Contributions of DNA interstrand cross-links to aging of cells and organisms

Nucleic Acids Research

Volumn 35, Issue 22, 2007, Pages 7566-7576

  Grillari, Johannes ^a   Katinger, Hermann ^a   Voglauer, Regina ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; AZIRIDINOMITOSENE 4; BINDING PROTEIN; BLOOM SYNDROME HELICASE; CARMUSTINE; CHLORMETHINE; CISPLATIN; CISPLATINUM DIAMMINE DICHLORIDE II; EXCISION REPAIR CROSS COMPLEMENTING PROTEIN 1; FANCONI ANEMIA PROTEIN; FLUDARABINE; FREE RADICAL; GENE PRODUCT; MITOMYCIN C; MITOMYCIN C DERIVATIVE; OXALIPLATIN; PLATINUM DERIVATIVE; PROTEIN SNEV; PROTEIN SNM1; PROTEIN SNM1B; PSORALEN; PYRROLO[2,1 C][1,4]BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RECQ HELICASE; SJG 136; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WERNER SYNDROME PROTEIN;

ACQUIRED PREMATURE PROGEROID SYNDROME; AGING; ARTICLE; BLOOM SYNDROME; CELL AGING; CUTANEOUS PARAMETERS; CYTOTOXICITY; DNA CROSS LINKING; DNA REPAIR; DRUG POTENTIATION; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PREMATURE AGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGERIA; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PUVA; RISK FACTOR; SKIN DISEASE;

AGING; AGING, PREMATURE; ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CELL AGING; CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; FICUSIN; HUMANS; MICE; NEOPLASMS; SKIN AGING;

RODENTIA;

EID: 38049034465     PISSN: 03051048     EISSN: 13624962     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1065     Document Type: Article

References (179)

1. Lindahl,T. and Barnes,D.E. (2000) Repair of endogenous DNA damage. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol., 65, 127-133.
2. Akkari,Y.M., Bateman,R.L., Reifsteck,C.A., Olson,S.B. and Grompe,M. (2000) DNA replication is required to elicit cellular responses to psoralen-induced DNA interstrand cross-links. Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 8283-8289.
3. Cullinane,C. and Bohr,V.A. (1998) DNA interstrand cross-links induced by psoralen are not repaired in mammalian mitochondria. Cancer Res., 58, 1400-1404.
4. Shen,X., Jun,S., O'Neal,L.E., Sonoda,E., Bemark,M., Sale,J.E. and Li,L. (2006) REV3 and REV1 play major roles in recombination-independent repair of DNA interstrand cross-links mediated by monoubiquitinated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). J. Biol. Chem., 281 13869-13872.
5. Collins,A.R. (1993) Mutant rodent cell lines sensitive to ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation and cross-linking agents: A comprehensive survey of genetic and biochemical characteristics. Mutat. Res., 293, 99-118.
6. Dronkert,M.L. and Kanaar,R. (2001) Repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. Mutat. Res., 486, 217-247.
7. Lehoczky,P., McHugh,P.J. and Chovanec,M. (2007) DNA interstrand cross-link repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 31, 109-133.
8. Niedernhofer,L.J., Lalai,A.S. and Hoeijmakers,J.H. (2005) Fanconi anemia (cross)linked to DNA repair. Cell, 123, 1191-1198.
9. Levitus,M., Joenje,H. and de Winter,J.P. (2006) The Fanconi anemia pathway of genomic maintenance. Cell Oncol., 28, 3-29.
10. Kennedy,R.D. and D'Andrea,A.D. (2005) The Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway: new faces in the crowd. Genes Dev., 19, 2925-2940.
11. Thompson,L.H., Hinz,J.M., Yamada,N.A. and Jones,N.J. (2005) How Fanconi anemia proteins promote the four Rs: Replication, recombination, repair, and recovery. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 45, 128-142.
12. Mitchell,J.R., Hoeijmakers,J.H. and Niedernhofer,L.J. (2003) Divide and conquer: Nucleotide excision repair battles cancer and ageing. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol., 15, 232-240.
13. McHugh,P.J., Spanswick,V.J. and Hartley,J.A. (2001) Repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks: Molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance. Lancet Oncol., 2, 483-490.
14. Rosenberg,B., Vancamp,L. and Krigas,T. (1965) Inhibition of cell division in Escherichia coli by electrolysis products from a platinum electrode. Nature, 205, 698-699.
15. Boulikas,T. and Vougiouka,M. (2004) Recent clinical trials using cisplatin, carboplatin and their combination chemotherapy drugs (review). Oncol. Rep., 11, 559-595.
16. Galanski,M., Jakupec,M.A. and Keppler,B.K. (2005) Update of the preclinical situation of anticancer platinum complexes: Novel design strategies and innovative analytical approaches. Curr. Med. Chem., 12, 2075-2094.
17. Hartinger,C.G., Zorbas-Seifried,S., Jakupec,M.A., Kynast,B., Zorbas,H. and Keppler,B.K. (2006) From bench to bedside - preclinical and early clinical development of the anticancer agent indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019 or FFC14A). J. Inorg. Biochem., 100, 891-904.
18. Brabec,V. and Leng,M. (1993) DNA interstrand cross-links of trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) are preferentially formed between guanine and complementary cytosine residues. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 5345-5349.
19. Jones,J.C., Zhen,W.P., Reed,E., Parker,R.J., Sancar,A. and Bohr,V.A. (1991) Gene-specific formation and repair of cisplatin intrastrand adducts and interstrand cross-links in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 7101-7107.
20. Roberts,J.J. and Friedlos,F. (1987) Quantitative estimation of cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links and their repair in mammalian cells: Relationship to toxicity. Pharmacol. Ther., 34 215-246.
21. Balcome,S., Park,S., Quirk Dorr,D.R., Hafner,L., Phillips,L. and Tretyakova,N. (2004) Adenine-containing DNA-DNA cross-links of antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 17, 950-962.
22. Rink,S.M. and Hopkins,P.B. (1995) A mechlorethamine-induced DNA interstrand cross-link bends duplex DNA. Biochemistry, 34, 1439-1445.
23. Singer,M.J., Podyminogin,M.A., Metcalf,M.A., Reed,M.W., Brown,D.A., Gamper,H.B., Meyer,R.B. and Wydro,R.M. (1999) Targeted mutagenesis of DNA with alkylating RecA assisted oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res., 27, e38.
24. Colvin,M., Cowens,J.W., Brundrett,R.B., Kramer,B.S. and Ludlum,D.B. (1974) Decomposition of BCNU (1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) in aqueous solution. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 60, 515-520.
25. Wiencke,J.K. and Wiemels,J. (1995) Genotoxicity of 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Mutat. Res., 339, 91-119.
26. Seow,H.A., Penketh,P.G., Baumann,R.P. and Sartorelli,A.C. (2004) Bioactivation and resistance to mitomycin C. Methods Enzymol., 382, 221-233.
27. Rink,S.M., Warner,D.L., Klapars,A. and Vedejs,E. (2005) Sequence-specific DNA interstrand cross-linking by an aziridino-mitosene in the absence of exogenous reductant. Biochemistry, 44, 13981-13986.
28. Pagano,G. (2002) Redox-modulated xenobiotic action and ROS formation: A mirror or a window? Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 21, 77-81.
29. Gregson,S.J., Howard,P.W, Gullick,D.R., Hamaguchi,A., Corcoran,K.E., Brooks,N.A., Hartley,J.A., Jenkins,T.C., Patel,S. et al. (2004) Linker length modulates DNA cross-linking reactivity and cytotoxic potency of C8/C8' ether-linked C2-exo-unsaturated pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) dimers. J. Med. Chem., 47, 1161-1174.
30. Gregson,S.J., Howard,P.W., Hartley,J.A., Brooks,N.A., Adams,L.J., Jenkins,T.C., Kelland,L.R. and Thurston,D.E. (2001) Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel pyrrolobenzodiazepine DNA-interactive agent with highly efficient cross-linking ability and potent cytotoxicity. J. Med. Chem., 44, 737-748.
31. Martin,C., Ellis,T., McGurk,C.J., Jenkins,T.C., Hartley,J.A., Waring,M.J. and Thurston,D.E. (2005) Sequence-selective interaction of the minor-groove interstrand cross-linking agent SJG-136 with naked and cellular DNA: Footprinting and enzyme inhibition studies. Biochemistry, 44, 4135-4147.
32. Maccormick,R.E. (2006) Possible acceleration of aging by adjuvant chemotherapy: A cause of early onset frailty? Med. Hypotheses, 67, 212-215.
33. Meinardi,M.T., Gietema,J.A., van Veldhuisen,D.J., van der Graaf,W.T., de Vries,E.G. and Sleijfer,D.T. (2000) Long-term chemotherapy-related cardiovascular morbidity. Cancer Treat. Rev., 26, 429-447.
34. Martin,G.M. (1978) Genetic syndromes in man with potential relevance to the pathobiology of aging. Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser., 14 5-39.
35. Roninson,I.B. (2002) Tumor senescence as a determinant of drug response in vivo. Drug Resist. Updat., 5, 204-208.
36. Herbig,U., Ferreira,M., Condel,L., Carey,D. and Sedivy,J.M. (2006) Cellular senescence in aging primates. Science, 311, 1257.
37. Erusalimsky,J.D. and Kurz,D.J. (2005) Cellular senescence in vivo: Its relevance in ageing and cardiovascular disease. Exp. Gerontol., 40, 634-642.
38. Halloran,P.F. and Melk,A. (2001) Renal senescence, cellular senescence, and their relevance to nephrology and transplantation. Adv. Nephrol. Necker Hosp., 31, 273-283.
39. Van Nguyen,T., Puebla-Osorio,N., Pang,H., Dujka,M.E. and Zhu,C. (2007) DNA damage-induced cellular senescence is sufficient to suppress tumorigenesis: A mouse model. J. Exp. Med., 204, 1453-1461.
40. de Lange,T. (2005) Shelterin: The protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres. Genes Dev., 19, 2100-2110.
41. Beeharry,N. and Broccoli,D. (2005) Telomere dynamics in response to chemotherapy. Curr. Mol. Med., 5, 187-196.
42. Rossi,D.J., Bryder,D., Seita,J., Nussenzweig,A., Hoeijmakers,J. and Weissman,I.L. (2007) Deficiencies in DNA damage repair limit the function of haematopoietic stem cells with age. Nature, 447, 725-729.
43. Nijnik,A., Woodbine,L., Marchetti,C., Dawson,S., Lambe,T., Liu,C., Rodrigues,N.P., Crockford,T.L., Cabuy,E. et al. (2007) DNA-repair is limiting for haematopoietic stein cells during ageing. Nature, 447, 686-690.
44. Bethea,D., Fullmer,B., Syed,S., Seltzer,G., Tiano,J., Rischko,C., Gillespie,L., Brown,D. and Gasparro,F.P. (1999) Psoralen photobiology and photochemotherapy: 50 years of science and medicine. J. Dermatol. Sci., 19, 78-88.
45. Kim,K.H., Fan,X.J. and Nielsen,P.E. (2007) Efficient sequence-directed psoralen targeting using pseudocomplementary Peptide nucleic acids. Bioconjug. Chem., 18, 567-572.
46. Kim,K.H., Nielsen,P.E. and Glazer,P.M. (2006) Site-specific gene modification by PNAs conjugated to psoralen. Biochemistry, 45 314-323.
47. Thazbathveetil,A.K., Liu,S.T., Indig,F.E. and Seidman,M.M. (2007) Psoralen conjugates for visualization of genomic interstrand cross-links localized by laser photoactivation. Bioconjug. Chem., 18, 431-437.
48. Pathak,M.A., Zarebska,Z., Mihm,M.C.,Jr, Jarzabek-Chorzelska, M., Chorzelski,T. and Jablonska,S. (1986) Detection of DNA-psoralen photoadducts in mammalian skin. J. Invest. Dermatol., 86, 308-315.
49. Wolff,K. (1990) Side-effects of psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). Br J Dermatol, 122(Suppl. 36), 117-125.
50. Sator,P.G., Schmidt,J.B. and Honigsmann,H. (2002) Objective assessment of pholoageing effects using high-frequency ultrasound in PUVA-treated psoriasis patients. Br. J. Dermatol., 147, 291-298.
51. Waschek,M., Ma,W., Jansen-Durr,P. and Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. (2003) Photoaging as a consequence of natural and therapeutic ultraviolet irradiation-studies on PUVA-induced senescence-like growth arrest of human dermal fibroblasts. Exp. Gerontol., 38, 1265-1270.
52. Herrmann,G., Brenneisen,P., Wlaschek,M., Wenk,J., Faisst,K., Quel,G., Hommel,C., Goerz,G., Ruzicka,T. et al. (1998) Psoralen photoactivation promotes morphological and functional changes in fibroblasts in vitro reminiscent of cellular senescence. J. Cell. Sci., 111(Pt 6), 759-767.
53. Ma,W., Hommel,C., Brenneisen,P., Peters,T., Smit,N., Sedivy,J., Scharffetter-Kochanek,K. and Waschek,M. (2003) Long-term growth arrest of PUVA-treated fibroblasts in G2/M in the absence of p16(INK4a) p21(CIPI) or p53. Exp. Dermatol., 12, 629-637.
54. Ma,W., Waschek,M., Hommel,C., Schneider,L.A. and Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. (2002) Psoralen plus UVA (PLTVA) induced premature senescence as a model for stress-induced premature senescence. Exp. Gerontol., 37, 1197-1201.
55. Borlon,C., Debacq-Chainiaux,F., Hinrichs,C., Scharfletter-Kochanek, K., Toussaint,O. and Wlaschek,M. (2007) The gene expression profile of psoralen plus UVA-induced premature senescence in skin fibroblasts resembles a combined DNA-damage and stress-induced cellular senescence response phenotype. Exp. Gerontol, 42, 911-923.
56. Hovest,M.G., Bruggenolte,N., Hosseini,K.S., Krieg,T. and Herrmann,G. (2006) Senescence of human fibroblasts after psoralen photoactivation is mediated by ATR kinase and persistent DNA damage foci at telomeres. Mol. Biol. Cell, 17, 1758-1767.
57. Majka,J. and Burgers,P.M. (2007) Clamping the Mecl/ATR checkpoint kinase into action. Cell Cycle, 6, 1157-1160.
58. Cardone,J.M., Revers,L.F., Machado,R.M., Bonatto,D., Brendel,M. and Henriques,J.A. (2006) Psoralen-sensitive mutant pso9-1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains-a mutant allele of the DNA damage checkpoint gene MEC3. DNA Repair, 5, 163-171.
59. Francia,S., Weiss,R.S., Hande,M.P., Freire,R. and d'Adda di, Fagagna,F. (2006) Telomere and telomerase modulation by the mammalian Rad9/Rad1/ Hus1 DNA-damage-checkpoint complex. Curr. Biol., 16, 1551-1558.
60. Griffith,J.D., Comeau,L., Rosenfield,S., Stansel,R.M., Bianchi,A., Moss,H. and de Lange,T. (1999) Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop. Cell, 97, 503-514.
61. Van Houten,B., Gamper,H., Hearst,J.E. and Sancar,A. (1986) Construction of DNA substrates modified with psoralen at a unique site and study of the action mechanism of ABC excinuclease on these uniformly modified substrates. J. Biol. Chem., 261, 14135-14141.
62. Santamaria,A.B., Davis,D.W., Nghiem,D.X., McConkey,D.J., Ullrich,S.E., Kapoor,M., Lozano,G. and Ananthaswamy,H.N. (2002) p53 and Fas ligand are required for psoralen and UVA-induced apoptosis in mouse epidermal cells. Cell Death Differ., 9, 549-560.
63. Marnett,L.J. (2000) Oxyradicals and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis, 21, 361-370.
64. Kadlubar,F.F., Anderson,K.E., Haussermann,S., Lang,N.P., Barone,G.W., Thompson,P.A., MacLeod,S.L., Chou,M.W., Mikhailova,M. et al. (1998) Comparison of DNA adduct levels associated with oxidative stress in human pancreas. Mutat. Res., 405, 125-133.
65. Sharma,R.A., Gescher,A., Plastaras,J.P., Leuratti,C., Singh,R., Gallacher-Horley,B., Offord,E., Marnett,L.J., Steward,W.P. et al. (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2, malondialdehyde and pyrimidopurinone adducts of deoxyguanosine in human colon cells. Carcinogenesis, 22, 1557-1560.
66. Niedernhofer,L.J., Daniels,J.S., Rouzer,C.A., Greene,R.E. and Marriett,L.J. (2003) Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic in human cells. J. Biol. Chem., 278, 31426-31433.
67. Esterbauer,H. (1993) Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of lipid-oxidation products. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 779S-785S, discussion.
68. Harman,D. (1956) Aging: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J. Gerontol., 11, 298-300.
69. de Magalhaes,J.P. and Church,G.M. (2006) Cells discover fire: Employing reactive oxygen species in development and consequences for aging. Exp. Gerontol., 41, 1-10.
70. Droge,W. and Schipper,H.M. (2007) Oxidative stress and aberrant signaling in aging and cognitive decline. Aging Cell, 6, 361-370.
71. Percy,C., Pat,B., Poronnik,P. and Gobe,G. (2005) Role of oxidative stress in age-associated chronic kidney pathologies. Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis., 12, 78-83.
72. Csiszar,A., Toth,J., Peti-Peterdi,J. and Ungvari,Z. (2007) The aging kidney: Role of endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation. Acta Physiol. Hung., 94, 107-115.
73. Anantharaju,A., Feller,A. and Chedid,A. (2002) Aging liver a review. Gerontology, 48, 343-353.
74. Rohrbach,S., Niemann,B., Abushouk,A.M. and Holtz,J. (2006) Caloric restriction and mitochondrial function in the ageing myocardium. Exp. Gerontol., 41, 525-531.
75. Van Remmen,H. and Richardson,A. (2001) Oxidative damage to mitochondria and aging. Exp. Gerontol., 36, 957-968.
76. Carrera-Rotllan,J. and Estrada-Garcia,L. (1998) Age-dependent changes and interrelations of number of cells and biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, TBARS, calcium, phosphorus) in cultured human vein endothelial cells. Mech. Ageing Dev., 103, 13-26.
77. Ando,K., Beppu,M. and Kikugawa,K. (1995) Evidence for accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides during the aging of human red blood cells in the circulation. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 18, 659-663.
78. Stolzing,A., Sethe,S. and Scutt,A.M. (2006) Stressed stem cells: temperature response in aged mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 15, 478-487.
79. Voss,P. and Siems,W. (2006) Clinical oxidation parameters of aging. Free Radic. Res., 40, 1339-1349.
80. Droge,W. (2002) Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol. Rev., 82, 47-95.
81. Wei,Y.H. and Lee,H.C. (2002) Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp. Biol. Med., 227, 671-682.
82. Arnould,S., Spanswick,V.J., Macpherson,J.S., Hartley,J.A., Thurston,D.E., Jodrell,D.I. and Guichard,S.M. (2006) Time-dependent cytotoxicity induced by SJG-136 (NSC 694501): Influence of the rate of interstrand cross-link formation on DNA damage signaling. Mol. Cancer Ther., 5, 1602-1609.
83. O'Driscoll,M., Dobyns,W.B., van Hagen,J.M. and Jeggo,P.A. (2007) Cellular and Clinical Impact of Haploinsufficiency for Genes Involved in ATR Signaling. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 81, 77-86.
84. Niedernhofer,L.J., Odijk,H., Budzowska,M., van Drunen,E., Maas,A., Theil,A.F., de Wit,J., Jaspers,N.G., Beverloo,H.B. et al. (2004) The structure-specific endonuclease Ercc1-Xpf is required to resolve DNA interstrand cross-link-induced double-strand breaks. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 5776-5787.
85. Clingen,P.H., Arlett,C.F., Hartley,J.A. and Parris,C.N. (2007) Chemosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts with defective unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links. Exp. Cell Res., 313, 753-760.
86. McWhir,J., Selfridge,J., Harrison,D.J., Squires,S. and Melton,D.W. (1993) Mice with DNA repair gene (ERCC-1) deficiency have elevated levels of p53, liver nuclear abnormalities and die before weaning. Nat. Genet., 5, 217-224.
87. Weeda,G., Donker,I., de Wit,J., Morreau,H., Janssens,R., Vissers,C.J., Nigg,A., van Steeg,H., Bootsma,D. et al. (1997) Disruption of mouse ERCC1 results in a novel repair syndrome with growth failure, nuclear abnormalities and senescence. Curr. Biol., 7, 427-439.
88. Tian,M., Shinkura,R., Shinkura,N. and Alt,F.W. (2004) Growth retardation, early death, and DNA repair defects in mice deficient for the nucleotide excision repair enzyme XPF. Mol. Cell. Biol., 24 1200-1205.
89. Hasty,P., Campisi,J., Hoeijmakers,J., van Steeg,H. and Vijg,J. (2003) Aging and genome maintenance: Lessons from the mouse? Science, 299, 1355-1359.
90. Jaspers,N.G., Raams,A., Silengo,M.C., Wijgers,N., Niedernhofer L.J., Robinson,A.R., Giglia-Mari,G., Hoogstraten,D., Kleijer,W.J. et al. (2007) First reported patient with human ERCC1 deficiency has cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome with a mild defect in nucleotide excision repair and severe developmental failure. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80, 457-466.
91. Radford,S.J., Goley,E., Baxter,K., McMahan,S. and Sekelsky,J. (2005) Drosophila ERCC1 is required for a subset of MEI-9-dependent meiotic crossovers. Genetics, 170, 1737-1745.
92. Shannon,M., Lamerdin,J.E., Richardson,L., McCutchen-Maloney,S.L., Hwang,M.H., Handel,M.A., Stubbs,L. and Thelen,M.P. (1999) Characterization of the mouse Xpf DNA repair gene and differential expression during spermatogenesis. Genomics, 62, 427-435.
93. Zhu,X.D., Niedernhofer,L., Kuster,B., Mann,M., Hoeijmakers,J.H. and de Lange,T. (2003) ERCC1/XPF removes the 3′ overhang from uncapped telomeres and represses formation of telomeric DNA-containing double minute chromosomes. Mol. Cell, 12, 1489-1498.
94. Wu,Y., Zacal,N.J., Rainbow,A.J. and Zhu,X.D. (2007) XPF with mutations in its conserved nuclease domain is defective in DNA repair but functions in TRF2-mediated telomere shortening. DNA. Repair, 6 157-166.
95. Zhang,N., Zhang,X., Peterson,C., Li,L. and Legerski,R. (2000) Differential processing of UV mimetic and interstrand crosslink damage by XPF cell extracts. Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 4800-4804.
96. Niedernhofer,L.J., Garinis,G.A., Raams,A., Lalai,A.S., Robinson,A.R., Appeldoorn,E., Odijk,H., Oostendorp,R., Ahmad,A. et al. (2006) A new progeroid syndrome reveals that genotoxic stress suppresses the somatotroph axis. Nature, 444, 1038-1043.
97. Fabrizio,P., Pozza,F., Pletcher,S.D., Gendron,C.M. and Longo,V.D. (2001) Regulation of longevity and stress resistance by Sch9 in yeast. Science, 292, 288-290.
98. Kenyon,C., Chang,J., Gensch,E., Rudner,A. and Tabtiang,R. (1993) A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type. Nature, 366, 461-464.
99. Clancy,D.J., Gems,D., Harshman,L.G., Oldham,S., Stocker,H., Hafen,E., Leevers,S.J. and Partridge,L. (2001) Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science, 292, 104-106.
100. Flurkey,K., Papaconstantinou,J., Miller,R.A. and Harrison,D.E. (2001) Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 6736-6741.
101. Bluher,M., Kahn,B.B. and Kahn,C.R. (2003) Extended longevity in mice lacking the insulin receptor in adipose tissue. Science, 299 572-574.
102. Bartke,A. (2005) Minireview: Role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian aging. Endocrinology, 146, 3718-3723.
103. Kirschner,K., Singh,R., Prost,S. and Melton,D.W. (2007) Characterisation of Ercc1 deficiency in the liver and in conditional Ercc1-deficient primary hepatocytes in vitro. DNA Repair, 6, 304-316.
104. -/- mice. EMBO J., 24, 861-871.
105. Pepper,C., Lowe,H., Fegan,C., Thurieau,C., Thurston,D.E., Hartley,J.A. and Delavault,P. (2007) Fludarabine-mediated suppression of the excision repair enzyme ERCC1 contributes to the cytotoxic synergy with the DNA minor groove crosslinking agent SJG-136 (NSC 694501) in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Br. J. Cancer, 97, 253-259.
106. Yang,L.Y., Li,L., Keating,M.J. and Plunkett,W. (1995) Arabinosyl-2-fluoroadenine augments cisplatin cytotoxicity and inhibits cisplatin-DNA cross-link repair. Mol. Pharmacol., 47, 1072-1079.
107. Moufarij,M.A., Sampath,D., Keating,M.J. and Plunkett,W. (2006) Fludarabine increases oxaliplatin cytotoxicity in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes by suppressing interstrand DNA crosslink removal. Blood, 108, 4187-4193.
108. Li,L., Keating,M.J., Plunkett,W. and Yang,L.Y. (1997) Fludarabine-mediated repair inhibition of cisplatin-induced DNA lesions in human chronic myelogenous leukemia-blast crisis K562 cells: Induction of synergistic cytotoxicity independent of reversal of apoptosis resistance. Mol. Pharmacol., 52, 798-806.
109. Montillo,M., Ricci,F. and Tedeschi,A. (2006) Role of fludarabine in hematological malignancies. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther., 6, 1141-1161.
110. Tischkowitz,M. and Dokal,I. (2004) Fanconi anaemia and leukaemia - clinical and molecular aspects. Br. J. Haematol., 126, 176-191.
111. Ciccia,A., Ling,C., Coulthard,R., Yan,Z., Xue,Y., Meetei,A.R., Laghmani el,H., Joenje,H., McDonald,N. et al. (2007) Identification of FAAP24, a Fanconi anemia core complex protein that interacts with FANCM. Mol. Cell, 25, 331-343.
112. Niedernhofer,L.J. (2007) The Fanconi anemia signalosome anchor. Mol. Cell, 25, 487-490.
113. Taniguchi,T. and D'Andrea,A.D. (2006) Molecular pathogenesis of Fanconi anemia: Recent progress. Blood, 107, 4223-4233.
114. Schroeder-Kurth,T. (2007) Fanconi anemia. a paradigmatic disease for the understanding of cancer and aging. In Schindler,D.H.H. (ed.), Monographic Human Genetics, Vol. 15; Karger, Basel, pp. 1-8.
115. Ball,S.E., Gibson,F.M., Rizzo,S., Tooze,J.A., Marsh,J.C. and Gordon-Smith,E.C. (1998) Progressive telomere shortening in aplastic anemia. Blood, 91, 3582-3592.
116. Leteurtre,F., Li,X., Guardiola,P., Le Roux,G., Sergere,J.C., Richard,P., Carosella,E.D. and Gluckman,E. (1999) Accelerated telomere shortening and telomerase activation in Fanconi's anaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 105, 883-893.
117. Hanson,H., Mathew,C.G., Docherty,Z. and Mackie Ogilvie,C. (2001) Telomere shortening in Fanconi anaemia. demonstrated by a direct FISH approach. Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 93, 203-206.
118. Cabuy,E., Newton,C., Joksic,G., Woodbine,L., Koller,B., Jeggo,P.A. and Slijepcevic,P. (2005) Accelerated telomere shortening and telomere abnormalities in radiosensitive cell lines. Radiat. Res., 164 53-62.
119. Thompson,K.V. and Holliday,R. (1983) Genetic effects on the longevity of cultured human fibroblasts. II. DNA repair deficient syndromes. Gerontology, 29, 83-88.
120. Adelfalk,C., Lorenz,M., Serra,V., von Zglinicki,T., Hirsch-Kauffmann,M. and Schweiger,M. (2001) Accelerated telomere shortening in Fanconi anemia fibroblasts-a longitudinal study. FEBS Lett., 506, 22-26.
121. Callen,E., Samper,E., Ramirez,M.J., Creus,A., Marcos,R., Ortega,J.J., Olive,T., Badell,I., Blasco,M.A. et al. (2002) Breaks at telomeres and TRF2-independent end fusions in Fanconi anemia. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11, 439-444.
122. Bagby,G.C.,Jr (2003) Genetic basis of Fanconi anemia. Curr. Opin. Hematol., 10, 68-76.
123. Bogliolo,M., Cabre,O., Callen,E., Castillo,V., Creus,A., Marcos,R. and Surralles,J. (2002) The Fanconi anaemia genome stability and tumour suppressor network. Mutagenesis, 17, 529-538.
124. Li,X., Leteurtre,F., Rocha,V., Guardiola,P., Berger,R., Daniel,M.T., Noguera,M.H., Maarek,O., Roux,G.L. et al. (2003) Abnormal telomere metabolism in Fanconi's anaemia correlates with genomic instability and the probability of developing severe aplastic anaemia. Br. J. Haematol., 120, 836-845.
125. Donoho,G., Brenneman,M.A., Cui,T.X., Donoviel,D., Vogel,H., Goodwin,E.H., Chen,D.J. and Hasty,P. (2003) Deletion of Brca2 exon 21 causes hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinks, chromosomal instability, and reduced life span in mice. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 36, 317-331.
126. Zhang,X., Li,J., Sejas,D.P. and Pang,Q. (2005) Hypoxia-reoxygenation induces premature senescence in FA bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Blood, 106, 75-85.
127. Zhang,X., Sejas,D.P., Qiu,Y., Williams,D.A. and Pang,Q. (2007) Inflammatory ROS promote and cooperate with the Fanconi anemia mutation for hematopoietic senescence. J. Cell. Sci., 120, 1572-1583.
128. Duckworth-Rysiecki,G. and Taylor,A.M. (1985) Effects of ionizing radiation on cells from Fanconi's anemia patients. Cancer Res., 45, 416-420.
129. Carreau,M., Alon,N., Bosnoyan-Collins,L., Joenje,H. and Buchwald,M. (1999) Drug sensitivity spectra in Fanconi anemia lymphoblastoid cell lines of defined complementation groups. Mutat. Res., 435, 103-109.
130. Tebbs,R.S., Hinz,J.M., Yamada,N.A., Wilson,J.B., Salazar,E.P., Thomas,C.B., Jones,I.M., Jones,N.J. and Thompson,L.H. (2005) New insights into the Fanconi anemia pathway from an isogenic FancG hamster CHO mutant. DNA Repair, 4, 11-22.
131. Taniguchi,T., Garcia-Higuera,I., Xu,B., Andreassen,P.R., Gregory,R.C., Kim,S.T., Lane,W.S., Kastan,M.B. and D'Andrea,A.D. (2002) Convergence of the fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia signaling pathways. Cell 109, 459-472.
132. Zhang,N., Liu,X., Li,L. and Legerski,R. (2007) Double-strand breaks induce homologous recombinational repair of interstrand cross-links via cooperation of MSH2, ERCC1-XPF, REV3, and the Fanconi anemia pathway. DNA Repair, 6, 1670-1678.
133. Hinz,J.M., Nham,P.B., Salazar,E.P. and Thompson,L.H. (2006) The Fanconi anemia pathway limits the severity of mutagenesis. DNA Repair, 5, 875-884.
134. Lee,J.W., Harrigan,J., Opresko,P.L. and Bohr,V.A. (2005) Pathways and functions of the Werner syndrome protein. Mech. Ageing Dev., 126, 79-86.
135. Poot,M., Gollahon,K.A., Emond,M.J., Silber,J.R. and Rabinovitch,P.S. (2002) Werner syndrome diploid fibroblasts are sensitive to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and 8-methoxypsoralen: Implications for the disease phenotype. FASEB J., 16, 757-758.
136. Poot,M., Yom,J.S., Whang,S.H., Kato,J.T., Gollahon,K.A. and Rabinovitch,P.S. (2001) Werner syndrome cells are sensitive to DNA cross-linking drugs. FASEB J., 15, 1224-1226.
137. Cheng,W.H., Kusumoto,R., Opresko,P.L., Sui,X., Huang,S., Nicolette,M.L., Paull,T.T., Campisi,J., Seidman,M. et al. (2006) Collaboration of Werner syndrome protein and BRCA1 in cellular responses to DNA interstrand cross-links. Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 2751-2760.
138. Zhang,N., Kaur,R., Lu,X., Shen,X., Li,L. and Legerski,R.J. (2005) The Pso4 mRNA splicing and DNA repair complex interacts with WRN for processing of DNA interstrand cross-links. J. Biol. Chem., 280 40559-40567.
139. Otterlei,M., Bruheim,P., Ahn,B., Bussen,W., Karmakar,P., Baynton,K. and Bohr,V.A. (2006) Werner syndrome protein participates in a complex with RAD51, RAD54, RAD54B and ATR in response to ICL-induced replication arrest. J. Cell. Sci., 119, 5137-5146.
140. Dhillon,K.K., Sidorova,J., Saintigny,Y., Poot,M., Gollahon,K., Rabinovitch,P.S. and Monnat,R.J.Jr. (2007) Functional role of the Werner syndrome RecQ helicase in human fibroblasts. Aging Cell, 6, 53-61.
141. Saffi,J., Feldmann,H., Winnacker,E.L. and Henriques,J.A. (2001) Interaction of the yeast Pso5/Rad16 and Sgs1 proteins: Influences on DNA repair and aging. Mutat. Res., 486, 195-206.
142. Brendel,M., Bonatto,D., Strauss,M., Revers,L.F., Pungartnik,C., Saffi,J. and Henriques,J.A. (2003) Role of PSO genes in repair of DNA damage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat. Res., 544, 179-193.
143. von Kobbe,C., Karmakar,P., Dawut,L., Opresko,P., Zeng,X., Brosh,R.M.,Jr, Hickson,I.D. and Bohr,V.A. (2002) Colocalization, physical, and functional interaction between Werner and Bloom syndrome proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 277, 22035-22044.
144. Pichierri,P., Franchitto,A. and Rosselli,F. (2004) BLM and the FANC proteins collaborate in a common pathway in response to stalled replication forks. EMBO J., 23, 3154-3163.
145. Slupianek,A., Gurdek,E., Koptyra,M., Nowicki,M.O., Siddiqui,K.M., Groden,J. and Skorski,T. (2005) BLM helicase is activated in BCR/ABL leukemia cells to modulate responses to cisplatin. Oncogene, 24 3914-3922.
146. Cheng,W.H., von Kobbe,C., Opresko,P.L., Arthur,L.M., Komatsu,K., Seidman,M.M., Carney,J.P. and Bohr,V.A. (2004) Linkage between Werner syndrome protein and the Mre11 complex via Nbs1. J. Biol. Chem., 279, 21169-21176.
147. Hirano,S., Yamamoto,K., Ishiai,M., Yamazoe,M., Seki,M., Matsushita,N., Ohzeki,M., Yamashita,Y.M., Arakawa,H. et al. (2005) Functional relationships of FANCC to homologous recombination, translesion synthesis, and BLM. EMBO J., 24, 418-427.
148. Franchitto,A. and Pichierri,P. (2002) Bloom's syndrome protein is required for correct relocalization of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 complex after replication fork arrest. J. Cell. Biol., 157, 19-30.
149. Zhang,R., Sengupta,S., Yang,Q., Linke,S.P., Yanaihara,N., Bradsher,J., Blais,V., McGowan,C.H. and Harris,C.C. (2005) BLM helicase facilitates Mus81 endonuclease activity in human cells. Cancer Res., 65, 2526-2531.
150. Hanada,K., Budzowska,M., Modesti,M., Maas,A., Wyman,C., Essers,J. and Kanaar,R. (2006) The structure-specific endonuclease Mus81-Eme1 promotes conversion of interstrand DNA crosslinks into double-strands breaks. EMBO J., 25, 4921-4932.
151. Trowbridge,K., McKim,K., Brill,S.J. and Sekelsky,J. (2007) Synthetic lethality in the absence of the Drosophila MUS81 endonuclease and the DmBlm helicase is associated with elevated apoptosis. Genetics, 176, 1993-2001.
152. Martin,G.M. and Oshima,J. (2000) Lessons from human progeroid syndromes. Nature, 408, 263-266.
153. Crabbe,L., Jauch,A., Naeger,C.M., Holtgreve-Grez,H. and Karlseder,J. (2007) Telomere dysfunction as a cause of genomic instability in Werner syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 2205-2210.
154. Goldstein,S. and Harley,C.B. (1979) In vitro studies of age-associated diseases. Fed. Proc., 38, 1862-1867.
155. Du,X., Shen,J., Kugan,N., Furth,E.E., Lombard,D.B., Cheung,C., Pak,S., Luo,G., Pignolo,R.J. et al. (2004) Telomere shortening exposes functions for the mouse Werner and Bloom syndrome genes. Mol. Cell. Biol., 24, 8437-8446.
156. Sarkar,S., Davies,A.A., Ulrich,H.D. and McHugh,P.J. (2006) DNA interstrand crosslink repair during G1 involves nucleotide excision repair and DNA polymerase zeta. EMBO J., 25, 1285-1294.
157. Bonatto,D., Revers,L.F., Brendel,M. and Henriques,J.A. (2005) The eukaryotic Pso2/Snm1/Artemis proteins and their function as genomic and cellular caretakers. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 38, 321-334.
158. Dronkert,M.L., de Wit,J., Boeve,M., Vasconcelos,M.L., van Steeg,H., Tan,T.L., Hoeijmakers,J.H. and Kanaar,R. (2000) Disruption of mouse SNM1 causes increased sensitivity to the DNA interstrand cross-linking agent mitomycin C. Mol. Cell. Biol., 20, 4553-4561.
159. Demuth,I., Digweed,M. and Concannon,P. (2004) Human SNM1B is required for normal cellular response to both DNA interstrand crosslink-inducing agents and ionizing radiation. Oncogene, 23, 8611-8618.
160. Ahkter,S., Richie,C.T., Zhang,N., Behringer,R.R., Zhu,C. and Legerski,R.J. (2005) Snm1-deficient mice exhibit accelerated tumorigenesis and susceptibility to infection. Mol. Cell. Biol., 25, 10071-10078.
161. van Overbeek,M. and de Lange,T. (2006) Apollo, an Artemis-related nuclease, interacts with TRF2 and protects human telomeres in S phase. Curr. Biol., 16, 1295-1302.
162. Freibaum,B.D. and Counter,C.M. (2006) hSnm1B is a novel telomere-associated protein. J. Biol. Chem., 281, 15033-15036.
163. Lenain,C., Bauwens,S., Amiard,S., Brunori,M., Giraud-Panis,M.J. and Gilson,E. (2006) The Apollo 5′ exonuclease functions together with TRF2 to protect telomeres from DNA repair. Curr. Biol., 16, 1303-1310.
164. Mahajan,K.N. and Mitchell,B.S. (2003) Role of human Pso4 in mammalian DNA repair and association with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 10746-10751.
165. Lu,X. and Legerski,R.J. (2007) The Prp19/Pso4 core complex undergoes ubiquitylation and structural alterations in response to DNA damage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 354, 968-974.
166. Grey,M., Dusterhoft,A., Henriques,J.A. and Brendel,M. (1996) Allelism of PSO4 and PRP19 links pre-mRNA processing with recombination and error-prone DNA repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res., 24, 4009-4014.
167. Grillari,J., Ajuh,P., Stadler,G., Loscher,M., Voglauer,R., Ernst,W., Chusainow,J., Eisenhaber,F., Pokar,M. et al. (2005) SNEV is an evolutionarily conserved splicing factor whose oligomerization is necessary for spliceosome assembly. Nucleic Acids Res., 33, 6868-6883.
168. Henriques,J.A., Vicente,E.J., Leandro da Silva,K.V. and Schenberg,A.C. (1989) PSO4: A novel gene involved in error-prone repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat. Res., 218, 111-124.
169. Morais Junior,M.A., Brozmanova,J., Benfato,M.S., Duraj,J., Vlckova,V. and Henriques,J.A. (1994) The E. coli recA gene can restore the defect in mutagenesis of the pso4-1 mutant of S. cerevisiae. Mutat. Res., 314, 209-220.
170. Morais Junior,M.A., Vicente,E.J., Brozmanova,J., Schenberg,A.C. and Henriques,J.A. (1996) Further characterization of the yeast pso4-1 mutant: Interaction with rad51 and rad52 mutants after photoinduced psoralen lesions. Curr. Genet., 29, 211-218.
171. Grillari,J., Hohenwarter,O., Grabherr,R.M. and Katinger,H. (2000) Subtractive hybridization of mRNA from early passage and senescent endothelial cells. Exp. Gerontol., 35, 187-197.
172. Voglauer,R., Chang,M.W., Dampier,B., Wieser,M., Baumann,K., Sterovsky,T., Schreiber,M., Katinger,H. and Grillari,J. (2006) SNEV overexpression extends the life span of human endothelial cells. Exp. Cell Res., 312, 746-759.
173. Fortschegger,K., Wagner,B., Voglauer,R., Katinger,H., Sibilia,M. and Grillari,J. (2007) Early embryonic lethality of mice lacking the essential protein SNEV. Mol. Cell. Biol., 27, 3123-3130.
174. Schraml,E., Voglauer,R., Fortschegger,K., Sibilia,M., Grillari,J. and Schauenstein,K. (in press) The expression of mSNEV, the murine homologue of human senescence evasion factor (SNEVPrp19/Pso4), is associated with the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev.
175. Ajuh,P., Kuster,B., Panov,K., Zomerdijk,J.C., Mann,M. and Lamond,A.I. (2000) Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry. EMBO J., 19, 6569-6581.
176. Hatakeyama,S., Yada,M., Matsumoto,M., Ishida,N. and Nakayama,K.I. (2001) U-Box proteins as a new family of ubiquitin-protein ligases. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 33111-33120.
177. Loscher,M., Fortschegger,K., Ritter,G., Wostry,M., Voglauer,R., Schmid,J.A., Watters,S., Rivett,A.J., Ajuh,P. et al. (2005) Interaction of U-box E3 ligase SNEV with PSMB4, the beta7 subunit of the 20S proteasome. Biochem. J., 388, 593-603.
178. Cho,S.Y., Shin,E.S., Park,P.J., Shin,D.W., Chang,H.K., Kim,D., Lee,H.H., Lee,J.H., Kim,S.H. et al. (2006) Identification of mouse Prp19p as a lipid droplet-associated protein and its possible involvement in the biogenesis of lipid droplets. J. Biol. Chem., 20, 20.
179. Kirkwood,T.B. (2005) Understanding the odd science of aging. Cell, 120, 437-447.