Physiological Achilles' heels of enteropathogenic bacteria in livestock

Current Issues in Intestinal Microbiology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 31-54

  Becker, Petra M ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; AVIGUARD; BACTERIAL TOXIN; BISULFITE; BROILACT; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; CARBOHYDRATE; CARBOXYLIC ACID; CHEMOATTRACTANT; CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR; COPPER SULFATE; DICHLOROMETHANE; ENTEROTOXIN; ESSENTIAL OIL; FATTY ACID; FERROUS ION; FOOD ADDITIVE; FORMIC ACID; HYALUS; MUCIN; PLANT EXTRACT; PREEMPT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROPIONIC ACID; PULEGONE; SEIKO DWB; SPHINGOLIPID; SULFITE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VETERINARY DRUG; ZINC ION; ZINC SULFATE;

ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL FOOD; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BRACHYSPIRA; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENTEROPATHY; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD SAFETY; FOOD STORAGE; INFECTION PREVENTION; LIVESTOCK; MILK; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SALMONELLA; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA;

ACHILLES TENDON; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; BACTERIOCINS; DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FOOD ADDITIVES; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT;

ANIMALIA; BRACHYSPIRA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA;

EID: 23144446192     PISSN: 1466531X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (280)

1. Abu-Ghazaleh, B.M. (2000). Inhibition of Aeromonas caviae and A. sobria by sodium chloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, potassium sorbate and extracts of Thymus vulgaris. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 53, 111-115.
2. Aho, M., Nuotio, L., Nurmi, E., and Kiiskinen, T. (1992). Competitive exclusion of campylobacters from poultry with K-bacteria and Broilact. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 15, 265-275.
3. Albrecht, J.A. (2005) Campylobacter jejuni. .
4. Allen, V.M., Fernandez, F., and Hinton, M.H. (1977). Evaluation of the influence of supplementing the diet with mannose or palm kernel meal on Salmonella colonisation in poultry. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 485-488.
5. Al-Mashat, R.R., and Taylor, D.J. (1983). Bacteria in enteric lesions of cattle. Vet. Rec. 112, 5-10.
6. Al-Sheikhly, F., and Truscott, R.B. (1977). The interaction of Clostridium perfringens and its toxins in the production of necrotic enteritis of chickens. Avian Dis. 21, 256-263.
7. Amirmozafari, N., and Robertson, D.C. (1993). Nutritional requirements for synthesis of heat-stable enterotoxin by Yersinia enterocolitica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 3314-3320.
8. Annapurna, E., and Sanyal, S.C. (1977). Enterotoxicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. J. Med. Microbiol. 10, 317-323.
9. Annett, C.B., Viste, J.R., Chirino-Trejo, M., Classen, H.L., Middleton, D.M., and Simko, E. (2002) Necrotic enteritis, effect of barley, wheat and corn diets on proliferation of Clostridium perfringens type A. Avian Pathol. 31, 598-601.
10. Apella, M.C., Gonzalez, S.N., Nader de Macias, M.E., Romero, N., and Oliver, G. (1992). In vitro studies on the growth of Shigella sonnei by Lactobacillus casei and Lact. acidophilus. Appl. Bacteriol. 73, 480-483.
11. Arai, T., Ikejima, N., Itoh, T., Sakai, S., Shimada, T., and Sakazaki, R. (1980). A survey of Plesiomonas shigelloides from aquatic environments, domestic animals, pets and humans. J. Hyg. 84, 203-211.
12. Argenzio, R.A., and Southworth, M. (11975). Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Am. J. Physiol. 228, 454-460.
13. Ashkenazi, S., and Mirelman, D. (1987). Nonimmunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits the adherence of certain enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains to guinea pig intestinal tract. Pediatr. Res. 22, 130-134.
14. Asplund, K., Hakkinen, M., Bjorkroth, J., Nuotio, L., and Nurmi, E. (1996). Note, inhibition of the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica O,3 by the microflora of porcine caecum and ileum in an in vitro model. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 81, 217-222.
15. Atkinson, R N. (1998). Clostridium perfringens type D in a dairy cow. Vet. Rec. 142, 120.
16. Baba, E., Tsukamoto, Y., Fukata, T., Sasai, K., and Arakawa, A. (1993). Increase of mannose residues, as Salmonella typhimurium adhering factor, on the cecal mucosa of germ-free chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54, 1471-1475.
17. Babbar, H.S., Jaswal, V.M., Gupta, R., and Mahmood, A. (1989). Fucose and sialic acid contents of intestinal microvillus membranes from different animal species. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 27, 20-22.
18. Baratéla, K.C., Saridakis, H.O., Gaziri, L.C., and Pelayo, J.S. (2001). Effects of medium composition, calcium, iron and oxygen on haemolysin production by Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water. J. Appl. Microbiol. 90, 482-487.
19. Barcellos, D.E., Mathiesen, M.R., de Uzeda, M., Kader, I.I.T.A, and Duhamel, G.E. (2000). Prevalence of Brachyspira species isolated from diarrhoeic pigs in Brazil. Vet. Rec. 146, 398-403.
20. Bardon, J. (1999). Evaluation of the pathogenicity of strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated in animals. Vet. Med. 44, 161-164.
21. Baskett, R.C., and Hentges, D.J. (1973). Shigella flexneri inhibition by acetic acid. Infect. Immun. 8, 91-97.
22. Bateup, J.M., McConnel, M.A., Jenkinson, H.F., and Tannock, G.W. (1995). Comparison of Lactobacillus strains with respect to bile salt hydrolase activity, colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, and growth rate of the murine host. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 1147-1149.
23. Baumann, D., Bilkei, G. (2002). Effect of highly fermentable dietary fiber on the development of swine dysentery and on pig performance in a "Pure Culture Challenge Model". Berl. Münch. Tieräztl. Wochenschr. 115, 37-42.
24. Bautista, D.A., Pegg, R.B., and Shand, P.J. (2000). Effect of L-glucose and D-tagatose on bacterial growth in media and a cooked cured ham product. J. Food. Prot. 63, 71-77.
25. Bayer, M.D.L. (2005). Safety data sheet Aviguard.
26. Beaudry, M., Zhu, C., Fairbrother, J.M., and Harel, J. (1996). Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs manifesting attaching and effacing lesions. J. Clin. Microblol. 34, 144-148.
27. Belœil, P.-A., Fravalo, P., Fablet, C., Jolly, J.-P., Eveno, E., Hascoet, Y., Chauvin, C., Salvat, G., and Madec, F. (2004). Risk factors for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding by market-age pigs in French farrow-to-finish herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 63, 103-120
28. Bertram, T.A., Krakowka, S., Morgan, D.R. (1991). Gastritis associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori, comparative pathology in humans and swine. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13, S714-S722.
29. Bettelheim, K. , Thomas, G.H. (2005). Pathogenic E. coli. .
30. Bioscience (2005). Salmonella control products.
31. Bitzan, M.M., Gold, B.D., Philpott, D.J., Huesca, M., Sherman, P.M., Karch, H., Lissner, R., Lingwood, C.A., and Karmali, M.A. (1998). Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae binding to lipid receptors by bovine colostrum. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 955-961.
32. Blaser, M.J., Hardesty, H.L., Powers, B., and Wang, W.L. (1980). Survival of Campylobacter fetus susp. jejuni in biological milieus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 11, 309-313.
33. Bolder, N.M., Van Lith, L.A.J.T., Putirulan, F.F., Jacobs-Reitsma, W.F., Mulder, R.W.A.W. (1992). Prevention of colonization by Salmonella enteritidis PT4 in broiler chickens. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 15, 313-317.
34. Borriello, S.P. (1995). Clostridial disease of the gut. Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, S242-S250.
35. Borriello, S.P., Carman, R.J. (1983). Association of iota-like toxin and Clostridium spiroforme with both spontaneous and antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis in rabbits. J. Clin. Microbiol. 17, 414-418.
36. Bovee-Oudenhoven, I.M., and Van der Meer, R. (1997a). Protective effects of dietary lactulose and calcium phosphate against Salmonella infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl. 222, 112-114.
37. Bovee-Oudenhoven, I.M.,Termont, D., Dekker, R., and Van der Meer, R. (1996). Calcium in milk and fermentation by yoghurt bacteria increase the resistance of rats to Salmonella infection. Gut 38, 59-65.
38. Bovee-Oudenhoven, I.M., Termont, D.S., Heidt, P.J., and Van der Meer, R. (1997b). Increasing the intestinal resistance of rats to the invasive pathogen Salmonella enteritidis, additive effects of dietary lactulose and calcium. Gut 40, 497-504.
39. Bovee-Oudenhoven, I.M.,Termont, D.S., Weerkamp, A.H., Faassen-Peters, M.A., and Van der Meer, R. (1997c). Dietary calcium inhibits the intestinal colonization and translocation of Salmonella in rats. Gastroenterology 113, 550-557.
40. Bovee-Oudenhoven, I.M., Wissink, M.L., Wouters, J.T., and Van der Meer, R. (1999). Dietary calcium phosphate stimulates intestinal lactobacilli and decreases the severity of a salmonella infection in rats. J. Nutr. 129, 607-612.
41. Boyanova, L., and Neshev, G. (1999). Inhibitory effect of rose oil products on Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro, preliminary report. J. Med. Microbiol. 48, 705-706.
42. Branton, S.L., Lott, B.D., Deaton, J.W., Maslin, W.R., Austin, F.W., Pote, L.M., Keirs, R.W., Latour, M.A., and Day, E.J. (1997). The effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fiber on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 76, 24-28.
43. Branton, S.L., Reece, F.N., and Hagler, W.M. (1987). Influence of a wheat diet on mortality of broiler chickens associated with necrotic enteritis. Poult. Sci. 66, 1326-1330.
44. -. Infect. Immun. 69, 4447-4457.
45. Bullen, J.J., Leigh, C., and Rogers, H.J. (1968). The effect of iron compounds on the virulence of Escherichia coli for guinea pigs. Immunology 15, 581-588.
46. Burger, O., Ofek, I., Tabak, M., Weiss, E., Sharon, N., and Neeman, I. (2000). A high molecular weight constituent of cranberry juice inhibits Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 29, 295-301.
47. Burger, O., Weiss, E., Sharon, N., Tabak, M., Neeman, I., and Ofek, I. (2002). Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus by a high-molecular-weight constituent of cranberry juice. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 42, 279-284.
48. Burnens, A., Stanley, J., Schaad, U., and Nicolet, J. (1993). Novel Campylobacter-like organism resembling Helicobacter fennelliae isolated from a boy with gastroenteritis from dogs. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 1916-1917.
49. Burnens, A.P., Stanley, J., Morgenstern, R., and Nicolet, J. (1994). Gastroenteritis associated with Helicobacter pullorum. Lancet 344, 1569-1570.
50. Byrd, J.A., Corrier, D.E., Hume, M.E., Bailey, R.H., Stanker, L.H., and Hargis, B.M. (1998). Effect of feed withdrawal on Campylobacter in the crops of market-age broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 42, 802-806.
51. Byrd, J.A., Hargis, B.M., Caldwell, D.J., Bailey, R.H., Herron, K.L., McReynolds, J.L., Brewer, R.L., Anderson, R.C., Bischoff, K.M., Callaway, T.R., and Kubena, L.F. (2001). Effect of lactic acid administration in the drinking water during preslaughter feed withdrawal on Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of broilers. Poult. Sci. 80, 278-283.
52. Cameron, D.M., and Carter, J.N. (1992) Evaluation of the efficacy of BROILACT in preventing infection of broiler chicks with S. enteritidis PT4. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 15, 319-326.
53. Carré, B., and Brillouet, J.M. (1986). Yield and composition of cell wall residues isolated from various feedstuffs used for non-ruminant farm animals. J. Sci. Food Agri. 37, 341-351.
54. Chaveerach, P., Keuzenkamp, D.A., Urlings, H.A., Lipman, L.J., and Van Knapen, F. (2002). In vitro study on the effect of organic acids on Campylobacter jejunil coli populations in mixtures of water and feed. Poult. Sci. 81, 621-628.
55. China, B., Pirson, V., and Mainil, J. (1996). Typing of bovine attaching and effacing Escherichia coli by multiplex in vitro amplification of virulence-associated genes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 3462-3465.
56. Chou, G. (1971). Medium for toxin production by Chlostridium perfringens in continuous culture. Appl. Microbiol. 21, 794-798.
57. Collins, J.E., Bergeland, M.E., Bouley, D., Ducommun, A.L., Francis, D.H., and Yeske, P. (1989). Diarrhea associated with Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin in neonatal pigs. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 1, 351-353.
58. Cornelis, G.R., Boland, A., Boyd, A.P., Geuijnen, C., Iriarte, M., Neyt, C., Sory, M.-P., Stainier, I. (1998). The virulence plasmid of Yersinia, an anti host genome. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62, 1315-1352.
59. Cravioto, A., Gross, R.J., Scotland, S.M., and Rowe, B. (1979). An adhesive factor found in strains of Escherichia coli belonging to the traditional infantile enteropathogenic serotypes. Curr. Microbiol. 3, 95-99.
60. Daskaleros, P.A., Stoebner, J.A., and Payne, S.M. (1991). Iron uptake in Plesiomonas shigelloides, cloning of the genes for the heme-iron uptake system. Infect. Immun. 59, 2706-2711.
61. De Vaux, A., Morrison, M., and Hutkins, R.W. (2002). Displacement of Escherichia coli O157,H7 from rumen medium containing prebiotic sugars. App. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 519-524.
62. Deplancke, B., and Gaskins, H.R. (2001). Microbial modulation of innate defense, goblet cells and the intestinal mucus layer. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 1131S-1141S.
63. Desai, H.G., Gill, H.H., Shankaran, K., Mehta, P.R., and Prabhu, S.R. (1991). Dental plaque, a permanent reservoir of Helicobacter pylori? Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 26, 1205-1208.
64. Diez-Gonsalez, F., Callaway, T.R., Kizoulis, M.G., and Russel, J.B. (1998). Grain feeding and the dissemination of acid-resistant Escherichia coli from cattle. Science 281, 1666-1668.
65. Dijk, R., Beumer, R.R., De Boer, E., Bosboom, M.M.M., Brinkman, E., Debevere, J., Van Dijk, J.C., Dijkstra, A.F., and Stegeman, H. (1999). Microbiologie van voedingsmiddelen: Methoden, principes en criteria (Houten, The Netherlands: Keesing Noordervliet B.V.).
66. Doyle, M.P., and Roman, D.J. (1981). Growth and survival of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni as a function of temperature and pH. J. Food. Prot. 44, 596-601.
67. Drew, M.D., Syed, N.A., Goldade, B.G., Laarveld, B., and Van Kessel, A.G. (2004). Effects of dietary protein source and level on intestinal populations of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 83, 414-420.
68. Droleskey, R.E., Oyofo, B.A., Hargis, B.M., Corrier, D.E., and De Loach, J.R. (1994). Effect of mannose on Salmonella typhimurium-mediated loss of mucosal epithelial integrity in cultured chick intestinal segments. Avian Dis. 38, 275-281.
69. Duhamel, G.E., Trott, D.J., Muniappa, N., Mathiesen, M.R., Tarasiuk, K., Lee, J.I., and Hampson, D.J. (1998). Canine intestinal spirochetes consist of Serpulina pilosicoli and a newly identified group provisionally designated "Serpulina canis" sp. nov. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 2264-2270.
70. Dupont, D.P., Duhamel, G.E., Carlson, M.P., and Mathiesen, M.R. (1994). Effect of divalent cations on hemolysin synthesis by Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae, inhibition induced by zinc and copper. Vet. Microbiol. 41, 63-73.
71. Durmic, Z., Pethick, D.W., Mullan, B.P., Schulze, H., Accioly, J.M., and Hampson, D.J. (2000). Extrusion of wheat or sorghum and/or addition of exogenous enzymes to pig diets influences the large intestinal microbiota but does not prevent development of swine dysentery following experimental challenge. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89, 678-686.
72. Eaton, K.A., Dewhirst, F.E., Radin, M.J., Fox, J.G., Paster, B.J., Krakowka, S., and Morgan, D.R. (1993). Helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., isolated from cheetahs with gastritis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43, 99-106.
73. Eaton, K.A., Krakowka, S. (1994). Effect of gastric pH on urease-dependent colonization of gnotobiotic piglets by Helicobacter pylori. Infect. Immun. 62, 3604-3607.
74. Ehara, M., Iwami, M., Ichinose, Y., Shimotori, S., Kangethe, S.K., Honma, Y. (1991). Selective induction of fimbriate Vibrio cholerae O1. Trop. Med. 33, 93-107.
75. El-Sanousi, S.M., el-Shazly, M.O., al-Dughyem, A., and Gameel, A.A. (1992). An outbreak of enterotoxaemia in cats. Zentralbl. Veterinärmed. [B] 39, 403-409.
76. Elwinger, K., Schneitz, C., Berndtson, E., Fossum, O., Teglöf, B., and Engström, B. (1992). Factors affecting the incidence of necrotic enteritis, caecal carriage of Clostridium perfringens and bird performance in Broiler chicks. Acta Vet. Scand. 33, 369-378.
77. Engström, B.E., Fermér, C., Lindberg, A., Saarinen, E., Båverud, V., and Gunnarsson, A. (2003). Molecular typing of isolates of Clostridium perfringens from healthy and diseased poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 94, 225-235.
78. Evans, D.J., Evans, D.G., and DuPont, H.L. (1979). Hemagglutination patterns of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli determined with human, bovine, chicken, and guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence and absence of mannose. Infect. Immun. 23, 336-346.
79. Fain Binda, J.C., Comba, E., Pedrana, M.A., and Añaños, N. (1993). Enfermedales animales asociades a Vibrio cholerae no O-1 (NAG). Veterinaria Argentina 10, 310-315. (cited from Visser et al., 1999).
80. Fellström, C., Petterson, B., Johansson, K.E., Lundeheim, N., and Gunnarsson, A. (1996). Prevalence of Serpulina species in relation to diarrhea and feed medication in pig-rearing herds in Sweden. Am. J. Vet. Res. 57, 807-811.
81. Fellström, C., Pettersson, B., Zimmerman, U., Gunnarsson, A., Feinstein, R. (2001). Classification of Brachyspira spp. isolated from Swedish dogs. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2, 75-82.
82. Ferreira, A.J., Ferreira, C.S., Knobl, T., Moreno, A.M., Bacarro, M.R., Chen, M., Robach, M., and Mead, G.C. (2003). Comparison of three commercial competitive-exclusion products for controlling Salmonella colonization of broilers in Brazil. J. Food. Prot. 66, 490-492.
83. Ficken, M.D., and Wages, D.P. (1997). Necrotic enteritis. In Diseases of Poultry, B.W. Calnek, ed. (London, UK: Mosby-Wolfe), 10th ed., pp. 261-264.
84. Field, L.H., Headly, V.L., Payne, S.M., and Berry, L.J. (1986). Influence of iron on growth, morphology, outer membrane composition, and synthesis of siderophores in Campylobacter jejuni. Infect. Immun. 54, 126-132.
85. Flamini, G., Cioni, P.L., Puleio, R., Morelli, I., and Panizzi, L. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi. Phytother. Res. 13, 349-351.
86. Fletcher, R.D., Albers, A.C., Chen, A.K., and Alberton, J.N. Jr. (1983). Ascorbic acid inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni growth. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45, 792-795.
87. Floor, M.K., Jahangeer, S., d'Ambrosio, C., and Alabaster, O. (1991). Serum gastrin increases with increasing dietary calcium but not with increasing dietary fat or fiber in Fischer-344 rats. J. Nutr. 121, 863-868.
88. Fogg, F.J., Hutton, D.A., Jumel, K., Pearson, J.P., Harding, S.E., and Allen, A. (1996). Characterization of pig colonic mucins. Biochem. J. 316, 937-942.
89. Foley, J.E., Solnick, J.V., Lapointe, J.M., Jang, S., and Pedersen, N.C. (1998). Identification of a novel enteric Helicobacter species in a kitten with severe diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 908-912.
90. Foster, G., Patterson, T., Pennycott, T., and Cheasty, T. (2000). Plesiomonas shigelloides - an uncommon cause of diarrhoea in cats? Vet. Rec. 146, 411.
91. Fox, J.G., Batchelder, M., Marini, R., Yan, L., Handt, L., Li, X., Shames, B., Hayward, A., Campbell, J., and Murphy, J.C. (1995). Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in the domestic cat. Infect. Immun. 63, 2674-2681.
92. Freter, R., Allweis, B., O'Brien, P.C.M., Halstead, S.A., and Macsai, M.S. (1981). Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa, in vitro studies. Infect. Immun. 34, 241-249.
93. Freter, R., and Jones, G.W. (1976). Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae, nature of the interactions with intact mucosal surfaces. Infect. Immun. 14, 246-256.
94. Fukushima, H., and Gomyoda, M. (1986). Inhibition of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O3 by natural microflora of pork. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51, 990-994.
95. Garrity, G.M., Winters, M., and Searles, D.B. (2001). Taxonomic outline of the prokaryotic genera. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, G.M. Garrity, ed. (New York, NY, USA: Springer), 2nd ed., p. 13.
96. Genovese, K.J., Harvey, R.B., Anderson, R.C., and Nisbet, D.J. (2001). Protection of suckling neonatal pigs against infection with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli expressing 987P fimbriae by the administration of a bacterial competitive exclusion culture. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 13, 223-228.
97. Gibson, J.R., Ferrus, M.A., Woodward, D., Xerry, J., and Owen, R.J. (1999). Genetic diversity in Helicobacter pullorum from human and poultry sources identified by an amplified fragment length polymorphism technique and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87, 602-610.
98. Gibson, G.R., and Wang, X. (1994). Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 77, 412-420.
99. Glünder, G. (2002). Influence of diet on the occurrence of some bacteria in the intestinal flora of wild and pet birds. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 109, 266-270.
100. González-Rey, C., Svenson, S.B., Bravo, L., Siitonen A., Pasquale, V., Dumontet S., Ciznar, I., and Krovacek, K. (2004). Serotypes and anti-microbial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates from humans, animals and aquatic environments in different countries. CIMID 27, 129-139.
101. Gray, S.J., and Stickler, D.J. (1989). Some observations on the faecal carriage of mesophilic Aeromonas species in cows and pigs. Epidemiol. Infect. 103, 523-537.
102. Hacker, J., Schmidt, G., Hughes, C., Knapp, S., Marget, M., and Goebel, W. (1985). Cloning and characterization of genes involved in production of mannose-resistant, neuraminidase-susceptible (X) fimbriae from a uropathogenic O6,K15,H31 Escherichia coli strain. Infect. Immun. 47, 434-440.
103. Hakkinen, M., and Schneitz, C. (1996). Efficacy of a commercial competitive exclusion product against chicken pathogenic Escherichia coli and E. coli O157: H7. Vet. Rec. 139, 139-141.
104. Hakkinen, M., and Schneitz, C. (1999). Efficacy of a commercial competitive exclusion product against Campylobacter jejuni. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 619-621.
105. Hampson, D.J., Pethink, D.W., Pluske, J.R., Mullan, B.P., Durmic, Z., McDonald, D.E., and Siba, P.M. (1997). Swine dysentery - an edible cure. Feed Mix. 5, 8-12.
106. Hampson, D.J., Robertson, I.D., La, T., Oxberry, S.L., and Pethick, D.W. (2000). Influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli. Vet. Microbiol. 73, 75-84.
107. Hao, Y.Y., Brackett, R.E., and Doyle, M.P. (1998). Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Aeromonas hydrophila by plant extracts in refrigerated cooked beef. J. Food Prot. 61, 307-312.
108. Harmsen, H.J.M., Raangs, G.C., He, T., Degener, J.E., and Welling, G.W. (2002). Extensive set of 16S rRNA-based probes for detection of bacteria in human feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 2982-2990.
109. Harris, D.L., Alexander, T.J.L., Whipp, S.C., Robinson, I.M., Glock, R.D., and Matthews, P.J. (1978). Swine dysentery, studies of gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with Treponema hyodysenteriae, Bacteroides vulgatus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. JAVMA 122, 468-471.
110. Hata, Y., Kita, T., and Murakami, M. (1999). Bovine milk inhibits both adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to sulfatide and Helicobacter pylori-induced vacuolation of vero cells. Dig. Dis. Sci. 44, 1696-1702.
111. Hawrylik, S.J., Wasilko, D.J., Haskell, S.L., Gootz, T.D., and Lee, S.E. (1994). Bisulfite or sulfite inhibits growth of Helicobacter pylori. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 790-792.
112. Hedblom, M.L., and Adler, J. (1980). Genetic and biochemical properties of Escherichia coli mutants with defects in serine chemotaxis. J. Bacteriol. 144, 1048-1060.
113. Hentges, D.J. (1967). Inhibition of Shigella flexneri by the normal intestinal flora. I. Mechanisms of inhibition by Klebsiella. J. Bacteriol. 93, 1369-1373.
114. Heres, L. (2003). Epidemiological aspects of Salmonella and Campylobacter in broiler chickens: the role of nutritionally induced changes of the gut ecology (Utrecht, The Netherlands: University of Utrecht, PhD thesis).
115. Herrmann, J.A. (2002). Thoughts on bowel treatment in cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221, 1250.
116. Hinton, A., Buhr, R.J., and Ingram, K.D. (2000). Physical, chemical, and microbiological changes in the crop of broiler chickens subjected to incremental feed withdrawal. Poult. Sci. 79, 212-218.
117. Hinton, A., Buhr, R.J., and Ingram, K.D. (2002). Carbohydrate-based cocktails that decrease the population of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the crop of broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal. Poult. Sci. 81, 780-784.
118. Hirmo, S., Kelm, S., Iwersen, M., Hotta, K., Goso, Y., Ishihara, K., Suguri, T., Morita, M., Wadstrom, T., and Schauer, R. (1998). Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori sialic acid-specific haemagglutination by human gastrointestinal mucins and milk glycoproteins. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 20, 275-281.
119. Hofacre, C.L., Froyman, R., Gautrias, B., George, B., Goodwin, M.A., and Brown, J. (1998). Use of Aviguard and other intestinal bioproducts in experimental Clostridium perfringens-associated necrotizing enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 42, 579-584.
120. Hofacre, C.L., Johnson, A.C., Kelly, B.J., and Froyman, R. (2002). Effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture on reduction of colonization of an antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in day-old broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 46, 198-202.
121. Holmgren, J., Svennerholm, A.-M., and Åhrén, C. (1981). Non-immunoglobulin fraction of human milk inhibits bacterial adhesion (hemagglutination) and enterotoxin binding of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 33, 136-141.
122. Holt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T., and Williams, S.T. (1994). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology: Ninth Edition (Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins).
123. Hostetler, K.A., Morrissey, R.B., Tarka, S.M., Apgar, J.L., and Shively, C.A. (1990). Three-generation reproductive study of cocoa powder in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 28, 483-490.
124. Hugdahl, M.B., Beery, J.T., and Doyle, M.P. (1988). Chemotactic behaviour of Campylobacter jejuni. Infect. Immun. 56, 156G-1566.
125. Hume, M.E., Corrier, D.E., Nisbet, D.J., and De Loach, J.R. (1996). Reduction of Salmonella crop and cecal colonization by a characterized competitive exclusion culture in broilers during grow-out. J. Food Prot. 59, 688-693.
126. Iida, K.-I., Mizunoe, Y., Wai, S.N., and Yoshida S.-I. (2001). Type 1 fimbriation and its phase switching in diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8, 489-495.
127. Jacobs-Reitsma, W.F. (1997). Aspects of epidemiology of Campylobacter in poultry. Vet. Q 19, 113-117.
128. Jagger, T., Keane, S., and Robertson, S. (2000). Plesiomonas shigelloides - an uncommon cause of diarrhoea in cats? Vet. Rec. 146, 296.
129. Jalava, K., On, S.L., Harrington, C.S., Andersen, L.P., Hanninen, M.L., and Vandamme, P. (2001). A cultured strain of "Helicobacter heilmannil," a human gastric pathogen, identified as H. bizzozeronii, evidence for zoonotic potential of Helicobacter. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7, 1036-1038.
130. Janda, J.M., and Abbot, S.L. (1993). Expression of haemolytic activity by Plesiomonas shigelloides. J. Clin. Microbial. 31, 1206-1208.
131. Janda, J.M., and Abbott, S.L. (1998). Evolving concepts regarding the genus Aeromonas: an expanding panorama of species, disease presentations and unanswered questions. Clin. Infect. Dis. 27, 332-344.
132. Jansson, D.S., Brojer, C., Gavier-Widen, D., Gunnarsson, A., and Fellstrom, C. (2001). Brachyspira spp. (Serpulina spp.) in birds, a review and results from a study of Swedish game birds. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2, 93-100.
133. Jensen, O.M., and Pærregaard, A. (1991). Inhibition of plasmid-encoded adhesion of Yersinia enterocolitica by non-immunoglobulin fraction of human milk. APMIS 99, 657-660.
134. Jestin, A., Popoff, M.R., and Mahe, S. (1985). Epizootiologic investigations of a diarrheic syndrome in fattening pigs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46, 2149-2151.
135. Jones, G.W., and Freter, R. (1976). Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae, nature of the interactions with isolated rabbit brush border membranes and human erythrocytes. Infect. Immun. 14, 240-245.
136. Kaldhusdal, M., and Hofshagen, M. (1992). Barley inclusion and avoparcin supplementation in broiler diets. 2. Clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings in a mild form of necrotic enteritis. Poult. Sci. 71, 1145-1153.
137. Kaldhusdal, M., and Skjerve, E. (1996). Association between cereal contents in the diet and incidence of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in Norway. Prev. Vet. Med. 28, 11-116.
138. Kanauchi, O., Iwanaga, T., Mitsuyama, K., Saiki, T., Tsuruta, O., Noguchi, K., and Toyonaga, A. (1999). Butyrate from bacterial fermentation of germinated barley foodstuff preserves intestinal barrier function in experimental colitis in the rat model. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 880-888.
139. Karapinar, M., and Gönül, S.A. (1992). Effects of sodium bicarbonate, vinegar, acetic and citric acids on growth and survival of Yersinia enterocolitica. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 16, 343-347.
140. Kennedy, M.J., and Yancey, R.J. (1996). Motility and chemotaxis in Serpulina hyodysenteriae. Vet. Microbiol. 49, 21-30.
141. Kiers, J.L., Nout, M.J.R., Rombouts, F.M., Nabuurs, M.J.A., Van der Meulen, J. (2002). Inhibition of adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by soya bean tempe. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 35, 311-315.
142. Kiiyukia, C., Nakajima, A., Nakai, T., Muroga, K., Kawakami, H., and Hashimoto, H. (1992). Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis) in Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 3078-3082.
143. Kirkwood, R.N., Huang, S.X., McFall, M., and Aherne, F.X. (2000). Dietary factors do not influence the clinical expression of swine dysentery. Swine Health Prod. 8, 73-76.
144. Klaasen, H.L., Molkenboer, M.J., Bakker, J., Miserez, R., Hani, H., Frey, J., Popoff, M.R., and Van den Bosch, J.F. (1999). Detection of the beta2 toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens in diarrhoeic piglets in The Netherlands and Switzerland. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 24, 325-332.
145. Kondoh, H., Ball, C.B., and Adler, J. (1979). Identification of a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein for the ribose and galactose chemoreceptors of E. coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 260-264.
146. Koopman, J.P. (1984). [Resistance to colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.] Kolonisatie resistentie van het maagdarmkanaal. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. 109, 1017-1026.
147. Kranker, S., Dahl, J., and Wingstrand, A., (2001). Bacteriological and serological examination and risk factor analysis of Salmonella occurrence in sow herds, including risk factors for high Salmonella seroprevalence in receiver finishing herds. Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 114, 350-352.
148. Kudva, I.T., Hatfield, P.G., and Hovde, C.J. (1996). Escherichia coli O157:H7 in microbial flora of sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 431-433.
149. Kuroiwa, T., Kobari, K., and Iwanaga, M. (1990). [Inhibition of enteropathogens by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588.] (Article in Japanese) Kansenshogaku Zasshi 64, 257-263.
150. La Ragione, R.M., Narbad, A., Gasson, M.J., and Woodward, M.J. (2004). In vivo characterization of Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 for use as a defined competitive exclusion agent against bacterial pathogens in poultry. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 38, 197-205.
151. Lawson, G.H.K., and Gebhart, C.J. (2000) Proliferative enteropathy. J. Compar. Pathol. 122, 77-100.
152. Lebek, G., and Gruenig, H.M. (1985). Relation between the hemolytic property and iron metabolism in Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 50, 682-686.
153. Line, J.E., Bailey, J.S., Cox, N.A., Stern, N.J., and Tompkins, T. (1998). Effect of yeast-supplemented feed on Salmonella and Campylobacter populations in broilers. Poult. Sci. 77, 405-410.
154. Lissner, R., Schmidt, H., and Karch, H. (1996). A standard immunoglobulin preparation produced from bovine colostra shows antibody reactivity and neutralization activity against Shiga-like toxins and EHEC-hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Infection 24, 378-383.
155. 2+ dependent binding to erythrocytes. Mol. Gen. Genetics 214, 553-561.
156. Mahady, G.B., Matsuura, H., and Pendland, S.L. (2001). Allixin, a phytoalexin from garlic, inhibits the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96, 3454-3455.
157. McCardell, B.A., Madden, J.M., and Stanfield, J.T. (1986). Effect of iron concentration on toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Can. J. Microbiol. 32, 395-401.
158. McOrist, S., Gebhart, C.J., Boid, R. and Barns, S.M. (1995). Characterization of Lawsonia intracellularis gen.nov., sp. nov., the obligately intracellular bacterium of porcine proliferative enteropathy. Int. J. Systematic Bacteriol. 45, 820-825.
159. Methner, U. (2000). [Administration of autochthonous intestinal microflora - a method to prevent Salmonella infections in poultry.] Verabreichung von autochthoner Darmflora - ein Verfahren zur Prophylaxe der Salmonellainfektion beim Geflügel. Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 107, 402-408.
160. Methner, U., Barrow, P.A., Martin, G., and Meyer, H. (1997). Comparative-study of the protective effect against Salmonella colonization in newly-hatched Spf chickens using live, attenuated Salmonella vaccine strains, wild-type Salmonella strains or a competitive-exclusion product. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 35, 223-230.
161. Milner, J.A., and Sellwood, R. (1994). Chemotactic response to mucin by Serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes, potential role in intestinal colonization. Infect. Immun. 62, 4095-4099.
162. Miserez, R., Frey, J., Buogo, C., Capaul, S., Tontis, A.,
163. Mizote, T., Yoshiyama, H., and Nakazawa, T. (1997). Urease-independent chemotactic responses of Helicobacter pylori to urea, urease inhibitors, and sodium bicarbonate. Infect. Immun. 65, 1519-1521.
164. Møller, K, Jensen, T.K., Jorsal, S.E., Lesser, T.D., and Carstensen, B. (1998). Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis, Serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes, Salmonella enterica, and haemolytic Escherichia coli from swine herds with and without diarrhoea among growing pigs. Vet. Microbiol. 62, 59-72.
165. Mossel, D.A.A. (1971). Physiological and metabolic attributes of microbial groups associated with foods. J. Appl. Bact. 34, 95-118.
166. Mroz, Z. (2005). Organic acids as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for pigs. Adv. Pork Prod. 16, 169-182.
167. Nagy, J., and Bilkei, G. (2003). Neonatal piglet losses associated with Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile infection in a Slovakian outdoor production unit. Vet. J. 166, 98-100.
168. Nakamura, A., Ota, Y., Mizukami, A., Ito, T., Ngwai, Y.B., and Adachi, Y. (2002). Evaluation of Aviguard, a commercial competitive exclusion product for efficacy and after-effect on the antibody response of chicks to Salmonella. Poult. Sci. 81, 1653-1660.
169. Natura Internacional. (2005). L-RHAMNOSE, L-ARABINOSE. .
170. Naughton, P.J., Mikkelsen, L.L., and Jensen, B.B. (2001). Effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli in the pig small intestine in vitro. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 3391-3395.
171. Neef, N. (1993). [Non-specific colitis in the growing pigs, A literature review.] La colite non-spécifique du porc en croissance - Revue bibliographique. Rec. Méd. Vét. 169, 675-684.
172. Neubauer, H., Sprague, L.D., Scholz, H., and Hensel, A. (2001). [Yersinia enterocolitica infections: 1. Impact on animal health.] Yersinia enterocolitica-Infektionen: 1. Bedeutung bei Tieren. Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 114, 8-12.
173. Niilo, L. (1980). Clostridium perfringens in animal disease, a review of current knowledge. Can. Vet. J. 21, 141-148.
174. Nikoskelainen, S., Salminen, S., Bylund, G., and Ouwehand, A.C. (2001). Characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 2430-2435.
175. Nisbet, D. (2002). Defined competitive exclusion cultures in the prevention of enteropathogen colonisation in poultry and swine. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 81, 481-486.
176. Nisbet, D.J., Tellez, G.I., Lowry, V.K., Anderson, R.C., Garcia, G., Nava, G., Kogut, M.H., Corrier, D.E., and Stanker, L.H. (1998). Effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture (Preempt) on mortality and horizontal transmission of Salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 42, 651-656.
177. Nuotio, L., Schneitz, C., Halonen, U., and Nurmi, E. (1992). Use of competitive exclusion to protect newly-hatched chicks against intestinal colonisation and invasion by Salmonella enteritidis PT4. Br. Poult. Sci. 33, 775-779.
178. Nurmi, E., and Rantala, M. (1973). New aspects of Salmonella infection in broiler production. Nature 241, 210-211.
179. Ofek, I., Goldhar, J., and Sharon, N. (1996). Anti- Escherichia coli adhesin activity of cranberry and blueberry juices. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 408, 179-183.
180. Ofek, I., Hasty, D.L., and Sharon N. (2003). Anti-adhesion therapy of bacterial diseases: prospects and problems. FEMS Immun. Med. Microbiol. 38, 181-191.
181. Olukoya, D.K. (1986). Nutritional variation in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132, 3231-3234.
182. Orion Pharma. (2005). BROILACT® - Discription. .
183. Oyofo, B.A., De Loach, J.R., Corder, D.E., Norman, J.O., Ziprin, R.L., and Mollenhauer, H.H. (1989a). Prevention of Salmonella typhimurium colonization of broilers with D-mannose. Poult. Sci. 68, 1357-1360.
184. Oyofo, B.A., Droleskey, R.E., Norman, J.O., Mollenhauer, H.H., Ziprin, R.L., Corrier, D.E., and De Loach, J.R. (1989b). Inhibition by mannose of in vitro colonization of chicken small intestine by Salmonella typhimurium. Poult. Sci. 68, 1351-1356.
185. Özbaş, Z.Y., and Aytaç, S.A. (1996). Behaviour of Yersinia enterocolitica and Aeromonas hydrophila in skim milk during fermentation by various lactobacilli. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 202, 324-328.
186. Pærregaard, A., Espersen, F., and Baker, N. (1990). The influence of properties encoded by the Yersinia virulence plasmid on adhesion of Yersinia enterocolitica to ileal brush border membrane vesicles. APMIS 98, 927-932.
187. Paniagua, C., Argüello-Villares, J.L., Arias, M.A., and Herreros, M. (1998). Aeromonas hydrophila associated with a severe outbreak of infection in farmed rabbits. Zentralbl. Hyg. Umweltmed. 201, 423-430.
188. Park, C.E., Stankiewicz, Z.K., Rayman, M.K., and Hauschild, A.H. (1979). Inhibitory effect of cocoa powder on the growth of a variety of bacteria in different media. Can. J. Microbiol. 25, 233-235.
189. Park, C.M., Taormina, P.J., and Beuchat, L.R. (2000). Efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate in killing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 56, 13-20.
190. Pearson, E.G., Hedstrom, O.R., Sonn, R., and Wedam, J. (1986). Hemorrhagic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type C in a foal. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 188, 1309-1310.
191. Perkins, S.E., Fox, J.G., and Walsh, J.H. (1996). Helicobacter mustelae-associated hypergastrinemia in ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo). Am. J. Vet. Res. 57, 147-150.
192. Perry, R.D. (1993). Acquisition and storage of inorganic iron and hemin by the yersiniae. Trends Microbiol. 1, 142-147.
193. Perry, R.D., and Brubaker, R.R. (1979). Accumulation of iron by yersiniae. J. Bacteriol. 137, 1290-1298.
194. Pillien, F., Chalareng, C., Boury, M., Tasca, C., de Rycke, J., and Milon, A. (1996). Role of adhesive factor/rabbit 2 in experimental enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103 diarrhea of weaned rabbit. Vet. Microbiol. 50, 105-115.
195. Pluske, J.R., Durmic, Z., Pethick, D.W., Mullan, B.P., and Hampson, D.J. (1998). Confirmation of the role of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in the expression of swine dysentery in pigs after experimental infection. J. Nutr. 128, 1737-1744.
196. Pluske, J.R., Siba, P.M., Pethick, D.W., Durmic, Z., Mullan, B.P., and Hampson, D.J. (1996). The incidence of swine dysentery in pigs can be reduced by feeding diets that limit the amount of fermentable substrate entering the large intestine. J. Nutr. 126, 2920-2933.
197. Prescott, J.F., and Munroe, D.L. (1982). Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in man and domestic animals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181, 1525-1530.
198. Prohászka, L., and Lukács, K. (1984). Influence of the diet on the antibacterial effect of volatile fatty acids and on the development of swine dysentery. Zentralbl. Veterinärmed. 31, 779-785.
199. Rager, M.N., Binet, M.R., Ionescu, G., and Bouvet, O.M. (2000). 31P-NMR and 13C-NMR studies of mannose metabolism in Plesiomonas shigelloides. Toxic effect of mannose on growth. Eur. J. Biochem. 267, 5136-5141.
200. Ramirez, G.A., Sarlin, L.L., Caldwell, D.J., Yezak, C.R., Hume, M.E. Corrier, D.E., De Loach, J.R., and Hargis, B.M. (1997). Effect of feed withdrawal on the incidence of Salmonella in the crops and ceca of market age broiler chicken. Poult. Sci. 76, 654-656.
201. Rapuntean, G., Marcia, D., Pop, M., Ruduaranu, N., Brudasca, F., and Fodor, I. (1992). Vibrios incrimination (Vibrio cholerae non-O1) in the aetiology of some enteritis in piglets. (Timisoara, Romania: Symposium 'Probleme de Pathologica Animale'), p. 83. (cited from Visser et al., 1999).
202. Rhodes, J.B., Schweitzer, D., and Ogg, J.E. (1985). Isolation of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae asociated with enteric disease of herbivores in western Colorado. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22, 572-575.
203. Riddell, C., and Kong, X.M. (1992). The influence of diet on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 36, 499-503.
204. Rieger, M. (2004). Apple - Malus domestica Borkh. , Pears - Pyrus communis L. (European pear). .
205. Rivier, D.A., and Darekar, M.R. (1975). Inhibitors of the adhesiveness of enteropathogenic E. coli. Experientia 31, 662-664.
206. Ruimy, R., Breittmayer, V., Elbaze, P., Lafay, B., Boussemart, O., Gauthier, M., and Christen, R. (1994). Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the genera Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas deduced from small rRNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 416-426.
207. Russell, J.B., Diez-Gonzalez, F., and Jarvis, G.N. (2000). Potential effect of cattle diets on the transmission of pathogenic Escherichia coli to humans. Microbes Infect. 2, 45-53.
208. Sakurai, J., and Duncan, C.L. (1979). Effect of carbohydrates and control of culture pH on ■-toxin production by Clostridium perfringens type C. Microbiol. Immunol. 23, 313-318.
209. Sanchez, J., and Jonson, G.I. (1990). Binding of bacteria to carbohydrates immobilized on beads to demonstrate the presence of cell-associated hemagglutinins in Vibrio cholerae. APMIS 98, 353-357.
210. Sandhu, K.S., Clarke, R.C., McFadden, K., Brouwer, A., Louie, M., Wilson, J., Lior, H., and Gyles, C.L. (1996). Prevalence of the eaeA gene in verotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains from dairy cattle in Southwest Ontario. Epidemiol. Infect. 116, 1-7.
211. Santos, J.A., Gonzales, C.J., Lopez, T.M., Otero, A., and Garcia, L.M.L. (1999). Hemolytic and elastolytic activities by iron in Plesiomonas shigelloides. J. Food Protect. 62, 1475-1477.
212. Sayeed, S., Sack, D.A., and Qadri, F. (1992). Protection from Shigella sonnei infection by immunisation of rabbits with Plesiomonas shigelloides (SVC 01). J. Med. Microbiol. 37, 382-384.
213. Schiemann, D.A., and Olson, S.A. (1984). Antagonism by gram-negative bacteria to growth of Yersinia enterocolitica in mixed cultures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 539-544.
214. Schneitz, C., and Hakkinen, M. (1998). Comparison of two different types of competitive exclusion products. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 338-341.
215. Schroten, H., Hanisch, F.G., Plogmann, R., Hacker, J., Uhlenbruck, G., Nobis-Bosch, R., and Wahn, V. (1992). Inhibition of adhesion of S-fimbriated Escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells by human milk fat globule membrane components, a novel aspect of the protective function of mucins in the nonimmunoglobulin fraction. Infect. Immun. 60, 2893-2899.
216. Schubert, R.H.W. (1984). Genus IV. Plesiomonas. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, N.R. Krieg, and J.G. Holt, eds. (Baltimore, MD, USA: Williams & Wilkins), vol. 1., pp. 548-550.
217. Shehee, M.W., and Sobsey, M.D. (2004). Development of a L-rhamnose and D-arabitol supplemented MacConkey agar to identify pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica among environmental Yersinias in swine production wastes. J. Microbiol. Meth. 57, 289-292.
218. Shomer, N.H., Dangler, C.A., Marini, R.P., and Fox, J.G. (1998). Helicobacter bilis/Helicobacter rodentium coinfection associated with diarrhea in a colony of scid mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 48, 455-459.
219. Shone, C.C., and Hambleton, P. (1989). Toxigenic clostridia. In Clostridia, N.P. Minton, and D.J. Clarke, eds. (New York and London: Plenum Press), pp. 265-292.
220. Siba, P.M., Pethick, D.W., and Hampson, D.J. (1996). Pigs experimentally infected with Serpulina hyodysenteriae can be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet. Epidemiol. Infect. 116, 207-216.
221. Sidoli, L., and Guarda, F. (1982). [Necrotic enteritis in piglets due to Clostridium perfringens type "C".] Enterite necrotica dei suinetti sostenuta da Clostridium perfringens tipo "C". Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 124, 557-565.
222. Silverman, M., and Simon, M. (1977). Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli, methylation of the che gene products. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3317-3321.
223. Spring, P., Wenk, C., Dawson, K.A., and Newman, K.E. (2000). The effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 79, 205-211.
224. Springer, M.S., Goy, M.F., and Adler, J. (1977). Sensory transduction in Escherichia coli, two complementary pathways of information processing that involve methylated proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 3312-3316.
225. Sprong, R.C., Hulstein, M.F., and Van der Meer, R. (2001). Bactericidal activities of milk lipids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1298-1301.
226. Stanley, J., Linton, D., Burnens, A., Dewhirst, F., Owen, R., Porter, A., On, S., and Costas, M. (1993). Helicobacter canis sp. nov., a new species from dogs, an integrated study of phenotype and genotype. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 2495-2504.
227. Stanley, J., Linton, D., Burnens, A.P., Dewhirst, F.E., On, S.L.W., Porter, A., Owen, R.J., and Costas, M. (1994). Helicobacter pullorum ap. nov. - genotype and phenotype of a new species isolated from poultry and from human patients with gastroenteritis. Microbiology 140, 3441-3449.
228. Stephens, C.P., and Hampson, D.J. (2001). Intestinal spirochete infections of chickens, a review of disease associations, epidemiology and control. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2, 83-91.
229. Stern, N.J. (11992). Reservoirs for Campylobacter jejuni and approaches for intervention in poultry. In Campylobacter jejuni: Current Status and Future Trends, I. Nachamkin, M.J. Blazer, and L.S. Tompkins, eds. (Washington DC, USA: American Society for Microbiology).
230. Stevens, C.E. (1978). Physiological implications of microbial digestion in the large intestine of mammals, relation to dietary factors. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31, 161-168.
231. Straley, S.C., and Perry, R.D. (1995). Environmental modulation of gene expression and pathogenesis in Yersinia. Trends Microbiol. 3, 310-317.
232. 2+ response. Mol. Microbiol. 8, 1005-1010.
233. Suárez, S., Celemin, C., Zduñczyr, E., Medina, E., and Williams, P.H. (1995). Aerobactin production by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of porcine intestine. Vet. Microbiol. 47, 229-233.
234. Svanborg Edén, C., Hull, R., Falkow, S., and Leffler, H. (1983). Target cell specificity of wild-type E. coli and mutants and clones with genetically defined adhesins. Prog. Food Nutr. Sci. 7, 75-89.
235. Švec, A., Kordas, P., Pavlis, Z., and Novotný, J. (2000). High prevalence of Helicobacter heilmannii-associated gastritis in a small, predominantly rural area, further evidence in support of a zoonosis? Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 35, 925-928.
236. Tabak, M., Armon, R., and Neeman, I. (1999). Cinnamon extracts' inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori. J. Ethnopharmacol. 67, 269-277.
237. Tannock, G.W. (2000). The intestinal microflora, potentially fertile ground for microbial physiologists. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 42, 25-46.
238. Tasu, C., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, T., and Adachi, Y. (2004). Brachyspira pilosicoli isolated from pigs in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66, 875-877.
239. Taylor, D.J., Simmons, J.R., and Laird, H.M. (1980). Production of diarrhoea and dysentery in pigs by feeding pure cultures of a spirochaete differing from Treponema hyodysenteriae. Vet. Rec. 106, 326-332.
240. Taylor, N.S., Hasubski, A.T., Fox, J.G., and Lee, A. (1992). Haemagglutination profiles of Helicobacter species that cause gastritis in man and animals. J. Med. Microbiol. 37, 299-303.
241. Tetteh, G.L., and Beuchat, L.R. (2001). Sensitivity of acid-adapted and acid-shocked Shigella flexneri to reduced pH achieved with acetic, lactic, and propionic acids. J. Food Prot. 64, 975-981.
242. Thomson, J.R., Smith, W.J., and Murray, B.P. (1998). Investigations into field cases of porcine colitis with particular reference to infection with Serpulina pilosicoli. Vet. Rec. 142, 235-239.
243. Tigyi, Z., Kishore, A.R., Maeland, J.A., Forsgren, A., and Naidu, A.S. (1992). Lactoferrin-binding proteins in Shigella flexneri. Infect. Immun. 60, 2619-2626.
244. Tindall, B.J., Grimont, P.A.D., Garrity, G.M., and Euzéby, J.P. (2005). Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 521-524.
245. Tiwari, U. (1981). Antagonistic reactions of the moulds from cattle-feeds in relation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, pathogenic to cattle. Mykosen 24, 172-176.
246. Toda, M., Okubo, S., Ikigai, H., Suzuki, T., Suzuki, Y., and Shimamura, T. (1991). The protective activity of tea against infection by Vibrio cholerae O1. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70, 109-112.
247. Trott, D.J., Huxtable, C.R., and Hampson, D.J. (1996a). Experimental infection of newly weaned pigs with human and porcine strains of Serpulina pilosicoli. Infect. Immun. 64, 4648-4654.
248. Trott, D.J., Stanton, T.B., Jensen, N.S., and Hampson, D.J. (1996b). Phenotypic characteristics of Serpulina pilosicoli the agent of intestinal spirochaetosis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 142, 209-214.
249. Truscott, R.B., and Al-Sheikhly, F. (1977). Reproduction and treatment of necrotic enteritis in broilers. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38, 857-861.
250. Tsou, M.F., Hung, C.F., Lu, H.F., Wu, L.T., Chang, S.H., Chang, H.L., Chen, G.W., and Chung, J.G. (2000). Effects of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid on growth and arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in Shigella sonnei (group D). Microbios 101, 37-46.
251. Van Asbeck, B.S., and Verhoef, J. (1983). Iron and host defence. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2, 6-10.
252. Van Damme, L.R., and Vandepitte, J. (1980). Frequent isolation of Edwardsiella tarda and Plesiomonas shigelloides from healthy Zairese freshwater fish, a possible source of sporadic diarrhea in the tropics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39, 475-479.
253. Van den Broek, M.F., Van Bruggen, M.C., Koopman, J.P., Hazenberg, M.P., and Van den Berg, W.B. (1992). Gut flora induces and maintains resistance against streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in F344 rats. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 88, 313-317.
254. Van der Heijden, H.M.J.F., Bakker, J., Elbers, A.R.W., Vos, J.H., Weyns, A., De Smet, M., and McOrist, S. (2004). Prevalence of exposure and infection of Lawsonia intracellularis among slaughter-age pigs. Res. Vet. Sci. 77, 197-202.
255. Van der Meulen, J., Inborr, J., and Bakker, J.G.M. (2000). Soluble saccharide, volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in stomach and ileum of pigs fed wheat bran-based diets with and without enzyme treatment. In Digestive Physiology in Pigs, J.E. Lindberg, and B. Ogel, eds. (Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing).
256. Van der Wielen, P.W., Lipman, L.J., Van Knapen, F., and Biesterveld, S. (2002). Competitive exclusion of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium lactatifermentans in a sequencing fed-batch culture. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 555-559.
257. Van der Wolf, P.J., Bongers, J.H., Elbers, A.R., Franssen, F.M., Hunneman, W.A., Van Exsel, A.C., and Tielen, M.J. (1999). Salmonella infections in finishing pigs in The Netherlands: bacteriological herd prevalence. Vet. Microbiol. 67, 263-275.
258. Vanmaele, R.P., and Armstrong, G.D. (1997). Effect of carbon source on localized adherence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 65, 1408-1413.
259. Varel, V.H., Tanner, R.S., and Woese, C.R. (1995). Clostridium herbivorans sp. nov., a cellulolytic anaerobe from the pig intestine. Int. J. Sys. Bacteriol. 45, 490-494.
260. Vázquez, F., González, E.A., Garabel, J.I., and Blanco, J. (1996). Fimbriae extracts from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of bovine and porcine origin with K99 and/or F41 antigens. Vet. Microbiol. 48, 231-241.
261. Venkatraman, A., Ramakrishna, B.S., and Pulimood, A.B. (1999). Butyrate hastens restoration of barrier function after thermal and detergent injury to rat distal colon in vitro. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 34, 1087-1092.
262. Visser, I.J., Vellema, P., Van Dokkum, H., and Shimada, T. (1999). Isolation of Vibrio cholerae from diseased farm animals and surface water in The Netherlands. Vet. Rec. 144, 451-452.
263. Visser, I.J., Vellema, P., Weitenberg, A.M., and Bik, E.M. (1997). [Severe watery diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae in lambs.] Ernstige waterige diarree door Vibrio cholerae bij lammeren. Tijdschr. Diergeneeskd. 122, 600-603.
264. Waalwijk, C., MacLaren, D.M., and De Graaff, J. (1983). In vivo function of hemolysin in the nephropathogenicity of Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 42, 245-249.
265. Wabeck, C.J. (1972). Feed and water withdrawal time relationship to processing yield and potential fecal contamination of broilers. Poult. Scl. 51, 1119-1121.
266. Wagner, D.D., and Thomas, O.P. (1977). A rye type growth depression of chicks fed pectin. Poultry Sci. 56, 615-619.
267. Waldenström, J., On, S.L.W., Ottvall, R., Hasselquist, D., Harrington, C.S., and Olsen, B. (2003). Avian reservoirs and zoonotic potential of the emerging human pathogen Helicobacter canadensis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 7523-7526.
268. Wang, X., Hirmo, S., Willen, R., and Wadstrom, T. (2001) Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori infection by bovine milk glycoconjugates in a BAlb/cA mouse model. J. Med. Microbiol. 50, 430-435
269. Weese, J.S., Greenwood, S.J., and Staempfli, H.R. (2001). Recurrent diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in 2 dogs. Can. Vet. J. 42, 292-294.
270. Werdeling, F., Amtsberg, G., and Tewes, S. (1991). [The occurrence of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens strains in the feces of dogs and cats.] Zum Vorkommen enterotoxinbildender Ciostridium perfringens-Stämme im Kot von Hunden und Katzen. Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 104, 228-233.
271. Wieler, L.H., Vieler, E., Erpenstein, C., Schlapp, T., Steinrück, H., Bauerfeind, R., Byomi, A., and Baljer, G. (1996). Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains from bovines, Association of adhesion with carriage of eae and other genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2980-2984.
272. Willer, E.daM., Lima R.deL., and Giugliano L.G. (2004). In vitro adhesion and invasion inhibition of Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei clinical strains by human milk proteins. BMC Microbiol. 4, 18.
273. Witters, N.A., and Duhamel, G.E. (1999). Motility-regulated mucin association of Serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis of humans and animals. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 473, 199-205.
274. Wohlgemuth, K., Pierce, R.L., and Kirkbride, C.A. (1972). Bovine abortion associated with Aeromonas hydrophila. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 160, 1001-1002.
275. Yaeger, M., Funk, N., and Hoffman, L. (2002). A survey of agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in Iowa swine including Clostridium difficile and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 14, 281-287.
276. Zafiri, D., Ofek, I., Adar, R., Pocino, M., and Sharon, N. (1989). Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and type P fimbrinated Escherichia coli to eukaryotic cells. Ant. Microbial Agt. Chem. 33, 92-98.
277. Zapatka, F.A., Varney, G.W., and Sinskey, A.J. (1977). Neutralization of the bactericidal effect of cocoa powder on salmonellae by casein. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 42, 21-25.
278. Zhang, P., Carlson, M.P., Schneider, N.R., and Duhamel, G.E. (2001). Minimal prophylactic concentration of dietary zinc compounds in a mouse model of swine dysentery. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2, 67-74.
279. Zhu, X.Y., Zhong, T., Pandya, Y., and Joerger, R.D. (2002). 16S rRNA-based analysis of microbiota from the cecum of broiler chickens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 124-137.
280. Ziemer, C.J., Cotta M.A., and Whitehead T.R. (2004) Application of group specific amplified rDNA restriction analysis to characterize swine fecal and manure storage pit samples. Anaerobe 10, 217-227.