Innate immunity and aging

Experimental Gerontology

Volumn 43, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 718-728

  Gomez, Christian R ^a,b   Nomellini, Vanessa ^a   Faunce, Douglas E ^a   Kovacs, Elizabeth J ^a  

^a LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSIDAD DIEGO PORTALES   (Chile)

Author keywords

Age; Eosinophils; Macrophages; Mast cells; Neutrophils; NK; NK T

Indexed keywords

CD14 ANTIGEN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 13; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PROTEIN KINASE C; RANTES; STAT1 PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

AGING; APOPTOSIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ELDERLY CARE; EOSINOPHIL; HUMAN; INFECTION; INJURY; INNATE IMMUNITY; MACROPHAGE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEUTROPHIL COUNT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; SHORT SURVEY; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

AGING; EOSINOPHILS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; NEUTROPHILS;

EID: 47749124174     PISSN: 05315565     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.016     Document Type: Short Survey

References (183)

1. Agrawal A., Agrawal S., Tay J., and Gupta S. Biology of dendritic cells in aging. J. Clin. Immunol. 28 (2008) 14-20
2. Albright J.F., and Albright J.W. Senescence of Natural/Innate Resistance to Infection: "Aging, Immunity, and Infection" (2003), Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NY pp. 61-135
3. Albright J.W., and Albright J.F. Age-associated impairment of murine natural killer activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 6371-6375
4. Allman D., and Miller J.P. The aging of early B-cell precursors. Immunol. Rev. 205 (2005) 18-29
5. Allman D., and Miller J.P. B cell development and receptor diversity during aging. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (2005) 463-467
6. Arranz E., O'Mahony S., Barton J.R., and Ferguson A. Immunosenescence and mucosal immunity: significant effects of old age on secretory IgA concentrations and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts. Gut 33 (1992) 882-886
7. Ashcroft G.S., Greenwell-Wild T., Horan M.A., Wahl S.M., and Ferguson M.W. Topical estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing in aged humans associated with an altered inflammatory response. Am. J. Pathol. 155 (1999) 1137-1146
8. Barbul A., and Regan M.C. Immune involvement in wound healing. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 28 (1995) 955-968
9. Barreda D.R., Hanington P.C., and Belosevic M. Regulation of myeloid development and function by colony stimulating factors. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28 (2004) 509-554
10. Bendelac A., Savage P.B., and Teyton L. The biology of NKT cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25 (2007) 297-336
11. Berzins S.P., McNab F.W., Jones C.M., Smyth M.J., and Godfrey D.I. Long-term retention of mature NK1.1+ NKT cells in the thymus. J. Immunol. 176 (2006) 4059-4065
12. Boehmer E.D., Goral J., Faunce D.E., and Kovacs E.J. Age-dependent decrease in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75 (2004) 342-349
13. Boehmer E.D., Meehan M.J., Cutro B.T., and Kovacs E.J. Aging negatively skews macrophage TLR2- and TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory responses without affecting the IL-2-stimulated pathway. Mech. Ageing Dev. 126 (2005) 1305-1313
14. Borrego F., Alonso M.C., Galiani M.D., Carracedo J., Ramirez R., Ostos B., Pena J., and Solana R. NK phenotypic markers and IL2 response in NK cells from elderly people. Exp. Gerontol. 34 (1999) 253-265
15. Braman S.S. Asthma in the elderly. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 19 (2003) 57-75
16. Bruunsgaard H., Pedersen A.N., Schroll M., Skinhoj P., and Pedersen B.K. Decreased natural killer cell activity is associated with atherosclerosis in elderly humans. Exp. Gerontol. 37 (2001) 127-136
17. Butcher S.K., Chahal H., Nayak L., Sinclair A., Henriquez N.V., Sapey E., O'Mahony D., and Lord J.M. Senescence in innate immune responses: reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity and CD16 expression in elderly humans. J. Leukoc. Biol. 70 (2001) 881-886
18. Candore G., Balistreri C.R., Listi F., Grimaldi M.P., Vasto S., Colonna-Romano G., Franceschi C., Lio D., Caselli G., and Caruso C. Immunogenetics, gender, and longevity. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1089 (2006) 516-537
19. Cao J.J., Kurimoto P., Boudignon B., Rosen C., Lima F., and Halloran B.P. Aging impairs IGF-I receptor activation and induces skeletal resistance to IGF-I. J. Bone Miner. Res. 22 (2007) 1271-1279
20. Cao J.J., Wronski T.J., Iwaniec U., Phleger L., Kurimoto P., Boudignon B., and Halloran B.P. Aging increases stromal/osteoblastic cell-induced osteoclastogenesis and alters the osteoclast precursor pool in the mouse. J. Bone Miner. Res. 20 (2005) 1659-1668
21. Celada A., and Nathan C. Macrophage activation revisited. Immunol. Today 15 (1994) 100-102
22. Chatta G.S., and Dale D.C. Aging and haemopoiesis. Implications for treatment with haemopoietic growth factors. Drugs Aging 9 (1996) 37-47
23. Chaves M.M., Costa D.C., Pereira C.C., Andrade T.R., Horta B.C., and Nogueira-Machado J.A. Role of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in reactive oxygen species generation by granulocytes in a cyclic AMP-dependent manner: an age-related phenomenon. Gerontology 53 (2007) 228-233
24. Chelvarajan R.L., Collins S.M., Van Willigen J.M., and Bondada S. The unresponsiveness of aged mice to polysaccharide antigens is a result of a defect in macrophage function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77 (2005) 503-512
25. Chelvarajan R.L., Liu Y., Popa D., Getchell M.L., Getchell T.V., Stromberg A.J., and Bondada S. Molecular basis of age-associated cytokine dysregulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79 (2006) 1314-1327
26. Chilvers E.R., Cadwallader K.A., Reed B.J., White J.F., and Condliffe A.M. The function and fate of neutrophils at the inflamed site: prospects for therapeutic intervention. J. R. Coll. Physicians Lond. 34 (2000) 68-74
27. Clark J.A., and Peterson T.C. Cytokine production and aging: overproduction of IL-8 in elderly males in response to lipopolysaccharide. Mech. Ageing Dev. 77 (1994) 127-139
28. Corsini E., Di Paola R., Viviani B., Genovese T., Mazzon E., Lucchi L., Marinovich M., Galli C.L., and Cuzzocrea S. Increased carrageenan-induced acute lung inflammation in old rats. Immunology 115 (2005) 253-261
29. Cournil A., and Kirkwood T.B. If you would live long, choose your parents well. Trends Genet. 17 (2001) 233-235
30. Dace D.S., and Apte R.S. Effect of senescence on macrophage polarization and angiogenesis. Rejuvenation Res. 11 (2008) 177-185
31. Danon D., Kowatch M.A., and Roth G.S. Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 (1989) 2018-2020
32. Davis C.F., Moore Jr. F.D., Rodrick M.L., Fearon D.T., and Mannick J.A. Neutrophil activation after burn injury: contributions of the classic complement pathway and of endotoxin. Surgery 102 (1987) 477-484
33. De La Fuente M. Changes in the macrophage function with aging. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 81 (1985) 935-938
34. DelaRosa O., Tarazona R., Casado J.G., Alonso C., Ostos B., Pena J., and Solana R. Valpha24+ NKT cells are decreased in elderly humans. Exp. Gerontol. 37 (2002) 213-217
35. Delpedro A.D., Barjavel M.J., Mamdouh Z., Faure S., and Bakouche O. Signal transduction in LPS-activated aged and young monocytes. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 18 (1998) 429-437
36. Di Lorenzo G., Balistreri C.R., Candore G., Cigna D., Colombo A., Romano G.C., Colucci A.T., Gervasi F., Listi F., Potestio M., and Caruso C. Granulocyte and natural killer activity in the elderly. Mech. Ageing Dev. 108 (1999) 25-38
37. Di Nardo A., Vitiello A., and Gallo R.L. Cutting edge: mast cell antimicrobial activity is mediated by expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. J. Immunol. 170 (2003) 2274-2278
38. Ding A., Hwang S., and Schwab R. Effect of aging on murine macrophages. Diminished response to IFN-gamma for enhanced oxidative metabolism. J. Immunol. 153 (1994) 2146-2152
39. Dubey D.P., Husain Z., Levitan E., Zurakowski D., Mirza N., Younes S., Coronell C., Yunis D., and Yunis E.J. The MHC influences NK and NKT cell functions associated with immune abnormalities and lifespan. Mech. Ageing Dev. 113 (2000) 117-134
40. Effros R.B. Genetic alterations in the ageing immune system: impact on infection and cancer. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2003) 71-77
41. Elder A.C., Gelein R., Finkelstein J.N., Cox C., and Oberdorster G. Pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled ultrafine particles is modified by age, ozone exposure, and bacterial toxin. Inhal. Toxicol. 12 Suppl. 4 (2000) 227-246
42. Ershler W.B. Interleukin-6: a cytokine for gerontologists. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 41 (1993) 176-181
43. Ershler W.B., Sun W.H., and Binkley N. The role of interleukin-6 in certain age-related diseases. Drugs Aging 5 (1994) 358-365
44. Ershler W.B., Sun W.H., Binkley N., Gravenstein S., Volk M.J., Kamoske G., Klopp R.G., Roecker E.B., Daynes R.A., and Weindruch R. Interleukin-6 and aging: blood levels and mononuclear cell production increase with advancing age and in vitro production is modifiable by dietary restriction. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 12 (1993) 225-230
45. Fassbender K., Walter S., Kuhl S., Landmann R., Ishii K., Bertsch T., Stalder A.K., Muehlhauser F., Liu Y., Ulmer A.J., Rivest S., Lentschat A., Gulbins E., Jucker M., Staufenbiel M., Brechtel K., Walter J., Multhaup G., Penke B., Adachi Y., Hartmann T., and Beyreuther K. The LPS receptor (CD14) links innate immunity with Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 18 (2004) 203-205
46. Faunce D.E., and Palmer J.L. The effects of age on CD1d-restricted NKT cells and their contribution to the age-associated decline of T cell immunity. In: Fulop T., Franceschi C., Hirokawa K., and Pawelec G. (Eds). Immunosenescence Handbook (2008), Springer Press, New York, NY (Chapter 3.5)
47. Faunce D.E., Palmer J.L., Paskowicz K.K., Witte P.L., and Kovacs E.J. CD1d-restricted NKT cells contribute to the age-associated decline of T cell immunity. J. Immunol. 175 (2005) 3102-3109
48. Fernandes G., and Gupta S. Natural killing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by lymphocyte subpopulations in young and aging humans. J. Clin. Immunol. 1 (1981) 141-148
49. Ferrucci L., Harris T.B., Guralnik J.M., Tracy R.P., Corti M.C., Cohen H.J., Penninx B., Pahor M., Wallace R., and Havlik R.J. Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47 (1999) 639-646
50. Fietta A., Merlini C., De Bernardi P.M., Gandola L., Piccioni P.D., and Grassi C. Non specific immunity in aged healthy subjects and in patients with chronic bronchitis. Aging (Milano) 5 (1993) 357-361
51. Finlay-Jones J.J., Davies K.V., Sturm L.P., Kenny P.A., and Hart P.H. Inflammatory processes in a murine model of intra-abdominal abscess formation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66 (1999) 583-587
52. Flake N.M., Hermanstyne T.O., and Gold M.S. Testosterone and estrogen have opposing actions on inflammation-induced plasma extravasation in the rat temporomandibular joint. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 291 (2006) R343-R348
53. Fortin C.F., Larbi A., Dupuis G., Lesur O., and Fulop Jr. T. GM-CSF activates the Jak/STAT pathway to rescue polymorphonuclear neutrophils from spontaneous apoptosis in young but not elderly individuals. Biogerontology 8 (2007) 173-187
54. Fortin C.F., Larbi A., Lesur O., Douziech N., and Fulop Jr. T. Impairment of SHP-1 down-regulation in the lipid rafts of human neutrophils under GM-CSF stimulation contributes to their age-related, altered functions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79 (2006) 1061-1072
55. Fortin C.F., Lesur O., and Fulop Jr. T. Effects of aging on triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1-induced PMN functions. FEBS Lett. 581 (2007) 1173-1178
56. Franceschi C., Bonafe M., Valensin S., Olivieri F., De Luca M., Ottaviani E., and De Benedictis G. Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 908 (2000) 244-254
57. Franceschi C., Monti D., Barbieri D., Salvioli S., Grassilli E., Capri M., Troiano L., Guido M., Bonafe M., Tropea F., Salomoni P., Benatti F., Bellesia E., Macchioni S., Anderlini R., Sansoni P., Mariotti S., Wratten M.L., Tetta C., and Cossarizza A. Successful immunosenescence and the remodelling of immune responses with ageing. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 11 Suppl. 9 (1996) 18-25
58. Franceschi C., Monti D., Sansoni P., and Cossarizza A. The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol. Today 16 (1995) 12-16
59. Fulop Jr. T., Foris G., Worum I., Paragh G., and Leovey A. Age related variations of some polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions. Mech. Ageing Dev. 29 (1985) 1-8
60. Fulop Jr. T., Fouquet C., Allaire P., Perrin N., Lacombe G., Stankova J., Rola-Pleszczynski M., Gagne D., Wagner J.R., Khalil A., and Dupuis G. Changes in apoptosis of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes with aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 96 (1997) 15-34
61. Fulop Jr. T., Larbi A., Linteau A., Desgeorges S., and Douziech N. The role of Mcl-1 and Bax expression alteration in the decreased rescue of human neutrophils from apoptosis by GM-CSF with aging. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 973 (2002) 305-308
62. Fulop Jr. T., Varga Z., Jacob M.P., and Robert L. Effect of lithium on superoxide production and intracellular free calcium mobilization in elastin peptide (kappa-elastin) and FMLP stimulated human PMNS. Effect of age. Life Sci. 60 (1997) PL325-PL332
63. Fulop T., Larbi A., Douziech N., Fortin C., Guerard K.P., Lesur O., Khalil A., and Dupuis G. Signal transduction and functional changes in neutrophils with aging. Aging Cell 3 (2004) 217-226
64. Furuta T., Kikuchi T., Iwakura Y., and Watanabe N. Protective roles of mast cells and mast cell-derived TNF in murine malaria. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 3294-3302
65. Galli S.J., Kalesnikoff J., Grimbaldeston M.A., Piliponsky A.M., Williams C.M., and Tsai M. Mast cells as "tunable" effector and immunoregulatory cells: recent advances. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23 (2005) 749-786
66. Gomez C.R., Acuna-Castillo C., Nishimura S., Perez V., Escobar A., Salazar-Onfray F., Sabaj V., Torres C., Walter R., and Sierra F. Serum from aged F344 rats conditions the activation of young macrophages. Mech. Ageing Dev. 127 (2006) 257-263
67. Gomez C.R., Boehmer E.D., and Kovacs E.J. The aging innate immune system. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17 (2005) 457-462
68. Gomez C.R., Goral J., Ramirez L., Kopf M., and Kovacs E.J. Aberrant acute-phase response in aged interleukin-6 knockout mice. Shock 25 (2006) 581-585
69. Gomez C.R., Hirano S., Cutro B.T., Birjandi S., Baila H., Nomellini V., and Kovacs E.J. Advanced age exacerbates the pulmonary inflammatory response after lipopolysaccharide exposure. Crit. Care Med. 35 (2007) 246-251
70. Gomez, C.R., Nomellini, V., Baila, H., Oshima, K., Kovacs, E.J., in press. Comparison of the effects of aging and IL-6 on the hepatic inflammatory response in two models of systemic injury: scald injury versus i.p. LPS administration. Shock.
71. Gomez C.R., Nomellini V., and Kovacs E.J. Sex hormones and immunosenescence. In: Fulop T., Franceschi C., Hirokawa K., and Pawelec G. (Eds). Immunosenescence Handbook (2008), Springer Press, New York, NY (Chapter 4.5)
72. Gomez C.R., Plackett T.P., and Kovacs E.J. Aging and estrogen: modulation of inflammatory responses after injury. Exp. Gerontol. 42 (2007) 451-456
73. Gosain A., and DiPietro L.A. Aging and wound healing. World J. Surg. 28 (2004) 321-326
74. Hart P.H., Grimbaldeston M.A., Hosszu E.K., Swift G.J., Noonan F.P., and Finlay-Jones J.J. Age-related changes in dermal mast cell prevalence in BALB/c mice: functional importance and correlation with dermal mast cell expression of Kit. Immunology 98 (1999) 352-356
75. Herrero C., Sebastian C., Marques L., Comalada M., Xaus J., Valledor A.F., Lloberas J., and Celada A. Immunosenescence of macrophages: reduced MHC class II gene expression. Exp. Gerontol. 37 (2002) 389-394
76. Hilkens C.M., Snijders A., Snijdewint F.G., Wierenga E.A., and Kapsenberg M.L. Modulation of T-cell cytokine secretion by accessory cell-derived products. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 22 (1996) 90s-94s
77. Hilmer S.N., Cogger V.C., and Le Couteur D.G. Basal activity of Kupffer cells increases with old age. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62 (2007) 973-978
78. Ingalls R.R., Heine H., Lien E., Yoshimura A., and Golenbock D. Lipopolysaccharide recognition, CD14, and lipopolysaccharide receptors. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 13 (1999) 341-353 vii
79. Ishimoto Y., Tomiyama-Miyaji C., Watanabe H., Yokoyama H., Ebe K., Tsubata S., Aoyagi Y., and Abo T. Age-dependent variation in the proportion and number of intestinal lymphocyte subsets, especially natural killer T cells, double-positive CD4+ CD8+ cells and B220+ T cells, in mice. Immunology 113 (2004) 371-377
80. Ito Y., Kajkenova O., Feuers R.J., Udupa K.B., Desai V.G., Epstein J., Hart R.W., and Lipschitz D.A. Impaired glutathione peroxidase activity accounts for the age-related accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in activated human neutrophils. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 53 (1998) M169-M175
81. Johansen J.S., Pedersen A.N., Schroll M., Jorgensen T., Pedersen B.K., and Bruunsgaard H. High serum YKL-40 level in a cohort of octogenarians is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 151 (2008) 260-266
82. Joyce S. CD1d and natural T cells: how their properties jump-start the immune system. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 58 (2001) 442-469
83. Kariyawasam H.H., and Robinson D.S. The eosinophil: the cell and its weapons, the cytokines, its locations. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 27 (2006) 117-127
84. Kasper J.D., Shapiro S., Guralnik J.M., Bandeen-Roche K.J., and Fried L.P. Designing a community study of moderately to severely disabled older women: the Women's Health and Aging Study. Ann. Epidemiol. 9 (1999) 498-507
85. Katz J.M., Plowden J., Renshaw-Hoelscher M., Lu X., Tumpey T.M., and Sambhara S. Immunity to influenza: the challenges of protecting an aging population. Immunol. Res. 29 (2004) 113-124
86. Kelly J., Ali Khan A., Yin J., Ferguson T.A., and Apte R.S. Senescence regulates macrophage activation and angiogenic fate at sites of tissue injury in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 117 (2007) 3421-3426
87. Kim M.J., and Morley J.E. The hormonal fountains of youth: myth or reality?. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 28 (2005) 5-14
88. Kovacs E.J., Duffner L.A., and Plackett T.P. Immunosuppression after injury in aged mice is associated with a TH1-TH2 shift, which can be restored by estrogen treatment. Mech. Ageing Dev. 125 (2004) 121-123
89. Kovacs E.J., Messingham K.A., and Gregory M.S. Estrogen regulation of immune responses after injury. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 193 (2002) 129-135
90. Kovacs E.J., Plackett T.P., and Witte P.L. Estrogen replacement, aging, and cell-mediated immunity after injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76 (2004) 36-41
91. Krabbe K.S., Pedersen M., and Bruunsgaard H. Inflammatory mediators in the elderly. Exp. Gerontol. 39 (2004) 687-699
92. Larbi A., Douziech N., Fortin C., Linteau A., Dupuis G., and Fulop Jr. T. The role of the MAPK pathway alterations in GM-CSF modulated human neutrophil apoptosis with aging. Immun. Ageing 2 (2005) 6
93. Larbi A., Franceschi C., Mazzatti D., Solana R., Wikby A., and Pawelec G. Aging of the immune system as a prognostic factor for human longevity. Physiology (Bethesda) 23 (2008) 64-74
94. Lehrer R.I., Ganz T., Selsted M.E., Babior B.M., and Curnutte J.T. Neutrophils and host defense. Ann. Intern. Med. 109 (1988) 127-142
95. Leng S., Xue Q.L., Huang Y., Semba R., Chaves P., Bandeen-Roche K., Fried L., and Walston J. Total and differential white blood cell counts and their associations with circulating interleukin-6 levels in community-dwelling older women. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60 (2005) 195-199
96. Linton P.J., and Dorshkind K. Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function. Nat. Immunol. 5 (2004) 133-139
97. Lipschitz D.A., Udupa K.B., Indelicato S.R., and Das M. Effect of age on second messenger generation in neutrophils. Blood 78 (1991) 1347-1354
98. Long J.M., Kalehua A.N., Muth N.J., Calhoun M.E., Jucker M., Hengemihle J.M., Ingram D.K., and Mouton P.R. Stereological analysis of astrocyte and microglia in aging mouse hippocampus. Neurobiol. Aging 19 (1998) 497-503
99. Lord J.M., Butcher S., Killampali V., Lascelles D., and Salmon M. Neutrophil ageing and immunesenescence. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 (2001) 1521-1535
100. Mantovani A., Sozzani S., Locati M., Allavena P., and Sica A. Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes. Trends Immunol. 23 (2002) 549-555
101. Mariani E., Pulsatelli L., Meneghetti A., Dolzani P., Mazzetti I., Neri S., Ravaglia G., Forti P., and Facchini A. Different IL-8 production by T and NK lymphocytes in elderly subjects. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 (2001) 1383-1395
102. Mariani E., Pulsatelli L., Neri S., Dolzani P., Meneghetti A., Silvestri T., Ravaglia G., Forti P., Cattini L., and Facchini A. RANTES and MIP-1alpha production by T lymphocytes, monocytes and NK cells from nonagenarian subjects. Exp. Gerontol. 37 (2002) 219-226
103. Martin G.S., Mannino D.M., and Moss M. The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 34 (2006) 15-21
104. Martinez F.O., Sica A., Mantovani A., and Locati M. Macrophage activation and polarization. Front. Biosci. 13 (2008) 453-461
105. Mathur S.K., Schwantes E.A., Jarjour N.N., and Busse W.W. Age-related changes in eosinophil function in human subjects. Chest 133 (2008) 412-419
106. McDermott J.R., Bartram R.E., Knight P.A., Miller H.R., Garrod D.R., and Grencis R.K. Mast cells disrupt epithelial barrier function during enteric nematode infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 7761-7766
107. McLachlan J.B., Hart J.P., Pizzo S.V., Shelburne C.P., Staats H.F., Gunn M.D., and Abraham S.N. Mast cell-derived tumor necrosis factor induces hypertrophy of draining lymph nodes during infection. Nat. Immunol. 4 (2003) 1199-1205
108. Metz M., and Maurer M. Mast cells - key effector cells in immune responses. Trends Immunol. 28 (2007) 234-241
109. Miller A.P., Xing D., Feng W., Fintel M., Chen Y.F., and Oparil S. Aged rats lose vasoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of estrogen in injured arteries. Menopause 14 (2007) 251-260
110. Mocchegiani E., Giacconi R., Cipriano C., Gasparini N., Bernardini G., Malavolta M., Menegazzi M., Cavalieri E., Muzzioli M., Ciampa A.R., and Suzuki H. The variations during the circadian cycle of liver CD1d-unrestricted NK1.1+TCR gamma/delta+ cells lead to successful ageing. Role of metallothionein/IL-6/gp130/PARP-1 interplay in very old mice. Exp. Gerontol. 39 (2004) 775-788
111. Mocchegiani E., and Malavolta M. NK and NKT cell functions in immunosenescence. Aging Cell 3 (2004) 177-184
112. Mocchegiani E., Muzzioli M., Giacconi R., Cipriano C., Gasparini N., Franceschi C., Gaetti R., Cavalieri E., and Suzuki H. Metallothioneins/PARP-1/IL-6 interplay on natural killer cell activity in elderly: parallelism with nonagenarians and old infected humans. Effect of zinc supply. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2003) 459-468
113. Montagna W., and Carlisle K. Structural changes in ageing skin. Br. J. Dermatol. 122 Suppl. 35 (1990) 61-70
114. Moorthy K., Yadav U.C., Mantha A.K., Cowsik S.M., Sharma D., Basir S.F., and Baquer N.Z. Estradiol and progesterone treatments change the lipid profile in naturally menopausal rats from different age groups. Biogerontology 5 (2004) 411-419
115. Mouton P.R., Long J.M., Lei D.L., Howard V., Jucker M., Calhoun M.E., and Ingram D.K. Age and gender effects on microglia and astrocyte numbers in brains of mice. Brain Res. 956 (2002) 30-35
116. Mullick A.E., Tobias P.S., and Curtiss L.K. Toll-like receptors and atherosclerosis: key contributors in disease and health?. Immunol. Res. 34 (2006) 193-209
117. Murasko D.M., and Jiang J. Response of aged mice to primary virus infections. Immunol. Rev. 205 (2005) 285-296
118. Mysliwska J., Bryl E., Bigda J., Kmiec Z., Foerster J., and Mysliwski A. Activity of NK in elderly people. Acta Haematol. Pol. 23 (1992) 245-251
119. Mysliwska J., Mysliwski A., Romanowski P., Bigda J., Sosnowska D., and Foerster J. Monocytes are responsible for depressed natural killer (NK) activity in both young and elderly low NK responders. Gerontology 38 (1992) 41-49
120. Nadziejko C., Fang K., Narciso S., Zhong M., Su W.C., Gordon T., Nadas A., and Chen L.C. Effect of particulate and gaseous pollutants on spontaneous arrhythmias in aged rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 16 (2004) 373-380
121. Nagel J.E., Pyle R.S., Chrest F.J., and Adler W.H. Oxidative metabolism and bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from normal young and aged adults. J. Gerontol. 37 (1982) 529-534
122. NAMS, 2007. Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 14, 168-82.
123. Nguyen M., Pace A.J., and Koller B.H. Age-induced reprogramming of mast cell degranulation. J. Immunol. 175 (2005) 5701-5707
124. Nigrovic P.A., Binstadt B.A., Monach P.A., Johnsen A., Gurish M., Iwakura Y., Benoist C., Mathis D., and Lee D.M. Mast cells contribute to initiation of autoantibody-mediated arthritis via IL-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 (2007) 2325-2330
125. Nomellini V., Faunce D.E., Gomez C.R., and Kovacs E.J. An age-associated increase in pulmonary inflammation after burn injury is abrogated by CXCR2 inhibition. J. Leuk. Biol. 83 (2008) 1493-1501
126. Nomellini V., Gomez C., and Kovacs E.J. Aging and impairment of innate immunity. Contrib. Microbiol. 15 (2008) 188-205
127. Ogata K., Yokose N., Tamura H., An E., Nakamura K., Dan K., and Nomura T. Natural killer cells in the late decades of human life. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 84 (1997) 269-275
128. Ogawa T., Kitagawa M., and Hirokawa K. Age-related changes of human bone marrow: a histometric estimation of proliferative cells, apoptotic cells, T cells, B cells and macrophages. Mech. Ageing Dev. 117 (2000) 57-68
129. Pascual G., Mendieta C., Garcia-Honduvilla N., Corrales C., Bellon J.M., and Bujan J. TGF-beta1 upregulation in the aging varicose vein. J. Vasc. Res. 44 (2007) 192-201
130. Pawelec G., Akbar A., Caruso C., Solana R., Grubeck-Loebenstein B., and Wikby A. Human immunosenescence: is it infectious?. Immunol. Rev. 205 (2005) 257-268
131. Peralbo E., Alonso C., and Solana R. Invariant NKT and NKT-like lymphocytes: two different T cell subsets that are differentially affected by ageing. Exp. Gerontol. 42 (2007) 703-708
132. Peralbo E., DelaRosa O., Gayoso I., Pita M.L., Tarazona R., and Solana R. Decreased frequency and proliferative response of invariant Valpha24Vbeta11 natural killer T (iNKT) cells in healthy elderly. Biogerontology 7 (2006) 483-492
133. Piazzolla G., Tortorella C., Serrone M., Jirillo E., and Antonaci S. Modulation of cytoskeleton assembly capacity and oxidative response in aged neutrophils. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 20 (1998) 251-266
134. Plackett T.P., Boehmer E.D., Faunce D.E., and Kovacs E.J. Aging and innate immune cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76 (2004) 291-299
135. Plowden J., Renshaw-Hoelscher M., Engleman C., Katz J., and Sambhara S. Innate immunity in aging: impact on macrophage function. Aging Cell 3 (2004) 161-167
136. Plowden J., Renshaw-Hoelscher M., Gangappa S., Engleman C., Katz J.M., and Sambhara S. Impaired antigen-induced CD8+ T cell clonal expansion in aging is due to defects in antigen presenting cell function. Cell. Immunol. 229 (2004) 86-92
137. Poynter M.E., Mu H.H., Chen X.P., and Daynes R.A. Activation of NK1.1+ T cells in vitro and their possible role in age-associated changes in inducible IL-4 production. Cell. Immunol. 179 (1997) 22-29
138. Prelog M. Aging of the immune system: a risk factor for autoimmunity?. Autoimmun. Rev. 5 (2006) 136-139
139. Radsak M.P., Salih H.R., Rammensee H.G., and Schild H. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in neutrophil inflammatory responses: differential regulation of activation and survival. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 4956-4963
140. Rao K.M. Age-related decline in ligand-induced actin polymerization in human leukocytes and platelets. J. Gerontol. 41 (1986) 561-566
141. Ravaglia G., Forti P., Maioli F., Bastagli L., Facchini A., Mariani E., Savarino L., Sassi S., Cucinotta D., and Lenaz G. Effect of micronutrient status on natural killer cell immune function in healthy free-living subjects aged >/=90 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (2000) 590-598
142. Renshaw M., Rockwell J., Engleman C., Gewirtz A., Katz J., and Sambhara S. Cutting edge: impaired Toll-like receptor expression and function in aging. J. Immunol. 169 (2002) 4697-4701
143. Riley R.L., Blomberg B.B., and Frasca D. B cells, E2A, and aging. Immunol. Rev. 205 (2005) 30-47
144. Rothenberg M.E., and Hogan S.P. The eosinophil. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24 (2006) 147-174
145. Saito H., Patterson C., Hu Z., Runge M.S., Tipnis U., Sinha M., and Papaconstantinou J. Expression and self-regulatory function of cardiac interleukin-6 during endotoxemia. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279 (2000) H2241-H2248
146. Saito H., Sherwood E.R., Varma T.K., and Evers B.M. Effects of aging on mortality, hypothermia, and cytokine induction in mice with endotoxemia or sepsis. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2003) 1047-1058
147. Salvioli S., Capri M., Valensin S., Tieri P., Monti D., Ottaviani E., and Franceschi C. Inflamm-aging, cytokines and aging: state of the art, new hypotheses on the role of mitochondria and new perspectives from systems biology. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12 (2006) 3161-3171
148. Sansoni P., Cossarizza A., Brianti V., Fagnoni F., Snelli G., Monti D., Marcato A., Passeri G., Ortolani C., Forti E., et al. Lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell activity in healthy old people and centenarians. Blood 82 (1993) 2767-2773
149. Savill J.S., Wyllie A.H., Henson J.E., Walport M.J., Henson P.M., and Haslett C. Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation. Programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 83 (1989) 865-875
150. Sebastian C., Espia M., Serra M., Celada A., and Lloberas J. MacrophAging: a cellular and molecular review. Immunobiology 210 (2005) 121-126
151. Sibille Y., and Marchandise F.X. Pulmonary immune cells in health and disease: polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Eur. Respir. J. 6 (1993) 1529-1543
152. Sibille Y., and Reynolds H.Y. Macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in lung defense and injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141 (1990) 471-501
153. Solana R., and Mariani E. NK and NK/T cells in human senescence. Vaccine 18 (2000) 1613-1620
154. Solana R., Pawelec G., and Tarazona R. Aging and innate immunity. Immunity 24 (2006) 491-494
155. Spencer N.F., Norton S.D., Harrison L.L., Li G.Z., and Daynes R.A. Dysregulation of IL-10 production with aging: possible linkage to the age-associated decline in DHEA and its sulfated derivative. Exp. Gerontol. 31 (1996) 393-408
156. Stout R.D., Jiang C., Matta B., Tietzel I., Watkins S.K., and Suttles J. Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences. J. Immunol. 175 (2005) 342-349
157. Stout R.D., and Suttles J. Immunosenescence and macrophage functional plasticity: dysregulation of macrophage function by age-associated microenvironmental changes. Immunol. Rev. 205 (2005) 60-71
158. Straub R.H., Cutolo M., Zietz B., and Scholmerich J. The process of aging changes the interplay of the immune, endocrine and nervous systems. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 (2001) 1591-1611
159. Sunil V.R., Laumbach R.J., Patel K.J., Turpin B.J., Lim H.J., Kipen H.M., Laskin J.D., and Laskin D.L. Pulmonary effects of inhaled limonene ozone reaction products in elderly rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 222 (2007) 211-220
160. Swift M.E., Burns A.L., Gray K.L., and DiPietro L.A. Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (2001) 1027-1035
161. Tateda K., Matsumoto T., Miyazaki S., and Yamaguchi K. Lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality and cytokine production in aged mice. Infect. Immun. 64 (1996) 769-774
162. Tchkonia T., Pirtskhalava T., Thomou T., Cartwright M.J., Wise B., Karagiannides I., Shpilman A., Lash T.L., Becherer J.D., and Kirkland J.L. Increased TNF{alpha} and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein with aging predispose preadipocytes to resist adipogenesis. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293 (2007) E1810-E1819
163. Teitelbaum S.L., and Ross F.P. Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function. Nat. Rev. Genet. 4 (2003) 638-649
164. Tortorella C., Piazzolla G., Napoli N., and Antonaci S. Neutrophil apoptotic cell death: does it contribute to the increased infectious risk in aging?. Microbios. 106 (2001) 129-136
165. Tortorella C., Simone O., Piazzolla G., Stella I., and Antonaci S. Age-related impairment of GM-CSF-induced signalling in neutrophils: role of SHP-1 and SOCS proteins. Ageing Res. Rev. 6 (2007) 81-93
166. Tortorella C., Simone O., Piazzolla G., Stella I., Cappiello V., and Antonaci S. Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways in granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor failure to delay fas-induced neutrophil apoptosis in elderly humans. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 61 (2006) 1111-1118
167. Trivedi S.G., and Lloyd C.M. Eosinophils in the pathogenesis of allergic airways disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64 (2007) 1269-1289
168. Tsukahara A., Seki S., Iiai T., Moroda T., Watanabe H., Suzuki S., Tada T., Hiraide H., Hatakeyama K., and Abo T. Mouse liver T cells: their change with aging and in comparison with peripheral T cells. Hepatology 26 (1997) 301-309
169. Underhill D.M., and Ozinsky A. Phagocytosis of microbes: complexity in action. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20 (2002) 825-852
170. van Duin D., Mohanty S., Thomas V., Ginter S., Montgomery R.R., Fikrig E., Allore H.G., Medzhitov R., and Shaw A.C. Age-associated defect in human TLR-1/2 function. J. Immunol. 178 (2007) 970-975
171. Vega V.L., De Cabo R., and De Maio A. Age and caloric restriction diets are confounding factors that modify the response to lipopolysaccharide by peritoneal macrophages in C57BL/6 mice. Shock 22 (2004) 248-253
172. Videla L.A., Tapia G., and Fernandez V. Influence of aging on Kupffer cell respiratory activity in relation to particle phagocytosis and oxidative stress parameters in mouse liver. Redox. Rep. 6 (2001) 155-159
173. Vignola A.M., Bonanno A., Profita M., Riccobono L., Scichilone N., Spatafora M., Bousquet J., Bonsignore G., and Bellia V. Effect of age and asthma duration upon elastase and alpha1-antitrypsin levels in adult asthmatics. Eur. Respir. J. 22 (2003) 795-801
174. Vomel T., Platt D., and Schnorr B. Phagocytosis activity of the isolated perfused liver in rats of different ages. Biochemical and ultrastructural examination after perfusion with colloidal ink. Fortschr. Med. 99 (1981) 1511-1515
175. Weng N.P. Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt?. Immunity 24 (2006) 495-499
176. Wenisch C., Patruta S., Daxbock F., Krause R., and Horl W. Effect of age on human neutrophil function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67 (2000) 40-45
177. Wu D., Hayek M.G., and Meydani S. Vitamin E and macrophage cyclooxygenase regulation in the aged. J. Nutr. 131 (2001) 382S-388S
178. Wu D., Marko M., Claycombe K., Paulson K.E., and Meydani S.N. Ceramide-induced and age-associated increase in macrophage COX-2 expression is mediated through up-regulation of NF-kappa B activity. J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 10983-10992
179. Wu D., Ren Z., Pae M., Guo W., Cui X., Merrill A.H., and Meydani S.N. Aging up-regulates expression of inflammatory mediators in mouse adipose tissue. J. Immunol. 179 (2007) 4829-4839
180. Yagi T., Sato A., Hayakawa H., and Ide K. Failure of aged rats to accumulate eosinophils in allergic inflammation of the airway. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 99 (1997) 38-47
181. Yamano T., DeCicco L.A., and Rikans L.E. Attenuation of cadmium-induced liver injury in senescent male fischer 344 rats: role of Kupffer cells and inflammatory cytokines. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 162 (2000) 68-75
182. Yoon P., Keylock K.T., Hartman M.E., Freund G.G., and Woods J.A. Macrophage hypo-responsiveness to interferon-gamma in aged mice is associated with impaired signaling through Jak-STAT. Mech. Ageing Dev. 125 (2004) 137-143
183. Zhang Y., Wallace D.L., de Lara C.M., Ghattas H., Asquith B., Worth A., Griffin G.E., Taylor G.P., Tough D.F., Beverley P.C., and Macallan D.C. In vivo kinetics of human natural killer cells: the effects of ageing and acute and chronic viral infection. Immunology 121 (2007) 258-265