Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease

Nature Immunology

Volumn 5, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 975-979

  Cook, Donald N ^a   Pisetsky, David S ^a   Schwartz, David A ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; CHUK PROTEIN, HUMAN; I KAPPA B KINASE; IKBKB PROTEIN, HUMAN; IKBKE PROTEIN, HUMAN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE;

ASTHMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; INNATE IMMUNITY; MORBIDITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FAMILY; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; ASTHMA; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; I-KAPPA B KINASE; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; SEPSIS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS;

EID: 5444254408     PISSN: 15292908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ni1116     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Arbour, N.C. et al. TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat. Genet. 25, 187-191 (2000).
2. Wenzel, R.P. Anti-endotoxin monoclonal antibodies - a second look. N. Engl. J. Med. 326, 1151-1153 (1992).
3. Agnese, D.M. et al. Human Toll-like receptor 4 mutations but not CD14 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of Gram-negative infections. J. Infect. Dis. 186, 1522-1525 (2002).
4. Lorenz, E., Mira, J., Frees, K. & Schwartz, D. Relevance of mutations in the TLR4 receptor in patients with Gram negative septic shock. Arch. Int. Med. 162, 1028-1032 (2002).
5. Child, N.J. et al. Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 4 and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 31, 652-653 (2003).
6. Smirnova, I. et al. Assay of locus-specific genetic load implicates rare Toll-like receptor 4 mutations in meningococcal susceptibility. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 6075-6080 (2003).
7. Read, R.C. et al. A functional polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4 is not associated with likelihood or severity of meningococcal disease. J. Infect. Dis. 184, 640-642 (2001).
8. Feterowski, C. et al. Effects of functional Toll-like receptor-4 mutations on the immune response to human and experimental sepsis. Immunology 109, 426-431 (2003).
9. Lorenz, E., Mira, J., Cornish, K., Arbour, N. & Schwartz, D. A novel polymorphism in the toll-like receptor 2 gene and its potential association with staphylococcal infection. Infect. Immun. 68, 6398-6401 (2000).
10. Ogus, A.C. et al. The Arg753Gln polymorphism of the human Toll-like receptor 2 gene in tuberculosis disease. Eur. Respir. J. 23, 219-223 (2004).
11. Bochud, P.Y., Hawn, T.R. & Aderem, A. Cutting edge: a Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphism that is associated with lepromatous leprosy is unable to mediate mycobacterial signaling. J. Immunol. 170, 3451-3454 (2003).
12. Kang, T.J. & Chae, G.T. Detection of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mutation in the lepromatous leprosy patients. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 31, 53-58 (2001).
13. Ben-Ali, M., Barbouche, M.R., Bousnina, S., Chabbou, A. & Dellagi, K. Toll-like receptor 2 Arg677Trp polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Tunisian patients. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11, 625-6 (2004).
14. Picard, C. et al. Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with IRAK-4 deficiency. Science 299, 2076-2079 (2003).
15. Medvedev, A.E. et al. Distinct mutations in IRAK-4 confer hyporesponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide and interleukin-1 in a patient with recurrent bacterial infections. J. Exp. Med. 198, 521-531 (2003).
16. Saleh, M. et al. Differential modulation of endotoxin responsiveness by human caspase-12 polymorphisms. Nature 429, 75-79 (2004).
17. Medvedev, A.E., Lentschat, A., Wahl, L.M., Golenbock, D.T. & Vogel, S.N. Dysregulation of LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4-MyD88 complex formation and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 activation in endotoxin-tolerant cells. J. Immunol. 169, 5209-5216 (2002).
18. Escoll, P. et al. Rapid up-regulation of IRAK-M expression following a second endotoxin challenge in human monocytes and in monocytes isolated from septic patients. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 311, 465-472 (2003).
19. + T lymphocytes in humans. J. Immunol. 166, 6952-6963 (2001).
20. Tinsley, K.W. et al. Sepsis induces apoptosis and profound depletion of splenic interdigitating and follicular dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 171, 909-914 (2003).
21. Bannerman, D.D., Tupper, J.C., Erwert, R.D., Winn, R.K. & Harlan, J.M. Divergence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide pro-apoptotic signaling downstream of IRAK-1. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 8048-8053 (2002).
22. Bannerman, D.D., Erwert, R.D., Winn, R.K. & Harlan, J.M. TIRAP mediates endotoxin-induced NF-κB activation and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295, 157-162 (2002).
23. Smahi, A. et al. Genomic rearrangement in NEMO impairs NF-κB activation and is a cause of incontinentia pigmenti. The International Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) Consortium. Nature 405, 466-472 (2000).
24. Puel, A., Picard, C., Ku, C.L., Smahi, A. & Casanova, J.L. Inherited disorders of NF-κB-mediated immunity in man. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 34-41 (2004).
25. Orange, J.S. et al. Deficient natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with IKK-γ/NEMO mutations. J. Clin. Invest. 109, 1501-1509 (2002).
26. Doffinger, R. et al. X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency is caused by impaired NF-κB signaling. Nat. Genet. 27, 277-285 (2001).
27. Jain, A. et al. Specific missense mutations in NEMO result in hyper-IgM syndrome with hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Nat. Immunol. 2, 223-228 (2001).
28. Courtois, G. et al. A hypermorphic IκBα mutation is associated with autosomal dominant anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and T cell immunodeficiency. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 1108-1115 (2003).
29. Kiechl, S. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and atherogenesis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 185-192 (2002).
30. Ameziane, N. et al. Association of the Toll-like receptor 4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism with acute coronary events. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, e61-64 (2003).
31. Boekholdt, S.M. et al. Variants of toll-like receptor 4 modify the efficacy of statin therapy and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation 107, 2416-2421 (2003).
32. Leinonen, M. & Saikku, P. Evidence for infectious agents in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2, 11-17 (2002).
33. Bulut, Y. et al. Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 activates macrophages and endothelial cells through Toll-like receptor 4 and MD2 in a MyD88-dependent pathway. J. Immunol. 168, 1435-1440 (2002).
34. Bjorkbacka, H. et al. Reduced atherosclerosis in MyD88-null mice links elevated serum cholesterol levels to activation of innate immunity signaling pathways. Nat. Med. 10, 416-421 (2004).
35. Xu, X.H. et al. Toll-like receptor-4 is expressed by macrophages in murine and human lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques and upregulated by oxidized LDL. Circulation 104, 3103-3108 (2001).
36. Eriksson, U. et al. Dendritic cell-induced autoimmune heart failure requires cooperation between adaptive and innate immunity. Nat. Med. 9, 1484-1490 (2003).
37. Michel, O. et al. Severity of asthma is related to endotoxin in house dust. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 154, 1641-1646 (1996).
38. Michel, O., Duchateau, J. & Sergysels, R. Effect of inhaled endotoxin on bronchial reactivity in asthmatic and normal subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 66, 1059-1064 (1989).
39. Braun-Fahrlander, C. et al. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 869-877 (2002).
40. Gehring, U., Bischof, W., Fahlbusch, B., Wichmann, H.E. & Heinrich, J. House dust endotoxin and allergic sensitization in children. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 939-944 (2002).
41. Raby, B.A. et al. Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 4 are not associated with asthma or atopy-related phenotypes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 1449-1456 (2002).
42. Werner, M. et al. TLR4 gene variants modify endotoxin effects on asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112, 323-330 (2003).
43. Yang, I.A. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism and severity of atopy in asthmatics. Genes Immun. 5, 41-45 (2004).
44. Higgins, S.C. et al. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate IL-10 activates antigen-specific regulatory T cells and confers resistance to Bordetella pertussis by inhibiting inflammatory pathology. J. Immunol. 171, 3119-3127 (2003).
45. Caramalho, I. et al. Regulatory T cells selectively express toll-like receptors and are activated by lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 197, 403-411 (2003).
46. Donnelly, J.J., Deck, R.R. & Liu, M.A. Immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide-Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine. J. Immunol. 145, 3071-3079 (1990).
47. Latz, E., Franko, J., Golenbock, D.T. & Schreiber, J.R. Haemophilus influenzae type b-outer membrane protein complex glycoconjugate vaccine induces cytokine production by engaging human toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and requires the presence of TLR2 for optimal immunogenicity. J. Immunol. 172, 2431-2438 (2004).
48. Jiang, W. & Pisetsky, D.S. Enhancing immunogenicity by CpG DNA. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 5, 180-185 (2003).
49. Kadowaki, N. et al. Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J. Exp. Med. 194, 863-869 (2001).
50. Hahn, B.H. Antibodies to DNA. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 1359-1368 (1998).
51. Gursel, I. et al. Repetitive elements in mammalian telomeres suppress bacterial DNA-induced immune activation. J. Immunol. 171, 1393-1400 (2003).
52. Leadbetter, E.A. et al. Chromatin-IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors. Nature 416, 603-607 (2002).
53. Viglianti, G.A. et al. Activation of autoreactive B cells by CpG dsDNA. Immunity 19, 837-847 (2003).