. D. and Schultz, R. A., The role of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2004. 14: 5-10.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Genet Dev , vol.14 , pp. 5-10
    • Friedberg, E.C.1    McDaniel, L.D.2    Schultz, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 0015504248 scopus 로고
    • Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid
    • Lindahl, T. and Nyberg, B., Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1972. 11: 3610-3618.
    • (1972) Biochemistry , vol.11 , pp. 3610-3618
    • Lindahl, T.1    Nyberg, B.2
  • 10
    • 33644626371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA mismatch repair: Functions and mechanisms
    • Iyer, R. R., Pluciennik, A., Burdett, V. and Modrich, P. L., DNA mismatch repair: functions and mechanisms. Chem Rev 2006. 106: 302-323.
    • (2006) Chem Rev , vol.106 , pp. 302-323
    • Iyer, R.R.1    Pluciennik, A.2    Burdett, V.3    Modrich, P.L.4
  • 11
    • 33845604556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA double-strand break repair: All's well that ends well
    • Wyman, C. and Kanaar, R., DNA double-strand break repair: all's well that ends well. Annu Rev Genet 2006. 40: 363-383.
    • (2006) Annu Rev Genet , vol.40 , pp. 363-383
    • Wyman, C.1    Kanaar, R.2
  • 12
    • 38049125552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases
    • McCulloch, S. D. and Kunkel, T. A., The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases. Cell Res 2008. 18: 148-161.
    • (2008) Cell Res , vol.18 , pp. 148-161
    • McCulloch, S.D.1    Kunkel, T.A.2
  • 13
    • 0036218367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive model of mutations affecting fitness and inferences for Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Shaw, F. H., Geyer, C. J. and Shaw, R. G., A comprehensive model of mutations affecting fitness and inferences for Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolution 2002. 56: 453-463.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 453-463
    • Shaw, F.H.1    Geyer, C.J.2    Shaw, R.G.3
  • 14
    • 11244275516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous mutations in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae: More beneficial than expected
    • Joseph, S. B. and Hall, D. W., Spontaneous mutations in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae: more beneficial than expected. Genetics 2004. 168: 1817-1825.
    • (2004) Genetics , vol.168 , pp. 1817-1825
    • Joseph, S.B.1    Hall, D.W.2
  • 15
    • 0035970874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and benefits of high mutation rates: Adaptive evolution of bacteria in the mouse gut
    • Giraud, A., Matic, I., Tenaillon, O., Clara, A., Radman, M., et al. Costs and benefits of high mutation rates: adaptive evolution of bacteria in the mouse gut. Science 2001. 291: 2606-2608.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 2606-2608
    • Giraud, A.1    Matic, I.2    Tenaillon, O.3    Clara, A.4    Radman, M.5
  • 16
    • 34447546660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations
    • Eyre-Walker, A. and Keightley, P. D., The distribution of fitness effects of new mutations. Nat Rev Genet 2007. 8: 610-618.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Genet , vol.8 , pp. 610-618
    • Eyre-Walker, A.1    Keightley, P.D.2
  • 17
    • 0034924997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative selection on the human genome
    • Fay, J. C., Wyckoff, G. J. and Wu, C. I., Positive and negative selection on the human genome. Genetics 2001. 158: 1227-1234.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.158 , pp. 1227-1234
    • Fay, J.C.1    Wyckoff, G.J.2    Wu, C.I.3
  • 18
    • 44949129000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boyko, A. R., Williamson, S. H., Indap, A. R., Degenhardt, J. D., Hernandez, R. D., et al. Assessing the evolutionary impact of amino acid mutations in the human genome. PLoS Genet 2008. 4: e1000083.
    • Boyko, A. R., Williamson, S. H., Indap, A. R., Degenhardt, J. D., Hernandez, R. D., et al. Assessing the evolutionary impact of amino acid mutations in the human genome. PLoS Genet 2008. 4: e1000083.
  • 19
    • 37249042614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint inference of the distribution of fitness effects of deleterious mutations and population demography based on nucleotide polymorphism frequencies
    • Keightley, P. D. and Eyre-Walker, A., Joint inference of the distribution of fitness effects of deleterious mutations and population demography based on nucleotide polymorphism frequencies. Genetics 2007. 177: 2251-2261.
    • (2007) Genetics , vol.177 , pp. 2251-2261
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Eyre-Walker, A.2
  • 20
    • 33745624539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of adaptive evolution in enteric bacteria
    • Charlesworth, J. and Eyre-Walker, A., The rate of adaptive evolution in enteric bacteria. Mol Biol Evol 2006. 23: 1348-1356.
    • (2006) Mol Biol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 1348-1356
    • Charlesworth, J.1    Eyre-Walker, A.2
  • 21
    • 20844442964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in efficiency of DNA mismatch repair at different sites in the yeast genome
    • Hawk, J. D., Stefanovic, L., Boyer, J. C., Petes, T. D. and Farber, R. A., Variation in efficiency of DNA mismatch repair at different sites in the yeast genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005. 102: 8639-8643.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 8639-8643
    • Hawk, J.D.1    Stefanovic, L.2    Boyer, J.C.3    Petes, T.D.4    Farber, R.A.5
  • 22
    • 0024497416 scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates differ among regions of the mammalian genome
    • Wolfe, K. H., Sharp, P. M. and Li, W. H., Mutation rates differ among regions of the mammalian genome. Nature 1989. 337: 283-285.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 283-285
    • Wolfe, K.H.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Li, W.H.3
  • 23
    • 0033615073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosomal location effects on gene sequence evolution in mammals
    • Matassi, G., Sharp, P. M. and Gautier, C., Chromosomal location effects on gene sequence evolution in mammals. Curr Biol 1999. 9: 786-791.
    • (1999) Curr Biol , vol.9 , pp. 786-791
    • Matassi, G.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Gautier, C.3
  • 24
    • 21244454414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial regional variation in substitution rates in the human genome: Importance of GC content, gene density, and telomere-specific effects
    • Arndt, P. F., Hwa, T. and Petrov, D. A., Substantial regional variation in substitution rates in the human genome: importance of GC content, gene density, and telomere-specific effects. J Mol Evol 2005. 60: 748-763.
    • (2005) J Mol Evol , vol.60 , pp. 748-763
    • Arndt, P.F.1    Hwa, T.2    Petrov, D.A.3
  • 25
    • 18544404720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariation in frequencies of substitution, deletion, transposition, and recombination during eutherian evolution
    • Hardison, R. C., Roskin, K. M., Yang, S., Diekhans, M., Kent, W. J., et al. Covariation in frequencies of substitution, deletion, transposition, and recombination during eutherian evolution. Genome Res 2003. 13: 13-26.
    • (2003) Genome Res , vol.13 , pp. 13-26
    • Hardison, R.C.1    Roskin, K.M.2    Yang, S.3    Diekhans, M.4    Kent, W.J.5
  • 26
    • 0036640951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human SNP variability and mutation rate are higher in regions of high recombination
    • Lercher, M. J. and Hurst, L. D., Human SNP variability and mutation rate are higher in regions of high recombination. Trends Genet 2002. 18: 337-340.
    • (2002) Trends Genet , vol.18 , pp. 337-340
    • Lercher, M.J.1    Hurst, L.D.2
  • 27
    • 0029065571 scopus 로고
    • Association of increased spontaneous mutation rates with high levels of transcription in yeast
    • Datta, A. and Jinks-Robertson, S., Association of increased spontaneous mutation rates with high levels of transcription in yeast. Science 1995. 268: 1616-1619.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 1616-1619
    • Datta, A.1    Jinks-Robertson, S.2
  • 28
    • 0032486117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased transcription decreases the spontaneous mutation rate at the thymidine kinase locus in human cells
    • Lippert, M. J., Chen, Q. and Liber, H. L., Increased transcription decreases the spontaneous mutation rate at the thymidine kinase locus in human cells. Mutat Res 1998. 401: 1-10.
    • (1998) Mutat Res , vol.401 , pp. 1-10
    • Lippert, M.J.1    Chen, Q.2    Liber, H.L.3
  • 29
    • 57149102482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teytelman, L., Eisen, M. B. and Rine, J., Silent but not static: accelerated base-pair substitution in silenced chromatin of budding yeasts. PLoS Genet 2008. 4: e1000247.
    • Teytelman, L., Eisen, M. B. and Rine, J., Silent but not static: accelerated base-pair substitution in silenced chromatin of budding yeasts. PLoS Genet 2008. 4: e1000247.
  • 30
    • 56649089682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary footprints of nucleosome positions in yeast
    • Washietl, S., Machné, R. and Goldman, N., Evolutionary footprints of nucleosome positions in yeast. Trends Genet 2008. 24: 583-587.
    • (2008) Trends Genet , vol.24 , pp. 583-587
    • Washietl, S.1    Machné, R.2    Goldman, N.3
  • 35
    • 34447564992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rate variation in multicellular eukaryotes: Causes and consequences
    • Baer, C. F., Miyamoto, M. M. and Denver, D. R., Mutation rate variation in multicellular eukaryotes: causes and consequences. Nat Rev Genet 2007. 8: 619-631.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Genet , vol.8 , pp. 619-631
    • Baer, C.F.1    Miyamoto, M.M.2    Denver, D.R.3
  • 36
    • 0034006621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining mutation rates in bacterial populations
    • Rosche, W. A. and Foster, P. L., Determining mutation rates in bacterial populations. Methods 2000. 20: 4-17.
    • (2000) Methods , vol.20 , pp. 4-17
    • Rosche, W.A.1    Foster, P.L.2
  • 37
    • 0025886466 scopus 로고
    • A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes
    • Drake, J. W., A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991. 88: 7160-7164.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 7160-7164
    • Drake, J.W.1
  • 38
    • 40849138236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the per-base-pair mutation rate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Lang, G. I. and Murray, A. W., Estimating the per-base-pair mutation rate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2008. 178: 67-82.
    • (2008) Genetics , vol.178 , pp. 67-82
    • Lang, G.I.1    Murray, A.W.2
  • 39
    • 0000925644 scopus 로고
    • Different rates of spontaneous mutation during mitosis and meiosis in yeast
    • Magni, G. E. and Von Borstel, R. C., Different rates of spontaneous mutation during mitosis and meiosis in yeast. Genetics 1962. 47: 1097-1108.
    • (1962) Genetics , vol.47 , pp. 1097-1108
    • Magni, G.E.1    Von Borstel, R.C.2
  • 40
    • 0029931416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimate of the genomic mutation rate deleterious to overall fitness in E. coli
    • Kibota, T. T. and Lynch, M., Estimate of the genomic mutation rate deleterious to overall fitness in E. coli. Nature 1996. 381: 694-696.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 694-696
    • Kibota, T.T.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 41
    • 0032948292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpredictable fitness transitions between haploid and diploid strains of the genetically loaded yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Korona, R., Unpredictable fitness transitions between haploid and diploid strains of the genetically loaded yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 1999. 151: 77-85.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 77-85
    • Korona, R.1
  • 42
    • 78651159254 scopus 로고
    • The genetic structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Spontaneous mutation rate of polygenes controlling viability
    • Mukai, T., The genetic structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Spontaneous mutation rate of polygenes controlling viability. Genetics 1964. 50: 1-19.
    • (1964) Genetics , vol.50 , pp. 1-19
    • Mukai, T.1
  • 43
    • 0015405272 scopus 로고
    • Mutation rate and dominance of genes affecting viability in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Mukai, T., Chigusa, S. I., Mettler, L. E. and Crow, J. F., Mutation rate and dominance of genes affecting viability in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 1972. 72: 335-355.
    • (1972) Genetics , vol.72 , pp. 335-355
    • Mukai, T.1    Chigusa, S.I.2    Mettler, L.E.3    Crow, J.F.4
  • 44
    • 0034765995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct estimate of the mutation rate and the distribution of fitness effects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Wloch, D. M., Szafraniec, K., Borts, R. H. and Korona, R., Direct estimate of the mutation rate and the distribution of fitness effects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2001. 159: 441-452.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 441-452
    • Wloch, D.M.1    Szafraniec, K.2    Borts, R.H.3    Korona, R.4
  • 45
    • 0028072361 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of mutation effects on viability in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Keightley, P. D., The distribution of mutation effects on viability in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 1994. 138: 1315-1322.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 1315-1322
    • Keightley, P.D.1
  • 46
    • 0343247818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate and effects distribution of viability mutation in Drosophila: Minimum distance estimation
    • Garcia-Dorado, A., The rate and effects distribution of viability mutation in Drosophila: minimum distance estimation. Evolution 1997. 51: 1130-1139.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1130-1139
    • Garcia-Dorado, A.1
  • 47
    • 0038801353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing analysis methods for mutation-accumulation data: A simulation study
    • García-Dorado, A. and Gallego, A., Comparing analysis methods for mutation-accumulation data: a simulation study. Genetics 2003. 164: 807-819.
    • (2003) Genetics , vol.164 , pp. 807-819
    • García-Dorado, A.1    Gallego, A.2
  • 48
    • 0033582279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New estimates of the rates and effects of mildly deleterious mutation in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Fry, J. D., Keightley, P. D., Heinsohn, S. L. and Nuzhdin, S. V., New estimates of the rates and effects of mildly deleterious mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999. 96: 574-579.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 574-579
    • Fry, J.D.1    Keightley, P.D.2    Heinsohn, S.L.3    Nuzhdin, S.V.4
  • 49
    • 0034092692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multigeneration maximum-likelihood analysis applied to mutation-accumulation experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Keightley, P. D. and Bataillon, T. M., Multigeneration maximum-likelihood analysis applied to mutation-accumulation experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2000. 154: 1193-1201.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 1193-1201
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Bataillon, T.M.2
  • 50
    • 0035148461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of the rate and distribution of fitness effects of spontaneous mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Zeyl, C. and DeVisser, J. A., Estimates of the rate and distribution of fitness effects of spontaneous mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2001. 157: 53-61.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.157 , pp. 53-61
    • Zeyl, C.1    DeVisser, J.A.2
  • 51
    • 0014421064 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary rate at the molecular level
    • Kimura, M., Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature 1968. 217: 624-626.
    • (1968) Nature , vol.217 , pp. 624-626
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 52
    • 0019949369 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between the abundance of yeast transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in protein genes. Differences in synonymous codon choice patterns of yeast and Escherichia coli with reference to the abundance of isoaccepting transfer RNAs
    • Ikemura, T., Correlation between the abundance of yeast transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in protein genes. Differences in synonymous codon choice patterns of yeast and Escherichia coli with reference to the abundance of isoaccepting transfer RNAs. J Mol Biol 1982. 158: 573-597.
    • (1982) J Mol Biol , vol.158 , pp. 573-597
    • Ikemura, T.1
  • 53
    • 0024116811 scopus 로고
    • Silent sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: Evidence of selection among synonymous codons
    • Shields, D. C., Sharp, P. M., Higgins, D. G. and Wright, F., "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. Mol Biol Evol 1988. 5: 704-716.
    • (1988) Mol Biol Evol , vol.5 , pp. 704-716
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Wright, F.4
  • 54
    • 0034883255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of conserved noncoding DNA in Drosophila reveals similar constraints in intergenic and intronic sequences
    • Bergman, C. M. and Kreitman, M., Analysis of conserved noncoding DNA in Drosophila reveals similar constraints in intergenic and intronic sequences. Genome Res 2001. 11: 1335-1345.
    • (2001) Genome Res , vol.11 , pp. 1335-1345
    • Bergman, C.M.1    Kreitman, M.2
  • 55
    • 27144491328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive evolution of non-coding DNA in Drosophila
    • Andolfatto, P., Adaptive evolution of non-coding DNA in Drosophila. Nature 2005. 437: 1149-1152.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1149-1152
    • Andolfatto, P.1
  • 57
    • 0037360124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a realistic model of mutations affecting fitness
    • Keightley, P. D. and Lynch, M., Toward a realistic model of mutations affecting fitness. Evolution 2003. 57: 683-685.
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 683-685
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 58
    • 0032897573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of spontaneous mutation for life-history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Vassilieva, L. L. and Lynch, M., The rate of spontaneous mutation for life-history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 1999. 151: 119-129.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 119-129
    • Vassilieva, L.L.1    Lynch, M.2
  • 59
    • 0033613252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous deleterious mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Schultz, S. T., Lynch, M. and Willis, J. H., Spontaneous deleterious mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999. 96: 11393-11398.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 11393-11398
    • Schultz, S.T.1    Lynch, M.2    Willis, J.H.3
  • 60
    • 33745347447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of fitness effects of new deleterious amino acid mutations in humans
    • Eyre-Walker, A., Woolfit, M. and Phelps, T., The distribution of fitness effects of new deleterious amino acid mutations in humans. Genetics 2006. 173: 891-900.
    • (2006) Genetics , vol.173 , pp. 891-900
    • Eyre-Walker, A.1    Woolfit, M.2    Phelps, T.3
  • 61
    • 0032764964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of BRCA1 mutation analysis by direct sequencing, SSCP and DHPLC
    • Gross, E., Arnold, N., Goette, J., Schwarz-Boeger, U. and Kiechle, M. A., Comparison of BRCA1 mutation analysis by direct sequencing, SSCP and DHPLC. Hum Genet 1999. 105: 72-78.
    • (1999) Hum Genet , vol.105 , pp. 72-78
    • Gross, E.1    Arnold, N.2    Goette, J.3    Schwarz-Boeger, U.4    Kiechle, M.A.5
  • 62
    • 39649117755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of next-generation sequencing technology on genetics
    • Mardis, E. R., The impact of next-generation sequencing technology on genetics. Trends Genet 2008. 24: 133-141.
    • (2008) Trends Genet , vol.24 , pp. 133-141
    • Mardis, E.R.1
  • 63
    • 28844463698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing
    • Metzker, M. L., Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing. Genome Res 2005. 15: 1767-1776.
    • (2005) Genome Res , vol.15 , pp. 1767-1776
    • Metzker, M.L.1
  • 64
    • 40849097774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing whole genomes using DNA microarrays
    • Gresham, D., Dunham, M. J. and Botstein, D., Comparing whole genomes using DNA microarrays. Nat Rev Genet 2008. 9: 291-302.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Genet , vol.9 , pp. 291-302
    • Gresham, D.1    Dunham, M.J.2    Botstein, D.3
  • 65
    • 48249133274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide view of the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in yeast
    • Lynch, M., Sung, W., Morris, K., Coffey, N., Landry, C. R., et al. A genome-wide view of the spectrum of spontaneous mutations in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008. 105: 9272-9277.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 9272-9277
    • Lynch, M.1    Sung, W.2    Morris, K.3    Coffey, N.4    Landry, C.R.5
  • 66
    • 33748900570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of recessive lethal mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mlh1 mismatch repair mutants is not associated with gross chromosomal rearrangements
    • Heck, J. A., Gresham, D., Botstein, D. and Alani, E., Accumulation of recessive lethal mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mlh1 mismatch repair mutants is not associated with gross chromosomal rearrangements. Genetics 2006. 174: 519-523.
    • (2006) Genetics , vol.174 , pp. 519-523
    • Heck, J.A.1    Gresham, D.2    Botstein, D.3    Alani, E.4
  • 67
    • 3943059570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High mutation rate and predominance of insertions in the Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear genome
    • Denver, D. R., Morris, K., Lynch, M. and Thomas, W. K., High mutation rate and predominance of insertions in the Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear genome. Nature 2004. 430: 679-682.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 679-682
    • Denver, D.R.1    Morris, K.2    Lynch, M.3    Thomas, W.K.4
  • 68
    • 0037360525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans: An analysis of divergence and outcrossing
    • Denver, D. R., Morris, K. and Thomas, W. K., Phylogenetics in Caenorhabditis elegans: an analysis of divergence and outcrossing. Mol Biol Evol 2003. 20: 393-400.
    • (2003) Mol Biol Evol , vol.20 , pp. 393-400
    • Denver, D.R.1    Morris, K.2    Thomas, W.K.3
  • 69
    • 0033543507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of cryptic deleterious mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Davies, E. K., Peters, A. D. and Keightley, P. D., High frequency of cryptic deleterious mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 1999. 285: 1748-1751.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1748-1751
    • Davies, E.K.1    Peters, A.D.2    Keightley, P.D.3
  • 70
    • 33846047594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct estimation of per nucleotide and genomic deleterious mutation rates in Drosophila
    • Haag-Liautard, C., Dorris, M., Maside, X., Macaskill, S., Halligan, D. L., et al. Direct estimation of per nucleotide and genomic deleterious mutation rates in Drosophila. Nature 2007. 445: 82-85.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 82-85
    • Haag-Liautard, C.1    Dorris, M.2    Maside, X.3    Macaskill, S.4    Halligan, D.L.5
  • 71
    • 0033591405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation rates: Does complexity matter?
    • Dall, S. R. and Cuthill, I. C., Mutation rates: does complexity matter? J Theor Biol 1999. 198: 283-285.
    • (1999) J Theor Biol , vol.198 , pp. 283-285
    • Dall, S.R.1    Cuthill, I.C.2
  • 72
    • 33646566815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proceedings of the SMBE Tri-National Young Investigators' Workshop 2005. Mutation rate and the cost of complexity
    • Haygood, R., Proceedings of the SMBE Tri-National Young Investigators' Workshop 2005. Mutation rate and the cost of complexity. Mol Biol Evol 2006. 23: 957-963.
    • (2006) Mol Biol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 957-963
    • Haygood, R.1
  • 73
    • 45849130924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging DNA sequencing technologies for human genomic medicine
    • Strausberg, R. L., Levy, S. and Rogers, Y. H., Emerging DNA sequencing technologies for human genomic medicine. Drug Discov Today 2008. 13: 569-577.
    • (2008) Drug Discov Today , vol.13 , pp. 569-577
    • Strausberg, R.L.1    Levy, S.2    Rogers, Y.H.3
  • 74
    • 63849198290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive sequence variation and dynamics in the ribosomal DNA array of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as revealed by whole genome resequencing
    • James, S. A., O'Kelly, M. J., Carter, D. M., Davey, R. P., van Oudenaarden, A., et al. Repetitive sequence variation and dynamics in the ribosomal DNA array of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as revealed by whole genome resequencing. Genome Res 2009. 19: 626-635.
    • (2009) Genome Res , vol.19 , pp. 626-635
    • James, S.A.1    O'Kelly, M.J.2    Carter, D.M.3    Davey, R.P.4    van Oudenaarden, A.5
  • 75
    • 24044455869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors
    • Margulies, M., Egholm, M., Altman, W. E., Attiya, S., Bader, J. S., et al. Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors. Nature 2005. 437: 376-380.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 376-380
    • Margulies, M.1    Egholm, M.2    Altman, W.E.3    Attiya, S.4    Bader, J.S.5
  • 76
    • 39649084637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioinformatics challenges of new sequencing technology
    • Pop, M. and Salzberg, S. L., Bioinformatics challenges of new sequencing technology. Trends Genet 2008. 24: 142-149.
    • (2008) Trends Genet , vol.24 , pp. 142-149
    • Pop, M.1    Salzberg, S.L.2
  • 77
    • 43149107930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality scores and SNP detection in sequencing-by-synthesis systems
    • Brockman, W., Alvarez, P., Young, S., Garber, M., Giannoukos, G., et al. Quality scores and SNP detection in sequencing-by-synthesis systems. Genome Res 2008. 18: 763-770.
    • (2008) Genome Res , vol.18 , pp. 763-770
    • Brockman, W.1    Alvarez, P.2    Young, S.3    Garber, M.4    Giannoukos, G.5
  • 78
    • 59749105927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide high throughput analysis of DNA methylation in eukaryotes
    • Pomraning, K. R., Smith, K. M. and Freitag, M., Genome-wide high throughput analysis of DNA methylation in eukaryotes. Methods 2009. 47: 142-150.
    • (2009) Methods , vol.47 , pp. 142-150
    • Pomraning, K.R.1    Smith, K.M.2    Freitag, M.3
  • 79
    • 52649157765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial biases in ultra-short read data sets from high-throughput DNA sequencing
    • Dohm, J. C., Lottaz, C., Borodina, T. and Himmelbauer, H., Substantial biases in ultra-short read data sets from high-throughput DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2008. 36: e105.
    • (2008) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.36
    • Dohm, J.C.1    Lottaz, C.2    Borodina, T.3    Himmelbauer, H.4
  • 80
    • 41249096306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using quality scores and longer reads improves accuracy of Solexa read mapping
    • Smith, A. D., Xuan, Z. and Zhang, M. Q., Using quality scores and longer reads improves accuracy of Solexa read mapping. BMC Bioinf 2008. 9: 128.
    • (2008) BMC Bioinf , vol.9 , pp. 128
    • Smith, A.D.1    Xuan, Z.2    Zhang, M.Q.3
  • 81
    • 47149111640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TileQC: A system for tile-based quality control of Solexa data
    • Dolan, P. C. and Denver, D. R., TileQC: a system for tile-based quality control of Solexa data. BMC Bioinf 2008. 9: 250.
    • (2008) BMC Bioinf , vol.9 , pp. 250
    • Dolan, P.C.1    Denver, D.R.2
  • 82
    • 0028983653 scopus 로고
    • Mutation accumulation and the extinction of small populations
    • Lynch, M., Conery, J. and Burger, R., Mutation accumulation and the extinction of small populations. Am Nat 1995. 146: 489-518.
    • (1995) Am Nat , vol.146 , pp. 489-518
    • Lynch, M.1    Conery, J.2    Burger, R.3
  • 83
    • 0037224621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct estimates of human per nucleotide mutation rates at 20 loci causing Mendelian diseases
    • Kondrashov, A. S., Direct estimates of human per nucleotide mutation rates at 20 loci causing Mendelian diseases. Hum Mutat 2002. 21: 12-27.
    • (2002) Hum Mutat , vol.21 , pp. 12-27
    • Kondrashov, A.S.1
  • 84
    • 33747173377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation, selection and the future of human evolution
    • Reed, F. A. and Aquadro, C. F., Mutation, selection and the future of human evolution. Trends Genet 2006. 22: 479-484.
    • (2006) Trends Genet , vol.22 , pp. 479-484
    • Reed, F.A.1    Aquadro, C.F.2
  • 85
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
    • Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001. 409: 860-921.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
    • Lander, E.S.1    Linton, L.M.2    Birren, B.3    Nusbaum, C.4    Zody, M.C.5
  • 86
    • 1542563409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome
    • Waterston, R. H., Lindblad-Toh, K., Birney, E., Rogers, J., Abril, J. F., et al. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature 2002. 420: 520-562.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 520-562
    • Waterston, R.H.1    Lindblad-Toh, K.2    Birney, E.3    Rogers, J.4    Abril, J.F.5
  • 87
    • 4243088097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genome sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: A platform for comparative genomics
    • Stein, L. D., Bao, Z., Blasiar, D., Blumenthal, T., Brent, M. R., et al. The genome sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: a platform for comparative genomics. PLoS Biol 2003. 1: E45.
    • (2003) PLoS Biol , vol.1
    • Stein, L.D.1    Bao, Z.2    Blasiar, D.3    Blumenthal, T.4    Brent, M.R.5
  • 88
    • 0036250811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alu repeats and human genomic diversity
    • Batzer, M. A. and Deininger, P. L., Alu repeats and human genomic diversity. Nat Genet 2002. 3: 370-379.
    • (2002) Nat Genet , vol.3 , pp. 370-379
    • Batzer, M.A.1    Deininger, P.L.2
  • 89
    • 51349155028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-nucleotide mutation rate increases close to insertions/deletions in eukaryotes
    • Tian, D., Wang, Q., Zhang, P., Araki, H., Yang, S., et al. Single-nucleotide mutation rate increases close to insertions/deletions in eukaryotes. Nature 2008. 455: 105-108.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 105-108
    • Tian, D.1    Wang, Q.2    Zhang, P.3    Araki, H.4    Yang, S.5
  • 90
    • 0031797308 scopus 로고
    • The mutation rates of di-, tri- and tetranucleotide repeats in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Schug, M. D., Hutter, C. M., Wetterstrand, K. A., Gaudette, M. S., Mackay, T. F., et al. The mutation rates of di-, tri- and tetranucleotide repeats in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Biol Evol 1988. 15: 1751-1760.
    • (1988) Mol Biol Evol , vol.15 , pp. 1751-1760
    • Schug, M.D.1    Hutter, C.M.2    Wetterstrand, K.A.3    Gaudette, M.S.4    Mackay, T.F.5
  • 91
    • 0030962035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutability of homonucleotide runs in mismatch repair and DNA polymerase proofreading yeast mutants
    • Tran, H. T., Keen, J. D., Kricker, M., Resnick, M. A. and Gordenin, D. A., Hypermutability of homonucleotide runs in mismatch repair and DNA polymerase proofreading yeast mutants. Mol Cell Biol 1997. 17: 2859-2865.
    • (1997) Mol Cell Biol , vol.17 , pp. 2859-2865
    • Tran, H.T.1    Keen, J.D.2    Kricker, M.3    Resnick, M.A.4    Gordenin, D.A.5
  • 92
    • 0033782569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence composition and context effects on the generation and repair of frameshift intermediates in mononucleotide runs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Harfe, B. D. and Jinks-Robertson, S., Sequence composition and context effects on the generation and repair of frameshift intermediates in mononucleotide runs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2000. 156: 571-578.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 571-578
    • Harfe, B.D.1    Jinks-Robertson, S.2
  • 93
    • 0029983147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trinucleotide repeats and long homopeptides in genes and proteins associated with nervous system disease and development
    • Karlin, S. and Burge, C., Trinucleotide repeats and long homopeptides in genes and proteins associated with nervous system disease and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996. 93: 1560-1565.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 1560-1565
    • Karlin, S.1    Burge, C.2
  • 94
    • 33646130830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple sequence repeats as advantageous mutators in evolution
    • Kashi, Y. and King, D. G., Simple sequence repeats as advantageous mutators in evolution. Trends Genet 2006. 22: 253-259.
    • (2006) Trends Genet , vol.22 , pp. 253-259
    • Kashi, Y.1    King, D.G.2
  • 95
    • 11144230088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular origins of rapid and continuous morphological evolution
    • Fondon, J. W., III and Garner, H. R., Molecular origins of rapid and continuous morphological evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004. 101: 18058-18063.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 18058-18063
    • Fondon III, J.W.1    Garner, H.R.2
  • 96
    • 61349141884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hodgkinson, A., Ladoukakis, E. and Eyre-Walker, A., Cryptic variation in the human mutation rate. PLoS Biol 2009. 7: e1000027.
    • Hodgkinson, A., Ladoukakis, E. and Eyre-Walker, A., Cryptic variation in the human mutation rate. PLoS Biol 2009. 7: e1000027.
  • 97
    • 33947101019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes
    • Greenman, C., Stephens, P., Smith, R., Dalgliesh, G. L., Hunter, C., et al. Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature 2007. 446: 153-158.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.446 , pp. 153-158
    • Greenman, C.1    Stephens, P.2    Smith, R.3    Dalgliesh, G.L.4    Hunter, C.5
  • 98
    • 22144443475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance in cancer: Principles of emergence and prevention
    • Komarova, N. L. and Wodarz, D., Drug resistance in cancer: principles of emergence and prevention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005. 102: 9714-9719.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.102 , pp. 9714-9719
    • Komarova, N.L.1    Wodarz, D.2
  • 99
    • 50249182927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic oxidative DNA damage due to DNA repair defects causes chromosomal instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Degtyareva, N. P., Chen, L., Mieczkowski, P., Petes, T. D. and Doetsch, P. W., Chronic oxidative DNA damage due to DNA repair defects causes chromosomal instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 2008. 28: 5432-5445.
    • (2008) Mol Cell Biol , vol.28 , pp. 5432-5445
    • Degtyareva, N.P.1    Chen, L.2    Mieczkowski, P.3    Petes, T.D.4    Doetsch, P.W.5
  • 100
    • 0036961512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate and character of spontaneous mutation in an RNA virus
    • Malpica, J. M., Fraile, A., Moreno, I., Obies, C. I., Drake, J. W., et al. The rate and character of spontaneous mutation in an RNA virus. Genetics 2002. 162: 1505-1511.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.162 , pp. 1505-1511
    • Malpica, J.M.1    Fraile, A.2    Moreno, I.3    Obies, C.I.4    Drake, J.W.5
  • 103
    • 35148834805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation as a stress response and the regulation of evolvability
    • Galhardo, R. S., Hastings, P. J. and Rosenberg, S. M., Mutation as a stress response and the regulation of evolvability. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2007. 42: 399-435.
    • (2007) Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol , vol.42 , pp. 399-435
    • Galhardo, R.S.1    Hastings, P.J.2    Rosenberg, S.M.3
  • 104
    • 0033608998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutation in derepressed operons of Escherichia coli K12
    • Wright, B. E., Longacre, A. and Reimers, J. M., Hypermutation in derepressed operons of Escherichia coli K12. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999. 96: 5089-5094.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 5089-5094
    • Wright, B.E.1    Longacre, A.2    Reimers, J.M.3
  • 105
    • 24944477416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A switch from high-fidelity to error-prone DNA double-strand break repair underlies stress-induced mutation
    • Ponder, R. G., Fonville, N. C. and Rosenberg, S. M., A switch from high-fidelity to error-prone DNA double-strand break repair underlies stress-induced mutation. Mol Cell 2005. 19: 791-804.
    • (2005) Mol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 791-804
    • Ponder, R.G.1    Fonville, N.C.2    Rosenberg, S.M.3
  • 106
    • 0030924613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide hypermutation in a subpopulation of stationary-phase cells underlies recombination-dependent adaptive mutation
    • Torkelson, J., Harris, R. S., Lombardo, M. J., Nagendran, J., Thulin, C. and Rosenberg, S. M., Genome-wide hypermutation in a subpopulation of stationary-phase cells underlies recombination-dependent adaptive mutation. EMBO J 1997. 16: 3303-3311.
    • (1997) EMBO J , vol.16 , pp. 3303-3311
    • Torkelson, J.1    Harris, R.S.2    Lombardo, M.J.3    Nagendran, J.4    Thulin, C.5    Rosenberg, S.M.6
  • 107
    • 0037543988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-homologous end joining as an important mutagenic process in cell cycle-arrested cells
    • Heidenreich, E., Novotny, R., Kneidinger, B., Holzmann, V. and Wintersberger, U., Non-homologous end joining as an important mutagenic process in cell cycle-arrested cells. EMBO J 2003. 22: 2274-2283.
    • (2003) EMBO J , vol.22 , pp. 2274-2283
    • Heidenreich, E.1    Novotny, R.2    Kneidinger, B.3    Holzmann, V.4    Wintersberger, U.5
  • 108
    • 0029024834 scopus 로고
    • DNA synthesis errors associated with double-strand-break repair
    • Strathern, J. N., Shafer, B. K. and McGill, C. B., DNA synthesis errors associated with double-strand-break repair. Genetics 1995. 140: 965-972.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.140 , pp. 965-972
    • Strathern, J.N.1    Shafer, B.K.2    McGill, C.B.3
  • 109
    • 0017661155 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations controlling viability in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Homozygous effect of polygenic mutations
    • Ohnishi, O., Spontaneous and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations controlling viability in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Homozygous effect of polygenic mutations. Genetics 1977. 87: 529-545.
    • (1977) Genetics , vol.87 , pp. 529-545
    • Ohnishi, O.1
  • 110
    • 0030976617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic mutation rates for lifetime reproductive output and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • Keightley, P. D. and Caballero, A., Genomic mutation rates for lifetime reproductive output and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997. 94: 3823-3827.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 3823-3827
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Caballero, A.2
  • 111
    • 0027200764 scopus 로고
    • A molecular approach to estimating the human deleterious mutation rate
    • Kondrashov, A. S. and Crow, J. F., A molecular approach to estimating the human deleterious mutation rate. Hum Mutat 1993. 2: 229-234.
    • (1993) Hum Mutat , vol.2 , pp. 229-234
    • Kondrashov, A.S.1    Crow, J.F.2
  • 112
    • 0033828761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimate of the mutation rate per nucleotide in humans
    • Nachman, M. W. and Crowell, S. L., Estimate of the mutation rate per nucleotide in humans. Genetics 2000. 156: 297-304.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 297-304
    • Nachman, M.W.1    Crowell, S.L.2
  • 113
    • 0033611501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High genomic deleterious mutation rates in hominids
    • Eyre-Walker, A. and Keightley, P. D., High genomic deleterious mutation rates in hominids. Nature 1999. 397: 344-347.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.397 , pp. 344-347
    • Eyre-Walker, A.1    Keightley, P.D.2
  • 114
    • 33751374466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic selective constraints in murid noncoding DNA
    • Gaffney, D. J. and Keightley, P. D., Genomic selective constraints in murid noncoding DNA. PLoS Genet 2006. 2: e204.
    • (2006) PLoS Genet , vol.2
    • Gaffney, D.J.1    Keightley, P.D.2
  • 115
    • 0029826571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous mutations recovered as mosaics in the mouse specific-locus test
    • Russell, L. B. and Russell, W. L., Spontaneous mutations recovered as mosaics in the mouse specific-locus test. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996. 93: 13072-13077.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 13072-13077
    • Russell, L.B.1    Russell, W.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.