Conjugated linoleic acids: Occurrence in food and physiological properties;Acides linoléiques conjugués: Présence dans les aliments et propriétés physiologiques

Sciences des Aliments

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 291-314

  Ledoux, M ^a   Laloux, L ^a  

^a Healthy Pigs Production and Experimentation Section   (France)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cancer; CLA; Metabolic syndrome; Milk

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOVIDAE;

EID: 33750024728     PISSN: 02408813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3166/sda.26.291-314     Document Type: Review

References (143)

1. ARBONÉS-MAINAR J.M., NAVARRO M.A., ACIN S., GUZMAN M.A., ARNAL C., SURRA J.C., CARNICER R., ROCHE H.M., OSADA J., 2006. Trans-10, cis-12- and cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid isomers selectively modify HDL-apolipoprotein composition in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J. Nutr., 136, 353-359.
2. AZAIN M.J., HAUSMA D.B., SISK M.B., FLATT W.P., JEWELL D.E., 2000. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces rat adipose tissue cell size rather than cell number. J. Nutr., 130, 1548-1554.
3. AZAIN M.J., 2003. Conjugated linoleic acid and its effects on animal products and health in single-stomached animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 62, 319-328.
4. BANNI S., DAY B.W., EVANS R.W., CORONGIU F.P., LONMBARDI B., 1995. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of conjugated diene fatty acids in partially hydrogenated fat. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71, 1321-1325.
5. BANNI S., CARTA G., CONTINI M.S., ANGIONI E., DEIANA M., DESSI M.A., MELIS M.P., COROGIU F.P., 1996. Characterization of conjugated diene fatty acids in milk, dairy products, and lamb tissues. Nutritional Biochemistry, 7, 150-155.
6. BANNI S., CARTA G., ANGIONI E., MURRU E., SCANU P., MELIS M.P., BAUMAN D.E., FISCHER S.M., IP C., 2001. Distribution of conjugated linoleic acid and metabolites in different lipid fractions in the rat liver. J. Lipid Res., 42, 1056-1061.
7. BASSAGANYA-RIERA J., POGRANICHNIY R.M., JOBGEN S.C., HALBUR P.G., YOON K.-J., O'SHEA M., MOHEDE I.C.M., HONTECILLAS R., 2003. Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates viral infectivity in pig model of virally induced immunosuppression. J. Nutr., 133, 3204-3214.
8. BASSAGANYA-RIERA J., REYNOLDS K., MARTINO-CATTS S., CUIS Y., HENNIGHAUSENS L., GONZALEZ F., ROHRER J., BENNINGHOFF A.U., HONTECILLAS R., 2004. Activation of PPAR γ and δ by conjugated linoleic acid mediates protection from experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology, 127, 777-791.
9. BELURY M.A., NICKEL K.P., BIRD C.E., WU Y., 1996. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulation of phorbol ester skin tumor promotion. Nutr. Cancer, 26, 149-157.
10. BENITO P., NELSON G.J., KELLEY D.S., BARTOLINI G., SCHMIDT P.C., SIMON V., 2001. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. Lipids, 36, 229-236.
11. BERDEAUX O., GNAEDIG S., CHARDIGNY J.-M., LOREAU O., NOËL J.-P., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., 2002. In vitro desaturation and elongation of rumenic acid by rat liver microsomes. Lipids, 37, 1039-1045.
12. BLANKSON H., STAKKESTAD J., FAGERTUN H., THOM E., WADSTEIN J., GUDMUNDSEN O., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. J. Nutr., 130, 2943-2948.
13. BONTEMPO V., SCIANNIMANICO D., PASTORELLI G., ROSSI R., ROSI F., CORINO C., 2004. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid positively affects immunologic variables in lactating sows and piglets. J. Nutr., 134, 817-824.
14. BOUTHERGOURD J.-C., EVEN P.C., GRIPOIS D., TIFFON B., BLOUQUIT M.-F., ROSEAU S., LUTTON C., TOMÉ D., MARTIN J.-C., 2002. A CLA mixture prevents body triglyceride accumulation without affecting energy expenditure in Syrian hamsters. J. Nutr., 132, 2682-2689.
15. BRODIE A.E., V.A. M., FERGUSON K.R., JEWELL D.E., HU C.Y., 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits differentiation of pre- and post-confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but inhibits cell proliferation only in pre-confluent cells. J. Nutr., 129, 602-606.
16. CHAJES V., LAVILLONNIERE F., MAILLARD V., GIRAUDEAU B., JOURDAN M.-L., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., BOUGNOUX P., 2003. Conjugated linoleic acid content in breast adipose tissue of breast cancer patients and the risk of metastasis. Nutr. Cancer, 45, 17-23.
17. CHENG J.L., FUTAKUCHI M., OGAWA J., IWATA T., KASAI M., TOKUDOME S., HIROSE M., SHIRAI T., 2003. Dose response study of conjugated fatty acid derived from safflower oil on mammary and colon carcinogenesis pretreated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in female Sprague-Dawleys rats. Cancer Letters, 196, 161-168.
18. CHEW B.P., WONG T.S., SHULTZ T.D., MAGNUSON N.S., 1997. Effects of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and beta-carotene in modulating lymphocyte and macrophage function. Anticancer Res., 17, 1099-1106.
19. CHILLIARD Y., FERLAY A., DOREAU M., 2001. Contrôle de la qualité nutritionnelle des matières grasses du lait par l'alimentation des vaches laitières: acides gras trans, polyinsaturés, acide linoléique conjugué. INRA Prod. Anim., 14, 323-335.
20. CHIN S.F., LIU W., STORKSON J.M., HA Y.L., PARIZA M.W., 1992. Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognized class of anticarcinogens. J. Food Compos. Anal., 5, 185-197.
21. CHIN S.F., STORKSON J.M., ALBRIGHT K.J., COOK M.E., PARIZA M.W., 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. J. Nutr., 124, 2344-2349.
22. CLÉMENT L., POIRIER H., NIOT I., BOCHER V., GUERRE-MILO M., KRIEF S., STAELS B., BESNARD P., 2002. Dietary trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver in the mouse. J. Lipid Res., 43, 1400-1409.
23. COOK M., DEVONEY D., DRAKE B., PARIZA M.W., WHIGHAM L., YANG M., 1999. Dietary control of immune-induced cachexia: conjugated linoleic acid and immunity. In: YURAWECZ M.P., MOSSOBA M.M., KRAMER J.K.G., PARIZA M.W., NELSON G.J., eds. Advances in conjugated linoleic acid research. AOCS Press, Champaing, IL. Pages 226-237.
24. COOK M.E., MILLER C.C., PARK Y., PARIZA M.W., 1993. Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism: nutritional control of immune-induced growth depression. Poultry Science, 72, 1301-1305.
25. CORL B.A., BAUMGARD L.H., GRIINARI J.M., DELMONTE P., MOREHOUSE K.M., YURAWECZ M.P., BAUMAN D.E., 2002. Trans-7, cis-9 CLA is synthesized endogenously by a Δ9-desaturase in dairy cows. Lipids, 37, 681-688.
26. COUET C., GRÉGOIRE S., OBJOIS M., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., DELBACHIAN I., CHARDIGNY J.-M., 2004. Teneur en acide ruménique (c9,t11 18:2 n-9; CLA) du tissu adipeux (TA) humain et phénotype métabolique. Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, 18, S28.
27. DE DECKERE E.A.M., VAN AMELSVOORT J.M.M., MCNEIL G.P., JONES P., 1999. Effects of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) isomers on lipid levels and peroxisome proliferation in the hamster. Br. J. Nutr., 82, 309-317.
28. DEGRACE P., DEMIZIEUX L.G., J., CHARDIGNY J.-M., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., CLOUET P., 2003. Association of liver steatosis with lipid oversecretion and hypotriglyceridaemia in C57BL/6j mice fed trans-10, cis-12 linoleic acid. FEBS Letters, 546, 335-339.
29. DELANY J.P., BLOHM F., TRUETT A.A., SCIMECA J.A., WEST D.B., 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol., 276, R1172-R1179.
30. DESBORDES C., LEA M.A., 1995. Effects of C18 fatty acid isomers on DNA synthesis in hepatoma and breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res., 15, 2017-2021.
31. DUGAN M.E.R., AALHUS J.L., SCHAEFER A.L., KRAMER J.K.G., 1997. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean repartitioning and feed conversion in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 77, 723-725.
32. DUGAN M.E.R., AALHUS J.L., KRAMER J.K.G., 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid pork research. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79(suppl), 1212S-1216S.
33. FOGERTY A.C., FORD G.L., SVORONOS D., 1988. Octadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid in foodstuffs and in lipids of human blood and breast milk. Nutrition Reports International, 38, 937-943.
34. FRITSCHE J., STEINHART H., 1998. Amounts of conjugated linoleic acid in German foods and evaluation of daily intake. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsh. A, 206, 77-82.
35. GAULLIER J.-M., HALSE J., HOYE K., KRISTIANSEN K., FAGERTUN H., VIK H., GUDMUNDSEN O., 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 year reduces body fat mass inhealthy overweight humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 1118-1125.
36. GAULLIER J.-M., HALSE J., HOYE K., KRISTIANSEN K., FAGERTUN H., VIK H., GUDMUNDSEN O., 2005. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans. J. Nutr., 135, 778-784.
37. GAVINO V.C., GAVINO G., LEBLANC M.-J., TUCHWEBER B., 2000. An isomeric mixture of conjugated linoleic acids but not pure cis-9, trans-11- octadecadienoic acid affects body weight gain and plasma lipids in hamsters. J. Nutr., 130, 27-29.
38. GRIINARI J.M., BAUMAN D.E., 1999. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and its incorporation into meat and milk in ruminants. In: YURAWECZ M.P., MOSSOBA M.M., KRAMER J.K.G., PARIZA M.W., NELSON G.J., eds. Advances in conjugated linoleic acid research. Vol. 1. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL (USA). Pages 180-200.
39. GRIINARI J.M., CORL B.A., LACY S.H., CHOUINARD P.Y., NURMELA K.V.V., BAUMAN D.E., 2000. Conjugated Linoleic Acid is synthesized endogeneously in lactating dairy cows by A9-desaturase. J. Nutr., 130, 2285-2291.
40. HA Y.L., GRIMM N.K., PARIZA M.W., 1987. Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis, 8, 1881-1887.
41. HA Y.L., GRIMM N.K., PARIZA M.W., 1989. Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: identification and quantification in natural and processed cheeses. J. Agric. Food Chem., 37, 75-81.
42. HA Y.L., STORKSON J.M., PARIZA M.W., 1990. Inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neaoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. Cancer Res., 50, 1097-1101.
43. HENRIKSEN E.J., TEACHEY M.K., TAYLOR Z.C., JACOB S., PTOCK A., KRÄMER K., HASSELWANDER O., 2003. Isomer-specific actions of conjugated linoleic acid on muscle glucose transport in the obese Zucker rat. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 285, E98-E105.
44. HOUSEKNECHT K.L., VANDEN HEUVEL J.P., MOYA-CAMARENA S.Y., PORTOCARRERO C.P., PECK L.W., NICKEL K.P., BELURY M.A., 1998. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes impaired glucose tolerance in the zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 244, 678-682.
45. HUBBARD N.E., LIM D., SUMMERS L., ERICKSON K.L., 2000. Reduction of murine mammary tumor metastasis by conjugated linoleic acid. Cancer Letters, 150, 93-100.
46. IP C., CHIN S.F., SCIMECA J.A., PARIZA M.W., 1991. Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. Cancer Res., 51, 6118-6124.
47. IP C., SCIMECA J.A., THOMPSON H.J., 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid. A powerful anticarcinogen from animal fat source. Cancer, 74, 1050-1054.
48. IP C., SCIMECA J.A., THOMPSON H., 1995. Effect of timing and duration of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on mammary cancer prevention. Nutr. Cancer, 24, 241-247.
49. IP C., BRIGGS S.P., HAEGELE A.D., THOMPSON H.J., STORKSON J.M., SCIMECA J.A., 1996. The efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid in mammary cancer prevention is independant of the level or type of fat in the diet. Carcinogenesis, 17, 1045-1050.
50. IP C., JIANG C., THOMPSON H.J., SCIMECA J.A., 1997. Retention of conjugated linoleic acid in the mammary gland is associated with tumor inhibition during the post-initiation phase of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 18, 755-759.
51. IP C., BANNI S., ANGIONI E., CARTA G., MCGINLEY J., THOMPSON H.J., BARBAND D., BAUMAN D.E., 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched butter fat alters mammary gland morphogenesis and reduce cancer risk in rats. J. Nutr., 129, 2135-2142.
52. IP C., DONG Y., IP M.M., BANNI S., CARTA G., ANGIONI E., MURRU E., SPADA S., MELIS M.P., SAEBO A., 2002. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and mammary cancer prevention. Nutr. Cancer, 43, 52-58.
53. JIANG J., BJÖRCK L., FONDÉN R., 1997. Conjugated linoleic acid in Swedish dairy products with special reference to the manufacture of hard cheeses. Int. Dairy J., 863-867.
54. JIANG J., WOLK A., VESSBY B., 1999. Relation between the intake of milk fat and the occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in human adipose tissue. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70, 21-27.
55. JUANÉDA P., CORDER O., GRÉGOIRE S., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in heat-treated vegetable oils. OCL, 8, 94-97.
56. JUANÉDA P., BRAC DE LA PÉRRIÈRE S., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., GRÉGOIRE S., 2003. Influence of heat and refining on formation of CLA isomers in sunflower oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 80, 937-940.
57. KAMPHUIS M.M.J.W., LEJEUNE M.P.G.M., SARIS W.H.M., WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA M.S., 2003. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects. Int. J. Obesity, 27, 840-847.
58. KELLEY D.S., ERICKSON K.L., 2003. Modulation of body composition and immune cell functions by conjugated linoleic acid in humans and animal models: benefits vs. risks. Lipids, 38, 377-386.
59. KEMP M.Q., JEFFY B.D., ROMAGNOLO D.F., 2003. Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits cell proliferation through a p53-dependant mechanism: effects of the expression of G1-restriction points in breast and colon cancer. J. Nutr., 133, 3670-3677.
60. KIM K.-H., PARK H.-S., 2003. Dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid reduces colon tumor incidence in DMH-treated rats by increasing apoptosis with modulation of biomarkers. Nutrition, 19, 772-777.
61. KOHNO H., SUZUKI R., NOGUCHI R., HOSOKAWA M., MIYASHITA K., TANAKA T., 2002. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid inhibits azomethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats. Jpn J. Cancer Res., 93, 133-142.
62. KRAFT J., COLLOMB M., MÖCKEL P., SIEBER R., JAHREIS G., 2003. Differences in CLA isomer distribution of cow's milk lipids. Lipids, 38, 657-664.
63. KRAMER J.K.G., ZHOU J., 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid and octadecenoic acids: Extraction and isolation of lipids. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 103, 594-600.
64. KREIDER R.B., WILSON M., FERREIRA M.P., GREENWOOD M., ALMADA A.L., 2002. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training on body composition, bone density, strength, and selected hematological markers. J. Strength Cond. res., 16, 325-334.
65. KRITCHEVSKY D., TEPPER S.A., WRIGHT S., TSO P., CZARNECKI S.K., 2000. Influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on establishment and progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits. J. Am. College Nutr., 19, 472S-477S.
66. LALOUX L., DU CHAFFAUT L., LAFAY L., RAZANAMAHEFA L., 2005. Données de composition des aliments et de consommation. In: LÉGER C.-L., ed. Rapport AFSSA sur les risques et bénéfices pour la santé des AG trans apportés par les aliments - Recommandations. Vol. 1. AFSSA, Maisons Alfort, 51-96.
67. LAVILLONNIÈRE F., MARTIN J.-C., BOUGNOUX P., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., 1998. Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid isomers and content in French cheeses. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, 343-352.
68. LAVILLONNIÈRE F., CHAJES V., MARTIN J.-C., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., LHUYLLERY C., BOUGNOUX P., 2003. Dietary purified cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid isomer has anticarcinogenic properties in chemically induced mammary tumors in rats. Nutr. Cancer, 45, 190-194.
69. LEDOUX M., LALOUX L., SAUVANT D., 2000. Les isomères trans des acides gras: origine et présence dans l'alimentation. Sci. Alim., 20, 393-411.
70. LEDOUX M., CHARDIGNY J.-M., DARBOIS M., SOUSTRE Y., SÉBÉDIO J.-S., LALOUX L., 2003. Variations saisonnières et régionales des taux d'acides linoléiques conjugués dans les beurres français. Sci. Alim., 23, 443-462.
71. LEDOUX M., LALOUX L., 2006. Évolution des teneurs en acide ruménique du lait au beurre: variations saisonnières et régionales. Sci. Alim., 26, 123-141.
72. LEDOUX M., LALOUX L., FONTAINE J.-J., CARPENTIER Y.A., CHARDIGNY J.-M., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., 2006. Rumenic acid significantly reduces plasma levels of LDL and small dense LDL cholesterol in hamsters fed a cholesterol- and lipid-enriched semi-purified diet. Lipids, Soumis pour publication.
73. LEE J.H., CHO K.H., LEE K.-T., KIM M.R., 2005. Antiatherogenic effects of structured lipid containing conjugated linoleic acid in C57BL/6J mice. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 7295-7301.
74. LEE K.N., KRITCHEVSKY D., PARIZA M.W., 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis, 108, 19-25.
75. LIEW C., SCHUT H.A., CHIN S.F., PARIZA M.W., DASHWOOD R.H., 1995. Protection of conjugated linoleic acids against 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline-induced colon carcinogenesis in the F344 rat: a study of inhibitory mechanisms. Carcinogenesis, 16, 3037-3043.
76. LIN H., BOYLSTON T.D., CHANG M.J., LUEDECKE L.O., SHULTZ T.D., 1995. Survey of conjugated linoleic acid contents in dairy products. J. Dairy Sci., 78, 2358-2365.
77. LOCK A.L., HORNE C.A.M., BAUMAN D.E., SALTER A.M., 2005. Butter naturally enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid alters tissue fatty acids and improves the plasma lipoprotein profile in cholesterol-fed hamsters. J. Nutr., 136, 1934-1939.
78. MALPUECH-BRUGERE C., VERBOEKET-VAN DE VENNE W.P.H.G., MENSINK R.P., ARNAL M.-A., MORIO B., BRANDOLINI M., SAEBO A., LASSEL T.S., CHARDIGNY J.-M., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., BEAUFRÈRE B., 2004. Effects of two conjugated linoleic acid isomers on body fat mass in overweight humans. Obesity Research, 12, 591-598.
79. MARTIN J.-C., AMSLER G., VALEILLE K., FÉRÉZOU J., PARQUET M., GRIPOIS D., QUIGNARD-BOULANGE A.-M., 2005. Les CLA peuvent-ils prévenir l'athérogenèse? OCL, 12, 32-36.
80. MILLER C.C., PARK Y., PARIZA M.W., COOK M.E., 1994. Feeding conjugated linoleic acid to animals partially overcomes catabolic responses due to endotoxin injection. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 198, 1107-1112.
81. MIR Z., RUSHFELDT M.L., PATERSON L.J., WESELAKE R.J., 2000. Effect of dietary supplementation with either conjugated linoleic acid or linoleic acid rich oil on the CLA content of lamb tissues. Small Ruminant Research, 36, 25-31.
82. MITCHELL P.L., LANGILLE M.A., CURRIE D.L., MCLEOD R.S., 2005. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in the Syrian Golden hamster. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1734, 269-276.
83. MOLONEY F., YEOW T.-P., MULLEN A., NOLAN J.J., ROCHE H.M., 2004. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, 887-895.
84. MOSSOBA M.M., MCDONALD R.E., ARMSTRONG D.J., PAGE S.W., 1991. Identification of minor C18 triene and conjugated diene isomers in hydrogenated soybean oil and margarine by GC-MI-FT-IR spectroscopy. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 29, 324-330.
85. MOUGIOS V., MATSAKAS A., PETRIDOU A., RING S., SAGREDOS A., MELISSOPOULOU A., TSIGILIS N., MNIKOLAIDIS M., 2001. Effect of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on human serum lipids and body fat. J. Nutr. Biochem., 12, 585-594.
86. MUNDAY J.S., THOMPSON K.G., JAMES K.A.C., 1999. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids promote fatty streak formation in the C57BL/6 mouse atherosclerosis model. Br. J. Nutr., 81, 251-255.
87. NICOLOSI R.J., ROGERS E.J., KRITCHEVSKY D., SCIMECA J.A., HUTH P.J., 1997. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery, 22, 266-277.
88. NICOLOSI R.J., WILSON T.A., LAWTON C., ROGERS E.J., WISEMAN S.A., TIJBURG L.B.M., KRITCHEVSKY D., 1998. The greater atherogenicity of nonpurified diets versus semipurified diest in hamsters is mediated via differences in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol distribution, LDL oxidative susceptibility, and plasma a-tocopherol concentration. J. Nutr. Biochem., 9, 591-597.
89. NOONE E.J., ROCHE H.M., NUGENT A.P., GIBNEY M.J., 2002. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects. Br. J. Nutr., 88, 243-251.
90. NUGENT A.P., ROCHE H.M., NOONE E.J., LONG A., KELLEHER D.K., GIBNEY M.J., 2005. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplemention on immune function in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, 742-750.
91. OCHOA J.J., FARQUHARSON A.J., GRANT I., MOFFAT L.E., HEYS S.D., WAHLE K.W.J., 2004. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) decrease prostate cancer cell proliferation: different molecular mechanisms for cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 isomers. Carcinogenesis, 25, 1185-1191.
92. OSTROWSKA E., MURALITHARAN M., CROSS R.F., BAUMAN D.E., DUNSHEA F.R., 1999. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase lean tissue and decrease fat deposition in growing pigs. J. Nutr., 129, 2037-2042.
93. PALOMBO J.D., GANGULY A., BISTRIAN B.R., MENARD M.P., 2002. The antiproliferative effects of biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid on human colorectal and prostatic cancer cells. Cancer Letters, 177, 163-172.
94. PARK Y., ALBRIGHT K.J., STORKSON J.M., COOK M.E., PARIZA M.W., 1997. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids, 32, 853-858.
95. PARK Y., STORKSON J.M., ALBRIGHT K.J., LIU W., PARIZA M.W., 1999. Evidence that the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Lipids, 34, 235-241.
96. PARODI P.W., 2003. Conjugated Linoleic acid in food. In: SÉBÉDIO J.-L., CHRISTIE W.W., ADLOF R.O., eds. Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid research. Vol. 2. AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. Pages 101-122.
97. PETRIDOU A., MOUGIOS V., SAGREDOS A., 2003. Supplementation with CLA: Isomer incorporation into serum lipids and effects on body fat of women. Lipids, 38, 805-811.
98. PIPEROVA L.S., SAMPUGNA J., TETER B.B., KALSCHEUR K.F., YURAWECZ M.P., KU Y., MOREHOUSE K.M., ERDMAN R.A., 2002. Duodenal and milk trans octadecenoic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers indicate that postabsorptive synthesis is the predominant source of cis-9-containing CLA in lactating dairy cows. J. Nutr., 132, 1235-1241.
99. PLOURDE M., LEDOUX M., GRÉGOIRE S., PORTOIS L., FONTAINE J.-J., CARPENTIER Y.A., ANGERS P., CHARDIGNY J.-M., SÉBÉDIO J.-L., 2006. Comparative effects of rumenic acid and conjugated α-linolenic acids (CLnA) on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters. J. Lipid Res., Soumis pour publication.
100. POIRIER H., NIOT I., CLÉMENT L., GUERREMILLO M., BESNARD P., 2005. Development of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-mediated lipoatropic syndrome in the mouse. Biochimie, 87, 73-79.
101. PRECHT D., MOLKENTIN J., 1995. Trans fatty acids: implications for health, analytical methods, incidence fats and intake. Nahrung, 39, 343-374.
102. PRECHT D., MOLKENTIN J., VAHLENDIECK M., 1999. Influence of the heating temperature on the fat composition of milk with emphasis on cis-/trans- isomerization. Nahrung, 43, 25-32.
103. QUIGNARD-BOULANGÉ A.-M., BOUTHEGOURD J.-C., IVAN-CHARVET L., EVEN P.C., BESNARD P., MARTIN J.-C., 2005. Effet anti-obésité des CLA: mythe ou réalité? OCL, 2, 45-50.
104. RISÉRUS U., BERGLUND L., VESSBY B., 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrom: a randomised controlled trial. Int. J. Obesity, 25, 1129-1135.
105. RISÉRUS U., BASU S., JOVINGE S., FREDERIKSON G.N., ÄRNOLÖV J., VESSBY B., 2002. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-dependant oxidative stress and elevated C-reactive protein. Circulation, 106, 1925-1929.
106. RISÉRUS U., SMEDMAN A.E.M., BASU S., VESSBY B., 2003. CLA and body weight regulation in humans. Lipids, 38, 133-137.
107. RISÉRUS U., VESSBY B.O.H., ARNLOV J., BASU S., 2004. Effects of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on insulin sensitivity, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammatory markers in obese men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, 279-283.
108. RITZENHALER K.L., MCGUIRE M.K., FALEN R., SCHULTZ T.D., DASGUPTA N., MCGUIRE M.A., 2001. Estimation of conjugated linoleic acid intake by written dietary assessment methodologies underestimates actual intake evaluated by food duplicate methodology. J. Nutr., 131, 1548-1554.
109. ROACH J.A.G., YURAWECZ M.P., KRAMER J.K.G., MOSSOBA M.M., EULITZ K., KU Y., 2000. Gas chromatography-high resolution selected-ion mass-spectrometric identification of trace 21:0 and 20:2 fatty acids eluting with conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Lipids, 35, 797-802.
110. ROCHE H.M., NOONE E.J., SEWTER C., MC BENNETT S., SAVAGE D., GIBNEY M.J., O'RAHILLY S., VIDAL-PIG A.J., 2002. Isomer-dependent metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid. Diabetes, 51, 2037-2044.
111. RYDER J.W., PORTOCARRERO C.P., SONG X.M., CUI L., COMBATSIARIS T., GALUSKA D., BAUMAN D.E., BARBANO D.M., CHARRON M.J., ZIERATH J.R., HOUSEKNECHT K.L., 2001. Isomer-specific antidiabetic properties of conjugated linoleic acid. Diabetes, 50, 1149-1157.
112. SATORY D.L., SMITH S.B., 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits proliferation but stimulates lipid filling of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J. Nutr., 129, 92-97.
113. SCHONBERG S., KROKAN H.E., 1995. The inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives (CLA) of linoleic acid on the growth of human tumor cell lines is in part due to increased lipid peroxydation. Anticancer Res., 15, 1241-1246.
114. SÉBÉDIO J.-L., JUANÉDA P., DOBSON G., RAMILISON I., MARTIN J.-C., CHARDIGNY J.-M., CHRISTIE W.W., 1997. Metabolites of conjugated linoleic acid in the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1345, 5-10.
115. SEHAT N., KRAMER J.K.G., MOSSOBA M.M., YURAWECZ M.P., ROACH J.A.G., EULITZ K., MOREHOUSE K.M., KU Y., 1998. Identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cheese by gaz liquid chromatography, silver ion high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral reconstructed ion profiles. Comparison of chromatographic elution sequences. Lipids, 33, 963-971.
116. SEHAT N., RICKERT R., MOSSOBA M.M., KRAMER J.K.G., YURAWECZ M.P., ROACH J.A.G., ADLOF R.O., MOREHOUSE K.M., FRITSCHE J., EULITZ K., STEINHART H., KU Y., 1999. Improved separation of conjugated fatty acid methyl esters by silver ion-high performance liquid chromatography. Lipids, 34, 407-413.
117. SHANTHA N.C., DECKER E.A., USTUNOL Z., 1992. Conjugated linoleic acid concentration in processed cheese. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 69, 425-428.
118. SHANTHA N.C., CRUM A.D., DECKER E.A., 1994. Evaluation of conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in cooked beef. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 1757-1760.
119. SHANTHA N.C., RAM L.N., O'LEARY J., HICKS C.L., DECKER E.A., 1995. Conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in dairy products as affected by processing and storage. J. Food Sci., 60, 695-697, 720.
120. SHULTZ T.D., CHEW B.P., SEAMAN W.R., 1992. Differential stimulatory and inhibitory responses of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells to linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in culture. Anticancer Res., 12, 2143-2145.
121. SIEBER R., COLLOMB M., AESCHLIMANN A., JELEN, EYER H., 2004. Impact of microbial cultures on conjugated linoleic acid in dairy products - a review. Int. Dairy J., 14, 1-15.
122. SMEDMAN A.E.M., VESSBY B., 2001. Conjugated linoelic acid supplementation in humans - Metabolic effects. Lipids, 36, 773-781.
123. SONG H.-J., GRANT I., ROTONDO D., MOHEDE I., SATTAR N., HEYS S.D., WAHLE K.W.J., 2005. Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, 508-517.
124. SPADY D.K., 1999. Dietary fatty acids and atherosclerosis regression. Br. J. Nutr., 82, 337-338.
125. STANGL G.I., 2000. High dietary levels of a conjugated linoleic acid mixture alter hepatic glycerophospholipid class profile and cholesterol-carrying serum lipoproteins of rats. J. Nutr. Biochem., 11, 184-191.
126. SZYMCZYK B., PISULEWSKI P.M., SZCZUREK W., HANSCZAKOWSKI P., 2001. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and subsequent carcass quality in broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr., 85, 465-473.
127. THOM E., WADSTEIN J., GUDMUNDSEN O., 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans. J. Int. Med. Res., 29, 392-396.
128. TRICON S., BURDGE G.C., KEW S., BANERJEE T., RUSSEL J.J., JONES E.L., GRIMBLE R.F., WILLIAMS C.M., YAQOOB P., CALDER P.C., 2004. Opposing effects of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, 614-620.
129. TRUITT A., MCNEILL G.P., VANDERHOEK J.Y., 1999. Antiplatelet effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1438, 239-246.
130. TSUBOYAMA-KASAOKA N., TAKAHASHI M., TANEMURA K., KIM H.-J., TANGE T., OKUYAMA H., KASAI M., IKEMOTO S., EZAKI O., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduces adipose tissue by apoptosis and develops lipodystrophy in mice. Diabetes, 49, 1534-1542.
131. VALEILLE K., GRIPOIS D., BLOUQUIT M.-F., SOUIDI M., RIOTTOT M., BOUTHEGOURD J.-C., SEROUGNE C., MARTIN J.-C., 2004. Lipid atherogenic risk markers can be more favourably influenced by the cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoate isomer than a conjugated linoleic acid mixture or fish oil in hamsters. Br. J. Nutr., 91, 191-199.
132. VALEILLE K., FÉRÉZOU J., AMSLER G., QUIGNARD-BOULANGE A.-M., PARQUET M., GRIPOIS D., DOROVSKA-TARAN V., MARTIN J.-C., 2005. A cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid-rich oil reduces the outcome of atherogenic process in hyprelidemic hamster. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circul. Physiol., 289, H652-H659.
133. VISONNEAU S., CESANO A., TEPPER S.A., SCIMICA J.A., SANTOLI D., KRITCHEVSKY D., 1997. Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses the growth of human breast adenocarcinoma cells in SCID mice. Anticancer Res., 17, 969-973.
134. VOORRIPS L.E., BRANTS H.A.M., KARDINAAL A.F.M., HIDDINK G.J., VAN DEN BRANDT P.A., GOLDBOHM R.A., 2002. Intake of conjugated linoleic acid, fat, and other fatty acids in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer: the Netherlands cohorts study on diet and cancer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 76, 873-882.
135. WHIGHAM L., HIGBEE A., BJORLING D.E., PARK Y., PARIZA M.W., COOK M.E., 2002. Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoelic acid-fed guinea pigs. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol., 282, R1104-R1112.
136. WHIGHAM L., O'SHEA M., MOHEDE I.C.M., WALASKI H.P., ATKINSON R.L., 2004. Safety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humans. Food Chem. Toxicol., 42, 1701-1709.
137. WILSON T.A., NICOLOSI R.J., CHRYSAM M., KRITCHEVSKY D., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces early aortic atherosclerosis greater than linoleic acid in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Nutr. Res., 20, 1795-1805.
138. YU L.L., ADAMS D., GABEL M., 2002a. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers differ in their free radical scavenging propoerties. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 4135-4140.
139. YU Y., CORRELL P.H., VANDEN HEUVEL J.P., 2002b. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1581, 89-99.
140. YURAWECZ M.P., ROACH J.A.G., SEHAT N., MOSSOBA M.M., KRAMER J.K.G., FRITSCHE J., STEINHART H., KU Y., 1998. A new conjugated linoleic acid isomer, 7-trans, 9-cis octadecadienoic acid, in cow milk, cheese, beef and human milk and adipose tissue. Lipids, 33, 803-809.
141. ZAMBELL K.L., KEIM N.L., VAN LOAN M.D., GATE B., BENITO P., D.S. K., NELSON G.J., 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: effects on body composition and energy expenditure. Lipids, 35, 777-782.
142. ZAMBELL K.L., HORN W.F., KEIM N.L., 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: Effects on fatty acid and glycerol kinetics. Lipids, 36, 767-772.
143. ZU H.X., SCHUT H.A., 1992. Inhibition of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline-DNA adduct formation in CDF1 mice by heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Food Chem. Toxicol., 30, 9-16.