메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 447-456

New EMBO Member's Review - HIV and the chemokine system: 10 years later

Author keywords

Chemokines; HIV; Pathogenesis; Therapy; Viral receptors

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 3ALPHA; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 3BETA; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RANTES; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN;

EID: 32544446940     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: 14602075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600947     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (180)

References (84)
  • 4
    • 0033012398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: Roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease
    • Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM (1999) Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 17: 657-700
    • (1999) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 657-700
    • Berger, E.A.1    Murphy, P.M.2    Farber, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 0030925290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the first and third extracellular domains of CXCR-4 in human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor activity
    • Brelot A, Heveker N, Pleskoff O, Sol N, Alizon M (1997) Role of the first and third extracellular domains of CXCR-4 in human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor activity. J Virol 71: 4744-4751
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 4744-4751
    • Brelot, A.1    Heveker, N.2    Pleskoff, O.3    Sol, N.4    Alizon, M.5
  • 11
    • 0029417004 scopus 로고
    • Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells
    • Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P (1995) Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 270: 1811-1815
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1811-1815
    • Cocchi, F.1    DeVico, A.L.2    Garzino-Demo, A.3    Arya, S.K.4    Gallo, R.C.5    Lusso, P.6
  • 12
    • 0029955497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection
    • Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Cara A, Gallo RC, Lusso P (1996) The V3 domain of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is critical for chemokine-mediated blockade of infection. Nat Med 2: 1244-1247
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 1244-1247
    • Cocchi, F.1    DeVico, A.L.2    Garzino-Demo, A.3    Cara, A.4    Gallo, R.C.5    Lusso, P.6
  • 13
    • 0031575431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in coreceptor use coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Connor RI, Sheridan KE, Ceradini D, Choe S, Landau NR (1997) Change in coreceptor use coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. J Exp Med 185: 621-628
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.185 , pp. 621-628
    • Connor, R.I.1    Sheridan, K.E.2    Ceradini, D.3    Choe, S.4    Landau, N.R.5
  • 14
    • 0028798332 scopus 로고
    • Syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype suppression at seroconversion after intramuscular inoculation of a non-syncytium-inducing/SI phenotypically mixed human immunodeficiency virus population
    • Cornelissen M, Mulder-Kampinga G, Veenstra J, Zorgdrager F, Kuiken C, Hartman S, Dekker J, van der Hoek L, Sol C, Coutinho R, Goudsmit J (1995) Syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype suppression at seroconversion after intramuscular inoculation of a non-syncytium-inducing/SI phenotypically mixed human immunodeficiency virus population. J Virol 69: 1810-1818
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 1810-1818
    • Cornelissen, M.1    Mulder-Kampinga, G.2    Veenstra, J.3    Zorgdrager, F.4    Kuiken, C.5    Hartman, S.6    Dekker, J.7    Van Der Hoek, L.8    Sol, C.9    Coutinho, R.10    Goudsmit, J.11
  • 21
    • 0030002637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 entry cofactor: Functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor
    • Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA (1996) HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science 272: 872-877
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 872-877
    • Feng, Y.1    Broder, C.C.2    Kennedy, P.E.3    Berger, E.A.4
  • 23
    • 0037013086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-cytotoxic inhibition of HIV-1 infection by unstimulated CD8+ T lymphocytes from HIV-exposed-uninfected individuals
    • Furci L, Lopalco L, Loverro P, Sinnone M, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Lusso P (2002) Non-cytotoxic inhibition of HIV-1 infection by unstimulated CD8+ T lymphocytes from HIV-exposed-uninfected individuals. AIDS 16: 1003-1008
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , pp. 1003-1008
    • Furci, L.1    Lopalco, L.2    Loverro, P.3    Sinnone, M.4    Tambussi, G.5    Lazzarin, A.6    Lusso, P.7
  • 24
    • 0345097633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS
    • Gallo RC, Montagnier L (2003) The discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS. N Engl J Med 349: 2283-2285
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 2283-2285
    • Gallo, R.C.1    Montagnier, L.2
  • 29
  • 30
    • 0141703218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8+ T cell-mediated CXC chemokine receptor 4-simian/human immunodeficiency virus suppression in dually infected rhesus macaques
    • Harouse JM, Buckner C, Gettie A, Fuller R, Bohm R, Blanchard J, Cheng-Mayer C (2003) CD8+ T cell-mediated CXC chemokine receptor 4-simian/human immunodeficiency virus suppression in dually infected rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 10977-10982
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 10977-10982
    • Harouse, J.M.1    Buckner, C.2    Gettie, A.3    Fuller, R.4    Bohm, R.5    Blanchard, J.6    Cheng-Mayer, C.7
  • 31
    • 20444496046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering chemokines to develop optimized HIV inhibitors
    • Hartley O, Offord RE (2005) Engineering chemokines to develop optimized HIV inhibitors. Curr Protein Pept Sci 6: 207-219
    • (2005) Curr Protein Pept Sci , vol.6 , pp. 207-219
    • Hartley, O.1    Offord, R.E.2
  • 34
    • 25144464994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V3 loop-determined coreceptor preference dictates the dynamics of CD4+ T-cell loss in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
    • Ho SH, Shek L, Gettie A, Blanchard J, Cheng-Mayer C (2005) V3 loop-determined coreceptor preference dictates the dynamics of CD4+ T-cell loss in simian-human immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Virol 79: 12296-12303
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 12296-12303
    • Ho, S.H.1    Shek, L.2    Gettie, A.3    Blanchard, J.4    Cheng-Mayer, C.5
  • 36
    • 0031444235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV type 1 V3 variation dynamics in vivo: Long-term persistence of non-syncytium-inducing genotypes and transient presence of syncytium-inducing genotypes during the course of progressive AIDS
    • Ida S, Gatanaga H, Shioda T, Nagai Y, Kobayashi N, Shimada K, Kimura S, Iwamoto A, Oka S (1997) HIV type 1 V3 variation dynamics in vivo: long-term persistence of non-syncytium-inducing genotypes and transient presence of syncytium-inducing genotypes during the course of progressive AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13: 1597-1609
    • (1997) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.13 , pp. 1597-1609
    • Ida, S.1    Gatanaga, H.2    Shioda, T.3    Nagai, Y.4    Kobayashi, N.5    Shimada, K.6    Kimura, S.7    Iwamoto, A.8    Oka, S.9
  • 37
    • 0000520727 scopus 로고
    • Virus interference. I. The interferon
    • Isaacs A, Lindenmann J (1957) Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc R Soc London B 147: 258-267
    • (1957) Proc R Soc London B , vol.147 , pp. 258-267
    • Isaacs, A.1    Lindenmann, J.2
  • 38
    • 10744231634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved coreceptor usage prediction and genotypic monitoring of R5-to-X4 transition by motif analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env V3 loop sequences
    • Jensen MA, Li FS, van't Wout AB, Nickle DC, Shriner D, He HX, McLaughlin S, Shankarappa R, Margolick JB, Mullins JI (2003) Improved coreceptor usage prediction and genotypic monitoring of R5-to-X4 transition by motif analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env V3 loop sequences. J Virol 77: 13376-13388
    • (2003) J Virol , vol.77 , pp. 13376-13388
    • Jensen, M.A.1    Li, F.S.2    Van't Wout, A.B.3    Nickle, D.C.4    Shriner, D.5    He, H.X.6    McLaughlin, S.7    Shankarappa, R.8    Margolick, J.B.9    Mullins, J.I.10
  • 39
    • 1642423935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV biological variability unveiled: Frequent isolations and chimeric receptors reveal unprecedented variation of coreceptor use
    • Karlsson I, Antonsson L, Shi Y, Karlsson A, Albert J, Leitner T, Olde B, Owman C, Fenyo EM (2003) HIV biological variability unveiled: frequent isolations and chimeric receptors reveal unprecedented variation of coreceptor use. AIDS 17: 2561-2569
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 2561-2569
    • Karlsson, I.1    Antonsson, L.2    Shi, Y.3    Karlsson, A.4    Albert, J.5    Leitner, T.6    Olde, B.7    Owman, C.8    Fenyo, E.M.9
  • 40
    • 0032922339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging cytopathic and antigenic simian immunodeficiency virus variants influence AIDS progression
    • Kimata JT, Kuller L, Anderson DB, Dailey P, Overbaugh J (1999) Emerging cytopathic and antigenic simian immunodeficiency virus variants influence AIDS progression. Nat Med 5: 535-541
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 535-541
    • Kimata, J.T.1    Kuller, L.2    Anderson, D.B.3    Dailey, P.4    Overbaugh, J.5
  • 41
    • 0035100868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of a single N-linked glycan allows CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by altering the position of the gp120 V1/V2 variable loops
    • Kolchinsky P, Kiprilov E, Bartley P, Rubinstein R, Sodroski J (2001) Loss of a single N-linked glycan allows CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by altering the position of the gp120 V1/V2 variable loops. J Virol 75: 3435-3443
    • (2001) J Virol , vol.75 , pp. 3435-3443
    • Kolchinsky, P.1    Kiprilov, E.2    Bartley, P.3    Rubinstein, R.4    Sodroski, J.5
  • 42
    • 85069108181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing sensitivity to RANTES neutralization of CC chemokine receptor 5-using, non-syncytium-inducing virus variants in the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Koning FA, Kwa D, Boeser-Nunnink B, Dekker J, Vingerhoed J, Hiemstra H, Schuitemaker H (2003) Decreasing sensitivity to RANTES neutralization of CC chemokine receptor 5-using, non-syncytium-inducing virus variants in the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 188: 804-872
    • (2003) J Infect Dis , vol.188 , pp. 804-872
    • Koning, F.A.1    Kwa, D.2    Boeser-Nunnink, B.3    Dekker, J.4    Vingerhoed, J.5    Hiemstra, H.6    Schuitemaker, H.7
  • 44
    • 0032543307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody
    • Kwong PD, Wyatt R, Robinson J, Sweet RW, Sodroski J, Hendrickson WA (1998) Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody. Nature 393: 648-659
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 648-659
    • Kwong, P.D.1    Wyatt, R.2    Robinson, J.3    Sweet, R.W.4    Sodroski, J.5    Hendrickson, W.A.6
  • 46
    • 0031022809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance of autologous neutralizing antibody correlates with reduction in virus load and phenotype switch during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Lathey JL, Pratt RD, Spector SA (1997) Appearance of autologous neutralizing antibody correlates with reduction in virus load and phenotype switch during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 175: 231-232
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.175 , pp. 231-232
    • Lathey, J.L.1    Pratt, R.D.2    Spector, S.A.3
  • 50
    • 0030009546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling HIV pathogenesis: The role of the noncytotoxic anti-HIV response of CD8+ T cells
    • Levy JA, Mackewicz CE, Barker E (1996) Controlling HIV pathogenesis: the role of the noncytotoxic anti-HIV response of CD8+ T cells. Immunol Today 17: 217-224
    • (1996) Immunol Today , vol.17 , pp. 217-224
    • Levy, J.A.1    Mackewicz, C.E.2    Barker, E.3
  • 53
    • 0034255346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines and viruses: The dearest enemies
    • Lusso P (2000) Chemokines and viruses: the dearest enemies. Virology 273: 228-240
    • (2000) Virology , vol.273 , pp. 228-240
    • Lusso, P.1
  • 54
    • 18744368767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptic nature of a conserved, CD4-inducible V3 loop neutralization epitope in the native envelope glycoprotein oligomer of CCR5-restricted, but not CXCR4-using, primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains
    • Lusso P, Earl PL, Sironi F, Santoro F, Ripamonti C, Scarlatti G, Longhi R, Berger EA, Burastero SE (2005) Cryptic nature of a conserved, CD4-inducible V3 loop neutralization epitope in the native envelope glycoprotein oligomer of CCR5-restricted, but not CXCR4-using, primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains. J Virol 79: 6957-6968
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 6957-6968
    • Lusso, P.1    Earl, P.L.2    Sironi, F.3    Santoro, F.4    Ripamonti, C.5    Scarlatti, G.6    Longhi, R.7    Berger, E.A.8    Burastero, S.E.9
  • 55
    • 0028801683 scopus 로고
    • Human herpesvirus 6 in AIDS
    • Lusso P, Gallo RC (1995) Human herpesvirus 6 in AIDS. Immunol Today 16: 67-71
    • (1995) Immunol Today , vol.16 , pp. 67-71
    • Lusso, P.1    Gallo, R.C.2
  • 56
    • 0037228187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines - Strategic weapons in germ warfare?
    • Margolis L (2003) Cytokines - strategic weapons in germ warfare? Nat Biotechnol 21: 15-16
    • (2003) Nat Biotechnol , vol.21 , pp. 15-16
    • Margolis, L.1
  • 59
    • 22544452432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promiscuous CC chemokine receptor D6 is a functional coreceptor for primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 on astrocytes
    • Neil SJ, Aasa-Chapman MM, Clapham PR, Nibbs RJ, McKnight A, Weiss RA (2005) The promiscuous CC chemokine receptor D6 is a functional coreceptor for primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 on astrocytes. J Virol 79: 9618-9624
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 9618-9624
    • Neil, S.J.1    Aasa-Chapman, M.M.2    Clapham, P.R.3    Nibbs, R.J.4    McKnight, A.5    Weiss, R.A.6
  • 60
    • 0032565314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced HIV-1 infectability of CD4+ lymphocytes from exposed-uninfected individuals: Association with low expression of CCR5 and high production of β-chemokines
    • Paxton WA, Liu R, Kang S, Wu L, Gingeras TR, Landau NR, Mackay CR, Koup RA (1998) Reduced HIV-1 infectability of CD4+ lymphocytes from exposed-uninfected individuals: association with low expression of CCR5 and high production of β-chemokines. Virology 244: 66-73
    • (1998) Virology , vol.244 , pp. 66-73
    • Paxton, W.A.1    Liu, R.2    Kang, S.3    Wu, L.4    Gingeras, T.R.5    Landau, N.R.6    Mackay, C.R.7    Koup, R.A.8
  • 64
    • 0032856713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates infect CD4-negative cells via CCR5 and CXCR4: Comparison with HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo
    • Reeves JD, Hibbitts S, Simmons G, McKnight A, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Moniz-Pereira J, Clapham PR (1999) Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates infect CD4-negative cells via CCR5 and CXCR4: comparison with HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo. J Virol 73: 7795-7804
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 7795-7804
    • Reeves, J.D.1    Hibbitts, S.2    Simmons, G.3    McKnight, A.4    Azevedo-Pereira, J.M.5    Moniz-Pereira, J.6    Clapham, P.R.7
  • 69
    • 0026600926 scopus 로고
    • Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: Progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T-cell-tropic virus population
    • Schuitemaker H, Koot M, Kootstra NA, Dercksen MW, de Goede RE, van Steenwijk RP, Lange JM, Schattenkerk JK, Miedema F, Tersmette M (1992) Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T-cell-tropic virus population. J Virol 66: 1354-1360
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 1354-1360
    • Schuitemaker, H.1    Koot, M.2    Kootstra, N.A.3    Dercksen, M.W.4    De Goede, R.E.5    Van Steenwijk, R.P.6    Lange, J.M.7    Schattenkerk, J.K.8    Miedema, F.9    Tersmette, M.10
  • 73
    • 0031971750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α;, MIP-1β, and RANTES genes in lymph nodes from HIV+ individuals: Correlation with a Th1-type cytokine response
    • Trumpfheller C, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Fleischer B, Frosch S (1998) Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α;, MIP-1β, and RANTES genes in lymph nodes from HIV+ individuals: correlation with a Th1-type cytokine response. Clin Exp Immunol 112: 92-99
    • (1998) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.112 , pp. 92-99
    • Trumpfheller, C.1    Tenner-Racz, K.2    Racz, P.3    Fleischer, B.4    Frosch, S.5
  • 75
    • 0032160522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCR4 is a functional coreceptor for infection of human macrophages by CXCR4-dependent primary HIV-1 isolates
    • Verani A, Pesenti E, Polo S, Tresoldi E, Scarlatti G, Lusso P, Siccardi AG, Vercelli D (1998) CXCR4 is a functional coreceptor for infection of human macrophages by CXCR4-dependent primary HIV-1 isolates. J Immunol 161: 2084-2088
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 2084-2088
    • Verani, A.1    Pesenti, E.2    Polo, S.3    Tresoldi, E.4    Scarlatti, G.5    Lusso, P.6    Siccardi, A.G.7    Vercelli, D.8
  • 76
    • 0037097773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection by lipopolysaccharide: Evidence of different mechanisms in macrophages and T lymphocytes
    • Verani A, Sironi F, Siccardi AG, Lusso P, Vercelli D (2002) Inhibition of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 infection by lipopolysaccharide: evidence of different mechanisms in macrophages and T lymphocytes. J Immunol 168: 6388-6395
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 6388-6395
    • Verani, A.1    Sironi, F.2    Siccardi, A.G.3    Lusso, P.4    Vercelli, D.5
  • 77
    • 0022967777 scopus 로고
    • CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication
    • Walker CM, Moody DJ, Stites DP, Levy JA (1986) CD8+ lymphocytes can control HIV infection in vitro by suppressing virus replication. Science 234: 1563-1566
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 1563-1566
    • Walker, C.M.1    Moody, D.J.2    Stites, D.P.3    Levy, J.A.4
  • 80
    • 2942659318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by GB virus C infection through increases in RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and SDF-1
    • Xiang J, George SL, Wunschmann S, Chang Q, Klinzman D, Stapleton JT (2004) Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by GB virus C infection through increases in RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and SDF-1. Lancet 363: 2040-2046
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 2040-2046
    • Xiang, J.1    George, S.L.2    Wunschmann, S.3    Chang, Q.4    Klinzman, D.5    Stapleton, J.T.6
  • 81
    • 0030997137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by CD8+ cells: Evidence for HLA class I-restricted triggering of cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms
    • Yang OO, Kalams SA, Trocha A, Cao H, Luster A, Johnson RP, Walker BD (1997) Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by CD8+ cells: evidence for HLA class I-restricted triggering of cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms. J Virol 71: 3120-3128
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 3120-3128
    • Yang, O.O.1    Kalams, S.A.2    Trocha, A.3    Cao, H.4    Luster, A.5    Johnson, R.P.6    Walker, B.D.7
  • 82
    • 0347003600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of CD4-independent primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that are syncytium inducing and acutely cytopathic for CD8+ lymphocytes
    • Zerhouni B, Nelson JA, Saha K (2004) Isolation of CD4-independent primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that are syncytium inducing and acutely cytopathic for CD8+ lymphocytes. J Virol 78: 1243-1255
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 1243-1255
    • Zerhouni, B.1    Nelson, J.A.2    Saha, K.3
  • 83
    • 0041468871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On natural and artificial vaccinations
    • Zinkernagel RM (2003) On natural and artificial vaccinations. Annu Rev Immunol 21: 515-546
    • (2003) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 515-546
    • Zinkernagel, R.M.1
  • 84
    • 0032507962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development
    • Zou YR, Kottmann AH, Kuroda M, Taniuchi I, Littman DR (1998) Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development. Nature 393: 595-599
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 595-599
    • Zou, Y.R.1    Kottmann, A.H.2    Kuroda, M.3    Taniuchi, I.4    Littman, D.R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.