메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 131, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 3118-3131

The complex genetics of multiple sclerosis: Pitfalls and prospects

Author keywords

Association; Genetics; Linkage; Multiple sclerosis

Indexed keywords

INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 7 RECEPTOR;

EID: 58149122959     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn081     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (91)

References (141)
  • 7
    • 35748981184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants
    • Burton PR, Clayton DG, Cardon LR, Craddock N, Deloukas P, Duncanson A, et al. Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 1329-37.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1329-1337
    • Burton, P.R.1    Clayton, D.G.2    Cardon, L.R.3    Craddock, N.4    Deloukas, P.5    Duncanson, A.6
  • 9
    • 0035257236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association study designs for complex diseases
    • Cardon LR, Bell JI. Association study designs for complex diseases. Nat Rev Genet 2001; 2: 91-9.
    • (2001) Nat Rev Genet , vol.2 , pp. 91-99
    • Cardon, L.R.1    Bell, J.I.2
  • 11
    • 27644546712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structure, differential bias and genomic control in a large-scale, case-control association study
    • Clayton DG, Walker NM, Smyth DJ, Pask R, Cooper JD, Maier LM, et al. Population structure, differential bias and genomic control in a large-scale, case-control association study. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 1243-6.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 1243-1246
    • Clayton, D.G.1    Walker, N.M.2    Smyth, D.J.3    Pask, R.4    Cooper, J.D.5    Maier, L.M.6
  • 12
    • 0021341456 scopus 로고
    • Class II HLA-DC beta-chain DNA restriction fragments differentiate among HLA-DR2 individuals in insulin-dependent diabetes and multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen D, Cohen O, Marcadet A, Massart C, Lathrop M, Deschamps I, et al. Class II HLA-DC beta-chain DNA restriction fragments differentiate among HLA-DR2 individuals in insulin-dependent diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 1774-8.
    • (1984) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.81 , pp. 1774-1778
    • Cohen, D.1    Cohen, O.2    Marcadet, A.3    Massart, C.4    Lathrop, M.5    Deschamps, I.6
  • 13
    • 33244488712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making progress on the natural history of multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A. Making progress on the natural history of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006; 129: 561-3.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 561-563
    • Compston, A.1
  • 14
    • 0037029424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2002; 359: 1221-31.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1221-1231
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 16
    • 0017109389 scopus 로고
    • B-lymphocyte alloantigens associated with multiple sclerosis
    • Compston DA, Batchelor JR, McDonald WI. B-lymphocyte alloantigens associated with multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1976; 2: 1261-5.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1261-1265
    • Compston, D.A.1    Batchelor, J.R.2    McDonald, W.I.3
  • 17
    • 33244469927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis
    • Confavreux C, Vukusic S. Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2006a; 129: 595-605.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 595-605
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2
  • 18
    • 33244466021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of multiple sclerosis: A unifying concept
    • Confavreux C, Vukusic S. Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept. Brain 2006b; 129: 606-16.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 606-616
    • Confavreux, C.1    Vukusic, S.2
  • 20
    • 27944439639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis
    • Cox AL, Thompson SA, Jones JL, Robertson VH, Hale G, Waldmann H, et al. Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35: 3332-42.
    • (2005) Eur J Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 3332-3342
    • Cox, A.L.1    Thompson, S.A.2    Jones, J.L.3    Robertson, V.H.4    Hale, G.5    Waldmann, H.6
  • 21
    • 33749137515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution HLA and SNP haplotype map for disease association studies in the extended human MHC
    • de Bakker PI, McVean G, Sabeti PC, Miretti MM, Green T, Marchini J, et al. A high-resolution HLA and SNP haplotype map for disease association studies in the extended human MHC. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 1166-72.
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , pp. 1166-1172
    • de Bakker, P.I.1    McVean, G.2    Sabeti, P.C.3    Miretti, M.M.4    Green, T.5    Marchini, J.6
  • 23
    • 16544380910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic control to the extreme
    • author reply 1131
    • Devlin B, Bacanu SA, Roeder K. Genomic control to the extreme. Nat Genet 2004; 36: 1129-30; author reply 1131.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 1129-1130
    • Devlin, B.1    Bacanu, S.A.2    Roeder, K.3
  • 24
    • 0032714352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic control for association studies
    • Devlin B, Roeder K. Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics 1999; 55: 997-1004.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.55 , pp. 997-1004
    • Devlin, B.1    Roeder, K.2
  • 25
    • 33845340501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene
    • Duerr RH, Taylor KD, Brant SR, Rioux JD, Silverberg MS, Daly MJ, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene. Science 2006; 314: 1461-3.
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1461-1463
    • Duerr, R.H.1    Taylor, K.D.2    Brant, S.R.3    Rioux, J.D.4    Silverberg, M.S.5    Daly, M.J.6
  • 28
    • 2542547323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An extended genome scan in 442 Canadian multiple sclerosis-affected sibships: A report from the Canadian Collaborative Study Group
    • Dyment DA, Sadovnick AD, Willer CJ, Armstrong H, Cader ZM, Wiltshire S, et al. An extended genome scan in 442 Canadian multiple sclerosis-affected sibships: a report from the Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13: 1005-15.
    • (2004) Hum Mol Genet , vol.13 , pp. 1005-1015
    • Dyment, D.A.1    Sadovnick, A.D.2    Willer, C.J.3    Armstrong, H.4    Cader, Z.M.5    Wiltshire, S.6
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0029121088 scopus 로고
    • A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Collaborative Study Group
    • Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD, Risch NJ. A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Nature 1995; 377: 150-1.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.377 , pp. 150-151
    • Ebers, G.C.1    Sadovnick, A.D.2    Risch, N.J.3
  • 34
    • 0033674248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugal multiple sclerosis: Population-based prevalence and recurrence risks in offspring. Canadian Collaborative Study Group
    • Ebers GC, Yee IM, Sadovnick AD, Duquette P. Conjugal multiple sclerosis: population-based prevalence and recurrence risks in offspring. Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Ann Neurol 2000; 48: 927-31.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 927-931
    • Ebers, G.C.1    Yee, I.M.2    Sadovnick, A.D.3    Duquette, P.4
  • 35
    • 25444509248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and sample size calculations in the presence of phenotype errors for case/control genetic association studies
    • Edwards BJ, Haynes C, Levenstien MA, Finch SJ, Gordon D. Power and sample size calculations in the presence of phenotype errors for case/control genetic association studies. BMC Genet 2005; 6: 18.
    • (2005) BMC Genet , vol.6 , pp. 18
    • Edwards, B.J.1    Haynes, C.2    Levenstien, M.A.3    Finch, S.J.4    Gordon, D.5
  • 37
    • 24344436429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping gene activity in complex disorders: Integration of expression and genomic scans for multiple sclerosis
    • Fernald GH, Yeh RF, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Baranzini SE. Mapping gene activity in complex disorders: Integration of expression and genomic scans for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 167: 157-69.
    • (2005) J Neuroimmunol , vol.167 , pp. 157-169
    • Fernald, G.H.1    Yeh, R.F.2    Hauser, S.L.3    Oksenberg, J.R.4    Baranzini, S.E.5
  • 38
    • 0033975139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: A modifying influence of HLA class I genes in an HLA class II associated autoimmune disease
    • Fogdell-Hahn A, Ligers A, Gronning M, Hillert J, Olerup O. Multiple sclerosis: a modifying influence of HLA class I genes in an HLA class II associated autoimmune disease. Tissue Antigens 2000; 55: 140-8.
    • (2000) Tissue Antigens , vol.55 , pp. 140-148
    • Fogdell-Hahn, A.1    Ligers, A.2    Gronning, M.3    Hillert, J.4    Olerup, O.5
  • 40
    • 6944252244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of pedigree, sib-pair and association studies of common diseases for genetic mapping and epidemiology
    • Freimer N, Sabatti C. The use of pedigree, sib-pair and association studies of common diseases for genetic mapping and epidemiology. Nat Genet 2004; 36: 1045-51.
    • (2004) Nat Genet , vol.36 , pp. 1045-1051
    • Freimer, N.1    Sabatti, C.2
  • 41
    • 0026497413 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in 54 twinships: Concordance rate is independent of zygosity
    • French Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis
    • French Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis in 54 twinships: concordance rate is independent of zygosity. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 724-7.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 724-727
  • 42
    • 0142186253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of whole genome linkage screens in multiple sclerosis
    • Genetic Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis in EuropeanS (GAMES) and the Transatlantic Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Cooperative
    • Genetic Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis in EuropeanS (GAMES) and the Transatlantic Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Cooperative. A meta-analysis of whole genome linkage screens in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 143: 39-46.
    • (2003) J Neuroimmunol , vol.143 , pp. 39-46
  • 43
    • 1842859051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and sample size calculations for case-control genetic association tests when errors are present: Application to single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Gordon D, Finch SJ, Nothnagel M, Ott J. Power and sample size calculations for case-control genetic association tests when errors are present: application to single nucleotide polymorphisms. Hum Hered 2002; 54: 22-33.
    • (2002) Hum Hered , vol.54 , pp. 22-33
    • Gordon, D.1    Finch, S.J.2    Nothnagel, M.3    Ott, J.4
  • 44
    • 0035209177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans
    • Goring HH, Terwilliger JD, Blangero J. Large upward bias in estimation of locus-specific effects from genomewide scans. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69: 1357-69.
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.69 , pp. 1357-1369
    • Goring, H.H.1    Terwilliger, J.D.2    Blangero, J.3
  • 45
    • 34548351247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) shows allelic and functional association with multiple sclerosis
    • Gregory SG, Schmidt S, Seth P, Oksenberg JR, Hart J, Prokop A, et al. Interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) shows allelic and functional association with multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 1083-91.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1083-1091
    • Gregory, S.G.1    Schmidt, S.2    Seth, P.3    Oksenberg, J.R.4    Hart, J.5    Prokop, A.6
  • 47
    • 0036183653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sibling recurrence risk ratio as a measure of genetic effect: Caveat emptor!
    • Guo SW. Sibling recurrence risk ratio as a measure of genetic effect: caveat emptor! Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70: 818-9.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.70 , pp. 818-819
    • Guo, S.W.1
  • 48
    • 0009573338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A complete genomic screen for multiple sclerosis underscores a role for the major histocompatability complex. The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group
    • Haines JL, Ter-Minassian M, Bazyk A, Gusella JF, Kim DJ, Terwedow H, et al. A complete genomic screen for multiple sclerosis underscores a role for the major histocompatability complex. The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 469-71.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.13 , pp. 469-471
    • Haines, J.L.1    Ter-Minassian, M.2    Bazyk, A.3    Gusella, J.F.4    Kim, D.J.5    Terwedow, H.6
  • 49
    • 33846627302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1
    • Hampe J, Franke A, Rosenstiel P, Till A, Teuber M, Huse K, et al. A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 207-11.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 207-211
    • Hampe, J.1    Franke, A.2    Rosenstiel, P.3    Till, A.4    Teuber, M.5    Huse, K.6
  • 51
    • 10744231677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
    • Harbo HF, Lie BA, Sawcer S, Celius EG, Dai KZ, Oturai A, et al. Genes in the HLA class I region may contribute to the HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Tissue Antigens 2004; 63: 237-47.
    • (2004) Tissue Antigens , vol.63 , pp. 237-247
    • Harbo, H.F.1    Lie, B.A.2    Sawcer, S.3    Celius, E.G.4    Dai, K.Z.5    Oturai, A.6
  • 52
    • 0026782507 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of a multiple sclerosis-like illness in women who have a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutation
    • Harding AE, Sweeney MG, Miller DH, Mumford CJ, Kellar-Wood H, Menard D, et al. Occurrence of a multiple sclerosis-like illness in women who have a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutation. Brain 1992; 115 (Pt 4): 979-89.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , Issue.PART 4 , pp. 979-989
    • Harding, A.E.1    Sweeney, M.G.2    Miller, D.H.3    Mumford, C.J.4    Kellar-Wood, H.5    Menard, D.6
  • 53
    • 0037444214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic convergence: Identifying candidate genes for Parkinson's disease by combining serial analysis of gene expression and genetic linkage
    • Hauser MA, Li YJ, Takeuchi S, Walters R, Noureddine M, Maready M, et al. Genomic convergence: identifying candidate genes for Parkinson's disease by combining serial analysis of gene expression and genetic linkage. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12: 671-7.
    • (2003) Hum Mol Genet , vol.12 , pp. 671-677
    • Hauser, M.A.1    Li, Y.J.2    Takeuchi, S.3    Walters, R.4    Noureddine, M.5    Maready, M.6
  • 55
    • 0142155199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated results of the United Kingdom linkage-based genome screen in multiple sclerosis
    • Hensiek AE, Roxburgh R, Smilie B, Coraddu F, Akesson E, Holmans P, et al. Updated results of the United Kingdom linkage-based genome screen in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2003a; 143: 25-30.
    • (2003) J Neuroimmunol , vol.143 , pp. 25-30
    • Hensiek, A.E.1    Roxburgh, R.2    Smilie, B.3    Coraddu, F.4    Akesson, E.5    Holmans, P.6
  • 56
    • 0041589265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for needles in haystacks-the genetics of multiple sclerosis and other common neurological diseases
    • Hensiek AE, Sawcer SJ, Compston DA. Searching for needles in haystacks-the genetics of multiple sclerosis and other common neurological diseases. Brain Res Bull 2003b; 61: 229-34.
    • (2003) Brain Res Bull , vol.61 , pp. 229-234
    • Hensiek, A.E.1    Sawcer, S.J.2    Compston, D.A.3
  • 60
    • 9444295337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horton R, Wilming L, Rand V, Lovering RC, Bruford EA, Khodiyar VK, et al. Gene map of the extended human MHC. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5: 889-99.
    • Horton R, Wilming L, Rand V, Lovering RC, Bruford EA, Khodiyar VK, et al. Gene map of the extended human MHC. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5: 889-99.
  • 61
    • 38349100266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: The MHC Haplotype Project
    • Horton R, Gibson R, Coggill P, Miretti M, Allcock RJ, Almeida J, et al. Variation analysis and gene annotation of eight MHC haplotypes: The MHC Haplotype Project. Immunogenetics 2008; 60: 1-18.
    • (2008) Immunogenetics , vol.60 , pp. 1-18
    • Horton, R.1    Gibson, R.2    Coggill, P.3    Miretti, M.4    Allcock, R.J.5    Almeida, J.6
  • 62
    • 7244245762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
    • Human genome project
    • Human genome project. Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature 2004; 431: 931-45.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , pp. 931-945
  • 63
    • 34250001297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer
    • Hunter DJ, Kraft P, Jacobs KB, Cox DG, Yeager M, Hankinson SE, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies alleles in FGFR2 associated with risk of sporadic postmenopausal breast cancer. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 870-4.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 870-874
    • Hunter, D.J.1    Kraft, P.2    Jacobs, K.B.3    Cox, D.G.4    Yeager, M.5    Hankinson, S.E.6
  • 65
    • 79959503826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International HapMap Project
    • International HapMap Project. Nature 2003; 426: 789-96.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 789-796
  • 66
    • 4544358404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing linkage analysis of complex disorders: An evaluation of high-density genotyping
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium IMSGC
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC). Enhancing linkage analysis of complex disorders: an evaluation of high-density genotyping. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13: 1943-9.
    • (2004) Hum Mol Genet , vol.13 , pp. 1943-1949
  • 67
    • 23944499790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-density screen for linkage in multiple sclerosis
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium IMSGC
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC). A high-density screen for linkage in multiple sclerosis. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 454-67.
    • (2005) Am J Hum Genet , vol.77 , pp. 454-467
  • 68
    • 34548299105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk Alleles for Multiple Sclerosis Identified by a Genomewide Study
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium IMSGC
    • International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC). Risk Alleles for Multiple Sclerosis Identified by a Genomewide Study. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 851-62.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 851-862
  • 69
    • 0038813649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic associations: False or true?
    • Ioannidis JP. Genetic associations: false or true? Trends Mol Med 2003; 9: 135-8.
    • (2003) Trends Mol Med , vol.9 , pp. 135-138
    • Ioannidis, J.P.1
  • 70
    • 33749013001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of small effect sizes of individual genetic variants on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies of complex diseases
    • Ioannidis JP, Trikalinos TA, Khoury MJ. Implications of small effect sizes of individual genetic variants on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies of complex diseases. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164: 609-14.
    • (2006) Am J Epidemiol , vol.164 , pp. 609-614
    • Ioannidis, J.P.1    Trikalinos, T.A.2    Khoury, M.J.3
  • 72
    • 0015733713 scopus 로고
    • Histocompatibility determinants in multiple sclerosis, with special reference to clinical course
    • Jersild C, Fog T, Hansen GS, Thomsen M, Svejgaard A, Dupont B. Histocompatibility determinants in multiple sclerosis, with special reference to clinical course. Lancet 1973; 2: 1221-5.
    • (1973) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1221-1225
    • Jersild, C.1    Fog, T.2    Hansen, G.S.3    Thomsen, M.4    Svejgaard, A.5    Dupont, B.6
  • 73
    • 0015492877 scopus 로고
    • HL-A antigens and multiple sclerosis
    • Jersild C, Svejgaard A, Fog T. HL-A antigens and multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1972; 1: 1240-1.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1240-1241
    • Jersild, C.1    Svejgaard, A.2    Fog, T.3
  • 77
    • 33244486947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease
    • Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Baskerville J, Wingerchuk DM, Ebers GC. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease. Brain 2006; 129: 584-94.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 584-594
    • Kremenchutzky, M.1    Rice, G.P.2    Baskerville, J.3    Wingerchuk, D.M.4    Ebers, G.C.5
  • 78
    • 0035094764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation is the spice of life
    • Kruglyak L, Nickerson DA. Variation is the spice of life. Nat Genet 2001; 27: 234-6.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.27 , pp. 234-236
    • Kruglyak, L.1    Nickerson, D.A.2
  • 80
    • 0028090414 scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of complex traits
    • Lander ES, Schork NJ. Genetic dissection of complex traits. Science 1994; 265: 2037-48.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 2037-2048
    • Lander, E.S.1    Schork, N.J.2
  • 81
    • 23944444890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel
    • Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, Hinson SR. IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med 2005; 202: 473-7.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.202 , pp. 473-477
    • Lennon, V.A.1    Kryzer, T.J.2    Pittock, S.J.3    Verkman, A.S.4    Hinson, S.R.5
  • 83
    • 34247579326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel Crohn disease locus identified by genome-wide association maps to a gene desert on 5p13.1 and modulates expression of PTGER4
    • Libioulle C, Louis E, Hansoul S, Sandor C, Farnir F, Franchimont D, et al. Novel Crohn disease locus identified by genome-wide association maps to a gene desert on 5p13.1 and modulates expression of PTGER4. PLoS Genet 2007; 3: e58.
    • (2007) PLoS Genet , vol.3
    • Libioulle, C.1    Louis, E.2    Hansoul, S.3    Sandor, C.4    Farnir, F.5    Franchimont, D.6
  • 85
    • 27144538977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A predominant role for the HLA class II region in the association of the MHC region with multiple sclerosis
    • Lincoln MR, Montpetit A, Cader MZ, Saarela J, Dyment DA, Tiislar M, et al. A predominant role for the HLA class II region in the association of the MHC region with multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 1108-12.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 1108-1112
    • Lincoln, M.R.1    Montpetit, A.2    Cader, M.Z.3    Saarela, J.4    Dyment, D.A.5    Tiislar, M.6
  • 86
    • 18244383791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial recurrence rates and genetic models of multiple sclerosis
    • Lindsey JW. Familial recurrence rates and genetic models of multiple sclerosis. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 135: 53-8.
    • (2005) Am J Med Genet A , vol.135 , pp. 53-58
    • Lindsey, J.W.1
  • 87
    • 0037312921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease
    • Lohmueller KE, Pearce CL, Pike M, Lander ES, Hirschhorn JN. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease. Nat Genet 2003; 33: 177-82.
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.33 , pp. 177-182
    • Lohmueller, K.E.1    Pearce, C.L.2    Pike, M.3    Lander, E.S.4    Hirschhorn, J.N.5
  • 88
    • 34548368541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) influences risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Lundmark F, Duvefelt K, Iacobaeus E, Kockum I, Wallstrom E, Khademi M, et al. Variation in interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) influences risk of multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 1108-13.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 1108-1113
    • Lundmark, F.1    Duvefelt, K.2    Iacobaeus, E.3    Kockum, I.4    Wallstrom, E.5    Khademi, M.6
  • 89
    • 0031824226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 loci and multiple sclerosis predisposition in the Sardinian population
    • Marrosu MG, Murru MR, Costa G, Murru R, Muntoni F, Cucca F. DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 loci and multiple sclerosis predisposition in the Sardinian population. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7: 1235-7.
    • (1998) Hum Mol Genet , vol.7 , pp. 1235-1237
    • Marrosu, M.G.1    Murru, M.R.2    Costa, G.3    Murru, R.4    Muntoni, F.5    Cucca, F.6
  • 90
    • 18244367163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the HLA association with multiple sclerosis in the founder isolated population of Sardinia
    • Marrosu MG, Murru R, Murru MR, Costa G, Zavattari P, Whalen M, et al. Dissection of the HLA association with multiple sclerosis in the founder isolated population of Sardinia. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10: 2907-16.
    • (2001) Hum Mol Genet , vol.10 , pp. 2907-2916
    • Marrosu, M.G.1    Murru, R.2    Murru, M.R.3    Costa, G.4    Zavattari, P.5    Whalen, M.6
  • 91
    • 0034955141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
    • McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, Goodkin D, Hartung HP, Lublin FD, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 121-7.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 121-127
    • McDonald, W.I.1    Compston, A.2    Edan, G.3    Goodkin, D.4    Hartung, H.P.5    Lublin, F.D.6
  • 93
    • 20144388362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution linkage-disequilibrium map of the human major histocompatibility complex and first generation of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Miretti MM, Walsh EC, Ke X, Delgado M, Griffiths M, Hunt S, et al. A high-resolution linkage-disequilibrium map of the human major histocompatibility complex and first generation of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 76: 634-46.
    • (2005) Am J Hum Genet , vol.76 , pp. 634-646
    • Miretti, M.M.1    Walsh, E.C.2    Ke, X.3    Delgado, M.4    Griffiths, M.5    Hunt, S.6
  • 95
    • 34247576159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detailed analysis of the relative power of direct and indirect association studies and the implications for their interpretation
    • Moskvina V, O'Donovan MC. Detailed analysis of the relative power of direct and indirect association studies and the implications for their interpretation. Hum Hered 2007; 64: 63-73.
    • (2007) Hum Hered , vol.64 , pp. 63-73
    • Moskvina, V.1    O'Donovan, M.C.2
  • 99
    • 0025767289 scopus 로고
    • HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis: A critical evaluation
    • Olerup O, Hillert J. HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis: a critical evaluation. Tissue Antigens 1991; 38: 1-15.
    • (1991) Tissue Antigens , vol.38 , pp. 1-15
    • Olerup, O.1    Hillert, J.2
  • 100
    • 33745279392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating and improving power in whole-genome association studies using fixed marker sets
    • Pe'er I, de Bakker PI, Maller J, Yelensky R, Altshuler D, Daly MJ. Evaluating and improving power in whole-genome association studies using fixed marker sets. Nat Genet 2006; 38: 663-7.
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , pp. 663-667
    • Pe'er, I.1    de Bakker, P.I.2    Maller, J.3    Yelensky, R.4    Altshuler, D.5    Daly, M.J.6
  • 101
    • 0030744876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease
    • Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E, Ide SE, Dehejia A, Dutra A, et al. Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 1997; 276: 2045-7.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2045-2047
    • Polymeropoulos, M.H.1    Lavedan, C.2    Leroy, E.3    Ide, S.E.4    Dehejia, A.5    Dutra, A.6
  • 102
    • 0036799545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allelic architecture of human disease genes: Common disease-common variant . . . or not?
    • Pritchard JK, Cox NJ. The allelic architecture of human disease genes: common disease-common variant . . . or not? Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11: 2417-23.
    • (2002) Hum Mol Genet , vol.11 , pp. 2417-2423
    • Pritchard, J.K.1    Cox, N.J.2
  • 103
    • 12244264435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic Power Calculator: Design of linkage and association genetic mapping studies of complex traits
    • Purcell S, Cherny SS, Sham PC. Genetic Power Calculator: design of linkage and association genetic mapping studies of complex traits. Bioinformatics 2003; 19: 149-50.
    • (2003) Bioinformatics , vol.19 , pp. 149-150
    • Purcell, S.1    Cherny, S.S.2    Sham, P.C.3
  • 105
    • 27144472560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A whole-genome admixture scan finds a candidate locus for multiple sclerosis susceptibility
    • Reich D, Patterson N, Jager PL, McDonald GJ, Waliszewska A, Tandon A, et al. A whole-genome admixture scan finds a candidate locus for multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Nat Genet 2005; 37: 1113-8.
    • (2005) Nat Genet , vol.37 , pp. 1113-1118
    • Reich, D.1    Patterson, N.2    Jager, P.L.3    McDonald, G.J.4    Waliszewska, A.5    Tandon, A.6
  • 106
    • 0035451780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the allelic spectrum of human disease
    • Reich DE, Lander ES. On the allelic spectrum of human disease. Trends Genet 2001; 17: 502-10.
    • (2001) Trends Genet , vol.17 , pp. 502-510
    • Reich, D.E.1    Lander, E.S.2
  • 107
    • 0028949749 scopus 로고
    • The clinical features of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy defined by the presence of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation
    • Riordan-Eva P, Sanders MD, Govan GG, Sweeney MG, Da Costa J, Harding AE. The clinical features of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy defined by the presence of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation. Brain 1995; 118 (Pt 2): 319-37.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 319-337
    • Riordan-Eva, P.1    Sanders, M.D.2    Govan, G.G.3    Sweeney, M.G.4    Da Costa, J.5    Harding, A.E.6
  • 108
    • 34247554965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis
    • Rioux JD, Xavier RJ, Taylor KD, Silverberg MS, Goyette P, Huett A, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 596-604.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 596-604
    • Rioux, J.D.1    Xavier, R.J.2    Taylor, K.D.3    Silverberg, M.S.4    Goyette, P.5    Huett, A.6
  • 109
    • 0025019555 scopus 로고
    • Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. I. Multilocus models
    • Risch N. Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits. I. Multilocus models. Am J Hum Genet 1990; 46: 222-8.
    • (1990) Am J Hum Genet , vol.46 , pp. 222-228
    • Risch, N.1
  • 110
    • 0029741063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases
    • Risch N, Merikangas K. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 1996; 273: 1516-7.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1516-1517
    • Risch, N.1    Merikangas, K.2
  • 111
    • 29944438955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in twins from continental Italy and Sardinia: A nationwide study
    • Ristori G, Cannoni S, Stazi MA, Vanacore N, Cotichini R, Alfo M, et al. Multiple sclerosis in twins from continental Italy and Sardinia: a nationwide study. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 27-34.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 27-34
    • Ristori, G.1    Cannoni, S.2    Stazi, M.A.3    Vanacore, N.4    Cotichini, R.5    Alfo, M.6
  • 112
    • 0029874022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-adjusted recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Robertson NP, Fraser M, Deans J, Clayton D, Walker N, Compston DA. Age-adjusted recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 1996; 119 (Pt 2): 449-55.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 449-455
    • Robertson, N.P.1    Fraser, M.2    Deans, J.3    Clayton, D.4    Walker, N.5    Compston, D.A.6
  • 114
    • 18344385134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of the human leukocyte antigen region by use of haplotypes of Tasmanians with multiple sclerosis
    • Rubio JP, Bahlo M, Butzkueven H, van Der Mei IA, Sale MM, Dickinson JL, et al. Genetic dissection of the human leukocyte antigen region by use of haplotypes of Tasmanians with multiple sclerosis. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70: 1125-37.
    • (2002) Am J Hum Genet , vol.70 , pp. 1125-1137
    • Rubio, J.P.1    Bahlo, M.2    Butzkueven, H.3    van Der Mei, I.A.4    Sale, M.M.5    Dickinson, J.L.6
  • 115
    • 0023897491 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Updated risks for relatives
    • Sadovnick AD, Baird PA, Ward RH. Multiple sclerosis: updated risks for relatives. Am J Med Genet 1988; 29: 533-41.
    • (1988) Am J Med Genet , vol.29 , pp. 533-541
    • Sadovnick, A.D.1    Baird, P.A.2    Ward, R.H.3
  • 116
    • 33744457667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new era in the genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis
    • Sawcer S. A new era in the genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2006; 19: 237-41.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.19 , pp. 237-241
    • Sawcer, S.1
  • 117
    • 15844368830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome screen in multiple sclerosis reveals susceptibility loci on chromosome 6p21 and 17q22
    • Sawcer S, Jones HB, Feakes R, Gray J, Smaldon N, Chataway J, et al. A genome screen in multiple sclerosis reveals susceptibility loci on chromosome 6p21 and 17q22. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 464-8.
    • (1996) Nat Genet , vol.13 , pp. 464-468
    • Sawcer, S.1    Jones, H.B.2    Feakes, R.3    Gray, J.4    Smaldon, N.5    Chataway, J.6
  • 118
    • 34249888775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels
    • Saxena R, Voight BF, Lyssenko V, Burtt NP, de Bakker PI, Chen H, et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels. Science 2007; 316: 1331-6.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 1331-1336
    • Saxena, R.1    Voight, B.F.2    Lyssenko, V.3    Burtt, N.P.4    de Bakker, P.I.5    Chen, H.6
  • 119
    • 34249885875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants
    • Scott LJ, Mohlke KL, Bonnycastle LL, Willer CJ, Li Y, Duren WL, et al. A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants. Science 2007; 316: 1341-5.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 1341-1345
    • Scott, L.J.1    Mohlke, K.L.2    Bonnycastle, L.L.3    Willer, C.J.4    Li, Y.5    Duren, W.L.6
  • 120
    • 33847176604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide association study identifies novel risk loci for type 2 diabetes
    • Sladek R, Rocheleau G, Rung J, Dina C, Shen L, Serre D, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies novel risk loci for type 2 diabetes. Nature 2007; 445: 881-5.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 881-885
    • Sladek, R.1    Rocheleau, G.2    Rung, J.3    Dina, C.4    Shen, L.5    Serre, D.6
  • 121
    • 0036798007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The allelic structure of common disease
    • Smith DJ, Lusis AJ. The allelic structure of common disease. Hum Mol Genet 2002; 11: 2455-61.
    • (2002) Hum Mol Genet , vol.11 , pp. 2455-2461
    • Smith, D.J.1    Lusis, A.J.2
  • 123
    • 34250002140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
    • Stacey SN, Manolescu A, Sulem P, Rafnar T, Gudmundsson J, Gudjonsson SA, et al. Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 865-9.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 865-869
    • Stacey, S.N.1    Manolescu, A.2    Sulem, P.3    Rafnar, T.4    Gudmundsson, J.5    Gudjonsson, S.A.6
  • 125
    • 0036255811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion: Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: practical considerations
    • Tabor HK, Risch NJ, Myers RM. Opinion: Candidate-gene approaches for studying complex genetic traits: practical considerations. Nat Rev Genet 2002; 3: 391-7.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Genet , vol.3 , pp. 391-397
    • Tabor, H.K.1    Risch, N.J.2    Myers, R.M.3
  • 126
    • 0017175963 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and high incidence of a B lymphocyte antigen
    • Terasaki PI, Park MS, Opelz G, Ting A. Multiple sclerosis and high incidence of a B lymphocyte antigen. Science 1976; 193: 1245-7.
    • (1976) Science , vol.193 , pp. 1245-1247
    • Terasaki, P.I.1    Park, M.S.2    Opelz, G.3    Ting, A.4
  • 127
    • 0041808918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 11 novel and common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-7 receptor-alpha gene and their associations with multiple sclerosis
    • Teutsch SM, Booth DR, Bennetts BH, Heard RN, Stewart GJ. Identification of 11 novel and common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-7 receptor-alpha gene and their associations with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2003; 11: 509-15.
    • (2003) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.11 , pp. 509-515
    • Teutsch, S.M.1    Booth, D.R.2    Bennetts, B.H.3    Heard, R.N.4    Stewart, G.J.5
  • 128
    • 0036277684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point: Population stratification: a problem for case-control studies of candidate-gene associations?
    • Thomas DC, Witte JS. Point: population stratification: a problem for case-control studies of candidate-gene associations? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11: 505-12.
    • (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.11 , pp. 505-512
    • Thomas, D.C.1    Witte, J.S.2
  • 129
    • 0024394725 scopus 로고
    • Patients with multiple sclerosis carry DQB1 genes which encode shared polymorphic amino acid sequences
    • Vartdal F, Sollid LM, Vandvik B, Markussen G, Thorsby E. Patients with multiple sclerosis carry DQB1 genes which encode shared polymorphic amino acid sequences. Hum Immunol 1989; 25: 103-10.
    • (1989) Hum Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 103-110
    • Vartdal, F.1    Sollid, L.M.2    Vandvik, B.3    Markussen, G.4    Thorsby, E.5
  • 130
    • 1642295096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the probability that a positive report is false: An approach for molecular epidemiology studies
    • Wacholder S, Chanock S, Garcia-Closas M, El Ghormli L, Rothman N. Assessing the probability that a positive report is false: an approach for molecular epidemiology studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 434-42.
    • (2004) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.96 , pp. 434-442
    • Wacholder, S.1    Chanock, S.2    Garcia-Closas, M.3    El Ghormli, L.4    Rothman, N.5
  • 131
    • 0043267974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype blocks and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome
    • Wall JD, Pritchard JK. Haplotype blocks and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nat Rev Genet 2003; 4: 587-97.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Genet , vol.4 , pp. 587-597
    • Wall, J.D.1    Pritchard, J.K.2
  • 132
    • 13144265739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association studies: Theoretical and practical concerns
    • Wang WY, Barratt BJ, Clayton DG, Todd JA. Genome-wide association studies: theoretical and practical concerns. Nat Rev Genet 2005; 6: 109-18.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Genet , vol.6 , pp. 109-118
    • Wang, W.Y.1    Barratt, B.J.2    Clayton, D.G.3    Todd, J.A.4
  • 133
    • 33750876203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining information from common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms improves disease prediction
    • Weedon MN, McCarthy MI, Hitman G, Walker M, Groves CJ, Zeggini E, et al. Combining information from common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms improves disease prediction. PLoS Med 2006; 3: e374.
    • (2006) PLoS Med , vol.3
    • Weedon, M.N.1    McCarthy, M.I.2    Hitman, G.3    Walker, M.4    Groves, C.J.5    Zeggini, E.6
  • 134
    • 84969213492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
    • Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium WTCC
    • Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCC). Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 2007; 447: 661-78.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 661-678
  • 138
    • 27544432314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population?
    • Yang Q, Khoury MJ, Friedman J, Little J, Flanders WD. How many genes underlie the occurrence of common complex diseases in the population? Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34: 1129-37.
    • (2005) Int J Epidemiol , vol.34 , pp. 1129-1137
    • Yang, Q.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Friedman, J.3    Little, J.4    Flanders, W.D.5
  • 139
    • 34247548755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study of prostate cancer identifies a second risk locus at 8q24
    • Yeager M, Orr N, Hayes RB, Jacobs KB, Kraft P, Wacholder S, et al. Genome-wide association study of prostate cancer identifies a second risk locus at 8q24. Nat Genet 2007; 39: 645-9.
    • (2007) Nat Genet , vol.39 , pp. 645-649
    • Yeager, M.1    Orr, N.2    Hayes, R.B.3    Jacobs, K.B.4    Kraft, P.5    Wacholder, S.6
  • 140
    • 34147167634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A second major histocompatibility complex susceptibility locus for multiple sclerosis
    • Yeo TW, De Jager PL, Gregory SG, Barcellos LF, Walton A, Goris A, et al. A second major histocompatibility complex susceptibility locus for multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2007; 61: 228-36.
    • (2007) Ann Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 228-236
    • Yeo, T.W.1    De Jager, P.L.2    Gregory, S.G.3    Barcellos, L.F.4    Walton, A.5    Goris, A.6
  • 141
    • 20144388185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two genes encoding immune-regulatory molecules (LAG3 and IL7R) confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis
    • Zhang Z, Duvefelt K, Svensson F, Masterman T, Jonasdottir G, Salter H, et al. Two genes encoding immune-regulatory molecules (LAG3 and IL7R) confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2005; 6: 145-52.
    • (2005) Genes Immun , vol.6 , pp. 145-152
    • Zhang, Z.1    Duvefelt, K.2    Svensson, F.3    Masterman, T.4    Jonasdottir, G.5    Salter, H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.