메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 506-518

PPAR: A therapeutic target in parkinson's disease

Author keywords

Mitochondrial dysfunction; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Peroxisome proliferator Activated receptor; Ppar gamma coactivator 1alpha

Indexed keywords

4 [4 [3 (4 ACETYL 3 HYDROXY 2 PROPYLPHENOXY)PROPOXY]PHENOXY]ACETIC ACID; [2 METHYL 4 [4 METHYL 2 (4 TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYL) 5 THIAZOLYLMETHYLTHIO]PHENOXY]ACETIC ACID; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; BEZAFIBRATE; CELECOXIB; DICLOFENAC; FENOFIBRATE; FENOPROFEN; IBUPROFEN; INDOMETACIN; NAPROXEN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PARACETAMOL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR AGONIST; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA COACTIVATOR 1ALPHA; PIOGLITAZONE; PROTEOME; ROSIGLITAZONE; SALICYLATE SODIUM; ANTIPARKINSON AGENT;

EID: 51649110738     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: 14714159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05388.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (137)

References (143)
  • 1
    • 13844297687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of PPAR-gamma ligands in ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation and shock
    • Abdelrahman M., Sivarajah A. and Thiemermann C. (2005) Beneficial effects of PPAR-gamma ligands in ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation and shock. Cardiovasc. Res. 65, 772-781.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc. Res , vol.65 , pp. 772-781
    • Abdelrahman, M.1    Sivarajah, A.2    Thiemermann, C.3
  • 3
    • 0031711224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxicity and nitric oxide in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis
    • Beal M. F. (1998) Excitotoxicity and nitric oxide in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Ann. Neurol. 44, S110-S114.
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol , vol.44
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 4
    • 0036570159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidatively modified proteins in aging and disease
    • Beal M. F. (2002) Oxidatively modified proteins in aging and disease. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 32, 797-803.
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.32 , pp. 797-803
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 5
    • 0038051345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria, oxidative damage, and inflammation in Parkinson's disease
    • Beal M. F. (2003) Mitochondria, oxidative damage, and inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 991, 120-131.
    • (2003) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci , vol.991 , pp. 120-131
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 6
    • 25444474703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neuro- degeneration
    • Beal M. F. (2005) Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neuro- degeneration. Ann. Neurol 58, 495-505.
    • (2005) Ann. Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 495-505
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 7
    • 33646375711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease
    • Bender A., Krishnan K. J., Morris C. M. et al. (2006) High levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease. Nat. Genet. 38, 515-517.
    • (2006) Nat. Genet , vol.38 , pp. 515-517
    • Bender, A.1    Krishnan, K.J.2    Morris, C.M.3
  • 8
    • 0036183630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of action of PPARs
    • Berger J. and Moller D. E. (2002) The mechanisms of action of PPARs. Annu. Rev. Med. 53, 409-435.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Med , vol.53 , pp. 409-435
    • Berger, J.1    Moller, D.E.2
  • 12
    • 0034057069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system
    • Bishop-Bailey D. (2000) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the cardiovascular system. Br. J. Pharmacol. 129, 823-834.
    • (2000) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.129 , pp. 823-834
    • Bishop-Bailey, D.1
  • 13
    • 17844385363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo
    • Bogacka I., Xie H., Bray G. A. and Smith S. R. (2005) Pioglitazone induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Diabetes 54, 1392-1399.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1392-1399
    • Bogacka, I.1    Xie, H.2    Bray, G.A.3    Smith, S.R.4
  • 14
    • 34147182536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR: A new pharmacological target for neuroprotection in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases
    • Bordet R., Ouk T., Petrault O. et al. (2006) PPAR: a new pharmacological target for neuroprotection in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34, 1341-1346.
    • (2006) Biochem. Soc. Trans , vol.34 , pp. 1341-1346
    • Bordet, R.1    Ouk, T.2    Petrault, O.3
  • 15
    • 0036326074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective action of the peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
    • Breidert T., Callebert J., Heneka M. T., Landreth G., Launay J. M. and Hirsch E. C. (2002) Protective action of the peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 82, 615-624.
    • (2002) J. Neurochem , vol.82 , pp. 615-624
    • Breidert, T.1    Callebert, J.2    Heneka, M.T.3    Landreth, G.4    Launay, J.M.5    Hirsch, E.C.6
  • 16
    • 0033856825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR agonists as direct modulators of the vessel wall in cardiovascular disease
    • Buchan K. W. and Hassall D. G. (2000) PPAR agonists as direct modulators of the vessel wall in cardiovascular disease. Med. Res. Rev. 20, 350-366.
    • (2000) Med. Res. Rev , vol.20 , pp. 350-366
    • Buchan, K.W.1    Hassall, D.G.2
  • 17
    • 10044225937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma induces a clearance mechanism for the amyloid-beta peptide
    • Camacho I. E., Serneels L., Spittaels K., Merchiers P., Dominguez D. and De Strooper B. (2004) Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma induces a clearance mechanism for the amyloid-beta peptide. J. Neurosci. 24, 10908-10917.
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 10908-10917
    • Camacho, I.E.1    Serneels, L.2    Spittaels, K.3    Merchiers, P.4    Dominguez, D.5    De Strooper, B.6
  • 18
    • 34247346490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    • Cao Z., Ye P., Long C., Chen K., Li X. and Wang H. (2007) Effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Pharmacology 79, 184-192.
    • (2007) Pharmacology , vol.79 , pp. 184-192
    • Cao, Z.1    Ye, P.2    Long, C.3    Chen, K.4    Li, X.5    Wang, H.6
  • 19
    • 64549156611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Casper D., Yaparpalvi U., Rempel N. and Werner P. (2000) Ibuprofen protects dopaminergic neurons against glutamate toxicity in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 289, 201-204. Castrillo A. and Tontonoz P. (2004) Nuclear receptors in macrophage biology: at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20, 455-180.
    • Casper D., Yaparpalvi U., Rempel N. and Werner P. (2000) Ibuprofen protects dopaminergic neurons against glutamate toxicity in vitro. Neurosci. Lett. 289, 201-204. Castrillo A. and Tontonoz P. (2004) Nuclear receptors in macrophage biology: at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20, 455-180.
  • 22
    • 64549098311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chung J. H., Seo A. Y., Chung S. W., Kim M. K., Leeuwenburgh C., Yu B. P. and Chung H. Y. (2008) Molecular mechanism of PPAR in the regulation of age-related inflammation. Ageing Res. Rev. (In Press). Colca J. R., McDonald W. G., Waldon D. J., Leone J. W., Lull J. M., Bannow C. A., Lund E. T. and Mathews W. R. (2004) Identification of a novel mitochondrial protein ('mitoNEET') cross-linked specifically by a thiazolidinedione photoprobe. Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab. 286, E252-E260.
    • Chung J. H., Seo A. Y., Chung S. W., Kim M. K., Leeuwenburgh C., Yu B. P. and Chung H. Y. (2008) Molecular mechanism of PPAR in the regulation of age-related inflammation. Ageing Res. Rev. (In Press). Colca J. R., McDonald W. G., Waldon D. J., Leone J. W., Lull J. M., Bannow C. A., Lund E. T. and Mathews W. R. (2004) Identification of a novel mitochondrial protein ('mitoNEET') cross-linked specifically by a thiazolidinedione photoprobe. Am. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab. 286, E252-E260.
  • 23
    • 33749042331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional repression of PGC-1alpha by mutant huntingtin leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegen- eration
    • Cui L., Jeong H., Borovecki F., Parkhurst C. N., Tanese N. and Krainc D. (2006) Transcriptional repression of PGC-1alpha by mutant huntingtin leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegen- eration. Cell 127, 59-69.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , pp. 59-69
    • Cui, L.1    Jeong, H.2    Borovecki, F.3    Parkhurst, C.N.4    Tanese, N.5    Krainc, D.6
  • 26
    • 0036829946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective and neuro-restorative strategies for Parkinson's disease
    • Dawson T. M. and Dawson V. L. (2002) Neuroprotective and neuro-restorative strategies for Parkinson's disease. Nat. Neurosci. 5(Suppl), 1058-1061.
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci , vol.5 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1058-1061
    • Dawson, T.M.1    Dawson, V.L.2
  • 27
    • 0037240325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rare genetic mutations shed light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease
    • Dawson T. M. and Dawson V. L. (2003) Rare genetic mutations shed light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 145-151.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest , vol.111 , pp. 145-151
    • Dawson, T.M.1    Dawson, V.L.2
  • 28
    • 0347087323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation
    • Dehmer T., Heneka M. T., Sastre M., Dichgans J. and Schulz J. B. (2004) Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease correlates with I kappa B alpha induction and block of NF kappa B and iNOS activation. J. Neurochem. 88, 494-501.
    • (2004) J. Neurochem , vol.88 , pp. 494-501
    • Dehmer, T.1    Heneka, M.T.2    Sastre, M.3    Dichgans, J.4    Schulz, J.B.5
  • 30
    • 0033305213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Nuclear control of metabolism
    • Desvergne B. and Wahli W. (1999) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism. Endocr. Rev. 20, 649-688.
    • (1999) Endocr. Rev , vol.20 , pp. 649-688
    • Desvergne, B.1    Wahli, W.2
  • 31
    • 0024356620 scopus 로고
    • Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease
    • Dexter D. T., Wells F. R., Lees A. J., Agid F., Agid Y., Jenner P. and Marsden C. D. (1989a) Increased nigral iron content and alterations in other metal ions occurring in brain in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 52, 1830-1836.
    • (1989) J. Neurochem , vol.52 , pp. 1830-1836
    • Dexter, D.T.1    Wells, F.R.2    Lees, A.J.3    Agid, F.4    Agid, Y.5    Jenner, P.6    Marsden, C.D.7
  • 34
    • 40949102662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and redistribution of substrate partitioning mediate the acute insulin-sensitizing effects of troglitazone in skeletal muscle cells
    • Fediuc S., Pimenta A. S., Gaidhu M. P. and Ceddia R. B. (2008) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and redistribution of substrate partitioning mediate the acute insulin-sensitizing effects of troglitazone in skeletal muscle cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 2l5, 392-400.
    • (2008) J. Cell. Physiol , vol.2 l5 , pp. 392-400
    • Fediuc, S.1    Pimenta, A.S.2    Gaidhu, M.P.3    Ceddia, R.B.4
  • 36
    • 0031962268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased protein oxidation in human substantia nigra pars compacta in comparison with basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex measured with an improved dini- trophenylhydrazine assay
    • Floor E. and Wetzel M. G. (1998) Increased protein oxidation in human substantia nigra pars compacta in comparison with basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex measured with an improved dini- trophenylhydrazine assay. J. Neurochem. 70, 268-275.
    • (1998) J. Neurochem , vol.70 , pp. 268-275
    • Floor, E.1    Wetzel, M.G.2
  • 37
    • 37549060702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma up-regulates the Bcl-2 anti- apoptotic protein in neurons and induces mitochondrial stabilization and protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis
    • Fuenzalida K., Quintanilla R., Ramos P., Piderit D., Fuentealba R. A., Martinez G., Inestrosa N. C. and Bronfman M. (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma up-regulates the Bcl-2 anti- apoptotic protein in neurons and induces mitochondrial stabilization and protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 37006-37015.
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem , vol.282 , pp. 37006-37015
    • Fuenzalida, K.1    Quintanilla, R.2    Ramos, P.3    Piderit, D.4    Fuentealba, R.A.5    Martinez, G.6    Inestrosa, N.C.7    Bronfman, M.8
  • 38
    • 23844465238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders
    • Fukae J., Takanashi M., Kubo S., Nishioka K., Nakabeppu Y., Mori H., Mizuno Y. and Hattori N. (2005) Expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol. 109, 256-262.
    • (2005) Acta Neuropathol , vol.109 , pp. 256-262
    • Fukae, J.1    Takanashi, M.2    Kubo, S.3    Nishioka, K.4    Nakabeppu, Y.5    Mori, H.6    Mizuno, Y.7    Hattori, N.8
  • 40
    • 35348908406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic gene expression mapping clusters nuclear receptors according to their function in the brain
    • Gofflot F., Chartoire N., Vasseur L., Heikkinen S., Dembele D., Le Merrer J. and Auwerx J. (2007) Systematic gene expression mapping clusters nuclear receptors according to their function in the brain. Cell 131, 405-418.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , pp. 405-418
    • Gofflot, F.1    Chartoire, N.2    Vasseur, L.3    Heikkinen, S.4    Dembele, D.5    Le Merrer, J.6    Auwerx, J.7
  • 41
    • 3042815666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antineoplastic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists
    • Grommes C., Landreth G. E. and Heneka M. T. (2004) Antineoplastic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. Lancet Oncol. 5, 4 19-429.
    • (2004) Lancet Oncol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 19-429
    • Grommes, C.1    Landreth, G.E.2    Heneka, M.T.3
  • 42
    • 36549038966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR agonists: Multimodal drugs for the treatment of type-2 diabetes
    • Gross B. and Staels B. (2007) PPAR agonists: multimodal drugs for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 21, 687-710.
    • (2007) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab , vol.21 , pp. 687-710
    • Gross, B.1    Staels, B.2
  • 43
    • 0031859395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA transmission of the mitochondrial defect in Parkinson's disease
    • Gu M., Cooper J. M., Taanman J. W. and Schapira A. H. (1998) Mitochondrial DNA transmission of the mitochondrial defect in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 44, 177-186.
    • (1998) Ann. Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 177-186
    • Gu, M.1    Cooper, J.M.2    Taanman, J.W.3    Schapira, A.H.4
  • 45
    • 0029050583 scopus 로고
    • Low platelet mitochondrial complex I and complex II/III activity in early untreated Parkinson's disease
    • Haas R. H., Nasirian F., Nakano K., Ward D., Pay M., Hill R. and Shults C. W. (1995) Low platelet mitochondrial complex I and complex II/III activity in early untreated Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 37, 714-722.
    • (1995) Ann. Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 714-722
    • Haas, R.H.1    Nasirian, F.2    Nakano, K.3    Ward, D.4    Pay, M.5    Hill, R.6    Shults, C.W.7
  • 46
    • 33846653083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: A novel target for cancer therapeutics?
    • Han S. and Roman J. (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: a novel target for cancer therapeutics? Anticancer Drugs 18, 237-244.
    • (2007) Anticancer Drugs , vol.18 , pp. 237-244
    • Han, S.1    Roman, J.2
  • 47
    • 40949093618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic potential of peroxisome pro- liferators-activated receptor-alpha/gamma dual agonist with alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of diabetes
    • Han K. L., Choi J. S., Lee J. Y., Song J., Joe M. K., Jung M. H. and Hwang J. K. (2008) Therapeutic potential of peroxisome pro- liferators-activated receptor-alpha/gamma dual agonist with alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress for the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes 57, 737-745.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 737-745
    • Han, K.L.1    Choi, J.S.2    Lee, J.Y.3    Song, J.4    Joe, M.K.5    Jung, M.H.6    Hwang, J.K.7
  • 48
    • 12944250987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-3: A vulnerability factor and final effector in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease
    • Hartmann A., Hunot S., Michel P. P. et al. (2000) Caspase-3: a vulnerability factor and final effector in apoptotic death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2875-2880.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 2875-2880
    • Hartmann, A.1    Hunot, S.2    Michel, P.P.3
  • 51
    • 0035132169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in Alzheimer's disease
    • Heneka M. T., Landreth G. E. and Feinstein D. L. (2001) Role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 49, 276.
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 276
    • Heneka, M.T.1    Landreth, G.E.2    Feinstein, D.L.3
  • 53
    • 34548494847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug insight: Effects mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in CNS disorders
    • Heneka M. T., Landreth G. E. and Hull M. (2007) Drug insight: effects mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in CNS disorders. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 3, 496-504.
    • (2007) Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 496-504
    • Heneka, M.T.1    Landreth, G.E.2    Hull, M.3
  • 54
    • 38849104805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) and inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) attenuate colon carci- nogenesis through independent signaling mechanisms
    • Hollingshead H. E., Borland M. G., Billin A. N., Willson T. M., Gonzalez F. J. and Peters J. M. (2008) Ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) and inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) attenuate colon carci- nogenesis through independent signaling mechanisms. Carcino- genesis 29, 169-176.
    • (2008) Carcino- genesis , vol.29 , pp. 169-176
    • Hollingshead, H.E.1    Borland, M.G.2    Billin, A.N.3    Willson, T.M.4    Gonzalez, F.J.5    Peters, J.M.6
  • 56
    • 33847005101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegen- eration in the nigrostriatal system
    • Hunter R. L., Dragicevic N., Seifert K., Choi D. Y., Liu M., Kim H. C., Cass W. A., Sullivan P. G. and Bing G. (2007) Inflammation induces mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegen- eration in the nigrostriatal system. J. Neurochem. 100, 1375-1386.
    • (2007) J. Neurochem , vol.100 , pp. 1375-1386
    • Hunter, R.L.1    Dragicevic, N.2    Seifert, K.3    Choi, D.Y.4    Liu, M.5    Kim, H.C.6    Cass, W.A.7    Sullivan, P.G.8    Bing, G.9
  • 57
    • 39149116014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective properties afforded by pioglitazone against intrastriatal LPS in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Hunter R. L., Choi D. Y., Ross S. A. and Bing G. (2008) Protective properties afforded by pioglitazone against intrastriatal LPS in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurosci. Lett. 432, 198-201.
    • (2008) Neurosci. Lett , vol.432 , pp. 198-201
    • Hunter, R.L.1    Choi, D.Y.2    Ross, S.A.3    Bing, G.4
  • 59
    • 0031899172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative mechanisms in nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease
    • Jenner P. (1998) Oxidative mechanisms in nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 13(Suppl 1), 24-34.
    • (1998) Mov. Disord , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 24-34
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 60
    • 0031888958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines
    • Jiang C., Ting A. T. and Seed B. (1998) PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. Nature 391, 82-86.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 82-86
    • Jiang, C.1    Ting, A.T.2    Seed, B.3
  • 61
    • 36949038203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic implications
    • Jiang Q., Heneka M. and Landreth G. E. (2008) The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. CNS Drugs 22, 1-14.
    • (2008) CNS Drugs , vol.22 , pp. 1-14
    • Jiang, Q.1    Heneka, M.2    Landreth, G.E.3
  • 63
    • 33846610917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production
    • Jung T. W., Lee J. Y., Shim W. S., Kang E. S., Kim S. K., Ahn C. W., Lee H. C. and Cha B. S. (2007) Rosiglitazone protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ induced cytotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. J.Neurol. Sci. 253, 53-60.
    • (2007) J.Neurol. Sci , vol.253 , pp. 53-60
    • Jung, T.W.1    Lee, J.Y.2    Shim, W.S.3    Kang, E.S.4    Kim, S.K.5    Ahn, C.W.6    Lee, H.C.7    Cha, B.S.8
  • 64
    • 0242587820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A CBP integrator complex mediates transcriptional activation and AP-1 inhibition by nuclear receptors, 403-U4
    • Kamei Y., Xu L., Heinzel T. et al. (1996) A CBP integrator complex mediates transcriptional activation and AP-1 inhibition by nuclear receptors. Cell 85, 403-U4.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85
    • Kamei, Y.1    Xu, L.2    Heinzel, T.3
  • 65
    • 38449085356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of anti- inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of PPAR-gamma agonists
    • Kapadia R., Yi J. H. and Vemuganti R. (2008) Mechanisms of anti- inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of PPAR-gamma agonists. Front Biosci. 13, 1813-1826.
    • (2008) Front Biosci , vol.13 , pp. 1813-1826
    • Kapadia, R.1    Yi, J.H.2    Vemuganti, R.3
  • 66
    • 11844269951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist extends survival in transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Kiaei M., Kipiani K., Chen J., Calingasan N. Y. and Beal M. F. (2005) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist extends survival in transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp. Neurol. 191, 331-336.
    • (2005) Exp. Neurol , vol.191 , pp. 331-336
    • Kiaei, M.1    Kipiani, K.2    Chen, J.3    Calingasan, N.Y.4    Beal, M.F.5
  • 68
    • 33646351299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons
    • Kraytsberg Y., Kudryavtseva E., McKee A. C., Geula C., Kowall N. W. and Khrapko K. (2006) Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and cause functional impairment in aged human substantia nigra neurons. Nat. Genet. 38, 518-520.
    • (2006) Nat. Genet , vol.38 , pp. 518-520
    • Kraytsberg, Y.1    Kudryavtseva, E.2    McKee, A.C.3    Geula, C.4    Kowall, N.W.5    Khrapko, K.6
  • 69
    • 33846641782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-lowering drugs in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Fenofibrate has a neuroprotective effect, whereas bezafibrate and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors do not
    • Kreisler A., Gele P., Wiart J. F., Lhermitte M., Destee A. and Bordet R. (2007) Lipid-lowering drugs in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: fenofibrate has a neuroprotective effect, whereas bezafibrate and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors do not. Brain Res. 1135, 77-84.
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1135 , pp. 77-84
    • Kreisler, A.1    Gele, P.2    Wiart, J.F.3    Lhermitte, M.4    Destee, A.5    Bordet, R.6
  • 71
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • Langston J. W., Ballard P., Tetrud J. W. and Irwin I. (1983) Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219, 979-980.
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 72
    • 33947606773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thiazolidinediones on stroke recovery: A case-matched controlled study
    • Lee J. and Reding M. (2007) Effects of thiazolidinediones on stroke recovery: a case-matched controlled study. Neurochem. Res. 32, 635-638.
    • (2007) Neurochem. Res , vol.32 , pp. 635-638
    • Lee, J.1    Reding, M.2
  • 73
    • 0031013395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs
    • Lehmann J. M., Lenhard J. M., Oliver B. B., Ringold G. M. and Kliewer S. A. (1997) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3406-3410.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem , vol.272 , pp. 3406-3410
    • Lehmann, J.M.1    Lenhard, J.M.2    Oliver, B.B.3    Ringold, G.M.4    Kliewer, S.A.5
  • 75
    • 33846460819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liang C. L., Wang T. T., Luby-Phelps K. and German D. C. (2007) Mitochondria mass is low in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons: implications for Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 203, 370-380. Lin M. T. and Beal M. F. (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443, 787-795.
    • Liang C. L., Wang T. T., Luby-Phelps K. and German D. C. (2007) Mitochondria mass is low in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons: implications for Parkinson's disease. Exp. Neurol. 203, 370-380. Lin M. T. and Beal M. F. (2006) Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 443, 787-795.
  • 76
    • 33645323521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection against focal ischemic brain injury by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma agonist rosiglitazone
    • Luo Y., Yin W., Signore A. P., Zhang F., Hong Z., Wang S., Graham S. H. and Chen J. (2006) Neuroprotection against focal ischemic brain injury by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma agonist rosiglitazone. J. Neurochem. 97, 435-448.
    • (2006) J. Neurochem , vol.97 , pp. 435-448
    • Luo, Y.1    Yin, W.2    Signore, A.P.3    Zhang, F.4    Hong, Z.5    Wang, S.6    Graham, S.H.7    Chen, J.8
  • 78
    • 0023789193 scopus 로고
    • Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains
    • McGeer P. L., Itagaki S., Boyes B. E. and McGeer E. G. (1988) Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 38, 1285-1291.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 1285-1291
    • McGeer, P.L.1    Itagaki, S.2    Boyes, B.E.3    McGeer, E.G.4
  • 79
    • 33750462349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McGill J. K. and Beal M. F. (2006) PGC-1alpha, a new therapeutic target in Huntington's disease? Cell 127, 465-468. McNaught K. S., Olanow C. W., Halliwell B., Isacson O. and Jenner P. (2001) Failure of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 589-594.
    • McGill J. K. and Beal M. F. (2006) PGC-1alpha, a new therapeutic target in Huntington's disease? Cell 127, 465-468. McNaught K. S., Olanow C. W., Halliwell B., Isacson O. and Jenner P. (2001) Failure of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2, 589-594.
  • 80
    • 0037025111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of 20S proteasome alpha-subunits in the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease
    • McNaught K. S., Belizaire R., Jenner P., Olanow C. W. and Isacson O. (2002) Selective loss of 20S proteasome alpha-subunits in the substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 326, 155-158.
    • (2002) Neurosci. Lett , vol.326 , pp. 155-158
    • McNaught, K.S.1    Belizaire, R.2    Jenner, P.3    Olanow, C.W.4    Isacson, O.5
  • 82
    • 34248598448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone improves anatomical and locomotor recovery after rodent spinal cord injury
    • McTigue D. M., Tripathi R., Wei P. and Lash A. T. (2007) The PPAR gamma agonist Pioglitazone improves anatomical and locomotor recovery after rodent spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol. 205, 396-406.
    • (2007) Exp. Neurol , vol.205 , pp. 396-406
    • McTigue, D.M.1    Tripathi, R.2    Wei, P.3    Lash, A.T.4
  • 83
    • 18044380520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrograde dopaminergic neuron degeneration following intrastriatal protea- some inhibition
    • Miwa H., Kubo T., Suzuki A., Nishi K. and Kondo T. (2005) Retrograde dopaminergic neuron degeneration following intrastriatal protea- some inhibition. Neurosci. Lett. 380, 93-98.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Lett , vol.380 , pp. 93-98
    • Miwa, H.1    Kubo, T.2    Suzuki, A.3    Nishi, K.4    Kondo, T.5
  • 85
    • 0034023082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain
    • Mogi M., Togari A., Kondo T., Mizuno Y., Komure O., Kuno S., Ichinose H. and Nagatsu T. (2000) Caspase activities and tumor necrosis factor receptor R1 (p55) level are elevated in the substantia nigra from parkinsonian brain. J. Neural Transm. 107, 335-341.
    • (2000) J. Neural Transm , vol.107 , pp. 335-341
    • Mogi, M.1    Togari, A.2    Kondo, T.3    Mizuno, Y.4    Komure, O.5    Kuno, S.6    Ichinose, H.7    Nagatsu, T.8
  • 86
    • 33846920571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53 protein, interferon-gamma, and NF-kappaB levels are elevated in the par- kinsonian brain
    • Mogi M., Kondo T., Mizuno Y. and Nagatsu T. (2007) p53 protein, interferon-gamma, and NF-kappaB levels are elevated in the par- kinsonian brain. Neurosci. Lett. 414, 94-97.
    • (2007) Neurosci. Lett , vol.414 , pp. 94-97
    • Mogi, M.1    Kondo, T.2    Mizuno, Y.3    Nagatsu, T.4
  • 87
    • 33947384595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ezetimibe and fenofibrate combination therapy for mixed hyperlipidemia
    • Moon Y. S., Chun P. and Chung S. (2007) Ezetimibe and fenofibrate combination therapy for mixed hyperlipidemia. Drugs Today (Barc) 43, 35-45.
    • (2007) Drugs Today (Barc) , vol.43 , pp. 35-45
    • Moon, Y.S.1    Chun, P.2    Chung, S.3
  • 88
    • 0034525420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson's disease
    • Nagatsu T., Mogi M., Ichinose H. and Togari A. (2000) Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson's disease. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 60, 277-290.
    • (2000) J. Neural Transm. Suppl , vol.60 , pp. 277-290
    • Nagatsu, T.1    Mogi, M.2    Ichinose, H.3    Togari, A.4
  • 89
    • 34547689744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAR/RXR and PPAR/RXR signaling in spinal cord injury
    • van Neerven S. and Mey J. (2007) RAR/RXR and PPAR/RXR signaling in spinal cord injury. PPAR Res. 2007, 29275.
    • (2007) PPAR Res , vol.2007 , pp. 29275
    • van Neerven, S.1    Mey, J.2
  • 90
    • 36749045925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists as potential therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis
    • Niino M. (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists as potential therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 7, 1129-1135.
    • (2007) Mini Rev. Med. Chem , vol.7 , pp. 1129-1135
    • Niino, M.1
  • 92
    • 0037053326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator-1 recruitment regulates PPAR subtype specificity
    • Oberkofler H., Esterbauer H., Linnemayr V., Strosberg A. D., Krempler F. and Patsch W. (2002) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator-1 recruitment regulates PPAR subtype specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 16750-16757.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 16750-16757
    • Oberkofler, H.1    Esterbauer, H.2    Linnemayr, V.3    Strosberg, A.D.4    Krempler, F.5    Patsch, W.6
  • 93
    • 35448995690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MitoNEET is a uniquely folded 2Fe 2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein stabilized by pioglitazone
    • Paddock M. L., Wiley S. E., Axelrod H. L. et al. (2007) MitoNEET is a uniquely folded 2Fe 2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein stabilized by pioglitazone. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 14342-14347.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 14342-14347
    • Paddock, M.L.1    Wiley, S.E.2    Axelrod, H.L.3
  • 94
    • 33847093475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione class of per- oxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists prevents neuronal damage, motor dysfunction, myelin loss, neuropathic pain, and inflammation after spinal cord injury in adult rats
    • Park S. W., Yi J. H., Miranpuri G., Satriotomo I., Bowen K., Resnick D. K. and Vemuganti R. (2007) Thiazolidinedione class of per- oxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists prevents neuronal damage, motor dysfunction, myelin loss, neuropathic pain, and inflammation after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320, 1002-1012.
    • (2007) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.320 , pp. 1002-1012
    • Park, S.W.1    Yi, J.H.2    Miranpuri, G.3    Satriotomo, I.4    Bowen, K.5    Resnick, D.K.6    Vemuganti, R.7
  • 95
    • 33748702268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear receptors versus inflammation: Mechanisms of transrepression
    • Pascual G. and Glass C. K. (2006) Nuclear receptors versus inflammation: mechanisms of transrepression. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17, 321-327.
    • (2006) Trends Endocrinol. Metab , vol.17 , pp. 321-327
    • Pascual, G.1    Glass, C.K.2
  • 96
    • 9644268167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance contributes to aberrant stress responses in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Pedersen W. A. and Flynn E. R. (2004) Insulin resistance contributes to aberrant stress responses in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 17, 500-506.
    • (2004) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.17 , pp. 500-506
    • Pedersen, W.A.1    Flynn, E.R.2
  • 98
    • 0032549811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis
    • Puigserver P., Wu Z., Park C. W., Graves R., Wright M. and Spiegelman B. M. (1998) A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell 92, 829-839.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 829-839
    • Puigserver, P.1    Wu, Z.2    Park, C.W.3    Graves, R.4    Wright, M.5    Spiegelman, B.M.6
  • 99
    • 0034569799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, coactivators, and downstream targets
    • Qi C., Zhu Y. and Reddy J. K. (2000) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, coactivators, and downstream targets. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 32, 187-204.
    • (2000) Cell Biochem. Biophys , vol.32 , pp. 187-204
    • Qi, C.1    Zhu, Y.2    Reddy, J.K.3
  • 100
    • 39449114610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones: Effects on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system
    • Quinn C. E., Hamilton P. K., Lockhart C. J. and McVeigh G. E. (2008a) Thiazolidinediones: effects on insulin resistance and the cardiovascular system. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153, 636-645.
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.153 , pp. 636-645
    • Quinn, C.E.1    Hamilton, P.K.2    Lockhart, C.J.3    McVeigh, G.E.4
  • 101
    • 42949100802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PPAR- gamma agonist pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease through inhibition ofmonoamine oxidase B
    • In Press
    • Quinn L. P., Crook B., Hows M. E., Vidgeon-Hart M., Chapman H., Upton N., Medhurst A. D. and Virley D. J.(2008b) The PPAR- gamma agonist pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease through inhibition ofmonoamine oxidase B. Br. J. Pharmacol. (In Press).
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol
    • Quinn, L.P.1    Crook, B.2    Hows, M.E.3    Vidgeon-Hart, M.4    Chapman, H.5    Upton, N.6    Medhurst, A.D.7    Virley, D.J.8
  • 102
    • 0034939632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: An adaptive metabolic system
    • Reddy J. K. and Hashimoto T. (2001) Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: an adaptive metabolic system. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 21, 193-230.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 193-230
    • Reddy, J.K.1    Hashimoto, T.2
  • 103
    • 33645828659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid metabolism and liver inflammation. II. Fatty liver disease and fatty acid oxidation
    • Reddy J. K. and Rao M. S. (2006) Lipid metabolism and liver inflammation. II. Fatty liver disease and fatty acid oxidation. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 290, G852-G858.
    • (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol , vol.290
    • Reddy, J.K.1    Rao, M.S.2
  • 104
    • 0031886864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation
    • Ricote M., Li A. C., Willson T. M., Kelly C. J. and Glass C. K. (1998) The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. Nature 391, 79-82.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 79-82
    • Ricote, M.1    Li, A.C.2    Willson, T.M.3    Kelly, C.J.4    Glass, C.K.5
  • 106
    • 31044445398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs repress beta-secretase gene promoter activity by the activation of PPARgamma
    • Sastre M., Dewachter I., Rossner S. et al. (2006) Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs repress beta-secretase gene promoter activity by the activation of PPARgamma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 443-448.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 443-448
    • Sastre, M.1    Dewachter, I.2    Rossner, S.3
  • 107
    • 34250716407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Schapira A. H. (2007) Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Differ. 14, 1261-1266.
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 1261-1266
    • Schapira, A.H.1
  • 108
    • 37049004489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
    • Schapira A. H. (2008) Mitochondria in the aetiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 7, 97-109.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 97-109
    • Schapira, A.H.1
  • 110
    • 23944490153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oral antidiabetic pioglitazone protects from neurode-generation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms in su- peroxide dismutase-G93A transgenic mice
    • Schutz B., Reimann J., Dumitrescu-Ozimek L., Kappes-Horn K., Landreth G. E., Schurmann B., Zimmer A. and Heneka M. T. (2005) The oral antidiabetic pioglitazone protects from neurode-generation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms in su- peroxide dismutase-G93A transgenic mice. J. Neurosci. 25, 7805-7812.
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 7805-7812
    • Schutz, B.1    Reimann, J.2    Dumitrescu-Ozimek, L.3    Kappes-Horn, K.4    Landreth, G.E.5    Schurmann, B.6    Zimmer, A.7    Heneka, M.T.8
  • 112
    • 0028075410 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia
    • Sian J., Dexter D. T., Lees A. J., Daniel S., Agid Y., Javoy-Agid F., Jenner P. and Marsden C. D. (1994b) Alterations in glutathione levels in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders affecting basal ganglia. Ann. Neurol. 36, 348-355.
    • (1994) Ann. Neurol , vol.36 , pp. 348-355
    • Sian, J.1    Dexter, D.T.2    Lees, A.J.3    Daniel, S.4    Agid, Y.5    Javoy-Agid, F.6    Jenner, P.7    Marsden, C.D.8
  • 113
    • 0030894301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression
    • Silva J. E. and Rabelo R. (1997) Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 136, 251-264.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Endocrinol , vol.136 , pp. 251-264
    • Silva, J.E.1    Rabelo, R.2
  • 114
    • 64549121237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simon D. K., Lin M. T., Zheng L., Liu G. J., Ahn C. H., Kim L. M., Mauck W. M., Twu F., Beal M. F. and Johns D. R. (2004) Somatic
    • Simon D. K., Lin M. T., Zheng L., Liu G. J., Ahn C. H., Kim L. M., Mauck W. M., Twu F., Beal M. F. and Johns D. R. (2004) Somatic
  • 115
    • 10744231633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mitochondrial DNA mutations in cortex and substantia nigra in aging and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 25, 71-81.
    • mitochondrial DNA mutations in cortex and substantia nigra in aging and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 25, 71-81.
  • 116
    • 33749999530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators
    • St-Pierre J., Drori S., Uldry M. et al. (2006) Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell 127, 397-408.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.127 , pp. 397-408
    • St-Pierre, J.1    Drori, S.2    Uldry, M.3
  • 117
    • 0035053973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: New insights on biological activities and cellular targets
    • Straus D. S. and Glass C. K. (2001) Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: new insights on biological activities and cellular targets. Med. Res. Rev. 21, 185-210.
    • (2001) Med. Res. Rev , vol.21 , pp. 185-210
    • Straus, D.S.1    Glass, C.K.2
  • 118
    • 36049034344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory actions of PPAR ligands: New insights on cellular and molecular mechanisms
    • Straus D. S. and Glass C. K. (2007) Anti-inflammatory actions of PPAR ligands: new insights on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Trends Immunol. 28, 551-558.
    • (2007) Trends Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 551-558
    • Straus, D.S.1    Glass, C.K.2
  • 120
    • 33744994576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR-gamma as a therapeutic target in central nervous system diseases
    • Sundararajan S., Jiang Q., Heneka M. and Landreth G. (2006) PPAR-gamma as a therapeutic target in central nervous system diseases. Neurochem. Int. 49, 136-144.
    • (2006) Neurochem. Int , vol.49 , pp. 136-144
    • Sundararajan, S.1    Jiang, Q.2    Heneka, M.3    Landreth, G.4
  • 121
    • 35348966882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Potential environmental triggers, pathways, and targets for early therapeutic intervention
    • Tansey M. G., McCoy M. K. and Frank-Cannon T. C. (2007) Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: potential environmental triggers, pathways, and targets for early therapeutic intervention. Exp. Neurol. 208, 1-25.
    • (2007) Exp. Neurol , vol.208 , pp. 1-25
    • Tansey, M.G.1    McCoy, M.K.2    Frank-Cannon, T.C.3
  • 122
    • 15544365143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotenone induces oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron damage in organotypic substantia nigra cultures
    • Testa C. M., Sherer T. B. and Greenamyre J. T. (2005) Rotenone induces oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron damage in organotypic substantia nigra cultures. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 134, 109-118.
    • (2005) Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res , vol.134 , pp. 109-118
    • Testa, C.M.1    Sherer, T.B.2    Greenamyre, J.T.3
  • 123
    • 37349004102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease
    • Thomas B. and Beal M. F. (2007) Parkinson's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16 Spec No. 2, R183-R194.
    • (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet , vol.16 , Issue.SPEC 2
    • Thomas, B.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 124
    • 33947204503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce neuroprotection following transient focal ischemia in normotensive, normoglycemic as well as hypertensive and type-2 diabetic rodents
    • Tureyen K., Kapadia R., Bowen K. K., Satriotomo I., Liang J., Feinstein D. L. and Vemuganti R. (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induce neuroprotection following transient focal ischemia in normotensive, normoglycemic as well as hypertensive and type-2 diabetic rodents. J. Neurochem. 101, 41-56.
    • (2007) J. Neurochem , vol.101 , pp. 41-56
    • Tureyen, K.1    Kapadia, R.2    Bowen, K.K.3    Satriotomo, I.4    Liang, J.5    Feinstein, D.L.6    Vemuganti, R.7
  • 125
    • 33947314469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troglitazone and pioglitazone interactions via PPAR-gamma-in- dependent and -dependent pathways in regulating physiological responses in renal tubule-derived cell lines
    • Turturro F., Oliver III R., Friday E., Nissim I. and Welbourne T. (2007) Troglitazone and pioglitazone interactions via PPAR-gamma-in- dependent and -dependent pathways in regulating physiological responses in renal tubule-derived cell lines. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 292, C1137-C1146.
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol , vol.292
    • Turturro, F.1    Oliver III, R.2    Friday, E.3    Nissim, I.4    Welbourne, T.5
  • 126
    • 35048833701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands in the treatment of hematological malignancies
    • Ulivieri C. and Baldari C. T. (2007) The potential of peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 7, 877-887.
    • (2007) Mini Rev. Med. Chem , vol.7 , pp. 877-887
    • Ulivieri, C.1    Baldari, C.T.2
  • 127
    • 0033977890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coactivator PGC- 1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes
    • Vega R. B., Huss J. M. and Kelly D. P. (2000) The coactivator PGC- 1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1868-1876.
    • (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1868-1876
    • Vega, R.B.1    Huss, J.M.2    Kelly, D.P.3
  • 128
    • 42749100308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARs in the control of uncoupling proteins gene expression
    • Villarroya F., Iglesias R. and Giralt M. (2007) PPARs in the control of uncoupling proteins gene expression. PPAR Res. 2007, 74364.
    • (2007) PPAR Res , vol.2007 , pp. 74364
    • Villarroya, F.1    Iglesias, R.2    Giralt, M.3
  • 129
    • 36849034568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPAR-gamma regulates osteoclastogenesis in mice
    • Wan Y., Chong L. W. and Evans R. M. (2007) PPAR-gamma regulates osteoclastogenesis in mice. Nat. Med. 13, 1496-1503.
    • (2007) Nat. Med , vol.13 , pp. 1496-1503
    • Wan, Y.1    Chong, L.W.2    Evans, R.M.3
  • 130
    • 60049089585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rosiglitazone on Kruppul- like factor 6(KLF6) signaling in the livers of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis
    • Wang X. M. and Chen D. F. (2007) Effects of rosiglitazone on Kruppul- like factor 6(KLF6) signaling in the livers of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 15, 649-653.
    • (2007) Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi , vol.15 , pp. 649-653
    • Wang, X.M.1    Chen, D.F.2
  • 131
    • 0037199943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor gamma can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival
    • Wang Y. L., Frauwirth K. A., Rangwala S. M., Lazar M. A. and Thompson C. B. (2002) Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome pro- liferator-activated receptor gamma can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31781-31788.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , pp. 31781-31788
    • Wang, Y.L.1    Frauwirth, K.A.2    Rangwala, S.M.3    Lazar, M.A.4    Thompson, C.B.5
  • 132
    • 33644592598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserved cognition in patients with early Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment during treatment with rosiglitazone: A preliminary study
    • Watson G. S., Cholerton B. A., Reger M. A. et al. (2005) Preserved cognition in patients with early Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment during treatment with rosiglitazone: a preliminary study. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 13, 950-958.
    • (2005) Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 950-958
    • Watson, G.S.1    Cholerton, B.A.2    Reger, M.A.3
  • 133
    • 34748896047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NSAIDs: Small molecules for prevention of Alzheimer's disease or precursors for future drug development?
    • Weggen S., Rogers M. and Eriksen J. (2007) NSAIDs: small molecules for prevention of Alzheimer's disease or precursors for future drug development? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 28, 536-543.
    • (2007) Trends Pharmacol. Sci , vol.28 , pp. 536-543
    • Weggen, S.1    Rogers, M.2    Eriksen, J.3
  • 134
    • 33750437278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory and metabolic defects in Huntington's disease transgenic mice implicate PGC-1alpha in Huntington's disease neurodegeneration
    • Weydt P., Pineda V. V., Torrence A. E. et al. (2006) Thermoregulatory and metabolic defects in Huntington's disease transgenic mice implicate PGC-1alpha in Huntington's disease neurodegeneration. Cell Metab. 4, 349-362.
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.4 , pp. 349-362
    • Weydt, P.1    Pineda, V.V.2    Torrence, A.E.3
  • 135
    • 34248359155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MitoNEET is an iron-containing outer mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates oxidative capacity
    • Wiley S. E., Murphy A. N., Ross S. A., van der Geer P. and Dixon J. E. (2007) MitoNEET is an iron-containing outer mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates oxidative capacity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 5318-5323.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 5318-5323
    • Wiley, S.E.1    Murphy, A.N.2    Ross, S.A.3    van der Geer, P.4    Dixon, J.E.5
  • 137
  • 138
    • 34547855113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and ciglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, on the growth of human ovarian cancers
    • Xin B., Yokoyama Y., Shigeto T., Futagami M. and Mizunuma H. (2007) Inhibitory effect of meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and ciglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, on the growth of human ovarian cancers. Cancer 110, 791-800.
    • (2007) Cancer , vol.110 , pp. 791-800
    • Xin, B.1    Yokoyama, Y.2    Shigeto, T.3    Futagami, M.4    Mizunuma, H.5
  • 139
    • 36749097843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection with pioglita- zone against LPS insult on dopaminergic neurons may be associated with its inhibition of NF-kappaB and JNK activation and suppression of COX-2 activity
    • Xing B., Liu M. and Bing G. (2007) Neuroprotection with pioglita- zone against LPS insult on dopaminergic neurons may be associated with its inhibition of NF-kappaB and JNK activation and suppression of COX-2 activity. J. Neuroimmunol. 192, 89-98.
    • (2007) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.192 , pp. 89-98
    • Xing, B.1    Liu, M.2    Bing, G.3
  • 140
    • 41149177024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase is associated with altered activity of p38 MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt
    • Xing B., Xin T., Hunter R. L. and Bing G. (2008) Pioglitazone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase is associated with altered activity of p38 MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt. J. Neu- roinflammation 5,4.
    • (2008) J. Neu- roinflammation , vol.5 , pp. 4
    • Xing, B.1    Xin, T.2    Hunter, R.L.3    Bing, G.4
  • 142
    • 20144389524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregated alpha-synuclein activates microglia: A process leading to disease progression in Parkinson's disease
    • Zhang W., Wang T., Pei Z. et al. (2005) Aggregated alpha-synuclein activates microglia: a process leading to disease progression in Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. 19, 533-542.
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , pp. 533-542
    • Zhang, W.1    Wang, T.2    Pei, Z.3
  • 143
    • 37549038650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinoid metabolism and nuclear receptor responses: New insights into coordinated regulation of the PPAR-RXR complex
    • Ziouzenkova O. and Plutzky J. (2008) Retinoid metabolism and nuclear receptor responses: new insights into coordinated regulation of the PPAR-RXR complex. FEBS Lett. 582, 32-38.
    • (2008) FEBS Lett , vol.582 , pp. 32-38
    • Ziouzenkova, O.1    Plutzky, J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.