메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 705-717

Toll-like receptors in Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation

Author keywords

Borrelia burgdorferi; Inflammation; Review; Spirochaetal persistence; Tick borne disease; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ANTIGEN; BACTERIAL DNA; CD14 ANTIGEN; CYTOKINE; FLAGELLIN; LIPID BINDING PROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN; LYME DISEASE VACCINE; METALLOPROTEINASE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 1; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2;

EID: 33745588825     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01440.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (42)

References (106)
  • 1
    • 0025803877 scopus 로고
    • The polarity of the dorsoventral axis in the Drosophila embryo is defined by an extracellular signal
    • Stein D, Roth S, Vogelsang E, Nusslein-Volhard C. The polarity of the dorsoventral axis in the Drosophila embryo is defined by an extracellular signal. Cell 1991; 65: 725-735.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 725-735
    • Stein, D.1    Roth, S.2    Vogelsang, E.3    Nusslein-Volhard, C.4
  • 2
    • 0030595339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults
    • Lemaitre B, Nicolas E, Michaut L, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA. The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. Cell 1996; 86: 973-983.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 973-983
    • Lemaitre, B.1    Nicolas, E.2    Michaut, L.3    Reichhart, J.M.4    Hoffmann, J.A.5
  • 3
    • 0037080024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines
    • Zarember KA, Godowski PJ. Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J Immunol 2002; 168: 554-561.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 554-561
    • Zarember, K.A.1    Godowski, P.J.2
  • 4
    • 0034886143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
    • Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T. Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 675-680.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 675-680
    • Akira, S.1    Takeda, K.2    Kaisho, T.3
  • 5
    • 0037427976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response
    • Werling D, Jungi TW. TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 91: 1-12.
    • (2003) Vet Immunol Immunopathol , vol.91 , pp. 1-12
    • Werling, D.1    Jungi, T.W.2
  • 6
    • 0032103093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of CD14 in signaling mediated by outer membrane lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Wooten RM, Morrison TB, Weis JH, Wright SD, Thieringer R, Weis JJ. The role of CD14 in signaling mediated by outer membrane lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5485-5492.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5485-5492
    • Wooten, R.M.1    Morrison, T.B.2    Weis, J.H.3    Wright, S.D.4    Thieringer, R.5    Weis, J.J.6
  • 7
    • 0025348357 scopus 로고
    • Activation of superoxide formation and lysozyme release in human neutrophils by the synthetic lipopeptide Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4. Involvement of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins and synergism with chemotactic peptides
    • Seifert R, Schultz G, Richter-Freund M et al. Activation of superoxide formation and lysozyme release in human neutrophils by the synthetic lipopeptide Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4. Involvement of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins and synergism with chemotactic peptides. Biochem J 1990; 267: 795-802.
    • (1990) Biochem J , vol.267 , pp. 795-802
    • Seifert, R.1    Schultz, G.2    Richter-Freund, M.3
  • 8
    • 0030909392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cultured endothelial cells in response to Borrelia burgdorferi occurs independently of secreted IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and is required for subsequent transendothelial migration of neutrophils
    • Burns MJ, Sellati TJ, Teng EI, Furie MB. Production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cultured endothelial cells in response to Borrelia burgdorferi occurs independently of secreted IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and is required for subsequent transendothelial migration of neutrophils. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 1217-1222.
    • (1997) Infect Immun , vol.65 , pp. 1217-1222
    • Burns, M.J.1    Sellati, T.J.2    Teng, E.I.3    Furie, M.B.4
  • 9
    • 0031571871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD28 expression by mouse mast cells is modulated by lipopolysaccharide and outer surface protein A lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Marietta EV, Weis JJ, Weis JH. CD28 expression by mouse mast cells is modulated by lipopolysaccharide and outer surface protein A lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi. J Immunol 1997; 159: 2840-2848.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 2840-2848
    • Marietta, E.V.1    Weis, J.J.2    Weis, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 0027955311 scopus 로고
    • Normal human B lymphocytes and mononuclear cells respond to the mitogenic and cytokine-stimulatory activities of Borrelia burgdorferi and its lipoprotein OspA
    • Tai KF, Ma Y, Weis JJ. Normal human B lymphocytes and mononuclear cells respond to the mitogenic and cytokine-stimulatory activities of Borrelia burgdorferi and its lipoprotein OspA. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 520-528.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 520-528
    • Tai, K.F.1    Ma, Y.2    Weis, J.J.3
  • 12
    • 0032987810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi downregulates ICAM-1 on human synovial cells in vitro
    • Girschick HJ, Meister S, Karch H, Huppertz HI. Borrelia burgdorferi downregulates ICAM-1 on human synovial cells in vitro. Cell Adhes Commun 1999; 7: 73-83.
    • (1999) Cell Adhes Commun , vol.7 , pp. 73-83
    • Girschick, H.J.1    Meister, S.2    Karch, H.3    Huppertz, H.I.4
  • 13
    • 4344651522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular survival strategies of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Singh SK, Girschick HJ. Molecular survival strategies of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Lancet Infect Dis 2004; 4: 575-583.
    • (2004) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.4 , pp. 575-583
    • Singh, S.K.1    Girschick, H.J.2
  • 14
    • 0030666222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity: The virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition
    • Medzhitov R, Janeway CA. Innate immunity: The virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 1997; 91: 295-298.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 295-298
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Janeway, C.A.2
  • 15
    • 0036065589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Innate recognition of bacteria and protozoan parasites
    • Teixeira MM, Almeida IC, Gazzinelli RT. Introduction: Innate recognition of bacteria and protozoan parasites. Microbes Infect 2002; 4: 883-886.
    • (2002) Microbes Infect , vol.4 , pp. 883-886
    • Teixeira, M.M.1    Almeida, I.C.2    Gazzinelli, R.T.3
  • 16
    • 0036056315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors: A family of pattern-recognition receptors in mammals
    • REVIEWS3011
    • Armant MA, Fenton MJ. Toll-like receptors: A family of pattern-recognition receptors in mammals. Genome Biol 2002; 3: REVIEWS3011.
    • (2002) Genome Biol , vol.3
    • Armant, M.A.1    Fenton, M.J.2
  • 17
    • 9144232901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine secretion of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts stimulated by Toll-like receptor 2 ligands
    • Pierer M, Rethage J, Seibl R et al. Chemokine secretion of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts stimulated by Toll-like receptor 2 ligands. J Immunol 2004; 172: 1256-1265.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.172 , pp. 1256-1265
    • Pierer, M.1    Rethage, J.2    Seibl, R.3
  • 18
    • 0035399769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll receptors in innate immunity
    • Imler JL, Hoffmann JA. Toll receptors in innate immunity. Trends Cell Biol 2001; 11: 304-311.
    • (2001) Trends Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 304-311
    • Imler, J.L.1    Hoffmann, J.A.2
  • 19
    • 0037018107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Hornef MW, Frisan T, Vandewalle A, Normark S, Richter-Dahlfors A. Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 559-570.
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.195 , pp. 559-570
    • Hornef, M.W.1    Frisan, T.2    Vandewalle, A.3    Normark, S.4    Richter-Dahlfors, A.5
  • 20
    • 5444262511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses
    • Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 987-995.
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 987-995
    • Iwasaki, A.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 21
    • 0035955425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plasticity of dendritic cell responses to pathogens and their components
    • Huang Q, Liu D, Majewski P et al. The plasticity of dendritic cell responses to pathogens and their components. Science 2001; 294: 870-875.
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 870-875
    • Huang, Q.1    Liu, D.2    Majewski, P.3
  • 22
    • 0033152142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine system: Redundancy for robust outputs
    • Mantovani A. The chemokine system: Redundancy for robust outputs. Immunol Today 1999; 20: 254-257.
    • (1999) Immunol Today , vol.20 , pp. 254-257
    • Mantovani, A.1
  • 24
    • 20444491582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of chemokines in synovial cells exposed to different Borrelia burgdorferi isolates
    • Singh SK, Morbach H, Nanki T, Girschick HJ. Differential expression of chemokines in synovial cells exposed to different Borrelia burgdorferi isolates. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005; 23: 311-322.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Rheumatol , vol.23 , pp. 311-322
    • Singh, S.K.1    Morbach, H.2    Nanki, T.3    Girschick, H.J.4
  • 25
    • 12944302109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclooxygenases in synovial cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Singh SK, Morbach H, Nanki T, Faber C, Baar V, Girschick HJ. Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclooxygenases in synovial cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi. Inflamm Res 2004; 53: 689-696.
    • (2004) Inflamm Res , vol.53 , pp. 689-696
    • Singh, S.K.1    Morbach, H.2    Nanki, T.3    Faber, C.4    Baar, V.5    Girschick, H.J.6
  • 26
    • 0037070113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors
    • Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1589: 1-13.
    • (2002) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1589 , pp. 1-13
    • Kaisho, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 27
    • 0025735629 scopus 로고
    • The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity
    • Steinman RM. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 1991; 9: 271-296.
    • (1991) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 271-296
    • Steinman, R.M.1
  • 29
    • 0032903573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function
    • Sallusto F, Palermo B, Lenig D et al. Distinct patterns and kinetics of chemokine production regulate dendritic cell function. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 1617-1625.
    • (1999) Eur J Immunol , vol.29 , pp. 1617-1625
    • Sallusto, F.1    Palermo, B.2    Lenig, D.3
  • 30
    • 0029847368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes
    • Abbas AK, Murphy KM, Sher A. Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 1996; 383: 787-793.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 787-793
    • Abbas, A.K.1    Murphy, K.M.2    Sher, A.3
  • 31
    • 0034278725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development
    • Moser M, Murphy KM. Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development. Nat Immunol 2000; 1: 199-205.
    • (2000) Nat Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 199-205
    • Moser, M.1    Murphy, K.M.2
  • 32
    • 0036644042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins
    • Takeuchi O, Sato S, Horiuchi T et al. Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins. J Immunol 2002; 169: 10-14.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 10-14
    • Takeuchi, O.1    Sato, S.2    Horiuchi, T.3
  • 33
    • 0036344106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice
    • Alexopoulou L, Thomas V, Schnare M et al. Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice. Nat Med 2002; 8: 878-884.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 878-884
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Thomas, V.2    Schnare, M.3
  • 34
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001; 413: 732-738.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 35
    • 0035953543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5
    • Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A et al. The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5. Nature 2001; 410: 1099-1103.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , pp. 1099-1103
    • Hayashi, F.1    Smith, K.D.2    Ozinsky, A.3
  • 36
    • 0034922923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6
    • Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Muhlradt PF et al. Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6. Int Immunol 2001; 13: 933-940.
    • (2001) Int Immunol , vol.13 , pp. 933-940
    • Takeuchi, O.1    Kawai, T.2    Muhlradt, P.F.3
  • 37
    • 0034619794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
    • Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T et al. A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 2000; 408: 740-745.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 740-745
    • Hemmi, H.1    Takeuchi, O.2    Kawai, T.3
  • 38
    • 0034610291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors
    • Ozinsky A, Underhill DM, Fontenot JD et al. The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between toll-like receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 13766-13771.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 13766-13771
    • Ozinsky, A.1    Underhill, D.M.2    Fontenot, J.D.3
  • 39
    • 0036301797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution
    • Nagai Y, Akashi S, Nagafuku M et al. Essential role of MD-2 in LPS responsiveness and TLR4 distribution. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 667-672.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 667-672
    • Nagai, Y.1    Akashi, S.2    Nagafuku, M.3
  • 40
    • 0035834135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4
    • Visintin A, Mazzoni A, Spitzer JA, Segal DM. Secreted MD-2 is a large polymeric protein that efficiently confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to Toll-like receptor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 12156-12161.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 12156-12161
    • Visintin, A.1    Mazzoni, A.2    Spitzer, J.A.3    Segal, D.M.4
  • 41
    • 43949176031 scopus 로고
    • CD14: Cell surface receptor and differentiation marker
    • Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Ulevitch RJ. CD14: Cell surface receptor and differentiation marker. Immunol Today 1993; 14: 121-125.
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 121-125
    • Ziegler-Heitbrock, H.W.1    Ulevitch, R.J.2
  • 42
    • 0033585011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products
    • Lien E, Sellati TJ, Yoshimura A et al. Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 33419-33425.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 33419-33425
    • Lien, E.1    Sellati, T.J.2    Yoshimura, A.3
  • 43
    • 0037634212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi-induced tolerance as a model of persistence via immunosuppression
    • Diterich I, Rauter C, Kirschning CJ, Hartung T. Borrelia burgdorferi-induced tolerance as a model of persistence via immunosuppression. Infect Immun 2003; 71: 3979-3987.
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , pp. 3979-3987
    • Diterich, I.1    Rauter, C.2    Kirschning, C.J.3    Hartung, T.4
  • 44
    • 0023226512 scopus 로고
    • Absence of lipopolysaccharide in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Takayama K, Rothenberg RJ, Barbour AG. Absence of lipopolysaccharide in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 2311-2313.
    • (1987) Infect Immun , vol.55 , pp. 2311-2313
    • Takayama, K.1    Rothenberg, R.J.2    Barbour, A.G.3
  • 45
    • 0031470826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Fraser CM, Casjens S, Huang WM et al. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature 1997; 390: 580-586.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 580-586
    • Fraser, C.M.1    Casjens, S.2    Huang, W.M.3
  • 46
    • 0028297815 scopus 로고
    • Fatty acids of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins
    • Belisle JT, Brandt ME, Radolf JD, Norgard MV. Fatty acids of Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. J Bacteriol 1994; 176: 2151-2157.
    • (1994) J Bacteriol , vol.176 , pp. 2151-2157
    • Belisle, J.T.1    Brandt, M.E.2    Radolf, J.D.3    Norgard, M.V.4
  • 47
    • 0032997542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin by the innate immune system
    • Ulevitch RJ, Tobias PS. Recognition of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin by the innate immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 1999; 11: 19-22.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 19-22
    • Ulevitch, R.J.1    Tobias, P.S.2
  • 48
    • 0027327158 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface lipoproteins OspA and OspB possess B-cell mitogenic and cytokine-stimulatory properties
    • Ma Y, Weis JJ. Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface lipoproteins OspA and OspB possess B-cell mitogenic and cytokine-stimulatory properties. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 3843-3853.
    • (1993) Infect Immun , vol.61 , pp. 3843-3853
    • Ma, Y.1    Weis, J.J.2
  • 49
    • 0032560841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant Lyme
    • Disease Vaccine Study Group
    • Steere AC, Sikand VK, Meurice F et al. Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant. Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 209-215.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 209-215
    • Steere, A.C.1    Sikand, V.K.2    Meurice, F.3
  • 50
    • 0025264283 scopus 로고
    • Immunogenic integral membrane proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi are lipoproteins
    • Brandt ME, Riley BS, Radolf JD, Norgard MV. Immunogenic integral membrane proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi are lipoproteins. Infect Immun 1990; 58: 983-991.
    • (1990) Infect Immun , vol.58 , pp. 983-991
    • Brandt, M.E.1    Riley, B.S.2    Radolf, J.D.3    Norgard, M.V.4
  • 51
    • 0014594651 scopus 로고
    • Chemical characterization, spatial distribution and function of a lipoprotein (murein-lipoprotein) of the E. coli cell wall. The specific effect of trypsin on the membrane structure
    • Braun V, Rehn K. Chemical characterization, spatial distribution and function of a lipoprotein (murein-lipoprotein) of the E. coli cell wall. The specific effect of trypsin on the membrane structure. Eur J Biochem 1969; 10: 426-438.
    • (1969) Eur J Biochem , vol.10 , pp. 426-438
    • Braun, V.1    Rehn, K.2
  • 52
    • 0027978073 scopus 로고
    • Biological activities of native and recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A: Dependence on lipid modification
    • Weis JJ, Ma Y, Erdile LF. Biological activities of native and recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A: Dependence on lipid modification. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 4632-4636.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 4632-4636
    • Weis, J.J.1    Ma, Y.2    Erdile, L.F.3
  • 53
    • 0033618562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors
    • Brightbill HD, Libraty DH, Krutzik SR et al. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science 1999; 285: 732-736.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 732-736
    • Brightbill, H.D.1    Libraty, D.H.2    Krutzik, S.R.3
  • 54
    • 0029977481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of S-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) cystein in a macrophage-activating lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans
    • Muhlradt PF, Meyer H, Jansen R. Identification of S-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) cystein in a macrophage-activating lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans. Biochemistry 1996; 35: 7781-7786.
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 7781-7786
    • Muhlradt, P.F.1    Meyer, H.2    Jansen, R.3
  • 55
    • 0030588677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane protein A induces nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B and inflammatory activation in human endothelial cells
    • Wooten RM, Modur VR, McIntyre TM, Weis JJ. Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane protein A induces nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B and inflammatory activation in human endothelial cells. J Immunol 1996; 157: 4584-4590.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 4584-4590
    • Wooten, R.M.1    Modur, V.R.2    McIntyre, T.M.3    Weis, J.J.4
  • 56
    • 0028065094 scopus 로고
    • Outer surface lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi stimulate nitric oxide production by the cytokine-inducible pathway
    • Ma Y, Seiler KP, Tai KF, Yang L, Woods M, Weis JJ. Outer surface lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi stimulate nitric oxide production by the cytokine-inducible pathway. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 3663-3671.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 3663-3671
    • Ma, Y.1    Seiler, K.P.2    Tai, K.F.3    Yang, L.4    Woods, M.5    Weis, J.J.6
  • 57
    • 0029782133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of human monocytic cells by Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides proceeds via a pathway distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide but involves the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B
    • Norgard MV, Arndt LL, Akins DR, Curetty LL, Harrich DA, Radolf JD. Activation of human monocytic cells by Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides proceeds via a pathway distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide but involves the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 3845-3852.
    • (1996) Infect Immun , vol.64 , pp. 3845-3852
    • Norgard, M.V.1    Arndt, L.L.2    Akins, D.R.3    Curetty, L.L.4    Harrich, D.A.5    Radolf, J.D.6
  • 58
    • 0031570026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) activates and primes human neutrophils
    • Morrison TB, Weis JH, Weis JJ. Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) activates and primes human neutrophils. J Immunol 1997; 158: 4838-4845.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.158 , pp. 4838-4845
    • Morrison, T.B.1    Weis, J.H.2    Weis, J.J.3
  • 59
    • 0035104481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells
    • Flo TH, Halaas O, Torp S et al. Differential expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69: 474-481.
    • (2001) J Leukoc Biol , vol.69 , pp. 474-481
    • Flo, T.H.1    Halaas, O.2    Torp, S.3
  • 60
    • 1342343005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired host defense to infection and Toll-like receptor 2-independent killing of Borrelia burgdorferi clinical isolates in TLR2-deficient C3H/ HeJ mice
    • Wang G, Ma Y, Buyuk A, McClain S, Weis JJ, Schwartz I. Impaired host defense to infection and Toll-like receptor 2-independent killing of Borrelia burgdorferi clinical isolates in TLR2-deficient C3H/HeJ mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 231: 219-225.
    • (2004) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.231 , pp. 219-225
    • Wang, G.1    Ma, Y.2    Buyuk, A.3    McClain, S.4    Weis, J.J.5    Schwartz, I.6
  • 61
    • 0034967970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of genotypic variation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto on kinetics of dissemination and severity of disease in C3H/HeJ mice
    • Wang G, Ojaimi C, Iyer R et al. Impact of genotypic variation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto on kinetics of dissemination and severity of disease in C3H/HeJ mice. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 4303-4312.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 4303-4312
    • Wang, G.1    Ojaimi, C.2    Iyer, R.3
  • 62
    • 0036570169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Hornung V, Rothenfusser S, Britsch S et al. Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol 2002; 168: 4531-4537.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 4531-4537
    • Hornung, V.1    Rothenfusser, S.2    Britsch, S.3
  • 63
    • 0026496508 scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis in genetically resistant and susceptible mice with severe combined immunodeficiency
    • Barthold SW, Sidman CL, Smith AL. Lyme borreliosis in genetically resistant and susceptible mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 47: 605-613.
    • (1992) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.47 , pp. 605-613
    • Barthold, S.W.1    Sidman, C.L.2    Smith, A.L.3
  • 64
    • 0028363415 scopus 로고
    • Protection against Borrelia burgdorferi infection in SCID mice is conferred by presensitized spleen cells and partially by B but not T cells alone
    • Schaible UE, Wallich R, Kramer MD et al. Protection against Borrelia burgdorferi infection in SCID mice is conferred by presensitized spleen cells and partially by B but not T cells alone. Int Immunol 1994; 6: 671-681.
    • (1994) Int Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 671-681
    • Schaible, U.E.1    Wallich, R.2    Kramer, M.D.3
  • 65
    • 0030033171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum-mediated resolution of Lyme arthritis in mice
    • Barthold SW, deSouza M, Feng S. Serum-mediated resolution of Lyme arthritis in mice. Lab Invest 1996; 74: 57-67.
    • (1996) Lab Invest , vol.74 , pp. 57-67
    • Barthold, S.W.1    deSouza, M.2    Feng, S.3
  • 67
    • 0029157850 scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation of Lyme arthritis in beige mice
    • Barthold SW, de Souza M. Exacerbation of Lyme arthritis in beige mice. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 778-784.
    • (1995) J Infect Dis , vol.172 , pp. 778-784
    • Barthold, S.W.1    de Souza, M.2
  • 68
    • 0036709022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammatory mediator production by murine microglia
    • Rasley A, Anguita J, Marriott I. Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammatory mediator production by murine microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 130: 22-31.
    • (2002) J Neuroimmunol , vol.130 , pp. 22-31
    • Rasley, A.1    Anguita, J.2    Marriott, I.3
  • 69
    • 1642457335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases by Borrelia burgdorferi via toll-like receptor 2 in monocytes
    • Gebbia JA, Coleman JL, Benach JL. Selective induction of matrix metalloproteinases by Borrelia burgdorferi via toll-like receptor 2 in monocytes. J Infect Dis 2004; 189: 113-119.
    • (2004) J Infect Dis , vol.189 , pp. 113-119
    • Gebbia, J.A.1    Coleman, J.L.2    Benach, J.L.3
  • 70
  • 73
    • 0028334621 scopus 로고
    • Development of destructive arthritis in vaccinated hamsters challenged with Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Lim LC, England DM, DuChateau BK et al. Development of destructive arthritis in vaccinated hamsters challenged with Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 2825-2833.
    • (1994) Infect Immun , vol.62 , pp. 2825-2833
    • Lim, L.C.1    England, D.M.2    DuChateau, B.K.3
  • 74
    • 0037378466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium
    • Seibl R, Birchler T, Loeliger S et al. Expression and regulation of Toll-like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Am J Pathol 2003; 162: 1221-1227.
    • (2003) Am J Pathol , vol.162 , pp. 1221-1227
    • Seibl, R.1    Birchler, T.2    Loeliger, S.3
  • 75
    • 0037333990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial peptidoglycans but not CpG oligodeoxynucleotides activate synovial fibroblasts by toll-like receptor signaling
    • Kyburz D, Rethage J, Seibl R et al. Bacterial peptidoglycans but not CpG oligodeoxynucleotides activate synovial fibroblasts by toll-like receptor signaling. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 642-650.
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum , vol.48 , pp. 642-650
    • Kyburz, D.1    Rethage, J.2    Seibl, R.3
  • 76
    • 3142654210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling
    • Beutler B. Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature 2004; 430: 257-263.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 257-263
    • Beutler, B.1
  • 77
    • 0025290213 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD88, a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6
    • Lord KA, Hoffman-Liebermann B, Liebermann DA. Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding MyD88, a novel myeloid differentiation primary response gene induced by IL6. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1095-1097.
    • (1990) Oncogene , vol.5 , pp. 1095-1097
    • Lord, K.A.1    Hoffman-Liebermann, B.2    Liebermann, D.A.3
  • 78
    • 0028237775 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage differentiation marker MyD88 is a member of the Toll/IL-1 receptor family
    • Hultmark D. Macrophage differentiation marker MyD88 is a member of the Toll/IL-1 receptor family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 199: 144-146.
    • (1994) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.199 , pp. 144-146
    • Hultmark, D.1
  • 79
    • 0346731246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How we detect microbes and respond to them: The Toll-like receptors and their transducers
    • Beutler B, Du Hoebe KX, Ulevitch RJ. How we detect microbes and respond to them: The Toll-like receptors and their transducers. J Leukoc Biol 2003; 74: 479-485.
    • (2003) J Leukoc Biol , vol.74 , pp. 479-485
    • Beutler, B.1    Du Hoebe, K.X.2    Ulevitch, R.J.3
  • 80
    • 5444254408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease
    • Cook DN, Pisetsky DS, Schwartz DA. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease. Nat Immunol 2004; 5: 975-979.
    • (2004) Nat Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 975-979
    • Cook, D.N.1    Pisetsky, D.S.2    Schwartz, D.A.3
  • 81
    • 0032127279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function
    • Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K et al. Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 1998; 9: 143-150.
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.9 , pp. 143-150
    • Adachi, O.1    Kawai, T.2    Takeda, K.3
  • 82
    • 0034669910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection
    • Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Akira S. Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection. J Immunol 2000; 165: 5392-5396.
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.165 , pp. 5392-5396
    • Takeuchi, O.1    Hoshino, K.2    Akira, S.3
  • 83
    • 0036785630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice
    • Seki E, Tsutsui H, Tsuji NM et al. Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice. J Immunol 2002; 169: 3863-3868.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.169 , pp. 3863-3868
    • Seki, E.1    Tsutsui, H.2    Tsuji, N.M.3
  • 84
    • 0037097795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection and regulates parasite-induced IL-12 production by dendritic cells
    • Scanga CA, Aliberti J, Jankovic D et al. Cutting edge: MyD88 is required for resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection and regulates parasite-induced IL-12 production by dendritic cells. J Immunol 2002; 168: 5997-6001.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 5997-6001
    • Scanga, C.A.1    Aliberti, J.2    Jankovic, D.3
  • 85
    • 0142179315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking myeloid differentiation factor 88 display profound defects in host resistance and immune responses to Mycobacterium avium infection not exhibited by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-deficient animals
    • Feng CG, Scanga CA, Collazo-Custodio CM et al. Mice lacking myeloid differentiation factor 88 display profound defects in host resistance and immune responses to Mycobacterium avium infection not exhibited by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-deficient animals. J Immunol 2003; 171: 4758-4764.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 4758-4764
    • Feng, C.G.1    Scanga, C.A.2    Collazo-Custodio, C.M.3
  • 86
    • 10744223444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 pathway drives streptococcal cell wall-induced joint inflammation: Critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88
    • Joosten LA, Koenders MI, Smeets RL et al. Toll-like receptor 2 pathway drives streptococcal cell wall-induced joint inflammation: Critical role of myeloid differentiation factor 88. J Immunol 2003; 171: 6145-6153.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 6145-6153
    • Joosten, L.A.1    Koenders, M.I.2    Smeets, R.L.3
  • 87
    • 3242796464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MyD88 plays a unique role in host defense but not arthritis development in Lyme disease
    • Bolz DD, Sundsbak RS, Ma Y et al. MyD88 plays a unique role in host defense but not arthritis development in Lyme disease. J Immunol 2004; 173: 2003-2010.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 2003-2010
    • Bolz, D.D.1    Sundsbak, R.S.2    Ma, Y.3
  • 88
    • 0037672694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in toll-like receptor signaling
    • Akira S, Hoshino K. Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in toll-like receptor signaling. J Infect Dis 2003; 187 (suppl 2): S356-S363.
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.187 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Akira, S.1    Hoshino, K.2
  • 89
    • 2542547465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myeloid differentiation antigen 88 deficiency impairs pathogen clearance but does not alter inflammation in Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice
    • Liu N, Montgomery RR, Barthold SW, Bockenstedt LK. Myeloid differentiation antigen 88 deficiency impairs pathogen clearance but does not alter inflammation in Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice. Infect Immun 2004; 72: 3195-3203.
    • (2004) Infect Immun , vol.72 , pp. 3195-3203
    • Liu, N.1    Montgomery, R.R.2    Barthold, S.W.3    Bockenstedt, L.K.4
  • 90
    • 0036222241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-beta-induced STAT1alpha/beta-dependent gene expression in macrophages
    • Toshchakov V, Jones BW, Perera PY et al. TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-beta-induced STAT1alpha/beta-dependent gene expression in macrophages. Nat Immunol 2002; 3: 392-398.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 392-398
    • Toshchakov, V.1    Jones, B.W.2    Perera, P.Y.3
  • 91
    • 0037153191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4
    • Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H et al. Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4. Nature 2002; 420: 324-329.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 324-329
    • Yamamoto, M.1    Sato, S.2    Hemmi, H.3
  • 92
    • 0035817925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction
    • Fitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott EM, Bowie AG et al. Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. Nature 2001; 413: 78-83.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 78-83
    • Fitzgerald, K.A.1    Palsson-McDermott, E.M.2    Bowie, A.G.3
  • 93
    • 0035555301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TIRAP: An adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway
    • Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R. TIRAP: An adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 835-841.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 835-841
    • Horng, T.1    Barton, G.M.2    Medzhitov, R.3
  • 94
    • 0036569813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 is required for optimal development of Th2 immune responses: Role of dendritic cells
    • Dabbagh K, Dahl ME, Stepick-Biek P, Lewis DB. Toll-like receptor 4 is required for optimal development of Th2 immune responses: Role of dendritic cells. J Immunol 2002; 168: 4524-4530.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 4524-4530
    • Dabbagh, K.1    Dahl, M.E.2    Stepick-Biek, P.3    Lewis, D.B.4
  • 95
    • 0037075551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems
    • Kobayashi K, Inohara N, Hernandez LD et al. RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Nature 2002; 416: 194-199.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 194-199
    • Kobayashi, K.1    Inohara, N.2    Hernandez, L.D.3
  • 96
    • 0024316023 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a lipid A binding site in the acute phase reactant lipopolysaccharide binding protein
    • Tobias PS, Soldau K, Ulevitch RJ. Identification of a lipid A binding site in the acute phase reactant lipopolysaccharide binding protein. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 10867-10871.
    • (1989) J Biol Chem , vol.264 , pp. 10867-10871
    • Tobias, P.S.1    Soldau, K.2    Ulevitch, R.J.3
  • 97
    • 0343776167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fighting infection: The role of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins CD14 and LBP
    • Schutt C. Fighting infection: The role of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins CD14 and LBP. Pathobiology 1999; 67: 227-229.
    • (1999) Pathobiology , vol.67 , pp. 227-229
    • Schutt, C.1
  • 98
    • 0023687039 scopus 로고
    • The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol linkage
    • Haziot A, Chen S, Ferrero E, Low MG, Silber R, Goyert SM. The monocyte differentiation antigen, CD14, is anchored to the cell membrane by a phosphatidylinositol linkage. J Immunol 1988; 141: 547-552.
    • (1988) J Immunol , vol.141 , pp. 547-552
    • Haziot, A.1    Chen, S.2    Ferrero, E.3    Low, M.G.4    Silber, R.5    Goyert, S.M.6
  • 99
    • 0033198204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Inflammatory signaling by Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins is mediated by toll-like receptor 2
    • Hirschfeld M, Kirschning CJ, Schwandner R et al. Cutting edge: inflammatory signaling by Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins is mediated by toll-like receptor 2. J Immunol 1999; 163: 2382-2386.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 2382-2386
    • Hirschfeld, M.1    Kirschning, C.J.2    Schwandner, R.3
  • 100
    • 15444352709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides activate monocytic cells via a CD14-dependent pathway distinct from that used by lipopolysaccharide
    • Sellati TJ, Bouis DA, Kitchens RL et al. Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides activate monocytic cells via a CD14-dependent pathway distinct from that used by lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5455-5464.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5455-5464
    • Sellati, T.J.1    Bouis, D.A.2    Kitchens, R.L.3
  • 101
    • 0028800982 scopus 로고
    • Molecules from Staphylococcus aureus that bind CD14 and stimulate innate immune responses
    • Kusunoki T, Hailman E, Juan TS, Lichenstein HS, Wright SD. Molecules from Staphylococcus aureus that bind CD14 and stimulate innate immune responses. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1673-1682.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1673-1682
    • Kusunoki, T.1    Hailman, E.2    Juan, T.S.3    Lichenstein, H.S.4    Wright, S.D.5
  • 102
    • 0027955127 scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein accelerates the binding of LPS to CD14
    • Hailman E, Lichenstein HS, Wurfel MM et al. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein accelerates the binding of LPS to CD14. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 269-277.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 269-277
    • Hailman, E.1    Lichenstein, H.S.2    Wurfel, M.M.3
  • 103
    • 0034114216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble CD14 levels in the serum, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various stages of Lyme disease
    • Lin B, Noring R, Steere AC, Klempner MS, Hu LT. Soluble CD14 levels in the serum, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with various stages of Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1185-1188.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.181 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Lin, B.1    Noring, R.2    Steere, A.C.3    Klempner, M.S.4    Hu, L.T.5
  • 104
    • 0028948176 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) activation in human monocytes. IL-10 and IL-4 suppress cytokine synthesis by different mechanisms
    • Wang P, Wu P, Siegel MI, Egan RW, Billah MM. Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) activation in human monocytes. IL-10 and IL-4 suppress cytokine synthesis by different mechanisms. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 9558-9563.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 9558-9563
    • Wang, P.1    Wu, P.2    Siegel, M.I.3    Egan, R.W.4    Billah, M.M.5
  • 105
    • 38149144095 scopus 로고
    • Heritable susceptibility to severe Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis is dominant and is associated with persistence of large numbers of spirochaetes in tissues
    • Yang L, Weis JH, Eichwald E, Kolbert CP, Pershing DH, Weis JJ. Heritable susceptibility to severe Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis is dominant and is associated with persistence of large numbers of spirochaetes in tissues. Parasitol Today 1994; 10: 128.
    • (1994) Parasitol Today , vol.10 , pp. 128
    • Yang, L.1    Weis, J.H.2    Eichwald, E.3    Kolbert, C.P.4    Pershing, D.H.5    Weis, J.J.6
  • 106
    • 0028057617 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis
    • Nocton JJ, Dressler F, Rutledge BJ, Rys PN, Persing DH, Steere AC. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 229-234.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 229-234
    • Nocton, J.J.1    Dressler, F.2    Rutledge, B.J.3    Rys, P.N.4    Persing, D.H.5    Steere, A.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.