Focal adhesion kinase in neuritogenesis

Intracellular Mechanisms for Neuritogenesis

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 155-179

  Bonanomi, Dario ^a   Valtorta, Flavia ^a  

^a SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 49149090502     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68561-8_7     Document Type: Chapter

References (134)

1. Ahmad, F. J., Hughey, J., Wittmann, T., Hyman, A., Greaser, M., and Baas, P. W., 2000, Motor proteins regulate force interactions between microtubules and microfilaments in the axon, Nat. Cell Biol. 2:276-280.
2. Almeida, E. A., Ilic, D., Han, Q., Hauck, C. R., Jin, F., Kawakatsu, H., et al., 2000, Matrix survival signaling: From fibronectin via focal adhesion kinase to c-Jun. NH (2)-terminal kinase, J. Cell Biol. 149:741-754.
3. Andre, E., and Becker-Andre, M., 1993, Expression of an N-terminally truncated form of human focal adhesion kinase in brain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 190:140-147.
4. Angers-Loustau, A., Cote, J. F., Charest, A., Dowbenko, D., Spencer, S., Lasky, L. A., et al., 1999, Protein tyrosine phosphatase-PEST regulates focal adhesion disassembly, migration, and cytokinesis in fibroblasts, J. Cell Biol. 144:1019-1031.
5. Arregui, C. O., Carbonetto, S., and McKerracher, L., 1994, Characterization of neural cell adhesion sites: Point contacts are the sites of interaction between integrins and the cytoskeleton in PC12 cells, J. Neurosci. 14:6967-6977.
6. Bagri, A., Cheng, H. J., Yaron, A., Pleasure, S. J., and Tessier-Lavigne, M., 2003, Stereotyped pruning of long hippocampal axon branches triggered by retraction inducers of the semaphorin family, Cell 11:285-299.
7. Beggs, H. E., Soriano, P., and Maness, P. F., 1994, NCAM-dependent neurite outgrowth is inhibited in neurons from Fyn-minus mice, J. Cell Biol. 127:825-833.
8. Beggs, H. E., Baragona, S. C., Hemperly, J. J., and Maness, P. F., 1997, NCAM140 interacts with the focal adhesion kinase p125 (fak) and the SRC-related tyrosine kinase p59 (fyn), J. Biol. Chem. 272:8310-8319.
9. Beggs, H. E., Schahin-Reed, D., Zang, K., Goebbels, S., Nave, K. A., Gorski, J., et al., 2003, FAK deficiency in cells contributing to the basal lamina results in cortical abnormalities resembling congenital muscular dystrophies, Neuron 40:501-514.
10. Brodin, L., Low, P., and Shupliakov, O., 2000, Sequential steps in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10:312-320.
11. Burgaya, F., and Girault, J. A., 1996, Cloning of focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, from rat brain reveals multiple transcripts with different patterns of expression, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 37:63-73.
12. Burgaya, F., Menegon, A., Menegoz, M., Valtorta, F., and Girault, J. A., 1995, Focal adhesion kinase in rat central nervous system, Eur. J. Neurosci. 7:1810-1821.
13. Burgaya, F., Toutant, M., Studler, J. M., Costa, A., Le Bert, M., Gelman, M., et al., 1997, Alternatively spliced focal adhesion kinase in rat brain with increased autophosphorylation activity, J. Biol. Chem. 272:28720-28725.
14. Calalb, M. B., Polte, T. R., and Hanks, S. K., 1995, Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at sites in the catalytic domain regulates kinase activity: A role for Src family kinases, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:954-963.
15. Cance, W. G., Harris, J. E., Iacocca, M. V., Roche, E., Yang, X., Chang, J., et al., 2000, Immunohistochemical analyses of focal adhesion kinase expression in benign and malignant human breast and colon tissues: Correlation with preinvasive and invasive phenotypes, Clin. Cancer Res. 6:2417-2423.
16. Carragher, N. O., Westhoff, M. A., Fincham, V. J., Schaller, M. D., and Frame, M. C., 2003, A novel role for FAK as a protease-targeting adaptor protein: Regulation by p42 ERK and Src, Curr. Biol. 13:1442-1450.
17. Carter, N., Nakamoto, T., Hirai, H., and Hunter, T., 2002, EphrinA1-induced cytoskeletal re-organization requires FAK and p130 (cas), Nat. Cell Biol. 4:565-573.
18. Cary, L. A., Chang, J. F., and Guan, J. L., 1996, Stimulation of cell migration by overexpression of focal adhesion kinase and its association with Src and Fyn, J. Cell. Sci. 109(Pt. 7):1787-1794.
19. Cary, L. A., Han, D. C., Polte, T. R., Hanks, S. K., and Guan, J. L., 1998, Identification of p130Cas as a mediator of focal adhesion kinase-promoted cell migration, J. Cell Biol. 140:211-221.
20. Chen, R., Kim, O., Li, M., Xiong, X., Guan, J. L., Kung, H. J., et al., 2001, Regulation of the PH-domain-containing tyrosine kinase Etk by focal adhesion kinase through the FERM domain, Nat. Cell Biol. 3:439-444.
21. Chen, B. H., Tzen, J. T., Bresnick, A. R., and Chen, H. C., 2002, Roles of Rho-associated kinase and myosin light chain kinase in morphological and migratory defects of focal adhesion kinase-null cells, J. Biol. Chem. 277:33857-33863.
22. Cho, S. Y., and Klemke, R. L., 2002, Purification of pseudopodia from polarized cells reveals redistribution and activation of Rac through assembly of a CAS/Crk scaffold, J. Cell Biol. 156:725-736.
23. Cobb, B. S., Schaller, M. D., Leu, T. H., and Parsons, J. T., 1994, Stable association of pp60src and pp59fyn with the focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase, pp125FAK, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:147-155.
24. Contestabile, A., Bonanomi, D., Burgaya, F., Girault, J. A., and Valtorta, F., 2003, Localization of focal adhesion kinase isoforms in cells of the central nervous system, Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 21:83-93.
25. Cooper, L. A., Shen, T. L., and Guan, J. L., 2003, Regulation of focal adhesion kinase by its amino-terminal domain through an autoinhibitory interaction, Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:8030-8041.
26. Crowley, E., and Horwitz, A. F., 1995, Tyrosine phosphorylation and cytoskeletal tension regulate the release of fibroblast adhesions, J. Cell Biol. 131:525-537.
27. Culotti, J. G., and Merz, D. C., 1998, DCC and netrins, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:609-613.
28. De Curtis, I., and Malanchini, B., 1997, Integrin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and redistribution of paxillin during neuronal adhesion, Exp. Cell Res. 230:233-243.
29. Derkinderen, P., Toutant, M., Burgaya, F., Le Bert, M., Siciliano, J. C., De Franciscis, V., et al., 1996, Regulation of a neuronal form of focal adhesion kinase by anandamide, Science 273:1719-1722.
30. Derkinderen, P., Siciliano, J., Toutant, M., and Girault, J. A., 1998, Differential regulation of FAK+ and PYK2/Cakbeta, two related tyrosine kinases, in rat hippocampal slices: Effects of LPA, carbachol, depolarization and hyperosmolarity, Eur. J. Neurosci. 10:1667-1675.
31. Doherty, P., Fruns, M., Seaton, P., Dickson, G., Barton, C. H., Sears, T. A., et al., 1990, A threshold effect of the major isoforms of NCAM on neurite outgrowth, Nature 343:464-466.
32. Eliceiri, B. P., Puente, X. S., Hood, J. D., Stupack, D. G., Schlaepfer, D. D., Huang, X. Z., et al., 2002, Src-mediated coupling of focal adhesion kinase to integrin alpha (v) beta5 in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, J. Cell Biol. 157:149-160.
33. Felsenfeld, D. P., Schwartzberg, P. L., Venegas, A., Tse, R., and Sheetz, M. P., 1999, Selective regulation of integrin-cytoskeleton interactions by the tyrosine kinase Src, Nat. Cell Biol. 1:200-206.
34. Fincham, V. J., and Frame, M. C., 1998, The catalytic activity of Src is dispensable for translocation to focal adhesions but controls the turnover of these structures during cell motility, EMBO J. 17:81-92.
35. Furuta, Y., Ilic, D., Kanazawa, S., Takeda, N., Yamamoto, T., and Aizawa, S., 1995, Mesodermal defect in late phase of gastrulation by a targeted mutation of focal adhesion kinase, FAK, Oncogene 11:1989-1995.
36. Gao, P. P., Yue, Y., Cerretti, D. P., Dreyfus, C., and Zhou, R., 1999, Ephrin-dependent growth and pruning of hippocampal axons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4073-4077.
37. George, E. L., Georges-Labouesse, E. N., Patel-King, R. S., Rayburn, H., and Hynes, R. O., 1993, Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in mouse embryos lacking fibronectin, Development 119:1079-1091.
38. Giancotti, F. G., and Ruoslahti, E., 1999, Integrin signaling, Science 285:1028-1032.
39. Gilmore, A. P., and Romer, L. H., 1996, Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in focal adhesions decreases cell motility and proliferation, Mol. Biol. Cell 7:1209-1224.
40. Girault, J. A., Costa, A., Derkinderen, P., Studler, J. M., and Toutant, M., 1999a, FAK and PYK2/CAKbeta in the nervous system: A link between neuronal activity, plasticity and survival? Trends Neurosci. 22:257-263.
41. Girault, J. A., Labesse, G., Mornon, J. P., and Callebaut, I., 1999b, The N-termini of FAK and JAKs contain divergent band 4.1 domains, Trends Biochem. Sci. 24:54-57.
42. Guan, J. L., and Shalloway, D., 1992, Regulation of focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation, Nature 358:690-692.
43. Gundersen, G. G., and Cook, T. A., 1999, Microtubules and signal transduction, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:81-94.
44. Hall, A., 1998, Rho GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton, Science 279:509-514.
45. Han, D. C., and Guan, J. L., 1999, Association of focal adhesion kinase with Grb7 and its role in cell migration, J. Biol. Chem. 274:24425-24430.
46. Hanks, S. K., and Polte, T. R., 1997, Signaling through focal adhesion kinase, Bioessays 19:137-145.
47. Hanks, S. K., Calalb, M. B., Harper, M. C., and Patel, S. K., 1992, Focal adhesion proteintyrosine kinase phosphorylated in response to cell attachment to fibronectin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8487-8491.
48. Hauck, C. R., Sieg, D. J., Hsia, D. A., Loftus, J. C., Gaarde, W. A., Monia, B. P., et al., 2001, Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase expression or activity disrupts epidermal growth factor-stimulated signaling promoting the migration of invasive human carcinoma cells, Cancer Res. 61:7079-7090.
49. Hauck, C. R., Hsia, D. A., Ilic, D., and Schlaepfer, D. D., 2002, v-Src SH3-enhanced interaction with focal adhesion kinase at beta 1 integrin-containing invadopodia promotes cell invasion, J. Biol. Chem. 277:12487-12490.
50. Hayashi, I., Vuori, K., and Liddington, R. C., 2002, The focal adhesion targeting (FAT) region of focal adhesion kinase is a four-helix bundle that binds paxillin, Nat. Struct. Biol. 9:101-106.
51. Hildebrand, J. D., Schaller, M. D., and Parsons, J. T., 1993, Identification of sequences required for the efficient localization of the focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, to cellular focal adhesions, J. Cell Biol. 123:993-1005.
52. Hong, K., Hinck, L., Nishiyama, M., Poo, M. M., Tessier-Lavigne, M., and Stein, E., 1999, A ligand-gated association between cytoplasmic domains of UNC5 and DCC family receptors converts netrin-induced growth cone attraction to repulsion, Cell 97:927-941.
53. Hopker, V. H., Shewan, D., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Poo, M., and Holt, C., 1999, Growth-cone attraction to netrin-1 is converted to repulsion by laminin-1, Nature 401:69-73.
54. Hsia, D. A., Mitra, S. K., Hauck, C. R., Streblow, D. N., Nelson, J. A., Ilic, D., et al., 2003, Differential regulation of cell motility and invasion by FAK, J. Cell Biol. 160:753-767.
55. Hynes, R. O., 1992, Integrins: Versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion, Cell 69:11-25.
56. Hynes, R. O., 1999, Cell adhesion: Old and new questions, Trends Cell Biol. 9:M33-7.
57. Ignelzi, M. A., Jr., Miller, D. R., Soriano, P., and Maness, P. F., 1994, Impaired neurite outgrowth of src-minus cerebellar neurons on the cell adhesion molecule L1, Neuron 12:873-884.
58. Ilic, D., Furuta, Y., Kanazawa, S., Takeda, N., Sobue, K., Nakatsuji, N., et al., 1995, Reduced cell motility and enhanced focal adhesion contact formation in cells from FAK-deficient mice, Nature 377:539-544.
59. Ivankovic-Dikic, I., Gronroos, E., Blaukat, A., Barth, B. U., and Dikic, I., 2000, Pyk2 and FAK regulate neurite outgrowth induced by growth factors and integrins, Nat. Cell Biol. 2:574-581.
60. Jalink, K., Van Corven, E. J., Hengeveld, T., Morii, N., Narumiya, S., and Moolenaar, W. H., 1994, Inhibition of lysophosphatidate- and thrombin-induced neurite retraction and neuronal cell rounding by ADP ribosylation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho, J. Cell Biol. 126:801-810.
61. Kadare, G., Toutant, M., Formstecher, E., Corvol, J. C., Carnaud, M., Boutterin, M. C., et al., 2003, PIAS1-mediated sumoylation of focal adhesion kinase activates its autophosphorylation, J. Biol. Chem. 278:47434-47440.
62. Kim, B., and Feldman, E. L., 1998, Differential regulation of focal adhesion kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase tyrosine phosphorylation during insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization, J. Neurochem. 71:1333-1336.
63. Klemke, R. L., Leng, J., Molander, R., Brooks, P. C., Vuori, K., and Cheresh, D. A., 1998, CAS/Crk coupling serves as a "molecular switch" for induction of cell migration, J. Cell Biol. 140:961-972.
64. Kuhn, T. B., Schmidt, M. F., and Kater, S. B., 1995, Laminin and fibronectin guideposts signal sustained but opposite effects to passing growth cones, Neuron 14:275-285.
65. Lev, S., Moreno, H., Martinez, R., Canoll, P., Peles, E., Musacchio, J. M., et al., 1995, Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca (2+)-induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions, Nature 376:737-745.
66. Li, W., Lee, J., Vikis, H. G., Lee, S. H., Liu, G., Aurandt, J., et al., 2004, Activation of FAK and Src are receptor-proximal events required for netrin signaling, Nat. Neurosci. 7:1213-1221.
67. Lin, C. H., and Forscher, P., 1995, Growth cone advance is inversely proportional to retrograde F-actin flow, Neuron 14:763-771.
68. Lin, C. H., Thompson, C. A., and Forscher, P., 1994, Cytoskeletal reorganization underlying growth cone motility, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:640-647.
69. Liu, G., Beggs, H., Jurgensen, C., Park, H. T., Tang, H., Gorski, J., et al., 2004, Netrin requires focal adhesion kinase and Src family kinases for axon outgrowth and attraction, Nat. Neurosci. 7:1222-1232.
70. Markus, A., Patel, T. D., and Snider, W. D., 2002, Neurotrophic factors and axonal growth, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:523-531.
71. Maroney, A. C., Lipfert, L., Forbes, M. E., Glicksman, M. A., Neff, N. T., Siman, R., et al., 1995, K-252a induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase and neurite outgrowth in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, J. Neurochem. 64:540-549.
72. McKean, D. M., Sisbarro, L., Ilic, D., Kaplan-Alburquerque, N., Nemenoff, R., Weiser-Evans, M., et al., 2003, FAK induces expression of Prx1 to promote tenascin-C-dependent fibroblast migration, J. Cell Biol. 161:393-402.
73. Mellitzer, G., Xu, Q., and Wilkinson, D. G., 1999, Eph receptors and ephrins restrict cell intermingling and communication, Nature 400:77-81.
74. Menegon, A., Burgaya, F., Baudot, P., Dunlap, D. D., Girault, J. A., and Valtorta, F., 1999, FA K + and PYK2/CAKbeta, two related tyrosine kinases highly expressed in the central nervous system: Similarities and differences in the expression pattern, Eur. J. Neurosci. 11:3777-3788.
75. Miao, H., Burnett, E., Kinch, M., Simon, E., and Wang, B., 2000, Activation of EphA2 kinase suppresses integrin function and causes focal-adhesion-kinase dephosphorylation, Nat. Cell Biol. 2:62-69.
76. Mitchison, T. J., and Cramer, L. P., 1996, Actin-based cell motility and cell locomotion, Cell 84:371-379.
77. Mitra, S. K., Hanson, D. A., and Schlaepfer, D. D., 2005, Focal adhesion kinase: In command and control of cell motility, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6:56-68.
78. Miyamoto, S., Teramoto, H., Coso, O. A., Gutkind, J. S., Burbelo, P. D., Akiyama, S. K., et al., 1995, Integrin function: Molecular hierarchies of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules, J. Cell Biol. 131:791-805.
79. Mueller, B. K., 1999, Growth cone guidance: First steps towards a deeper understanding, Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 22:351-388.
80. Murai, K. K., Nguyen, L. N., Irie, F., Yamaguchi, Y., and Pasquale, E. B., 2003, Control of hippocampal dendritic spine morphology through ephrin-A3/EphA4 signaling, Nat. Neurosci. 6:153-160.
81. Nermut, M. V., Eason, P., Hirst, E. M., and Kellie, S., 1991, Cell/substratum adhesions in RSV-transformed rat fibroblasts, Exp. Cell Res. 193:382-397.
82. Nikolic, M., 2004, The molecular mystery of neuronal migration: FAK and Cdk5, Trends Cell Biol. 14:1-5.
83. Nobes, C. D., and Hall, A., 1999, Rho GTPases control polarity, protrusion, and adhesion during cell movement, J. Cell Biol. 144:1235-1244.
84. Palazzo, A. F., Cook, T. A., Alberts, A. S., and Gundersen, G. G., 2001, mDia mediates Rhoregulated formation and orientation of stable microtubules, Nat. Cell Biol. 3:723-729.
85. Palazzo, A. F., Eng, C. H., Schlaepfer, D. D., Marcantonio, E. E., and Gundersen, G. G., 2004, Localized stabilization of microtubules by integrin- and FAK-facilitated Rho signaling, Science 303:836-839.
86. Park, S. Y., Avraham, H., and Avraham, S., 2000, Characterization of the tyrosine kinases RAFTK/Pyk2 and FAK in nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation, J. Biol. Chem. 275:19768-19777.
87. Pasterkamp, R. J., and Kolodkin, A. L., 2003, Semaphorin junction: Making tracks toward neural connectivity, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 13:79-89.
88. Pasterkamp, R. J., Peschon, J. J., Spriggs, M. K., and Kolodkin, A. L., 2003, Semaphorin 7A promotes axon outgrowth through integrins and MAPKs, Nature 424:398-405.
89. Poullet, P., Gautreau, A., Kadare, G., Girault, J. A., Louvard, D., and Arpin, M., 2001, Ezrin interacts with focal adhesion kinase and induces its activation independently of cell-matrix adhesion, J. Biol. Chem. 276:37686-37691.
90. Ren, X. D., Kiosses, W. B., Sieg, D. J., Otey, C. A., Schlaepfer, D. D., and Schwartz, M. A., 2000, Focal adhesion kinase suppresses Rho activity to promote focal adhesion turnover, J. Cell. Sci. 113:3673-3678.
91. Ren, X. R., Ming, G. L., Xie, Y., Hong, Y., Sun, D. M., Zhao, Z. Q., et al., 2004, Focal adhesion kinase in netrin-1 signaling, Nat. Neurosci. 7:1204-1212.
92. Renaudin, A., Lehmann, M., Girault, J., and McKerracher, L., 1999, Organization of point contacts in neuronal growth cones, J. Neurosci. Res. 55:458-471.
93. Renshaw, M. W., Price, L. S., and Schwartz, M. A., 1999, Focal adhesion kinase mediates the integrin signaling requirement for growth factor activation of MAP kinase, J. Cell Biol. 147:611-618.
94. Richardson, A., and Parsons, T., 1996, A mechanism for regulation of the adhesionassociated proteintyrosine kinase pp125FAK, Nature 380:538-540.
95. Rico, B., Beggs, H. E., Schahin-Reed, D., Kimes, N., Schmidt, A., and Reichardt, L. F., 2004, Control of axonal branching and synapse formation by focal adhesion kinase, Nat. Neurosci. 7:1059-1069.
96. Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. L., and Rozengurt, E., 1998, Bombesin, vasopressin, lysophosphatidic acid, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine induce focal adhesion kinase activation in intact Swiss 3T3 cells, J. Biol. Chem. 273:19321-19328.
97. Schaller, M. D., Borgman, C. A., Cobb, B. S., Vines, R. R., Reynolds, A. B., and Parsons, J. T., 1992, pp125FAK a structurally distinctive protein-tyrosine kinase associated with focal adhesions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5192-5196.
98. Schaller, M. D., Borgman, C. A., and Parsons, J. T., 1993, Autonomous expression of a noncatalytic domain of the focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase pp125FAK, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:785-791.
99. Schaller, M. D., Otey, C. A., Hildebrand, J. D., and Parsons, J. T., 1995, Focal adhesion kinase and paxillin bind to peptides mimicking beta integrin cytoplasmic domains, J. Cell Biol. 130:1181-1187.
100. Schlaepfer, D. D., Hanks, S. K., Hunter, T., and Van Der Geer, P., 1994, Integrin-mediated signal transduction linked to Ras pathway by GRB2 binding to focal adhesion kinase, Nature 372:786-791.
101. Schoenwaelder, S. M., and Burridge, K., 1999, Bidirectional signaling between the cytoskeleton and integrins, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11:274-286.
102. Schwarzbauer, J. E., 1997, Cell migration: May the force be with you, Curr. Biol. 7:R292-R294.
103. Shen, T. L., Han, D. C., and Guan, J. L., 2002, Association of Grb7 with phosphoinositides and its role in the regulation of cell migration, J. Biol. Chem. 277:29069-29077.
104. Shen, Y., and Schaller, M. D., 1999, Focal adhesion targeting: The critical determinant of FAK regulation and substrate phosphorylation, Mol. Biol. Cell 10:2507-2518.
105. Siciliano, J. C., Toutant, M., Derkinderen, P., Sasaki, T., and Girault, J. A., 1996, Differential regulation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cell adhesion kinase beta (PYK2/CAKbeta) and pp125 (FAK) by glutamate and depolarization in rat hippocampus, J. Biol. Chem. 271:28942-28946.
106. Sieg, D. J., Hauck, C. R., and Schlaepfer, D. D., 1999, Required role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) for integrin-stimulated cell migration, J. Cell. Sci. 112:2677-2691.
107. Sieg, D. J., Hauck, C. R., Ilic, D., Klingbeil, C. K., Schaefer, E., Damsky, C. H., et al., 2000, FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration, Nat. Cell Biol. 2:249-256.
108. Stevens, G. R., Zhang, C., Berg, M. M., Lambert, M. P., Barber, K., Cantallops, I., et al., 1996, CNS neuronal focal adhesion kinase forms clusters that co-localize with vinculin, J. Neurosci. Res. 46:445-455.
109. Suter, D. M., and Forscher, P., 1998, An emerging link between cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion molecules in growth cone guidance, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8:106-116.
110. Suter, D. M., and Forscher, P., 2001, Transmission of growth cone traction force through apCAM-cytoskeletal linkages is regulated by Src family tyrosine kinase activity, J. Cell Biol. 155:427-438.
111. Suter, D. M., Errante, L. D., Belotserkovsky, V., and Forscher, P., 1998, The Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecule, apCAM, mediates growth cone steering by substrate-cytoskeletal coupling, J. Cell Biol. 141:227-240.
112. Tamura, M., Gu, J., Matsumoto, K., Aota, S., Parsons, R., and Yamada, K. M., 1998, Inhibition of cell migration, spreading, and focal adhesions by tumor suppressor PTEN, Science 280:1614-1617.
113. Tanaka, E., and Sabry, J., 1995, Making the connection: Cytoskeletal rearrangements during growth cone guidance, Cell 83:171-176.
114. Tawil, N., Wilson, P., and Carbonetto, S., 1993, Integrins in point contacts mediate cell spreading: Factors that regulate integrin accumulation in point contacts vs. focal contacts, J. Cell Biol. 120:261-271.
115. Tessier-Lavigne, M., and Goodman, C. S., 1996, The molecular biology of axon guidance, Science 274:1123-1133.
116. Toutant, M., Studler, J. M., Burgaya, F., Costa, A., Ezan, P., Gelman, M., et al., 2000, Autophosphorylation of Tyr397 and its phosphorylation by Src-family kinases are altered in focal-adhesion-kinase neuronal isoforms, Biochem. J. 348:119-128.
117. Toutant, M., Costa, A., Studler, J. M., Kadare, G., Carnaud, M., and Girault, J. A., 2002, Alternative splicing controls the mechanisms of FAK autophosphorylation, Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:7731-7743.
118. Vaillant, C., Meissirel, C., Mutin, M., Belin, M. F., Lund, L. R., and Thomasset, N., 2003, MMP-9 deficiency affects axonal outgrowth, migration, and apoptosis in the developing cerebellum, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 24:395-408.
119. Valtorta, F., and Leoni, C., 1999, Molecular mechanisms of neurite extension, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 354:387-394.
120. Varnum-Finney, B., and Reichardt, L. F., 1994, Vinculin-deficient PC12 cell lines extend unstable lamellipodia and filopodia and have a reduced rate of neurite outgrowth, J. Cell Biol. 127:1071-1084.
121. Wang, K. H., Brose, K., Arnott, D., Kidd, T., Goodman, C. S., Henzel, W., et al., 1999, Biochemical purification of a mammalian slit protein as a positive regulator of sensory axon elongation and branching, Cell 96:771-784.
122. Webb, D. J., Donais, K., Whitmore, L. A., Thomas, S. M., Turner, C. E., Parsons, J. T., et al., 2004, FAK-Src signalling through paxillin, ERK and MLCK regulates adhesion disassembly, Nat. Cell Biol. 6:154-161.
123. Webber, C. A., Hocking, J. C., Yong, V. W., Stange, C. L., and McFarlane, S., 2002, Metalloproteases and guidance of retinal axons in the developing visual system, J. Neurosci. 22:8091-8100.
124. Wu, D. Y., and Goldberg, D. J., 1993, Regulated tyrosine phosphorylation at the tips of growth cone filopodia, J. Cell Biol. 123:653-664.
125. Wu, X., Suetsugu, S., Cooper, L. A., Takenawa, T., and Guan, J. L., 2004, Focal adhesion kinase regulation of N-WASP subcellular localization and function, J. Biol. Chem. 279:9565-9576.
126. Wu, X., Gan, B., Yoo, Y., and Guan, J. L., 2005, FAK-Mediated src phosphorylation of endophilin A2 inhibits endocytosis of MT1-MMP and promotes ECM degradation, Dev. Cell. 9:185-196.
127. Xie, Z., Sanada, K., Samuels, B. A., Shih, H., and Tsai, L. H., 2003, Serine 732 phosphorylation of FAK by Cdk5 is important for microtubule organization, nuclear movement, and neuronal migration, Cell 114:469-482.
128. Xiong, W. C., Macklem, M., and Parsons, J. T., 1998, Expression and characterization of splice variants of PYK2, a focal adhesion kinase-related protein, J. Cell. Sci. 111:1981-1991.
129. Yamada, K. M., and Geiger, B., 1997, Molecular interactions in cell adhesion complexes, Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:76-85.
130. Yang, P., Baker, K. A., and Hagg, T., 2005, A disintegrin and metalloprotease 21 (ADAM21) is associated with neurogenesis and axonal growth in developing and adult rodent CNS, J. Comp. Neurol. 490:163-179.
131. Yu, D. H., Qu, C. K., Henegariu, O., Lu, X., and Feng, G. S., 1998, Protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2 regulates cell spreading, migration, and focal adhesion, J. Biol. Chem. 273:21125-21131.
132. Zachary, I., and Rozengurt, E., 1992, Focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK): A point of convergence in the action of neuropeptides, integrins, and oncogenes, Cell 71:891-894.
133. Zeng, L., Si, X., Yu, W. P., Le, H. T., Ng, K. P., Teng, R. M., et al., 2003, PTP alpha regulates integrin-stimulated FAK autophosphorylation and cytoskeletal rearrangement in cell spreading and migration, J. Cell Biol. 160:137-146.
134. Zhai, J., Lin, H., Nie, Z., Wu, J., Canete-Soler, R., Schlaepfer, W. W., et al., 2003, Direct interaction of focal adhesion kinase with p190RhoGEF, J. Biol. Chem. 278:24865-24873.