메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 426, Issue 6968, 2003, Pages 789-796

The international HapMap project

(144)  Belmont, John W a   Hardenbol, Paul b   Willis, Thomas D b   Yu, Fuli a   Yang, Huanming c   Ch'Ang, Lan Yang d   Huang, Wei e   Liu, Bin c   Shen, Yan e   Tam, Paul Kwong Hang f   Tsui, Lap Chee f   Waye, Mary Miu Yee g   Wong, Jeffrey Tze Fei h   Zeng, Changqing c   Zhang, Qingrun c   Chee, Mark S i   Galver, Luana M i   Kruglyak, Semyon i   Murray, Sarah S i   Oliphant, Arnold R i   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 79959503826     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature02168     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (5178)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0003979578 scopus 로고
    • eds Motulsky, A. G., Harper, P. S., Scriver, C. & Bobrow, M. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
    • King, R. A., Rotter, J. I. & Motulsky, A. G. The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases Vol. 20 (eds Motulsky, A. G., Harper, P. S., Scriver, C. & Bobrow, M.) (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1992).
    • (1992) The Genetic Basis of Common Diseases , vol.20
    • King, R.A.1    Rotter, J.I.2    Motulsky, A.G.3
  • 2
    • 0034660559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium
    • Risch, N. J. Searching for genetic determinants in the new millennium. Nature 405, 847-856 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 847-856
    • Risch, N.J.1
  • 3
    • 0037373275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovering genotypes underlying human phenotypes: Past successes for mendelian disease, future approaches for complex disease
    • Botstein, D. & Risch, N. Discovering genotypes underlying human phenotypes: past successes for mendelian disease, future approaches for complex disease. Nature Genet. 33 (Suppl.), 228-237 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Genet. , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 228-237
    • Botstein, D.1    Risch, N.2
  • 4
    • 0029741063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases
    • Risch, N. & Merikangas, K. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 273, 1516-1517 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1516-1517
    • Risch, N.1    Merikangas, K.2
  • 5
    • 0025152043 scopus 로고
    • Worldwide differences in the incidence of type 1 diabetes are associated with amino acid variation at position 57 of the HLA-DQ β chain
    • Dorman, J. S., LaPorte, R. E., Stone, R. A. & Trucco, M. Worldwide differences in the incidence of type 1 diabetes are associated with amino acid variation at position 57 of the HLA-DQ β chain. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7370-7374 (1990).
    • (1990) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 7370-7374
    • Dorman, J.S.1    LaPorte, R.E.2    Stone, R.A.3    Trucco, M.4
  • 6
    • 0021343570 scopus 로고
    • A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Bell, G. I., Horita, S. & Karam, J. H. A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 33, 176-183 (1984).
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 176-183
    • Bell, G.I.1    Horita, S.2    Karam, J.H.3
  • 7
    • 8944259914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes
    • Nisticò, L. et al. The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 5, 1075-1080 (1996).
    • (1996) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.5 , pp. 1075-1080
    • Nisticò, L.1
  • 9
    • 1842290346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 506 Q mutation is a common risk factor for venous thrombosis
    • 506 Q mutation is a common risk factor for venous thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost. 78, 483-488 (1997).
    • (1997) Thromb. Haemost. , vol.78 , pp. 483-488
    • Dahlbäck, B.1
  • 10
    • 0035978651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • Hugot, J. P et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 411, 599-603 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 599-603
    • Hugot, J.P.1
  • 11
    • 0035978533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • Ogura, Y. et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 411, 603-606 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 603-606
    • Ogura, Y.1
  • 12
    • 0034785352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in the 5q31 cytokine gene cluster confers susceptibility to Crohn disease
    • Rioux, J. D. et al. Genetic variation in the 5q31 cytokine gene cluster confers susceptibility to Crohn disease. Nature Genet. 29, 223-228 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 223-228
    • Rioux, J.D.1
  • 13
    • 0035812707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing
    • Pennacchio, L. A. et al. An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing. Science 294, 169-173 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 169-173
    • Pennacchio, L.A.1
  • 14
    • 0031595923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Pro12Ala substitution in PPARγ2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity
    • Deeb, S. S. et al. A Pro12Ala substitution in PPARγ2 associated with decreased receptor activity, lower body mass index and improved insulin sensitivity. Nature Genet. 20, 284-287 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Genet. , vol.20 , pp. 284-287
    • Deeb, S.S.1
  • 15
    • 0033624575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The common PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes
    • Altshuler, D. et al. The common PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Nature Genet. 26, 76-80 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.26 , pp. 76-80
    • Altshuler, D.1
  • 16
    • 0013375948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuregulin 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia
    • Stefansson, H. et al. Neuregulin 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71, 877-892 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.71 , pp. 877-892
    • Stefansson, H.1
  • 17
    • 0037173639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness
    • Van Eerdewegh, P et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 418, 426-430 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 426-430
    • Van Eerdewegh, P.1
  • 18
    • 0141819194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4D confers risk of ischemic stroke
    • Gretarsdottir, S. et al. The gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4D confers risk of ischemic stroke. Nature Genet. 35, 131-138 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Genet. , vol.35 , pp. 131-138
    • Gretarsdottir, S.1
  • 19
    • 18744407845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional SNPs in the lymphotoxin-α gene that are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction
    • Ozaki, K. et al. Functional SNPs in the lymphotoxin-α gene that are associated with susceptibility to myocardial infarction. Nature. Genet. 32, 650-654 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature. Genet. , vol.32 , pp. 650-654
    • Ozaki, K.1
  • 20
    • 0030688004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations on a theme: Cataloging human DNA sequence variation
    • Gollins, E S., Guyer, M. S. & Ghakravarti, A. Variations on a theme: cataloging human DNA sequence variation. Science 278, 1580-1581 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1580-1581
    • Gollins, E.S.1    Guyer, M.S.2    Ghakravarti, A.3
  • 21
    • 0035094764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation is the spice of life
    • Kruglyak, L. & Nickerson, D. A. Variation is the spice of life. Nature Genet. 27, 234-236 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.27 , pp. 234-236
    • Kruglyak, L.1    Nickerson, D.A.2
  • 22
    • 0024423668 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Genetic analysis
    • Kerem, B. et al. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: genetic analysis. Science 245, 1073-1080 (1989).
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 1073-1080
    • Kerem, B.1
  • 23
    • 0026949420 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium mapping in isolated founder populations: Diastrophic dysplasia in Finland
    • Hästbacka, J. et al. Linkage disequilibrium mapping in isolated founder populations: diastrophic dysplasia in Finland. Nature Genet. 2, 204-211 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 204-211
    • Hästbacka, J.1
  • 24
    • 0026053092 scopus 로고
    • Low nucleotide diversity in man
    • Li, W. H. & Sadler, L. A. Low nucleotide diversity in man. Genetics 129, 513-523 (1991).
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 513-523
    • Li, W.H.1    Sadler, L.A.2
  • 25
    • 0032524383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome
    • Wang, D. G. et al. Large-scale identification, mapping, and genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome. Science 280, 1077-1082 (1998).
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1077-1082
    • Wang, D.G.1
  • 26
    • 0032991552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gharacterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes
    • Gargill, M. et al. Gharacterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nature Genet. 22, 231-238 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 231-238
    • Gargill, M.1
  • 27
    • 0032990407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for bloodpressure homeostasis
    • Halushka, M. K. et al. Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for bloodpressure homeostasis. Nature Genet. 22, 239-247 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 239-247
    • Halushka, M.K.1
  • 28
    • 0037381234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality and completeness of SNP databases
    • Reich, D. E., Gabriel, S. B. & Altshuler, D. Quality and completeness of SNP databases. Nature Genet. 33, 457-458 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 457-458
    • Reich, D.E.1    Gabriel, S.B.2    Altshuler, D.3
  • 29
    • 0037461782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mosaic that is our genome
    • Pääbo, S. The mosaic that is our genome. Nature 421, 409-412 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 409-412
    • Pääbo, S.1
  • 30
    • 0034795550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensely punctate meiotic recombination in the class 11 region of the major histocompatibility complex
    • Jeffreys, A. J., Kauppi, L. & Neumann, R. Intensely punctate meiotic recombination in the class 11 region of the major histocompatibility complex. Nature. Genet. 29, 217-222 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature. Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 217-222
    • Jeffreys, A.J.1    Kauppi, L.2    Neumann, R.3
  • 31
    • 18444369013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome
    • Gabriel, S. B. et al. The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science 296, 2225-2229 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 2225-2229
    • Gabriel, S.B.1
  • 32
    • 0035837267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium in the human genome
    • Reich, D. E. et al. Linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature. 411, 199-204 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature. , vol.411 , pp. 199-204
    • Reich, D.E.1
  • 33
    • 0035163547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent and distribution of linkage disequilibrium in three genomic regions
    • Abecasis, G. R. et al. Extent and distribution of linkage disequilibrium in three genomic regions. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68, 191-197 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.68 , pp. 191-197
    • Abecasis, G.R.1
  • 34
    • 18444396271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A first-generation linkage disequilibrium map of human chromosome 22
    • Dawson, E. et al. A first-generation linkage disequilibrium map of human chromosome 22. Nature. 418, 544-548 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature. , vol.418 , pp. 544-548
    • Dawson, E.1
  • 36
    • 0035941029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocks of limited haplotype diversity revealed by high-resolution scanning of human chromosome 21
    • Patil, N. et al. Blocks of limited haplotype diversity revealed by high-resolution scanning of human chromosome 21. Science 294, 1719-1723 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1719-1723
    • Patil, N.1
  • 37
    • 0034789532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haplotype tagging for the identification of common disease genes
    • Johnson, G. C. L. et al. Haplotype tagging for the identification of common disease genes. Nature Genet. 29, 233-237 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 233-237
    • Johnson, G.C.L.1
  • 38
    • 0344091561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Additional SNPs and linkage-disequilibrium analyses are necessary for wholegenome association studies in humans
    • Garlson, G. S. et al. Additional SNPs and linkage-disequilibrium analyses are necessary for wholegenome association studies in humans. Nature. Genet. 33, 518-521 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature. Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 518-521
    • Garlson, G.S.1
  • 39
    • 0242380286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome scans and candidate gene approaches in the study of common diseases and variable drug responses
    • Goldstein, D. B., Ahmadi, K. R., Weale, M. E. & Wood, N. W. Genome scans and candidate gene approaches in the study of common diseases and variable drug responses. Trends Genet. 19, 615-622 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Genet. , vol.19 , pp. 615-622
    • Goldstein, D.B.1    Ahmadi, K.R.2    Weale, M.E.3    Wood, N.W.4
  • 40
    • 0033930144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juxtaposed regions of extensive and minimal linkage disequilibrium in human Xq25 and Xq28
    • Taillon-Miller, P et al. Juxtaposed regions of extensive and minimal linkage disequilibrium in human Xq25 and Xq28. Nature Genet. 25, 324-328 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Genet. , vol.25 , pp. 324-328
    • Taillon-Miller, P.1
  • 41
    • 84984932946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetics - Making sense out of sequence
    • Chakravarti, A. Population genetics - making sense out of sequence. Nature Genet. 21, 56-60 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 56-60
    • Chakravarti, A.1
  • 42
    • 0021679717 scopus 로고
    • Nonuniform recombination within the human β-globin gene cluster
    • Chakravarti, A. et al. Nonuniform recombination within the human β-globin gene cluster. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 36, 1239-1258 (1984).
    • (1984) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 1239-1258
    • Chakravarti, A.1
  • 43
    • 0029667388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins
    • Tishkoff, S. A. et al. Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins. Science 271, 1380-1387 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1380-1387
    • Tishkoff, S.A.1
  • 45
    • 0036075767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity, and genomics: Social classifications as proxies of biological heterogeneity
    • Foster, M. W. & Sharp, R. R. Race, ethnicity, and genomics: social classifications as proxies of biological heterogeneity. Genome Res. 12, 844-850 (2002).
    • (2002) Genome Res. , vol.12 , pp. 844-850
    • Foster, M.W.1    Sharp, R.R.2
  • 47
    • 0037147189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure of human populations
    • Rosenberg, N. A. et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science 298, 2381-2385 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 2381-2385
    • Rosenberg, N.A.1
  • 48
    • 0030947277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite diversity and the demographic history of modern humans
    • Jorde, L. B. et al. Microsatellite diversity and the demographic history of modern humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3100-3103 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 3100-3103
    • Jorde, L.B.1
  • 49
    • 0025280026 scopus 로고
    • Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH): Collaborative genetic mapping of the human genome
    • Dausset, J. et al. Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH): collaborative genetic mapping of the human genome. Genomics 6, 575-577 (1990).
    • (1990) Genomics , vol.6 , pp. 575-577
    • Dausset, J.1
  • 50
    • 0035173378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DbSNP: The NCBI database of genetic variation
    • Sherry, S. T et al. dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 308-311 (2001).
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.29 , pp. 308-311
    • Sherry, S.T.1
  • 51
    • 0034764307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SSAHA: A fast search method for large DNA databases
    • Ning, Z., Gox, A. J. & Mullikin, J. C. SSAHA: a fast search method for large DNA databases. Genome Res. 11, 1725-1729 (2001).
    • (2001) Genome Res. , vol.11 , pp. 1725-1729
    • Ning, Z.1    Gox, A.J.2    Mullikin, J.C.3
  • 52
    • 0035865322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • The International SNP Working Group
    • The International SNP Working Group. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature. 409, 928-933 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature. , vol.409 , pp. 928-933
  • 53
    • 0035895505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequence of the human genome
    • Venter, J. C. et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science 291, 1304-1351 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1304-1351
    • Venter, J.C.1
  • 54
    • 0002907949 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of selection and linkage. 1. General considerations: Heterotic models
    • Lewontin, R. C. The interaction of selection and linkage. 1. General considerations: heterotic models. Genetics 49, 49-67 (1964).
    • (1964) Genetics , vol.49 , pp. 49-67
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 55
    • 33646226097 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium in finite populations
    • Hill, W. G. & Robertson, A. Linkage disequilibrium in finite populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 38, 226-231 (1968).
    • (1968) Theor. Appl. Genet. , vol.38 , pp. 226-231
    • Hill, W.G.1    Robertson, A.2
  • 56
    • 33645650359 scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium due to random genetic drift
    • Ohta, T. & Kimura, M. Linkage disequilibrium due to random genetic drift. Genet. Res. 13, 47-55 (1969).
    • (1969) Genet. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 47-55
    • Ohta, T.1    Kimura, M.2
  • 57
    • 0033857962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decay of linkage disequilibrium under random union of gametes: How to calculate Bennett's principal components
    • Dawson, K. J. The decay of linkage disequilibrium under random union of gametes: how to calculate Bennett's principal components. Theor. Popul. Biol. 58, 1-20 (2000).
    • (2000) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 1-20
    • Dawson, K.J.1
  • 58
    • 0016149819 scopus 로고
    • The direction of linkage disequilibrium
    • Langley, C. H. & Crow, J. F. The direction of linkage disequilibrium. Gmetics 78, 937-941 (1974).
    • (1974) Gmetics , vol.78 , pp. 937-941
    • Langley, C.H.1    Crow, J.F.2
  • 59
    • 0037133218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps: Delineation of hot and cold blocks by diplotype analysis
    • Maniatis, N. et al. The first linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps: delineation of hot and cold blocks by diplotype analysis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2228-2233 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 2228-2233
    • Maniatis, N.1
  • 60
    • 0023612034 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the recombination parameter of a finite population model without selection
    • Hudson, R. R. Estimating the recombination parameter of a finite population model without selection. Genet. Res. 50, 245-250 (1987).
    • (1987) Genet. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 245-250
    • Hudson, R.R.1
  • 61
    • 0035675042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating recombination rates from population genetic data
    • Fearnhead, P & Donnelly, P Estimating recombination rates from population genetic data. Genetics 159, 1299-1318 (2001).
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 1299-1318
    • Fearnhead, P.1    Donnelly, P.2
  • 62
    • 0036199914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A coalescent-based method for detecting and estimating recombination from gene sequences
    • McVean, G., Awadalla, P & Fearnhead, P A coalescent-based method for detecting and estimating recombination from gene sequences. Genetics 160, 1231-1241 (2002).
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 1231-1241
    • McVean, G.1    Awadalla, P.2    Fearnhead, P.3
  • 63
    • 2042437650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
    • International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium
    • International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 409, 860-921 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 860-921
  • 64
    • 0036598951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complex relationship of genetics, groups, and health: What it means for public health
    • Clayton, E. W. The complex relationship of genetics, groups, and health: what it means for public health. J. Law Med. Ethics 30, 290-297 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Law Med. Ethics , vol.30 , pp. 290-297
    • Clayton, E.W.1
  • 65
    • 0034142084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic research and culturally specific risks: One size does not fit all
    • Foster, M. W. & Sharp, R. R. Genetic research and culturally specific risks: one size does not fit all. Trends Genet. 16, 93-95 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 93-95
    • Foster, M.W.1    Sharp, R.R.2
  • 66
    • 0034153572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involving study populations in the review of genetic research
    • Sharp, R. R. & Foster, M. W. Involving study populations in the review of genetic research. J. Law Med. Ethics 28, 41-51 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Law Med. Ethics , vol.28 , pp. 41-51
    • Sharp, R.R.1    Foster, M.W.2
  • 67
    • 0035167444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical challenges in community-based research
    • Marshall, P. A. & Rotimi, C. Ethical challenges in community-based research. Am. J. Med. Sci. 322, 241-245 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Med. Sci. , vol.322 , pp. 241-245
    • Marshall, P.A.1    Rotimi, C.2
  • 68
    • 0034149801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: What "community review" can and cannot do
    • Juengst, E. T. Commentary: what "community review" can and cannot do. J. Law Med. Ethics 28, 52-54 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Law Med. Ethics , vol.28 , pp. 52-54
    • Juengst, E.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.