Bacterial stressors in minimally processed food

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 3076-3105

  Capozzi, Vittorio ^a   Fiocco, Daniela ^a   Amodio, Maria Luisa ^a   Gallone, Anna ^a   Spano, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FOGGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Fresh cut; Pathogens; Stress; Stressors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIOCIN; BIOLOGICAL FACTOR;

ACIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BACTERIAL CELL; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIOPHAGE; CELL PROTECTION; COLD STRESS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FOOD PRESERVATION; FOOD PROCESSING; HEAT STRESS; HYPERBARISM; IRRADIATION; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; MICROFLORA; NONHUMAN; OSMOTIC STRESS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; REVIEW; SALMONELLA; STARVATION; STRESS;

FRESH CUT; PATHOGENS; STRESS; STRESSORS;

BACTERIA; FOOD HANDLING; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL; VEGETABLES;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 68949098194     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms10073076     Document Type: Review

References (212)

1. Brackett, R.E. Microbiological spoilage and pathogens in minimally processed refrigerated fruits and vegetables. In Minimally processed refrigerated fruits and vegetables. Wiley, R.C., Ed.; Chapman and Hall: New York, NY, USA, 1994; pp. 269-312.
2. Barry-Ryan, C.; Pacussi, J.M.; O'Beirne, D. Quality of shredded carrots as affected by packaging film and storage temperature. J. Food Sci. 2000, 65, 726-730. (Pubitemid 30610548)
3. Beuchat, L.R. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with fresh produce. J. Food Prot. 1996, 59, 204-216. (Pubitemid 3040988)
4. Parish, M.E.; Beuchat, L.R.; Suslow, T.V.; Harris, L.J.; Garrett, E.H.; Farber, J.N.; Busta, F.F. Methods to reduce/eliminate pathogens from fresh cut produce. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety 2003, 2, 16-173.
5. FDA, US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for Industry. Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards of Fresh-cut Fruits and Vegetables. Guidance Contains Nonbinding Recommendations. Available online: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/∼dms/prodgui4.html#appe, Last updates: February 2008, accessed February 29, 2008.
6. Ohlsson, T. Minimal processing technologies in the food industry. Ohlsson, T., Bengtsson, N., Eds.; Woodhead Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2002.
7. Leistner, L.; Gould, G.W. Hurdle Technologies: Combination Treatment for Food Stability, Safety and Quality. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York, NY, USA, 2002.
8. Thomas, L.V.; Wimpenny, J.W.T. Investigation of the effect of combined variations in temperature, pH and NaCl concentrations on nisin inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996, 62, 2006-2012. (Pubitemid 26168994)
9. McMeekin, T.A.; Presser, K.; Ratkowsky, D.; Ross, T.; Salter, M.; Tienungoon, S. Quantifying the hurdle concept by modelling the bacterial growth/no growth interface. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2000, 55, 93-98. (Pubitemid 30160811)
10. Leistner, L. Basic aspects of food preservation by hurdle technology. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2000, 55, 181-186. (Pubitemid 30160828)
11. Jones, K.; Heaton, J. Microbial contamination of fruit and vegetables: evidence and issues. Microbiol. 2006, 7, 28-31.
12. Beneduce, L.; Spano, G.; Massa S. Escherichia coli O157:H7 general characteristics, isolation and identification techniques. Annal. Microbiol. 2003, 53, 511-527. (Pubitemid 38074992)
13. Delaquis, P.; Bach, S.; Dinu, L.D. Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in leafy vegetables. J. Food Prot. 2007, 70, 1966-1974. (Pubitemid 47237423)
14. Harris, L.J.; Farber, J.N.; Beuchat, L.R.; Parish, M.E.; Suslow, T.V.; Garrett, E.H.; Busta, F.F. Outbreaks associated with fresh produce: incidence, growth and survival of pathogens in fresh and fresh-cut produce. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety 2003, 2, 78-141.
15. Maki, D. Don't eat the spinach - controlling foodborne infectious disease. New Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355, 1952-1955. (Pubitemid 44708013)
16. California Food Emergency Response Team 2007. Investigation of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with dole pre-packaged spinach. California Department of Health Services: Scaramento, CA, USA; US Food and Drug Admin: Washington, D.C., USA, Final March, 2007; Available online: http://www.marlerclark.com/2006-Spinach-Report-Final-01.pdf/.
17. Thurston-Enriquez, J.; Watt, P.; Dowd, S.E.; Enriquez, R.; Pepper, I.L.; Gerbe, C.P. Detection of protozoan parasites and microsporidia in irrigation waters for crop production. J. Food Prot. 2002, 65, 378-382.
18. Iwamoto, M. Taco Bell and Taco Johns Escherichia coli in lettuce outbreaks 2006. CDC Outbreak Response and Surveillance Team Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch. In Proceedings of the International Association of Food Protection's 94th Annual Meeting (IAFP 2007), Disney's Contemporary Resort, Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, July 8-11, 2007.
19. Bell, C.; Kyriakides, A. Background, Listeria a practical approach to the organism and its control in foods. Bell, C., Kyriakides A., Ed.; Chapman and Hall: London, UK, 1998; pp.3-29.
20. MacGowan, A.P.; Bowker, K.; McLauchlin, J.; Bennett, P.M.; Reeves, D.S. The occurrence and seasonal changes in the isolation of Listeria spp. in shop bought food stuffs, human faeces, sewage and soil from urban sources. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1994, 21, 325-334.
21. Ukuku, D.O.; Fett, W. 2002, Behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on cantaloupe surfaces and efficacy of washing treatments to reduce transfer from rind to fresh-cut pieces. J. Food Prot. 2002, 65, 924-930. (Pubitemid 34609253)
22. Ho, J.L.; Shands, K.N.; Freidland, G.; Eckind, P.; Fraser, D.W. An outbreak of type 4b Listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight Boston hospitals. Arch. Internal. Med. 1986, 146, 520-524.
23. Schlech, W.F.; Lavigne, P.M.; Bortolussi, R.A.; Allen, A.C.; Haldane, E.V.; Wort, A.J.; Hightower, A.W.; Johnson, S.E.; King, S.H.; Nicholls, E.S.; Broome, C.V. Epidemic listeriosisevidence for transmission by food. New Eng. J. Med. 1983, 308, 203-206.
24. Austin, J.W.; Dodds, K.L.; Blanchfield, B.; Farber, J.M. Growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum on inoculated fresh-cut packaged vegetables. J. Food Prot. 1998, 61, 324-328. (Pubitemid 28190258)
25. Jacxsens, L.; Devlieghere, F.; Falcato, P.; Debevere, J. Behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas spp. on fresh-cut produce packaged under equilibrium-modified atmosphere. J. Food Prot. 1999, 62, 1128-1135. (Pubitemid 29478338)
26. Bolin, H.R.; Stafford, A.E.; King, A.D. Jr.; Huxsoll, C.C. Factors affecting the storage stability of shredded lettuce. J. Food Sci. 1977, 42, 1319-1321.
27. Beuchat, L.R. Surface disinfection of raw produce. Dairy, Food Environ. Sanitat. 1992, 12, 6-9.
28. Nguyen-the, C.; Carlin, F. The microbiology of minimally processed fresh fruits and vegetables. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 1994, 34, 371-401. (Pubitemid 2134580)
29. Izumi, H. Electrolyzed water as a disinfectant for fresh-cut vegetables. J. Food Sci. 1999, 64, 536-539. (Pubitemid 29321620)
30. Beuchat, L.R.; Ryu, J-H. Produce handling and processing practices. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1997, 3, 459-465.
31. Adams, M.R.; Hartley, A.D.; Cox, L.J. Factors affecting the efficacy of washing procedures used in the production of prepared salads. Food Microbiol. 1989, 6, 69-77.
32. Park, C.-M.; Hung, Y.-C.; Doyle, M.P.; Ezeike, G.O.I.; Kim, C. Pathogen reduction and quality of lettuce treated with electrolysed oxidizing and acidified chlorinated water. J. Food Sci. 2001, 66, 1368-1372. (Pubitemid 34010134)
33. Park, C.-M.; Beuchat, L.R. Evaluation of sanitizers for killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and naturally occurring microorganisms on cantaloupes, honeydew melons and asparagus. Dairy, Food Environ. Sanit. 1999, 19, 842-847.
34. Zhang, S.; Farber, J.M. The effects of various disinfectants against Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut vegetables. Food Microbiol. 1996, 13, 311-321.
35. Sapers, G.M.; Simmons, G.F. Hydrogen peroxide disinfection of minimally processed fruits and vegetables. Food Technol. 1998, 52, 48-52.
36. Karapinar, M.; Gonul, S.A. Effects of sodium bicarbonate, vinegar, acetic and citric acids on growth and survival of Yersinia enterocolitica. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1992, 16, 343-347.
37. Burrows, J. P.; Weber, M.; Buchwitz, M.; Rozanov, V.; Ladsttter-Weienmayer, A.; Richter, A.; de Beek, R.; Hoogen, R.; Bramstedt, K.; Eichmann, K.-U.; Eisinger, M.; Perner, D. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME): Mission Concept and First Scientific Results. J. Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56, 151-175. (Pubitemid 128594917)
38. Beuchat, L.R. Survival of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine feces applied to lettuce and the effectiveness of chlorinated water as a disinfectant. J. Food Prot. 1999, 62, 845-849.
39. Aureli, P.; Costantini, A.; Zolea, S. Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes. J. Food Prot. 1992, 55, 344-348.
40. Skandamis, P.N.; Nychas, G.J.E. Effect of oregano essential oil on microbiological and physicalchemical attributes of minced meat stored in air and modified atmosphere. J. App. Microbiol. 2001, 91, 1011-1022.
41. Singh, N.; Singh, R.K.; Bhunia, A.K.; Stroshine, R.L. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide, ozone and thyme essential oil or a sequential washing in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on lettuce and baby carrots. Lebensm. Wiss. U. Technol. 2002, 35, 720-729.
42. James, S.J. Novel physical methods for decontamination of produce. In Proceedings of IAFP's Third European Symposium on Food Safety: Advancements in Food Safety, Rome, Italy, October 18-19, 2007.
43. Francis, G.A.; Thomas, C.; O'Beirne, D. Review paper: The microbiological safety of minimally processed vegetables. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 1999, 34, 1-22. (Pubitemid 129330902)
44. Price, R.J.; Lee, J.S. Inhibition of Pseudomonas species by hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli. J. Milk Food Technol. 1970, 33, 13-18.
45. Arihara, K.; Cassens, R.G.; Luchansky, J.B. Characterization of bacteriocins from Enterococcus faecium with activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1993, 19, 123-134. (Pubitemid 23258090)
46. Gahan, C.G.M.; O'Driscoll, B.; Hill, C. Acid adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes can enhance survival in acidic foods and during milk fermentation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996, 62, 3128-3132. (Pubitemid 26304090)
47. Leyer, G.L.; Johnson, E.A. Acid adaptation promotes survival of Salmonella spp. in cheese. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992, 58, 2075-2080.
48. Artés, F.; Allende, A. Processing lines and alternative preservation techniques to prolong the shelf-life of minimally fresh processed leafy vegetables. Eur. J. Hortic. Sci. 2005, 70, 231-245. (Pubitemid 41625802)
49. Hodges, D.M., Toivonen, P.M.A. Quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables as affected by exposure to abiotic stress. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2008, 48, 155-162.
50. Aguayo, E.; Escalona, V.; Artés, F. Quality of fresh-cut tomato as affected by type of cut, packaging, temperature and storage time. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2004, 219, 492-499. (Pubitemid 39607469)
51. Phadtare, S. Recent Developments in Bacterial Cold-Shock Response. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2004, 6, 125-136. (Pubitemid 38528989)
52. El-Sharoud, W.M.; Graumann, P.L. Cold shock proteins aid coupling of transcription and translation in bacteria. Sci. Prog. 2007, 90, 15-27.
53. Wang, N.; Yamanaka, K.; Inouye, M. CspI, the ninth member of the CspA family of Escherichia coli is induced upon cold shock. J. Bacteriol. 1999, 181, 1603-1609.
54. Bae, W.; Xia, B.; Inouye, M.; Severinov, K. Escherichia coli CspA-family RNA chaperones are transcription antiterminators. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97, 7784-7789. (Pubitemid 30460725)
55. Phadtare, S.; Tyagi, S.; Inouye, M.; Severinov, K. Three amino acids in Escherichia coli CspE surface-exposed aromatic patch are critical for nucleic acid melting activity leading to transcription antitermination and cold acclimation of cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 46706-46711. (Pubitemid 35417672)
56. Graumann, P.; Wendrich, T.M.; Weber M.H.W.; Schröder, K.; Marahiel, M.A. A family of cold shock proteins in Bacillus subtilis is essential for cellular growth and for efficient protein synthesis at optimal and low temperature. Mol Microbiol 1997, 25, 741-756. (Pubitemid 27394571)
57. Graumann, P.; Marahiel M. A. Cold shock proteins CspB and CspC are major stationary-phaseinduced proteins in B. subtilis. Arch. Microbiol. 1999, 171, 135-138. (Pubitemid 29142906)
58. Martín-Diana, A.; Rico, D.; Barry-Ryan, C.; Frías, J.; Henehan, G.; Barat, J. Efficacy of steamer jet-injection as alternative to chlorine in fresh-cut lettuce. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2007, 45, 97-107. (Pubitemid 46711240)
59. Kim, Y.; Lounds-Singleton, A.J.; Talcott, S.T. Antioxidant phytochemical and quality changes associated with hot water immersion treatment of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Food Chem. 2009, 115, 989-993.
60. Steiner, A.; Abreu, M.; Correia, L.; Beirão-da-Costa, S.; Leitão, E.; Beirão-da-Costa, M.L.; Empis, J.; Moldão-Martins, M. Metabolic response to combined mild heat pre-treatments and modified atmosphere packaging on fresh-cut peach. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2006, 222, 217-222. (Pubitemid 43214109)
61. Fallik, E. Prestorage hot water treatments (immersion, rinsing and brushing). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2004, 32, 125-134. (Pubitemid 38531880)
62. Ray, B. Methods to Detect Stressed Microorganisms. J. Food Prot. 1979, 42, 346-355.
63. Mackey, B.M.; Miles, C.A.; Parsons, S.E.; Seymour, D.A. Thermal denaturation of whole cells and cell components of Escherishia coli examined by differential scanning calorimetry. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1991, 137, 2361-2374.
64. Rowbury, R.J. Basis of Stress Adaptation, with Particular Reference to the Subversion of Stress Adaptation, and to the Invovement of Extracellular Components in Adaptation. In Microbial Stress Adaptation and Food Safety; Yousef, A.E., Juneja, V.K., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2002; Chapter 8.
65. Bardwell, J.C.A.; Craig, E.A. Major heat shock gene of Drosophila and the Escherichia coli heat inducible dnaK gene are homologous. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1984, 81, 848-852.
66. Yura, T.; Kanemori, M.; Morita, M.T. The heat shock response: regulation and function. In Bacterial Stress Responses; Stortz, G., Hengge-Aronis, R., Eds.; ASM Press: Washington, D.C., USA, 2000; pp. 3-18.
67. Mackey B.M.; Derrick C. Heat shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1990, 69, 373-383. (Pubitemid 20329548)
68. Mendoza, J.A.; Wilson, M.; Joves, F.; Ackermann, E. Thermostabilization of enzymes by the chaperonin GroEL. Biotechnol. Tech. 1996, 10, 535-540.
69. Uyttendaele, M.; Neyts, K.; Vanderswalmen, H.; Notebaert, E.; Debevere, J. Control of Aeromonas on minimally processed vegetables by decontamination with lactic acid, chlorinated water, or thyme essential oil solution Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 90, 263-271. (Pubitemid 38147470)
70. Soliva-Fortuny, R.C.; Martìn-Belloso, O. New advances in extending the shelflife of fresh-cut fruits: a review. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 2003, 14, 341-353. (Pubitemid 37089854)
71. Alandes, L.; Hernando, I.; Quiles, A.; Perez-Munuera, I.; Lluch, M.A. Cell wall stability of freshcut Fuji apples treated with calcium lactate J. Food Sci. 2006, 71, 615-620.
72. Pieterse, B.; Leer, R.J.; Schuren, F.H.J.; van der Werf, M.J. Unravelling the multiple effects of lactic acid stress on Lactobacillus plantarum by transcription profiling. Microbiol 2005, 151, 3881-3894.
73. Hartke, A.; Bouche, S.; Giard, J.-C.; Benachour, A.; Boutibonnes, P.; Auffray, Y. The lactic acid stress response of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Curr. Microbiol. 1996, 33, 194-199. (Pubitemid 26272376)
74. Polen, T.; Rittmann, D.; Wendisch, V.F.; Sahm, H. DNA Microarray analyses of the long-term adaptive response of Escherichia coli to acetate and propionate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69, 1759-1774. (Pubitemid 36314319)
75. Kirkpatrick, C.; Maurer, L.M.; Oyelakin, N.E.; Yoncheva, Y.N.; Maurer, R.; Slonczewski, J.L. Acetate and formate stress, opposite responses in the proteome of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 6466-6477.
76. Cotter, P.D.; Hill, C. Surviving the acid test, responses of Gram-positive bacteria to low pH. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2003, 67, 429-453. (Pubitemid 37122528)
77. Cotter, P.D.; Gahan, C.G.; Hill, C. A glutamate decarboxylase system protects Listeria monocytogenes in gastric fluid. Mol. Microbiol .2001, 40, 465-475. (Pubitemid 32391640)
78. Azcarate-Peril, M.A.; Altermann, E.; Hoover-Fitzula, R.L.; Cano, R.J.; Klaenhammer, T.R. Identification and inactivation of genetic loci involved with Lactobacillus acidophilus acid tolerance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2004, 70, 5315-5322.
79. Axe, D.D.; Bailey, J.E. Transport of lactate and acetate through the energized cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1995, 47, 8-19.
80. Shelef, L.A. Antimicrobial effects of lactates, a review. J. Food Prot. 1994, 57, 445-450.
81. Diez-Gonzalez, F.; Russell, J.B. The effects of carbonylcyanide-m- chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and acetate on Escherichia coli O157, H7 and K-12, uncoupling versus anion accumulation. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1997, 151, 71-76.
82. Russell, J.B.; Diez-Gonzalez, F. The effects of fermentation acids on bacterial growth. Adv. Microbial. Physiol. 1998, 39, 205-234. (Pubitemid 29077884)
83. Lemos, J.A.; Chen, Y.Y.; Burne, R.A. (2001) Genetic and physiologic analysis of the groE operon and role of the HrcA repressor in stress gene regulation and acid tolerance in Streptococcus mutans. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 6074-6084.
84. Mcdonnell, G., Denver, R.A. Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1999, 12, 147-179.
85. Hallsworth, J.E. Ethanol-Induced Water Stress in Yeast. J. Ferment. Bioeng. 1998, 85, 125-137.
86. Plotto, A.; Baib, J.; Narciso, J.A.; Brecht, J.K.; Baldwin E.A. Ethanol vapor prior to processing extends fresh-cut mango storage by decreasing spoilage, but does not always delay ripening. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2006, 39, 134-145.
87. Bai, J.; Baldwin, E.A.; Soliva Fortuny, R.C.; Mattheis, J.P.; Stanley, R.; Perera, C.; Brecht, J.K. Effect of pretreatment of intact 'Gala' apple with ethanol vapor, heat, or 1 methylcyclopropene on quality and shelf life of fresh-cut slices. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 2004, 129, 583-593.
88. Xie, F. Disinfection byproducts in drinking water: form, analysis and control. In Technology & Industrial Arts; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2003; p. 176.
89. Khadre, M.A.; Yousef, A.E. Sporicidal action of ozone and hydrogen peroxide: a comparative study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2001, 71, 131-138.
90. Ongeng, D.; Devlieghere, F.; Devevere, J.; Coosemans, J.; Ryckeboer, J. The efficacy of electrolysed oxidising water for inactivating spoilage microorganisms in process water on minimally processed vegetables. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2006, 109, 187-197. (Pubitemid 43795007)
91. Guzel-Seydim, Z.; Bever, P.I.; Greene, A. Efficacy of ozone to reduce bacterial populations in the presence of food components. Food Microbiol. 2004, 21, 475-479. (Pubitemid 38448371)
92. Parish, M.; Beuchat, L.; Suslow, T.; Harris, L.; Garret, E.; Farber, J.; Busta, F. Methods to reduce or eliminate pathogens from fresh and fresh-cut produce. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety 2003, 2, 161-173.
93. Storz, G.; Imlay, J.A. Oxidative stress. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 1999, 2, 188-194.
94. Thybert, D.; Avner, S.; Lucchetti-Miganeh, C.; Chéron, A.; Barloy-Hubler F. OxyGene: an innovative platform for investigating oxidative-response genes in whole prokaryotic genomes. BMC Genomics. 2008, 9, 637.
95. Cabiscol, E.; Tamarit, J.; Ros, J. Oxidative stress in bacteria and protein damage by reactive oxygen species. Int. Microbiol. 2000, 3, 3-8. (Pubitemid 30688101)
96. Poole, L.B.; Karplus, P.A.; Claiborne, A. Protein sulfenic acids in redox signaling. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2004, 44, 325-347. (Pubitemid 38263844)
97. Aydogan, B.; Marshall, D.T.; Swarts, S.G.; Turner, J.E.; Boone, A.J.; Richards, N.G.; Bolch W.E. Site-specific OH attack to the sugar moiety of DNA: a comparison of experimental data and computational simulation. Radiat. Res. 2002, 157, 38-44.
98. Rivett, AJ. Regulation of intracellular protein turnover: covalent modification as a mechanism of marking proteins for degradation. Curr. Top. Cell. Regul. 1986, 28, 291-337.
99. Ritz, D.; Patel, H.; Doan, B.; Zheng, M.; Aslund, F.; Storz, G.; Beckwith, J. Thioredoxin 2 is involved in the oxidative stress response in Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 2505-2512. (Pubitemid 30082013)
100. Smulevich, G.; Jakopitsch, C.; Droghetti, E.; Obinger, C. Probing the structure and bifunctionality of catalase-peroxidase (KatG). J. Inorg. Biochem. 2006, 100, 568-585.
101. Jonsson, T.J.; Lowther W.T. The peroxiredoxin repair proteins. Subcell. Biochem. 2007, 44, 115-141.
102. Putz, S.; Gelius-Dietrich, G.; Piotrowski, M.; Henze, K. Rubrerythrin and peroxiredoxin: two novel putative peroxidases in the hydrogenosomes of the microaerophilic protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2005, 142, 212-223.
103. Smith, J.; Shrift, A. Phylogenetic distribution of glutathione peroxidase. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 1979, 63, 39-44.
104. van Pee, K.H. Bacterial haloperoxidases and their role in secondary metabolism. Biotechnol. Adv. 1990, 8, 185-205.
105. Wuerges, J.; Lee, J.W.; Yim, Y.I.; Yim, H.S.; Kang, S.O.; Djinovic Carugo, K. Crystal structure of nickel-containing superoxide dismutase reveals another type of active site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 8569-8574.
106. Lombard, M.; Touati, D.; Fontecave, M.; Niviere, V. Superoxide reductase as a unique defense system against superoxide stress in the microaerophile Treponema pallidum. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 27021-27026. (Pubitemid 30688052)
107. Heylen, K.; Vanparys, B.; Gevers, D.; Wittebolle, L.; Boon, N.; De Vos, P. Nitric oxide reductase (norB) gene sequence analysis reveals discrepancies with nitrite reductase (nir) gene phylogeny in cultivated denitrifiers. Environ. Microbiol. 2007, 9, 1072-1077. (Pubitemid 46397077)
108. Abee, T.; Wouters, J.A. Microbial stress response in minimal processing. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 1999, 50, 65-91.
109. Wood, J.M.; Bremer, E.; Csonka, L.N.; Kraemer, R.; Poolman, B.; van der Heide, T.; Smith, L.T. Osmosensing and osmoregulatory compatible solute accumulation by bacteria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 2001, 130, 437-460.
110. Csonka, L.N. Physiological and Genetic Responses of Bacteria to Osmotic-Stress. Microbiol. Rev. 1989, 53, 121-147.
111. Corry, J.E.L. The Water Relations and Heat Resistance of Micro-organisms. Prog. Ind. Microbiol. 1972, 12, 73-108.
112. Poolman, B.; Spitzer, J.J.; Wood, J.M. Bacterial osmosensing: roles of membrane structure and electrostatics in lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004, 1666, 88-104.
113. Poolman, B.; Blount, P.; Folgering, J.H.A.; Friesen, R.H.E., Moe, P.C.; van der Heide, T. How do membrane proteins sense water stress. Mol. Microbiol. 2002, 44, 889-902.
114. + and glutamate accumulation during osmotic adaptation of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269, 1911-1917.
115. Samelis, J.; Sofos, J.N. Chapter 9: Strategies to Control Stress-Adapted Pathogens. In Microbial Stress Adaptation and Food Safety; Yousef, A.E., Juneja, V.K., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2002.
116. Canovas, D.; Fletcher, S.A.; Hayashi, M.; Csonka, L.N. Role of Trehalose in Growth at High Temperature of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium .J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 3365-3371. (Pubitemid 32448600)
117. González-Aguilar, G.A.; Ruiz-Cruz, S.; Cruz-Valenzuela, R.; Ayala-Zavala, J.F.; de la Rosa, L.A.; Alvarez-Parrilla, E.; Gutiérrez- López, G.F. New Technologies to Preserve Quality of Fresh- Cut Produce. In Food Engineering: Integrated Approaches; Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V., Welti- Chanes, J., Parada-Arias, E., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2008.
118. Lado, B.; Yousef, A. Alternative food-preservation technologies: efficacy and mechanisms. Microbes Infect. 2002, 4, 433-440. (Pubitemid 34270680)
119. Bintsis, T.; Litopoulou-Tzanetaki, E.; Robinson, R.. Existing and potential applications of ultraviolet light in the food industry-a critical review. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2000, 80, 637-645.
120. Gómez-López, V.; Devlieghere, F.; Bonduellea, V.; Debevere, J.. Intense light pulses decontamination of minimally processed vegetables and their shelf-life. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2005, 103, 79-89. (Pubitemid 41111368)
121. Takeshita, K.; Shibato, J.; Sameshima, T.; Fukunaga, S.; Isobe, S.; Arihara, K.; Itoh, M. Damage of yeast cells induced by pulsed light irradiation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2003, 85, 151-158. (Pubitemid 37329375)
122. Kiyosawa, K.; Tanaka, M.; Matsunaga, T.; Nikaido, O.; Yamamoto, K. Amplified UvrA protein can ameliorate the ultraviolet sensitivity of an Escherichia coli recA mutant. Mutat. Rese. 2001, 487, 149-156. (Pubitemid 34001697)
123. Lopez-Malo, A.; Palou, E.; Barboza-Canovas, G.V.; Swanson, B.G.; Welit-Chanes, J. Minimally processed foods with high hydrostatic pressure. In Trends in Food Engineering; Lozano, J.E., Ed.; Technomic Pub. Co.: Lancaster, PA, USA, 2000; pp. 267-286.
124. Ikeda, F.; Baba, T.; Como, G.; Ohtsubo, T.; Lizada, M.C.C. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on postharvest physiology in fruit. Acta. Hortic. 2000, 518, 101-106.
125. Dede, S.; Alps, H.; Bayindirli, A.. High hydrostatic pressure treatment and storage of carrot and tomato juices: antioxidant activity and microbial safety. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2007, 87, 773-782. (Pubitemid 46570309)
126. Yanga, D.S.; Balandrán-Quintanab, R.R.; Ruizc, C.F.; Toledoc, R.T.; Kaysa, S.J. Effect of hyperbaric, controlled atmosphere, and UV treatments on peach volatiles. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2009, 51, 334-341.
127. Pradillon, F.; Gaill, F. Pressure and life: some biological strategies. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2007, 6, 181-195.
128. Balny, C.; Masson, P.; Heremans, K. High pressure effects on biological macromolecules: from structural changes to alteration of cellular processes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2002, 1595, 3-10. (Pubitemid 34442632)
129. Balny, C.; Mozhaev, V.V.; Lange, R. Hydrostatic pressure and proteins: Basic concepts and new data. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1997, 116, 299-304. (Pubitemid 27204484)
130. Malone, A.S.; Chung, Y.-K.; Yousef A.E. Genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that are involved in high-pressure resistance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2006, 72, 2661-2671.
131. Rico, D.; Martin-Diana, A.B.; Barat, J.M.; Barry-Ryan, C.. Extending and measuring the quality of fresh-cut fruit and vegetables: a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2007, 18, 373-386.
132. Novak, J.S.; Sapers, G.M.; Juneja, V.K. Microbial Safety of Minimally Processed Foods; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2003.
133. Matthews, K.R. Microbiology of Fresh Produce; ASM Press: Washington, D.C., USA, 2006.
134. Dixon, N.M.; Kell, D.B., The inhibition by CO2 of the growth and metabolism of microorganisms: a review. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1989, 67, 109-136.
135. Hudson, J.A.; Mott, S.J.; Penney, N. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia enterocolitica on vacuum and saturated carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere packaged sliced roast beef. J. Food Prot. 1994, 57, 204-208. (Pubitemid 2065969)
136. Marino, M.; Bersani, C.; Comi, G. Impedance measurement to study antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lamiaceae and Compositae. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2001, 67, 187-195. (Pubitemid 32722144)
137. Burt, S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods - a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 94, 223-253. (Pubitemid 38891349)
138. Lanciotti, R.; Gianotti, A.; Patrignani, F.; Belletti, N.; Guerzoni, M.E.; Gardini, F. Use of natural aroma compounds to improve shelflife and safety of minimally processed fruits. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2004, 15, 201-208. (Pubitemid 38300192)
139. Gutierrez, J.; Rodriguez, G.; Barry-Ryan, C.; Bourke, P. Efficacy of plant essential oils against food-borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria associated with ready to eat vegetables: antimicrobial and sensory screening. J. Food Prot. 2008, 71, 1846-1854.
140. Gutierrez J.; Barry-Ryan, C.; Bourke, P. Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils using food model media: Efficacy, synergistic potential and interactions with food components. Food Microbiol. 2009, 26, 142-150.
141. Campaniello, D.; Bevilacqua, A.; Sinigaglia, M.; Corbo M.R. Chitosan: Antimicrobial activity and potential applications for preservino minimally processed strawberries. Food Microbiol. 2009, 25, 992-1000.
142. Chien, P.J.; Sheu, F.; Lin, H.R. Coating citrus (Murcott tangor) fruit with low molecular weight chitosan increases postharvest quality and shelf life. Food Chem. 2007, 100, 1160-1164.
143. Martin-Diana, A.B.; Rico, D.; Frias, J.; Mulcahy, J.; Henehan, G.T.M.; Barry-Ryan, C. Whey permeate as a bio-preservative for shelf life maintenance of fresh-cut vegetables. Inn. Food Sci. Emerg. Tech. 2006, 7, 112-123.
144. Cai, Y.; Ng, L.K.; Farber, J.M. Isolation and characterization of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from bean-sprouts. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1997, 83, 499-507. (Pubitemid 27438786)
145. Vescovo, M.; Torriani, S.; Orsi, C.; Macchiarolo, F.; Scolari, G. Application of antimicrobialproducing lactic acid bacteria to control pathogens in ready-to-use vegetables. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 1996, 81, 113-119. (Pubitemid 26337034)
146. Liao, C-H.; Sapers, G.M. Influence of soft rot bacteria on growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices. J. Food Prot. 1999, 62, 343-348.
147. Allende, A.; Martinez, B.; Selma, V.; Gil, M.I.; Suarez, J.E.; Rodriguez, A. Growth and bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria in vegetable broth and their effectiveness at reducing Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in fresh-cut lettuce. Food Microbiol. 2007, 24, 759-766.
148. Carlin, F.; Nguyen-the, C.; Morris, C.E. The influence of the background microflora on the fate of Listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed fresh broad leaved endive (Cichorium endivia var. latifolia). J. Food Prot. 1996, 59, 698-703.
149. Francis, G.A.; O'Beirne, D. Effects of storage atmosphere on Listeria monocytogenes and competing microflora using a surface model system. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 1998, 33, 465-476. (Pubitemid 128395941)
150. Duffy, G.; Whiting, R.C.; Sheridan, J.J. The effects of a competitive microflora, pH and temperature on the growth kenetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Microbiol. 1999, 16, 299-307.
151. Liao, C-H.; Cooke, P.H. Response to trisodium phosphate treatment of Salmonella Chester attached to fresh-cut green pepper slices. Can. J. Microbiol. 2001, 47, 25-32.
152. Galvez, A.; Lopez, R.L.; Abriouel, H.; Valdivia, E.; Omar, N.B. Application of bacteriocins in the control of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2008, 28, 125-152.
153. Bennik, M.H.J.; Vorstman,W.; Smid, E.J.; Gorris, L.G.M. The influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on the growth of prevalent Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species isolated from fresh and controlled-atmosphere-stored vegetables. Food Microbiol. 1998, 15, 459-469.
154. Barry-Ryan, C.; Pacussi, J.M.; O'Beirne, D. Quality of shredded carrots as affected by packaging film and storage temperature. J. Food Sci. 2000, 65, 726-730. (Pubitemid 30610548)
155. Beuchat, L.R. Surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables eaten raw: a review; World Health Organization, Food Safety Unit: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998; WHO/FSF/FOS/98.2, Available online: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/ publications/fs-management/en/surface- decon.pdf/ (accessed May 25, 2009).
156. Sun, Z.; Zhong, J.; Liang, X.; Liu, J.; Chen, X.; Huan, L. Novel Mechanism for Nisin Resistance via Proteolytic Degradation of Nisin by the Nisin Resistance Protein NSR. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2009, 53, 1964-1973.
157. Leverentz, B.; Conway, W.S.; Alavidze, Z.; Janisiewicz, W.J.; Fuchs, Y.; Camp, M.J.; Chighladze, E.; Sulakvelidze A. Examination of bacteriophage as a biocontrol method for Salmonella on fresh-cut fruit-a model study. J. Food Prot. 2001, 64, 1116-1121. (Pubitemid 32763548)
158. Barry-Ryan, C.; O'Beirne, D. Effects of slicing method on the quality and storage-life of modified atmosphere packaged carrot discs. J. Food Sci. 1998, 63, 851-856.
159. Leverentz, B.; Conway, W.S.; Camp, M.J.; Janisiewicz, W.J.; Abuladze, T.; Yang, M.; Saftner, R.; Sulakvelidze, A. Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Produce by Treatment with Lytic Bacteriophages and a Bacteriocin Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69, 4519-4526. (Pubitemid 36992907)
160. Coffey, A.; Ross, R.P. Bacteriophage-resistance systems in dairy starter
161. Yang, J.M.; DeUrraza, P.J.; Matvienko, N.; O'Sullivan D.J. Involvement of the LlaKR2I Methylase in Expression of the AbiR Bacteriophage Defense System in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis KR2. J. Bacteriol. 2006, 188, 1920-1928.
162. Chopin, M-C.; Chopin, A.; Bidnenko E. Phage abortive infection in lactococci: variations on a theme. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2005, 8, 473-479. (Pubitemid 41021910)
163. Hazan, R.; Engelberg-Kulka, H. Escherichia coli mazEF-mediated cell death as a defense mechanism that inhibits the spread of phage P1. Mol. Gen. Genomics. 2004, 272, 227-234. (Pubitemid 39371524)
164. Johnson, E.A. Chapter 4: Microbial Adaptation and Survival in Foods. In Microbial Stress Adaptation and Food Safety; Yousef, A.E., Juneja, V.K., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2002.
165. Rowe, M.T.; Kirk, R.B. Cross-protection phenomenon in Escherichia coli strains harbouring cytotoxic necrotizing factors and cytolethal distending toxins." Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2001, 32, 67-70.
166. Lou, Y.Q.; Yousef, A.E. Adaptation to sublethal environmental stresses protects Listeria monocytogenes against lethal preservation factors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1997, 63, 1252-1255.
167. Periago, P.M.; Schaik, W.V.; Abee, T.; Wouters, J.A. Identification of Proteins Involved in the Heat Stress Response of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002, 68, 3486-3495.
168. Leyer, G.J.; Johnson, E.A. Acid Adaptation Induces Cross-Protection against Environmental Stresses in Salmonella Typhimurium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993, 59, 1842-1847.
169. Mattick, K.L.; Jorgensen, F.; Legan, J.D.; Lappin-Scott, H.M.; Humphrey, T.J. Habituation of Salmonella spp. at Reduced Water Activity and Its Effect on Heat Tolerance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000, 66, 4921-4925.
170. Phadtare, S.; Inouye, M. Role of CspC and CspE in regulation of expression of RpoS and UspA, the stress response proteins in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 2001, 183, 1205-1214. (Pubitemid 32107716)
171. Derzelle, S.; Hallet, B.; Ferain, T.; Delcour, J.; Hols, P. Improved adaptation to cold-shock, stationary phase, and freezing stresses in Lactobacillus plantarum overproducing cold-shock proteins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003, 69, 4285-4290. (Pubitemid 36870098)
172. Katzif, S.; Danavall, D.; Bowers, S.; Balthazar, J.T.; Shafer, W.M. The major cold shock gene, cspA, is involved in the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to an antimicrobial peptide of human cathepsin G Infect. Immun. 2003, 71, 4304-4312.
173. Mangoli, S.; Sanzgiri, V.R.; Mahajan, S.K. A common regulator of cold and radiation response in Escherichia coli. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 2001, 20, 23-26. (Pubitemid 32116293)
174. Yamanaka, K.; Inouye, M. Growth-phasedependent expression of cspD, encoding a member of the CspA family in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 1997, 179, 5126-5130. (Pubitemid 27340547)
175. Schmid, B.; Klumpp, J.; Raimann, E.; Loessner M.J.; Stephan, R.; Tasara, T. Role of cold shock proteins in growth of Listeria monocytogenes under cold and osmotic stress conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009, 75, 1621-1627.
176. Ravishankar, S.; Juneja, V.K. Adaptation or Resistance Responses of Microorganisms to Stresses in the Food Processing Environment. In Microbial Stress Adaptation and Food Safety; Yousef, A.E.; Juneja, V.K. Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2002; Chapter 5.
177. Ferrer, M.; Chernikova, T.N.; Yakimov, M.M.; Golyshin, P.N.; Timmis, KN. Chaperonins govern growth of Escherichia coli at low temperatures. Nat. Biotechnol. 2003, 21, 1266-1267.
178. Juneja, V.K.; Klein, P.G.; Marmer, B.S. Heat shock and thermotolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a model beef gravy system and ground beef. J. Appl. Microbiol. 1998, 84, 677-684.
179. Foster, J.W. Low pH adaptation and the acid tolerance response of Salmonella typhimurium. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 1995, 21, 215-237.
180. Masters, C.I.; Miles, C.A.; Mackey, B.M. Survival and biological activity of heat damaged DNA. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1998, 27, 279-282.
181. El-Sharoud, W.M. Ribosome inactivation for preservation: concepts and reservations. Sci. Progr. 2004, 87, 137-152.
182. Kim, Y.J.; Moon, M.H.; Song, J.Y.; Smith, C.P; Hong S-K.; Chang Y.K. Acidic pH shock induces the expressions of a wide range of stress-response genes. BMC Genomics 2008, 9, 604.
183. Abram, F.; Starr, E.; Karatzas, K.A.G.; Matlawska-Wasowska, K.; Boyd, A.; Wiedmann, M.; Boor, K.J.; Connally, D.; O'Byrne, C.P. Identification of Components of the Sigma B Regulon in Listeria monocytogenes That Contribute to Acid and Salt Tolerance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74, 6848-6858.
184. Streit, F.; Delettre, J.; Corrieu, G.; Béal, C. Acid adaptation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus induces physiological responses at membrane and cytosolic levels that improves cryotolerance. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2008, 105, 1071-1080.
185. Bang I.-S.; Frye, J.G.; McClelland, M.; Velayudhan, J.; Fang, F.C. Alternative sigma factor interactions in Salmonella : σE and σH promote antioxidant defences by enhancing σS levels. Mol. Microbiol. 2005, 56, 811-823.
186. Gebhard, S.; Hümpel, A.; McLellan, A.D.; Cook, G.M. The alternative sigma factor SigF of Mycobacterium smegmatis is required for survival of heat shock, acidic pH and oxidative stress. Microbiol 2008, 154, 2786-2795.
187. Smirnova, G.V., Zakirova, O.N., Oktyabrskii, O.N. The Role of Antioxidant Systems in the Cold Stress Response of Escherichia coli. Microbiology 2001, 70, 45-50. (Pubitemid 33752836)
188. Gottesman, S. Proteolysis in bacterial regulatory circuits. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2003, 19, 565-587.
189. Sauer, R.T.; Bolon, D.N.; Burton, B.M.; Burton, R.E.; Flynn, J.M.; Grant, R.A. Sculpting the proteome with AAA(+) proteases and disassembly machines. Cell 2004, 119, 9-18.
190. Hanson, P.I.; Whiteheart, S.W. AAA+ proteins: have engine, will work. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2005, 6, 519-529.
191. Neher, S.B.; Villen, J.; Oakes, E.C.; Bakalarski, C.E.; Sauer, R.T.; Gygi, S.P.; Baker, T.A. Proteomic profiling of ClpXP substrates after DNA damage reveals extensive instability within SOS regulon. Mol. Cell 2006, 22, 193-204.
192. Pruteanu, M.; Baker, T.A. Controlled degradation by ClpXP protease tunes the levels of the excision repair protein UvrA to the extent of DNA damage. Mol. Microbiol. 2009, 71, 912-924.
193. Spano, G.; Capozzi, V.; Vernile, A.; Massa, S. Cloning, molecular characterization and expression analysis of two small heat shock genes isolated from wine Lactobacillus plantarum. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2004, 97, 774-782. (Pubitemid 39331584)
194. Spano, G.; Beneduce, L.; Perrotta, C.; Massa, S. Cloning and characterization of the hsp 18.55 gene, a new member of the small heat shock genes family isolated from wine Lactobacillus plantarum. Res. Microbiol. 2005, 156, 219-224
195. Fiocco, D.; Capozzi, V.; Goffin, P.; Hols, P.; Spano, G. Improved adaptation to heat, cold, and solvent tolerance in Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007, 77, 909-915. (Pubitemid 350159875)
196. Welch, T.J.; Farewell, A.; Neidhardt, F.C.; Bartlett, D.H. Stress response of Escherichia coli to elevated hydrostatic pressure. J. Bacteriol. 1993, 175, 7170-7177. (Pubitemid 23339293)
197. Chen, H.; Neetoo, H.; Ye, M.; Joerger, R.D. Differences in pressure tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes strains are not correlated with other stress tolerances and are not based on differences in CtsR. Food Microbiol. 2009, 26, 404-408.
198. McDougald, D.; Gong, L.; Srinivasan, S.; Hild, E.; Thompson, L.; Takayama, K.; Rice, S.A.; Kjelleberg, S. Defences against oxidative stress during starvation in bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2002, 81, 3-13. (Pubitemid 35314591)
199. Lucchetti-Miganeh, C.; Burrowes, E.; Baysse, C.; Ermel G. The post-transcriptional regulator CsrA plays a central role in the adaptation of bacterial pathogens to different stages of infection in animal hosts. Microbiology 2008, 154, 16-29. (Pubitemid 351201383)
200. Giotis, E.S., Julotok, M., Wilkinson, B.J., Blair, I.S., McDowell, D.A. Role of sigma B factor in the alkaline tolerance response of Listeria monocytogenes 10403S and cross-protection against subsequent ethanol and osmotic stress. J. Food Prot. 2008, 71, 1481-1485. (Pubitemid 351961743)
201. Shahjee, H.M.; Banerjee, K.; Ahmad, F. Comparative analysis of naturally occurring L-amino acid osmolytes and their D-isomers on protection of Escherichia coli against environmental stresses. J. Biosci. 2002, 27, 515-520.
202. Chattopadhyay, M.K. The cryoprotective effects of glycine betaine on bacteria. Trends Microbiol. 2002, 10, 311.
203. Chattopadhyay, M.K.; Kern, R.; Mistou, M.Y.; Dandekar, A.M.; Uratsu, S.L.; Richarme, G. The chemical chaperone proline relieves the thermosensitivity of a dnaK deletion mutant at 42° C. J. Bacteriol. 2004, 186, 8149-8152. (Pubitemid 39552528)
204. VanBogelen, R.A.; Neidhardt, F.C. Ribosomes as sensors of heat and cold shock in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990, 87, 5589-5593. (Pubitemid 20240332)
205. Brissette, J.L.; Russel, M.; Weiner, L.; Model, P. Phage shock protein, a stress protein of Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990, 87, 862-866. (Pubitemid 20057123)
206. Lloyd, L.J.; Jones, S.E.; Jovanovic, G. Identification of a new member of the phage shock protein response in Escherichia coli, the phage shock protein G (PspG). J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 55707-55714. (Pubitemid 40066576)
207. Hassani, A.S., Malekzadeh, F.; Amirmozafari, N.; Hamdi, K.; Ordouzadeh, N.; Ghaemi, A. Phage Shock Protein G. A Novel Ethanol-Induced Stress Protein in Salmonella typhimurium. Curr. Microbiol. 2009, 58, 239-244.
208. Hussain, I.; Mahmood, M. S.; Akhtar, M.; Khan, A. Prevalence of Campylobacter species in meat, milk and other food commodities in Pakistan. Food Microbiol. 2007, 24, 219-222. (Pubitemid 44918269)
209. Bhagwat, A.A. Microbiological safety of fresh-cut produce: where are we now? In Microbiology of Fresh Produce; Matthews K.R., Ed.; American Society for Microbiology: Washington, D.C., USA, 2006; pp.121-165.
210. Skandamisa, P.N.; Yoona, Y.; Stopfortha, J.D.; Kendallb, P.A.; Sofos J.N. Heat and acid tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes after exposure to single and multiple sublethal stresses. Food Microbiol. 2008, 25, 294-303.
211. Chua, D.K.; Goh, R.; Saftner, A.; Bhagwat, A.A. Fresh-Cut Lettuce in Modified Atmosphere Packages Stored at Improper Temperatures Supports Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Isolates to Survive Gastric Acid Challenge. J. Food Sci. 2008, 73, M148-153.
212. Artés, F.; Gómez, P.; Aguayo, E.; Escalona, V.; Artés-Hernández, F. Sustainable sanitation techniques for keeping quality and safety of fresh-cut plant commodities. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2009, 51, 287-296.