메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 173-202

Molecular and cellular basis of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BLOOD PRESSURE; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CELL HETEROGENEITY; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; LUNG ARTERY PRESSURE; LUNG BLOOD VESSEL; LUNG CIRCULATION; NONHUMAN; PULMONARY ARTERY; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; RESISTANCE BLOOD VESSEL; REVIEW; SMOOTH MUSCLE;

EID: 0036875930     PISSN: 00330620     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/pcad.2002.130041     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (283)

References (293)
  • 1
    • 0001832612 scopus 로고
    • The effect of mechanical forces on cell function: Implications for pulmonary vascular remodeling due to hypertension
    • Bishop JE, Reeves JT,Laurent GJ(eds). London, Portland Press
    • Bishop JE, Butt RP, Low RB: The effect of mechanical forces on cell function: Implications for pulmonary vascular remodeling due to hypertension, in Bishop JE, Reeves JT,Laurent GJ(eds): Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling. London, Portland Press, 1995, pp 213-239
    • (1995) Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling , pp. 213-239
    • Bishop, J.E.1    Butt, R.P.2    Low, R.B.3
  • 3
    • 0021847186 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic hypoxia on structure and reactivity of rat lung microvessels
    • Davies P, Maddalo F, Reid L: Effects of chronic hypoxia on structure and reactivity of rat lung microvessels. J Appl Physiol 58:795-801, 1985
    • (1985) J Appl Physiol , vol.58 , pp. 795-801
    • Davies, P.1    Maddalo, F.2    Reid, L.3
  • 4
    • 0017099110 scopus 로고
    • New findings in pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Hislop A, Reid L: New findings in pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Br J Exp Pathol 57:542-554, 1976
    • (1976) Br J Exp Pathol , vol.57 , pp. 542-554
    • Hislop, A.1    Reid, L.2
  • 5
    • 0018824798 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced structural changes in the media and adventitia of the rat hilar pulmonary artery and their regression
    • Meyrick B, Reid L: Hypoxia-induced structural changes in the media and adventitia of the rat hilar pulmonary artery and their regression. Am J Pathol 100:151-178, 1980
    • (1980) Am J Pathol , vol.100 , pp. 151-178
    • Meyrick, B.1    Reid, L.2
  • 6
    • 0017836440 scopus 로고
    • The effect of continued hypoxia on rat pulmonary arterial circulation
    • Meyrick B, Reid L: The effect of continued hypoxia on rat pulmonary arterial circulation. Lab Invest 38:188, 1978
    • (1978) Lab Invest , vol.38 , pp. 188
    • Meyrick, B.1    Reid, L.2
  • 7
    • 0033113513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • αsmooth muscle actin and microvascular precursor smooth-muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension
    • Jones R, Jacobson M, Steudel W: αSmooth muscle actin and microvascular precursor smooth-muscle cells in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:582-594, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 582-594
    • Jones, R.1    Jacobson, M.2    Steudel, W.3
  • 8
    • 0002850701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary vascular disease
    • London, McGraw-Hill
    • Heath D: Pulmonary vascular disease, in Spencer's Pathology of the Lung. London, McGraw-Hill, 1996, pp 649-693
    • (1996) Spencer's Pathology of the Lung , pp. 649-693
    • Heath, D.1
  • 9
    • 0000110162 scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension. A pathological study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed cases
    • Wagenvoort CA, Wagenvoort N: Primary pulmonary hypertension. A pathological study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed cases. Circulation 42:1163-1184, 1970
    • (1970) Circulation , vol.42 , pp. 1163-1184
    • Wagenvoort, C.A.1    Wagenvoort, N.2
  • 10
    • 0024503051 scopus 로고
    • SC-39026, a serine elastase inhibitor, prevents muscularization of peripheral arteries, suggesting a mechanism of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats
    • Ilkiw R, Todorovich-Hunter L, Maruyama K, et al: SC-39026, a serine elastase inhibitor, prevents muscularization of peripheral arteries, suggesting a mechanism of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Circ Res 64:814-825, 1989
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.64 , pp. 814-825
    • Ilkiw, R.1    Todorovich-Hunter, L.2    Maruyama, K.3
  • 11
    • 0026320578 scopus 로고
    • Chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats and increased elastolytic activity
    • Maruyama K, Ye CL, Woo M, et al: Chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats and increased elastolytic activity. Am J Physiol 261:H1716-H1726, 1991
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.261
    • Maruyama, K.1    Ye, C.L.2    Woo, M.3
  • 12
    • 0033769779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of obstructive intimal lesions and their cellular phenotypes in chronic pulmonary hypertension
    • Yi ES, Kim H, Ahn H, et al: Distribution of obstructive intimal lesions and their cellular phenotypes in chronic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:1577-1586, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 1577-1586
    • Yi, E.S.1    Kim, H.2    Ahn, H.3
  • 13
    • 0026682515 scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β1 is decreased in remodeling hypertensive bovine pulmonary arteries
    • Botney MD, Parks WC, Crouch EC, et al: Transforming growth factor-β1 is decreased in remodeling hypertensive bovine pulmonary arteries. J Clin Invest 89:1629-1635, 1992
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.89 , pp. 1629-1635
    • Botney, M.D.1    Parks, W.C.2    Crouch, E.C.3
  • 14
    • 0033047617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hemodynamics in pulmonary vascular remodeling
    • Botney MD: Role of hemodynamics in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:361-364, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 361-364
    • Botney, M.D.1
  • 15
    • 0030828893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hemodynamics modify the rat pulmonary artery response to injury. A neointimal model of pulmonary hypertension
    • Okada K, Tanaka Y, Bernstein M, et al: Pulmonary hemodynamics modify the rat pulmonary artery response to injury. A neointimal model of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol 151:1019-1025, 1997
    • (1997) Am J Pathol , vol.151 , pp. 1019-1025
    • Okada, K.1    Tanaka, Y.2    Bernstein, M.3
  • 16
    • 0012818617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered growth responses of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and neointimal cells from patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Morrell NW, Yang X, Upton PD, et al: Altered growth responses of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle and neointimal cells from patients with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:696, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 696
    • Morrell, N.W.1    Yang, X.2    Upton, P.D.3
  • 17
    • 0029784055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adventitial myofibroblasts contribute to neointimal formation in injured porcine coronary arteries
    • Shi Y, O'Brien JE, Fard A, et al: Adventitial myofibroblasts contribute to neointimal formation in injured porcine coronary arteries. Circulation 94:1655-1664, 1996
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , pp. 1655-1664
    • Shi, Y.1    O'Brien, J.E.2    Fard, A.3
  • 18
    • 0029934015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a potential role for the adventitia in vascular lesion formation after balloon overstretch injury of porcine coronary arteries
    • Scott NA, Cipolla GD, Ross CE, et al: Identification of a potential role for the adventitia in vascular lesion formation after balloon overstretch injury of porcine coronary arteries. Circulation 93:2178-2187, 1996
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 2178-2187
    • Scott, N.A.1    Cipolla, G.D.2    Ross, C.E.3
  • 19
    • 0034724268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct in vivo evidence demonstrating neointimal migration of adventitial fibroblasts after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries
    • Li G, Chen SJ, Oparil S, et al: Direct in vivo evidence demonstrating neointimal migration of adventitial fibroblasts after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries. Circulation 101:1362-1365, 2000
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 1362-1365
    • Li, G.1    Chen, S.J.2    Oparil, S.3
  • 20
    • 0037046175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with reduced pulmonary vascular expression of type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor
    • Atkinson C, Stewart S, Upton PD, et al: Primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with reduced pulmonary vascular expression of type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor. Circulation 105:1672-1678, 2002
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1672-1678
    • Atkinson, C.1    Stewart, S.2    Upton, P.D.3
  • 21
    • 0033912022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors correlates closely with formation of the plexiform lesion in human pulmonary hypertension
    • Hirose S, Hosoda Y, Furuya S, et al: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors correlates closely with formation of the plexiform lesion in human pulmonary hypertension. Pathol Int 50:472-479, 2000
    • (2000) Pathol Int , vol.50 , pp. 472-479
    • Hirose, S.1    Hosoda, Y.2    Furuya, S.3
  • 22
    • 0034772039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of angiogenesis-related molecules in plexiform lesions in severe pulmonary hypertension: Evidence for a process of disordered angiogenesis
    • Tuder RM, Chacon M, Alger L, et al: Expression of angiogenesis-related molecules in plexiform lesions in severe pulmonary hypertension: Evidence for a process of disordered angiogenesis. J Pathol 195:367-374, 2001
    • (2001) J Pathol , vol.195 , pp. 367-374
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Chacon, M.2    Alger, L.3
  • 23
    • 0032777126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary arteries in plexiform pulmonary hypertension using cell-specific markers
    • Cool CD, Stewart JS, Werahera P, et al: Three-dimensional reconstruction of pulmonary arteries in plexiform pulmonary hypertension using cell-specific markers. Am J Pathol 155:411-419, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Pathol , vol.155 , pp. 411-419
    • Cool, C.D.1    Stewart, J.S.2    Werahera, P.3
  • 24
    • 0032031727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal endothelial cell proliferation is present in primary but not secondary pulmonary hypertension
    • Lee SD, Shroyer KR, Markham NE, et al: Monoclonal endothelial cell proliferation is present in primary but not secondary pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 101:927-934, 1998
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 927-934
    • Lee, S.D.1    Shroyer, K.R.2    Markham, N.E.3
  • 25
    • 0002395223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension: From physiology to molecular mechanisms
    • Rubin LJ, Rich S (eds). New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Voelkel NF, Tuder RM, Weir EK: Pathophysiology of primary pulmonary hypertension: From physiology to molecular mechanisms, in Rubin LJ, Rich S (eds): Primary pulmonary hypertension. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1997, pp 83-129
    • (1997) Primary Pulmonary Hypertension , pp. 83-129
    • Voelkel, N.F.1    Tuder, R.M.2    Weir, E.K.3
  • 26
    • 0018333675 scopus 로고
    • 3H-thymidine by cells of the rat pulmonary arteries and alveolar wall
    • 3H-thymidine by cells of the rat pulmonary arteries and alveolar wall. Am J Pathol 96:51-70, 1979
    • (1979) Am J Pathol , vol.96 , pp. 51-70
    • Meyrick, B.1    Reid, L.2
  • 27
    • 0031657162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung endothelial cell proliferation in normal and pulmonary hypertensive neonatal calves
    • Stiebellehner L, Belknap JK, Ensley B, et al: Lung endothelial cell proliferation in normal and pulmonary hypertensive neonatal calves. Am J Physiol 275:L593-L600, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Stiebellehner, L.1    Belknap, J.K.2    Ensley, B.3
  • 28
    • 0021351634 scopus 로고
    • Autoradiographic analysis of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in the pulmonary trunk of rats during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • McKenzie JC, Clancy J, Klein RM: Autoradiographic analysis of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in the pulmonary trunk of rats during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Blood Vessels 21:80-89, 1984
    • (1984) Blood Vessels , vol.21 , pp. 80-89
    • McKenzie, J.C.1    Clancy, J.2    Klein, R.M.3
  • 29
    • 0018875501 scopus 로고
    • Endothelial and subintimal changes in rat hilar pulmonary artery during recovery from hypoxia. A quantitative ultrastructural study
    • Meyrick B, Reid L: Endothelial and subintimal changes in rat hilar pulmonary artery during recovery from hypoxia. A quantitative ultrastructural study. Lab Invest 42:603-615, 1980
    • (1980) Lab Invest , vol.42 , pp. 603-615
    • Meyrick, B.1    Reid, L.2
  • 30
    • 0029789551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal alterations in basement membrane components in the pulmonary vasculature of the chronically hypoxic rat: Impact of hypoxia and recovery
    • Vyas-Somani AC, Aziz S, Arcot SA, et al: Temporal alterations in basement membrane components in the pulmonary vasculature of the chronically hypoxic rat: Impact of hypoxia and recovery. Am J Med Sci 312:54-67, 1996
    • (1996) Am J Med Sci , vol.312 , pp. 54-67
    • Vyas-Somani, A.C.1    Aziz, S.2    Arcot, S.A.3
  • 31
    • 0035941053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow-induced pressure differentially regulates endothelin-1, urotensin II, adrenomedullin, and relaxin in pulmonary vascular endothelium
    • Dschietzig T, Richter C, Bartsch C, et al: Flow-induced pressure differentially regulates endothelin-1, urotensin II, adrenomedullin, and relaxin in pulmonary vascular endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289:245-251, 2001
    • (2001) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.289 , pp. 245-251
    • Dschietzig, T.1    Richter, C.2    Bartsch, C.3
  • 32
    • 0031798967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • eNOS expression is not altered in pulmonary vascular remodelling due to increased pulmonary blood flow
    • Everett AD, LeCras TD, Xue C, et al: eNOS expression is not altered in pulmonary vascular remodelling due to increased pulmonary blood flow. Am J Physiol 274:L1058-L1065, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.274
    • Everett, A.D.1    LeCras, T.D.2    Xue, C.3
  • 33
    • 0034834895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cellular responses to altered shear stress
    • Fisher AB, Chien S, Barakat AI, et al: Endothelial cellular responses to altered shear stress. Am J Physiol 281:L529-L533, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.281
    • Fisher, A.B.1    Chien, S.2    Barakat, A.I.3
  • 34
    • 0022853501 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary artery endothelial abnormalities in patients with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension. A correlation of light with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy
    • Rabinovitch M, Bothwell T, Hayakawa BN, et al: Pulmonary artery endothelial abnormalities in patients with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension. A correlation of light with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Lab Invest 55:632-653, 1986
    • (1986) Lab Invest , vol.55 , pp. 632-653
    • Rabinovitch, M.1    Bothwell, T.2    Hayakawa, B.N.3
  • 35
    • 0023867659 scopus 로고
    • Altered elastin and collagen synthesis associated with progressive pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline. A biochemical and ultrastructural study
    • Todorovich-Hunter L, Johnson DJ, Ranger P, et al: Altered elastin and collagen synthesis associated with progressive pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline. A biochemical and ultrastructural study. Lab Invest 58:184-195, 1988
    • (1988) Lab Invest , vol.58 , pp. 184-195
    • Todorovich-Hunter, L.1    Johnson, D.J.2    Ranger, P.3
  • 36
    • 0031978680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered hemostasis in pulmonary hypertension
    • Hassell KL. Altered hemostasis in pulmonary hypertension. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 9:107-117, 1998
    • (1998) Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis , vol.9 , pp. 107-117
    • Hassell, K.L.1
  • 37
    • 0030813510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Frank H, Mlczoch J, Huber K, et al: The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chest 112:714-721, 1997
    • (1997) Chest , vol.112 , pp. 714-721
    • Frank, H.1    Mlczoch, J.2    Huber, K.3
  • 38
    • 0026059777 scopus 로고
    • Thrombin-mediated release of lipids from pulmonary artery endothelial cells promotes neutrophil adherence
    • Fisher MA, Del Vecchio PJ, Palace GP, et al: Thrombin-mediated release of lipids from pulmonary artery endothelial cells promotes neutrophil adherence. Circ Res 68:930-939, 1991
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 930-939
    • Fisher, M.A.1    Del Vecchio, P.J.2    Palace, G.P.3
  • 39
    • 0035976915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombin differentiates normal lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype via the proteolytically activated receptor-1 and a protein kinase C-dependent pathway
    • Bogatkevich GS, Tourkina E, Silver RM, et al: Thrombin differentiates normal lung fibroblasts to a myofibroblast phenotype via the proteolytically activated receptor-1 and a protein kinase C-dependent pathway. J Biol Chem 276:45184-45192, 2001
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 45184-45192
    • Bogatkevich, G.S.1    Tourkina, E.2    Silver, R.M.3
  • 40
    • 0034795622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct thrombin inhibition reduces lung collagen, accumulation, and connective tissue growth factor mRNA levels in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
    • Howell DC, Goldsack NR, Marshall RP, et al: Direct thrombin inhibition reduces lung collagen, accumulation, and connective tissue growth factor mRNA levels in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 159:1383-1395, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Pathol , vol.159 , pp. 1383-1395
    • Howell, D.C.1    Goldsack, N.R.2    Marshall, R.P.3
  • 41
    • 0023863329 scopus 로고
    • Thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to cultured endothelial monolayers: Increased endothelial adhesiveness
    • Bizios R, Lai LC, Cooper JA, et al: Thrombin-induced adherence of neutrophils to cultured endothelial monolayers: Increased endothelial adhesiveness. J Cell Physiol 134:275-280, 1988
    • (1988) J Cell Physiol , vol.134 , pp. 275-280
    • Bizios, R.1    Lai, L.C.2    Cooper, J.A.3
  • 42
    • 0029316641 scopus 로고
    • Partially degraded fibrin(ogen) stimulates fibroblast proliferation in vitro
    • Gray AJ, Bishop JE, Reeves JT, et al: Partially degraded fibrin(ogen) stimulates fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 12:684-690, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.12 , pp. 684-690
    • Gray, A.J.1    Bishop, J.E.2    Reeves, J.T.3
  • 43
    • 0030447832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coagulation and fibrinolytic profiles in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension
    • Welsh CH, Hassell KL, Badesch DB, et al: Coagulation and fibrinolytic profiles in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Chest 110:710-717, 1996
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , pp. 710-717
    • Welsh, C.H.1    Hassell, K.L.2    Badesch, D.B.3
  • 44
    • 0032535203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical factors affecting hemostasis and thrombosis
    • Turitto VT, Hall CL: Mechanical factors affecting hemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Res 92:S25-S31, 1998
    • (1998) Thromb Res , vol.92
    • Turitto, V.T.1    Hall, C.L.2
  • 45
    • 0024851550 scopus 로고
    • Regional heterogeneity of elastin and collagen gene expression in intralobar arteries in response to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension as demonstrated by in situ hybridization
    • Prosser IW, Stenmark KR, Suthar M, et al: Regional heterogeneity of elastin and collagen gene expression in intralobar arteries in response to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol 135:1073-1088, 1989
    • (1989) Am J Pathol , vol.135 , pp. 1073-1088
    • Prosser, I.W.1    Stenmark, K.R.2    Suthar, M.3
  • 46
    • 0030270961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pericytes in the microvasculature
    • Hirschi KK, D'Amore PA: Pericytes in the microvasculature. Cardiovasc Res 32:687-698, 1996
    • (1996) Cardiovasc Res , vol.32 , pp. 687-698
    • Hirschi, K.K.1    D'Amore, P.A.2
  • 47
    • 0028025190 scopus 로고
    • Multiple phenotypically distinct smooth muscle cell populations exist in the adult and developing bovine pulmonary arterial media in vivo
    • Frid MG, Moiseeva EP, Stenmark KR: Multiple phenotypically distinct smooth muscle cell populations exist in the adult and developing bovine pulmonary arterial media in vivo. Circ Res 75:669-681, 1994
    • (1994) Circ Res , vol.75 , pp. 669-681
    • Frid, M.G.1    Moiseeva, E.P.2    Stenmark, K.R.3
  • 48
    • 0030731797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle cells isolated from discrete compartments of the mature vascular media exhibit unique phenotypes and distinct growth capabilities
    • Frid MG, Aldashev AA, Dempsey EC, et al: Smooth muscle cells isolated from discrete compartments of the mature vascular media exhibit unique phenotypes and distinct growth capabilities. Circ Res 81:940-952, 1997
    • (1997) Circ Res , vol.81 , pp. 940-952
    • Frid, M.G.1    Aldashev, A.A.2    Dempsey, E.C.3
  • 49
    • 0030882437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity in the proliferative response of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to mitogens and hypoxia: Importance of protein kinase C
    • Dempsey EC, Frid MG, Aldashev AA, et al: Heterogeneity in the proliferative response of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to mitogens and hypoxia: Importance of protein kinase C. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 75:936-944, 1997
    • (1997) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 936-944
    • Dempsey, E.C.1    Frid, M.G.2    Aldashev, A.A.3
  • 51
    • 0034807935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential adrenomedullin release and endothelin receptor expression in distinct subpopulations of human airway smooth-muscle cells
    • Upton PD, Wharton J, Davie N, et al: Differential adrenomedullin release and endothelin receptor expression in distinct subpopulations of human airway smooth-muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 25:316-25, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.25 , pp. 316-325
    • Upton, P.D.1    Wharton, J.2    Davie, N.3
  • 53
    • 0034687605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin analogues differentially inhibit growth of distal and proximal human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Wharton J, Davie N, Upton PD, et al: Prostacyclin analogues differentially inhibit growth of distal and proximal human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circulation 102:3130, 2000
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 3130
    • Wharton, J.1    Davie, N.2    Upton, P.D.3
  • 54
    • 0022855639 scopus 로고
    • Collagen and elastin gene expression in the hypertensive pulmonary artery of the rat
    • Riley DJ, Poiani GJ, Tozzi CA, et al: Collagen and elastin gene expression in the hypertensive pulmonary artery of the rat. Trans Assoc Am Phys 99:180-188, 1986
    • (1986) Trans Assoc Am Phys , vol.99 , pp. 180-188
    • Riley, D.J.1    Poiani, G.J.2    Tozzi, C.A.3
  • 55
    • 0023663603 scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle mediated-connective tissue remodelling in pulmonary hypertension
    • Mecham RP, Whitehouse LA, Wrenn DS, et al: Smooth muscle mediated-connective tissue remodelling in pulmonary hypertension. Science 237:423-426, 1987
    • (1987) Science , vol.237 , pp. 423-426
    • Mecham, R.P.1    Whitehouse, L.A.2    Wrenn, D.S.3
  • 56
    • 0028231184 scopus 로고
    • Excess collagen in hypertensive pulmonary arteries decreases vascular distensibility
    • Tozzi CA, Christiansen DL, Poiani GJ, et al: Excess collagen in hypertensive pulmonary arteries decreases vascular distensibility. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:1317-1326, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 1317-1326
    • Tozzi, C.A.1    Christiansen, D.L.2    Poiani, G.J.3
  • 57
    • 0030934358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling
    • Stenmark KR, Mecham RP: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Annu Rev Physiol 59:89-144, 1997
    • (1997) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.59 , pp. 89-144
    • Stenmark, K.R.1    Mecham, R.P.2
  • 58
    • 0034111839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adventitial fibroblasts. Defining a role in vessel wall remodeling
    • Straus BH, Rabinovitch M: Adventitial fibroblasts. Defining a role in vessel wall remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:1-3, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 1-3
    • Straus, B.H.1    Rabinovitch, M.2
  • 59
    • 0028852955 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary artery adventitial changes and venous involvement in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Chazova I, Loyd JE, Zhdanov VS, et al: Pulmonary artery adventitial changes and venous involvement in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol 146:389-397, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Pathol , vol.146 , pp. 389-397
    • Chazova, I.1    Loyd, J.E.2    Zhdanov, V.S.3
  • 60
    • 0023203985 scopus 로고
    • Severe pulmonary hypertension and arterial adventitial changes in newborn calves at 4,300m
    • Stenmark KR, Fasules J, Hyde DM, et al: Severe pulmonary hypertension and arterial adventitial changes in newborn calves at 4,300m. J Appl Physiol 62:821-830, 1987
    • (1987) J Appl Physiol , vol.62 , pp. 821-830
    • Stenmark, K.R.1    Fasules, J.2    Hyde, D.M.3
  • 61
    • 0028824284 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced growth of fetal and neonatal pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts is dependent on protein kinase C
    • Das M, Stenmark KR, Dempsey EC: Enhanced growth of fetal and neonatal pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts is dependent on protein kinase C. Am J Physiol 269:L660-L667, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.269
    • Das, M.1    Stenmark, K.R.2    Dempsey, E.C.3
  • 62
    • 0031417547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selected isozymes of PKC contribute to augmented growth of fetal and neonatal bovine PA adventitial fibroblasts
    • Das M, Stenmark KR, Ruff LJ, et al: Selected isozymes of PKC contribute to augmented growth of fetal and neonatal bovine PA adventitial fibroblasts. Am J Physiol 273:L1276-L1284, 1997
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Das, M.1    Stenmark, K.R.2    Ruff, L.J.3
  • 63
    • 0036084169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective expansion of fibroblast subpopulations from pulmonary artery adventitia in response to hypoxia
    • Das M, Dempsey EC, Reeves JT, et al: Selective expansion of fibroblast subpopulations from pulmonary artery adventitia in response to hypoxia. Am J Physiol 282:L976-986, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Physiol , vol.282
    • Das, M.1    Dempsey, E.C.2    Reeves, J.T.3
  • 64
    • 0035844211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced proliferative response of vascular adventitial fibroblasts is dependent on G protein-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases
    • Das M, Bouchey DM, Moore MJ, et al: Hypoxia-induced proliferative response of vascular adventitial fibroblasts is dependent on G protein-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem 276:15631-15640, 2001
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 15631-15640
    • Das, M.1    Bouchey, D.M.2    Moore, M.J.3
  • 65
    • 0034117180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hypoxia induces exaggerated growth responses in pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts
    • Das M, Dempsey EC, Bouchey D, et al: Chronic hypoxia induces exaggerated growth responses in pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:15-25, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 15-25
    • Das, M.1    Dempsey, E.C.2    Bouchey, D.3
  • 66
    • 0026338761 scopus 로고
    • Lung mast cells in plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy
    • Heath D, Yacoub M: Lung mast cells in plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. J Clin Pathol 44:1003-1006, 1991
    • (1991) J Clin Pathol , vol.44 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Heath, D.1    Yacoub, M.2
  • 67
    • 0025329710 scopus 로고
    • The histopathology of 36 cases of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy
    • Caslin AW, Heath D, Madden B, et al: The histopathology of 36 cases of plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. Histopathology 16:9-19, 1990
    • (1990) Histopathology , vol.16 , pp. 9-19
    • Caslin, A.W.1    Heath, D.2    Madden, B.3
  • 68
    • 0028282859 scopus 로고
    • Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension
    • Tuder RM, Groves B, Badesch DB, et al: Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol 144:275-285, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Pathol , vol.144 , pp. 275-285
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Groves, B.2    Badesch, D.B.3
  • 69
    • 0032126807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary hypertension and inflammation
    • Tuder RM, Voelkel NF: Pulmonary hypertension and inflammation. J Lab Clin Med 132:16-24, 1998
    • (1998) J Lab Clin Med , vol.132 , pp. 16-24
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Voelkel, N.F.2
  • 70
    • 0031805916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alleviation of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by antibodies to monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monoctye chemoattractant protein-1
    • Kimura H, Kasahara Y, Kurosu K, et al: Alleviation of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by antibodies to monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monoctye chemoattractant protein-1. Lab Invest 78:571-581, 1998
    • (1998) Lab Invest , vol.78 , pp. 571-581
    • Kimura, H.1    Kasahara, Y.2    Kurosu, K.3
  • 72
    • 0037092565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CX3C chemokine fractalkine in pulmonary arterial hypertension
    • Balabanian K, Foussat A, Dorfmuller P, et al: CX3C chemokine fractalkine in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1419-1425, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 1419-1425
    • Balabanian, K.1    Foussat, A.2    Dorfmuller, P.3
  • 73
    • 0032963919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory reaction in pulmonary muscular arteries of patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Peinado VI, Barbera JA, Abate P, et al: Inflammatory reaction in pulmonary muscular arteries of patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1605-1611, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1605-1611
    • Peinado, V.I.1    Barbera, J.A.2    Abate, P.3
  • 74
    • 0002511367 scopus 로고
    • Functional basis for the structure of the pulmonary arterial tree
    • Bishop JE, Reeves JT, Laurent GJ (eds). London. Portland Press
    • Reeves JT, Bishop JE, Laurent GJ: Functional basis for the structure of the pulmonary arterial tree, in Bishop JE, Reeves JT, Laurent GJ (eds): Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling. London, Portland Press, 1995, pp 1-19
    • (1995) Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling , pp. 1-19
    • Reeves, J.T.1    Bishop, J.E.2    Laurent, G.J.3
  • 75
    • 0024414987 scopus 로고
    • Pressure-induced connective tissue synthesis in pulmonary artery segments is dependent on intact endothelium
    • Tozzi CA, Poiani GJ, Harangozo AM, et al: Pressure-induced connective tissue synthesis in pulmonary artery segments is dependent on intact endothelium. J Clin Invest 84:1005-1012, 1989
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1005-1012
    • Tozzi, C.A.1    Poiani, G.J.2    Harangozo, A.M.3
  • 76
    • 0032140459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocrotaline pyrrole induces apoptosis in pulmonary artery endothelial cells
    • Thomas HC, Lame MW, Dunston SK, et al: Monocrotaline pyrrole induces apoptosis in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 151:236-244, 1998
    • (1998) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.151 , pp. 236-244
    • Thomas, H.C.1    Lame, M.W.2    Dunston, S.K.3
  • 77
    • 0035910729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability of endothelial cell growth and apoptosis genes within plexiform lesions in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Yeager ME, Halley GR, Golpon HA, et al: Microsatellite instability of endothelial cell growth and apoptosis genes within plexiform lesions in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 88:e2-e11, 2001
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88
    • Yeager, M.E.1    Halley, G.R.2    Golpon, H.A.3
  • 78
    • 0033694966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of proteolysis and apoptosis in regression of pulmonary vascular remodelling
    • Riley DJ, Thakker-Varia S, Wilson FJ, et al: Role of proteolysis and apoptosis in regression of pulmonary vascular remodelling. Physiol Res 49:577-585, 2000
    • (2000) Physiol Res , vol.49 , pp. 577-585
    • Riley, D.J.1    Thakker-Varia, S.2    Wilson, F.J.3
  • 79
    • 0034126770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete reversal of fatal pulmonary hypertension in rats by a serine elastase inhibitor
    • Cowan KN, Heilbut A, Humpl T, et al: Complete reversal of fatal pulmonary hypertension in rats by a serine elastase inhibitor. Nat Med 6:698-702, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 698-702
    • Cowan, K.N.1    Heilbut, A.2    Humpl, T.3
  • 80
    • 0034654497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling TGF-β signaling
    • Massague J, Chen Y-G: Controlling TGF-β signaling. Genes Dev 14:627-644, 2000
    • (2000) Genes Dev , vol.14 , pp. 627-644
    • Massague, J.1    Chen, Y.-G.2
  • 81
    • 0034644472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFβ signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders
    • Massagué J, Blain SW, Lo RS: TGFβ signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. Cell 103:295-309, 2000
    • (2000) Cell , vol.103 , pp. 295-309
    • Massagué, J.1    Blain, S.W.2    Lo, R.S.3
  • 82
    • 0033817459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterozygous germ-line mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-β receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension
    • The International PPH Consortium, Lane KB, Machado RD, et al: Heterozygous germ-line mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-β receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. Nat Genet 26:81-84, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 81-84
    • Lane, K.B.1    Machado, R.D.2
  • 83
    • 0033838125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene
    • Deng Z, Morse JH, Slager SL, et al: Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II gene. Am J Hum Genet 67:737-744, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.67 , pp. 737-744
    • Deng, Z.1    Morse, J.H.2    Slager, S.L.3
  • 84
    • 0033623296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-β family
    • Thomson JR, Machado RD, Pauclulo MW, et al: Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-β family. J Med Genet 37:741-745, 2000
    • (2000) J Med Genet , vol.37 , pp. 741-745
    • Thomson, J.R.1    Machado, R.D.2    Pauclulo, M.W.3
  • 85
    • 0035797556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
    • Trembath RC, Thomson JR, Machado RD, et al: Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N Engl J Med 345:325-334, 2001
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 325-334
    • Trembath, R.C.1    Thomson, J.R.2    Machado, R.D.3
  • 86
    • 0029117276 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins
    • Rosenzweig BL, Imamura T, Okadome T, et al: Cloning and characterization of a human type II receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7632-7636, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 7632-7636
    • Rosenzweig, B.L.1    Imamura, T.2    Okadome, T.3
  • 88
    • 0033564526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-β family signal transduction in Drosophila development: From Mad to Smads
    • Raftery LA, Sutherland DJ: TGF-β family signal transduction in Drosophila development: From Mad to Smads. Dev Biol 210:251-268, 1999
    • (1999) Dev Biol , vol.210 , pp. 251-268
    • Raftery, L.A.1    Sutherland, D.J.2
  • 89
    • 4243698239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossing Smads
    • Wrana JL: Crossing Smads. Science's STKE 23:1-9, 2000
    • (2000) Science's STKE , vol.23 , pp. 1-9
    • Wrana, J.L.1
  • 90
    • 0034680863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role of Smads and AP-1 complex in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent apoptosis
    • Yamamura Y, Hua X, Bergelson S, et al: Critical role of Smads and AP-1 complex in transforming growth factor-beta-dependent apoptosis. J Biol Chem 275:36295-36302, 2000
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 36295-36302
    • Yamamura, Y.1    Hua, X.2    Bergelson, S.3
  • 91
    • 0033619255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silencing of TGF-β signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI
    • Onichtchouk D, Chen Y-G, Dosch R, et al: Silencing of TGF-β signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI. Nature 401:480-485, 1999
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 480-485
    • Onichtchouk, D.1    Chen, Y.-G.2    Dosch, R.3
  • 92
    • 0032547272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA by TGF-β family members
    • Afrakhte M, Moren A, Jossan S, et al: Induction of inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA by TGF-β family members. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249:505-511, 2000
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.249 , pp. 505-511
    • Afrakhte, M.1    Moren, A.2    Jossan, S.3
  • 93
    • 0012880840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of gene expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by bone morphogenetic protein-4
    • Long L, Scott L, Stephens R, et al: Induction of gene expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by bone morphogenetic protein-4. Thorax 56:103, 2001
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 103
    • Long, L.1    Scott, L.2    Stephens, R.3
  • 94
    • 0035422199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling through negative regulation of inhibitory Smads
    • Itoh F, Asao H, Sugamura K, et al: Promoting bone morphogenetic protein signaling through negative regulation of inhibitory Smads. EMBO J 20:4132-4142, 2001
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 4132-4142
    • Itoh, F.1    Asao, H.2    Sugamura, K.3
  • 95
    • 0037085287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mode of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor oligomerization determines different BMP-2 signaling pathways
    • Nohe A, Hassel S, Ehrlich M, et al: The mode of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor oligomerization determines different BMP-2 signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 277:5330-5338, 2002
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 5330-5338
    • Nohe, A.1    Hassel, S.2    Ehrlich, M.3
  • 96
    • 0037096836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional analysis of bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor mutations underlying primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rudarakanchana N, Flanagan JA, Chen H, et al: Functional analysis of bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor mutations underlying primary pulmonary hypertension. Hum Mol Genetics 11:1517-1525, 2002
    • (2002) Hum Mol Genetics , vol.11 , pp. 1517-1525
    • Rudarakanchana, N.1    Flanagan, J.A.2    Chen, H.3
  • 97
    • 0034193390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMP type II receptor is required for gastrulation and early development of mouse embryos
    • Beppu H, Kawabata M, Hamamoto T, et al: BMP type II receptor is required for gastrulation and early development of mouse embryos. Dev Biol 221:249-258, 2000
    • (2000) Dev Biol , vol.221 , pp. 249-258
    • Beppu, H.1    Kawabata, M.2    Hamamoto, T.3
  • 98
    • 0032960886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking smad 5
    • Yang X, Castilla LH, Xin X, et al: Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking smad5. Development 126:1571-1580, 1999
    • (1999) Development , vol.126 , pp. 1571-1580
    • Yang, X.1    Castilla, L.H.2    Xin, X.3
  • 99
    • 13144262796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia
    • Schulick AH, Taylor AJ, Zuo W, et al: Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in arterial endothelium causes hyperplasia, apoptosis, and cartilaginous metaplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:6983-6988, 1998
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 6983-6988
    • Schulick, A.H.1    Taylor, A.J.2    Zuo, W.3
  • 100
    • 0029897371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative neural crest fates are instructively promoted by TGF-β superfamily members
    • Shah NM, Groves AK, Anderson DJ: Alternative neural crest fates are instructively promoted by TGF-β superfamily members. Cell 85:331-343, 1996
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 331-343
    • Shah, N.M.1    Groves, A.K.2    Anderson, D.J.3
  • 101
    • 0033622125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-βs and TGF-β receptors in atherosclerosis
    • McCaffrey TA: TGF-βs and TGF-β receptors in atherosclerosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 11:103-114, 2000
    • (2000) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev , vol.11 , pp. 103-114
    • McCaffrey, T.A.1
  • 102
    • 0034074899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (OP-1) inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates the expression of markers that are characteristic of SMC phenotype in vitro
    • Dorai H, Vukicevic S, Sampath TK: Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (OP-1) inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and stimulates the expression of markers that are characteristic of SMC phenotype in vitro. J Cell Physiol 184:37-45, 2000
    • (2000) J Cell Physiol , vol.184 , pp. 37-45
    • Dorai, H.1    Vukicevic, S.2    Sampath, T.K.3
  • 103
    • 0034778362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Rudarakanchana N, Trembath RC, Morrell NW: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 56:888-890, 2001
    • (2001) Thorax , vol.56 , pp. 888-890
    • Rudarakanchana, N.1    Trembath, R.C.2    Morrell, N.W.3
  • 104
    • 0035163071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMPR2 haploinsufficiency as the inherited molecular mechanism for primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Machado RD, Pauciulo MW, Thomson JR, et al: BMPR2 haploinsufficiency as the inherited molecular mechanism for primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Hum Genet 68:92-102, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Hum Genet , vol.68 , pp. 92-102
    • Machado, R.D.1    Pauciulo, M.W.2    Thomson, J.R.3
  • 105
    • 0035970577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Geraci MW, Moore M, Gesell T, et al: Gene expression patterns in the lungs of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 88:555-562, 2001
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 555-562
    • Geraci, M.W.1    Moore, M.2    Gesell, T.3
  • 106
    • 0028308114 scopus 로고
    • Vascular remodelling in primary pulmonary hypertension. Potential role for transforming growth factor-β
    • Botney MD, Bahadori L, Gold LI: Vascular remodelling in primary pulmonary hypertension. Potential role for transforming growth factor-β. Am J Pathol 144:286-295, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Pathol , vol.144 , pp. 286-295
    • Botney, M.D.1    Bahadori, L.2    Gold, L.I.3
  • 107
    • 0036007315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β stabilizes elastin mRNA by a pathway requiring active smads, protein kinase C-δ, and p38
    • Kucich U, Rosenbloom JC, Abrams WR, et al: Transforming growth factor-β stabilizes elastin mRNA by a pathway requiring active smads, protein kinase C-δ, and p38. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 26:183-188, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.26 , pp. 183-188
    • Kucich, U.1    Rosenbloom, J.C.2    Abrams, W.R.3
  • 108
    • 0033664095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β induces endothelin-1 in a bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell line and rat lungs via cAMP
    • Lee SD, Lee DS, Chun YG, et al: Transforming growth factor-β induces endothelin-1 in a bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell line and rat lungs via cAMP. Pulm Pharmacol Therap 13:257-265, 2000
    • (2000) Pulm Pharmacol Therap , vol.13 , pp. 257-265
    • Lee, S.D.1    Lee, D.S.2    Chun, Y.G.3
  • 109
    • 0034747794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: Effects of transforming growth factor-β and hypoxia
    • Markewitz BA, Farrukh IS, Chen Y, et al: Regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: Effects of transforming growth factor-β and hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 49:200-206, 2001
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Res , vol.49 , pp. 200-206
    • Markewitz, B.A.1    Farrukh, I.S.2    Chen, Y.3
  • 110
    • 0035498841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling events required for transforming growth factor-β stimulation of connective tissue growth factor expression by cultured human lung fibroblasts
    • Kucich U, Rosenbloom JC, Herrick DJ, et al: Signaling events required for transforming growth factor-β stimulation of connective tissue growth factor expression by cultured human lung fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 395:103-112, 2001
    • (2001) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.395 , pp. 103-112
    • Kucich, U.1    Rosenbloom, J.C.2    Herrick, D.J.3
  • 111
    • 0032920158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lungs of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary hypertension
    • Shehata SMK, Mooi WJ, Okazaki T, et al: Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lungs of newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary hypertension. Thorax 54:427-431, 1999
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 427-431
    • Shehata, S.M.K.1    Mooi, W.J.2    Okazaki, T.3
  • 112
    • 0034039949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy due to congenital heart disease
    • Geiger R, Berger RMF, Hess J, et al: Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in pulmonary plexogenic arteriopathy due to congenital heart disease. J Pathol 191:202-207, 2000
    • (2000) J Pathol , vol.191 , pp. 202-207
    • Geiger, R.1    Berger, R.M.F.2    Hess, J.3
  • 113
    • 0035891606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor and Flt-1 in fetuses, in acute and chronic lung disease, and in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
    • Lassus P, Turanlahti M, Heikkila P, et al: Pulmonary vascular endothelial growth factor and Flt-1 in fetuses, in acute and chronic lung disease, and in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1981-1987, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 1981-1987
    • Lassus, P.1    Turanlahti, M.2    Heikkila, P.3
  • 114
    • 0033769794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imbalance between platelet vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in pulmonary hypertension. Effect of prostacyclin therapy
    • Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Sediame S, et al: Imbalance between platelet vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in pulmonary hypertension. Effect of prostacyclin therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:1493-1499, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Humbert, M.2    Sediame, S.3
  • 115
    • 0032090254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased vascular endothelial growth factor production in the lungs of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Christou H, Yoshida A, Arthur V, et al: Increased vascular endothelial growth factor production in the lungs of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 18:768-776, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.18 , pp. 768-776
    • Christou, H.1    Yoshida, A.2    Arthur, V.3
  • 116
    • 0036063399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice show impaired development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
    • Wanstall JC, Gambino A, Jeffery TK, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice show impaired development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 55:3611-3618, 2002
    • (2002) Cardiovasc Res , vol.55 , pp. 3611-3618
    • Wanstall, J.C.1    Gambino, A.2    Jeffery, T.K.3
  • 117
    • 0029116178 scopus 로고
    • Basic fibroblast growth factor alterations during development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats
    • Arcot SS, Fagerland JA, Lipke DW, et al: Basic fibroblast growth factor alterations during development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Growth Factors 12:121-130, 1995
    • (1995) Growth Factors , vol.12 , pp. 121-130
    • Arcot, S.S.1    Fagerland, J.A.2    Lipke, D.W.3
  • 118
    • 0032446730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alveolar hypoxia increases gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins and platelet-derived growth factor-B in lung parenchyma
    • Berg JT, Breen EC, Fu Z, et al: Alveolar hypoxia increases gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins and platelet-derived growth factor-B in lung parenchyma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:1920-1928, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1920-1928
    • Berg, J.T.1    Breen, E.C.2    Fu, Z.3
  • 119
    • 0027407536 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of PDGF A- and B-chain genes in rat lungs with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
    • Katayose D, Ohe M, Yamauchi K, et al: Increased expression of PDGF A- and B-chain genes in rat lungs with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 264:L100-L106, 1993
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Katayose, D.1    Ohe, M.2    Yamauchi, K.3
  • 120
    • 0026477703 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I and pulmonary hypertension induced by continuous air embolization in sheep
    • Perkett EA, Badesch DB, Roessler MK, et al: Insulin-like growth factor I and pulmonary hypertension induced by continuous air embolization in sheep. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 6:82-87, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.6 , pp. 82-87
    • Perkett, E.A.1    Badesch, D.B.2    Roessler, M.K.3
  • 121
    • 0024420041 scopus 로고
    • Polyamines and epidermal growth factor in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Gillespie MN, Rippetoe PE, Haven CA, et al: Polyamines and epidermal growth factor in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am Rev Respir Dis 140:1463-1466, 1989
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.140 , pp. 1463-1466
    • Gillespie, M.N.1    Rippetoe, P.E.2    Haven, C.A.3
  • 122
    • 0028358125 scopus 로고
    • Immediate-early gene expression in response to hypertrophic .and proliferative stimuli in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
    • Rothman A, Wolner B, Button D, et al: Immediate-early gene expression in response to hypertrophic .and proliferative stimuli in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 269:6399-6404, 1994
    • (1994) J Biol Chem , vol.269 , pp. 6399-6404
    • Rothman, A.1    Wolner, B.2    Button, D.3
  • 123
    • 0033759111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of tetrandrine on growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and proliferative response of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Wang HL, Kilfeather SA, Martin GR, et al: Effects of tetrandrine on growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and proliferative response of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 13:53-60, 2000
    • (2000) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.13 , pp. 53-60
    • Wang, H.L.1    Kilfeather, S.A.2    Martin, G.R.3
  • 124
    • 0025292977 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I and protein kinase C activation stimulate pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through separate but synergistic pathways
    • Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, McMurtry IF, et al: Insulin-like growth factor I and protein kinase C activation stimulate pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation through separate but synergistic pathways. J Cell Physiol 144:159-165, 1990
    • (1990) J Cell Physiol , vol.144 , pp. 159-165
    • Dempsey, E.C.1    Stenmark, K.R.2    McMurtry, I.F.3
  • 125
    • 0024573591 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates elastin synthesis by bovine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
    • Badesch DB, Lee PDK, Parks WC, et al: Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates elastin synthesis by bovine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 160:382-387, 1989
    • (1989) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.160 , pp. 382-387
    • Badesch, D.B.1    Lee, P.D.K.2    Parks, W.C.3
  • 126
    • 0025913139 scopus 로고
    • IGF-1 stimulates tropoelastin synthesis in neonatal rat pulmonary fibroblasts
    • Noguchi A, Nelson T: IGF-1 stimulates tropoelastin synthesis in neonatal rat pulmonary fibroblasts. Pediatr Res 30:248-251, 1991
    • (1991) Pediatr Res , vol.30 , pp. 248-251
    • Noguchi, A.1    Nelson, T.2
  • 127
    • 0027008295 scopus 로고
    • 2 increases expression of pulmonary artery endothelial cell platelet-derived growth factor mRNA
    • 2 increases expression of pulmonary artery endothelial cell platelet-derived growth factor mRNA. J Appl Physiol 73:2255-2262, 1992
    • (1992) J Appl Physiol , vol.73 , pp. 2255-2262
    • Montisano, D.F.1    Mann, T.2    Spragg, R.G.3
  • 128
    • 0029103274 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells. Identification of a 5' enhancer
    • Liu Y, Cox SR, Morita T, et al: Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells. Identification of a 5' enhancer. Circ Res 77:638-643, 1995
    • (1995) Circ Res , vol.77 , pp. 638-643
    • Liu, Y.1    Cox, S.R.2    Morita, T.3
  • 129
    • 0025050735 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen tension regulates the expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-B chain gene in human endothelial cells
    • Kourembanas S, Hannan RL, Faller DV: Oxygen tension regulates the expression of the platelet-derived growth factor-B chain gene in human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 86:670-674, 1990
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 670-674
    • Kourembanas, S.1    Hannan, R.L.2    Faller, D.V.3
  • 131
    • 9444287592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Abenhaim L, Moride Y, Brenot F, et al: Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 335:609-616, 1996
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 609-616
    • Abenhaim, L.1    Moride, Y.2    Brenot, F.3
  • 132
    • 0026524283 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the idiopathic development of pulmonary hypertension in the fawn hooded rat
    • Sato K, Webb S, Tucker A, et al: Factors influencing the idiopathic development of pulmonary hypertension in the fawn hooded rat. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:793-797, 1992
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.145 , pp. 793-797
    • Sato, K.1    Webb, S.2    Tucker, A.3
  • 133
    • 0029033224 scopus 로고
    • Increased plasma serotonin in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Herve P, Launay JM, Scrobohaci ML, et al: Increased plasma serotonin in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Med 99:249-254, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.99 , pp. 249-254
    • Herve, P.1    Launay, J.M.2    Scrobohaci, M.L.3
  • 134
    • 0028158826 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin produces both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture
    • Lee SL, Wang WW, Lanzillo JJ, et al: Serotonin produces both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture. Am J Physiol 266:L46-L52, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Lee, S.L.1    Wang, W.W.2    Lanzillo, J.J.3
  • 135
    • 0030954150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new role for an old molecule: Serotonin as a mitogen
    • Fanburg BL, Lee SL: A new role for an old molecule: Serotonin as a mitogen. Am J Physiol 272:L795-L806, 1997
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Fanburg, B.L.1    Lee, S.L.2
  • 136
    • 0032971293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin
    • Eddahibi S, Fabre V, Boni C, et al: Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin. Circ Res 84:329-336, 1999
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.84 , pp. 329-336
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Fabre, V.2    Boni, C.3
  • 137
    • 0025803950 scopus 로고
    • Dual effect of serotonin on growth of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture
    • Lee SL, Wang WW, Moore BJ, et al: Dual effect of serotonin on growth of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture. Circ Res 68:1362-1368, 1991
    • (1991) Circ Res , vol.68 , pp. 1362-1368
    • Lee, S.L.1    Wang, W.W.2    Moore, B.J.3
  • 138
    • 0028289042 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin increases DNA synthesis in rat proximal and distal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in culture
    • Pitt BR, Weng W, Steve AR, et al: Serotonin increases DNA synthesis in rat proximal and distal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Am J Physiol 266:L178-L186, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Pitt, B.R.1    Weng, W.2    Steve, A.R.3
  • 139
    • 0032521381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide as an intermediate signal for serotonin-induced mitogenesis
    • Lee SL, Wang WW, Fanburg BL: Superoxide as an intermediate signal for serotonin-induced mitogenesis. Free Rad Biol Med 24:855-858, 1998
    • (1998) Free Rad Biol Med , vol.24 , pp. 855-858
    • Lee, S.L.1    Wang, W.W.2    Fanburg, B.L.3
  • 140
    • 0034776773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Eddahibi S, Humbert M, Fadel E, et al: Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 108:1141-1150, 2001
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 1141-1150
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Humbert, M.2    Fadel, E.3
  • 141
    • 0032971293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells: Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin
    • Eddahibi S, Fabre V, Boni C, et al: Induction of serotonin transporter by hypoxia in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells: Relationship with the mitogenic action of serotonin. Circ Res 84:329-336, 1999
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.84 , pp. 329-336
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Fabre, V.2    Boni, C.3
  • 142
    • 0034096980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice lacking the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene
    • Eddahibi S, Hanoun N, Lanfumey L, et al: Attenuated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice lacking the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene. J Clin Invest 105:1555-1562, 2000
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.105 , pp. 1555-1562
    • Eddahibi, S.1    Hanoun, N.2    Lanfumey, L.3
  • 143
    • 0035347399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexfenfluramine as a mitogen signals through the formation of superoxide anion
    • Lee SD, Wang WW, Fanburg BL: Dexfenfluramine as a mitogen signals through the formation of superoxide anion. FASEB J 15:1324-1325, 2001
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 1324-1325
    • Lee, S.D.1    Wang, W.W.2    Fanburg, B.L.3
  • 144
    • 0031770719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide deficiency in fenfluramine- and dexfenflura mine-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Archer SL, Djaballah K, Humbert M, et al: Nitric oxide deficiency in fenfluramine- and dexfenflura mine-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:1061-1067, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1061-1067
    • Archer, S.L.1    Djaballah, K.2    Humbert, M.3
  • 145
    • 0027048346 scopus 로고
    • Normobaric hypoxia stimulates endothelin-1 gene expression in the rat
    • Elton TS, Oparil S, Taylor GR, et al: Normobaric hypoxia stimulates endothelin-1 gene expression in the rat. Am J Physiol 263:R1260-R1264, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263
    • Elton, T.S.1    Oparil, S.2    Taylor, G.R.3
  • 146
    • 0034036994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular remodeling and ET-1 expression in rat strains with different responses to chronic hypoxia
    • Aguirre JI, Morrell NW, Long L, et al: Vascular remodeling and ET-1 expression in rat strains with different responses to chronic hypoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 278:L981-L987, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.278
    • Aguirre, J.I.1    Morrell, N.W.2    Long, L.3
  • 147
    • 0027214376 scopus 로고
    • Circulating immunoreactive endothelin-1 in children with pulmonary hypertension: Association with acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoreactivity
    • Allen SW, Chatfield BA, Koppenhafer SA, et al: Circulating immunoreactive endothelin-1 in children with pulmonary hypertension: Association with acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:519-522, 1993
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 519-522
    • Allen, S.W.1    Chatfield, B.A.2    Koppenhafer, S.A.3
  • 148
    • 0027324745 scopus 로고
    • Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension
    • Giaid A, Yanagisawa M, Langleben D, et al: Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 328:1732-1739, 1993
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 1732-1739
    • Giaid, A.1    Yanagisawa, M.2    Langleben, D.3
  • 149
    • 0033614831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of epoprostenol improves the net balance between pulmonary endothelin-1 clearance and release in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Langleben D, Barst RJ, Badesch D, et al: Continuous infusion of epoprostenol improves the net balance between pulmonary endothelin-1 clearance and release in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 99:3266-3271, 1999
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 3266-3271
    • Langleben, D.1    Barst, R.J.2    Badesch, D.3
  • 150
    • 0028300556 scopus 로고
    • A-receptor antagonist, attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats
    • A-receptor antagonist, attenuates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol 266:H1327-H1331, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.266
    • Bonvallet, S.T.1    Zamora, M.R.2    Hasunuma, K.3
  • 151
    • 0026531570 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin 1: Mitogenic activity on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and release from hypoxic endothelial cells
    • Hassoun PM, Thappa V, Landman MJ, et al: Endothelin 1: Mitogenic activity on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and release from hypoxic endothelial cells. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 199:165-170, 1992
    • (1992) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.199 , pp. 165-170
    • Hassoun, P.M.1    Thappa, V.2    Landman, M.J.3
  • 152
    • 0027052235 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 stimulates DNA synthesis and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Janakidevi K, Fisher MA, Del Vecchio PJ, et al: Endothelin-1 stimulates DNA synthesis and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 263:C1295-C1301, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263
    • Janakidevi, K.1    Fisher, M.A.2    Del Vecchio, P.J.3
  • 153
    • 0027686284 scopus 로고
    • BQ123, an ETA receptor antagonist, inhibits endothelin-1-mediated proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Zamora MA, Dempsey EC, Walchak SJ, et al: BQ123, an ETA receptor antagonist, inhibits endothelin-1-mediated proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 9:429-433, 1993
    • (1993) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.9 , pp. 429-433
    • Zamora, M.A.1    Dempsey, E.C.2    Walchak, S.J.3
  • 154
    • 0026954366 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 induce chemotaxis and replication of pulmonary artery fibroblasts
    • Peacock AJ, Dawes KE, Shock A, et al: Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 induce chemotaxis and replication of pulmonary artery fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 7:492-499, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.7 , pp. 492-499
    • Peacock, A.J.1    Dawes, K.E.2    Shock, A.3
  • 155
    • 0028839144 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin induced collagen remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension
    • Mansoor AM, Honda M, Saida K, et al: Endothelin induced collagen remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 215:981-986, 1995
    • (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.215 , pp. 981-986
    • Mansoor, A.M.1    Honda, M.2    Saida, K.3
  • 156
    • 0036468709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B receptors modulate the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • B receptors modulate the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:398-405, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.165 , pp. 398-405
    • Davie, N.1    Haleen, S.J.2    Upton, P.D.3
  • 157
    • 0033110922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization and distribution of endothelin receptor subtypes in pulmonary vasculature of normal and hypoxia-exposed rats
    • Soma S, Takahashi H, Muramatsu M, et al: Localization and distribution of endothelin receptor subtypes in pulmonary vasculature of normal and hypoxia-exposed rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 20:620-630, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.20 , pp. 620-630
    • Soma, S.1    Takahashi, H.2    Muramatsu, M.3
  • 158
    • 0028060499 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor gene expression in chronic hypoxia
    • Li H, Chen SJ, Chen YF, et al: Enhanced endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor gene expression in chronic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 77:1451-1459, 1994
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol , vol.77 , pp. 1451-1459
    • Li, H.1    Chen, S.J.2    Chen, Y.F.3
  • 159
    • 0033715820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged endothelin B receptor blockade causes pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus
    • Ivy DD, Parker TA, Abman SH: Prolonged endothelin B receptor blockade causes pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 297:L758-L765, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.297
    • Ivy, D.D.1    Parker, T.A.2    Abman, S.H.3
  • 160
    • 0036082822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in endothelin B receptor-deficient rats
    • Ivy DD, Yanagisawa M, Gariepy CE, et al: Exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in endothelin B receptor-deficient rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 282:L703-L712, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.282
    • Ivy, D.D.1    Yanagisawa, M.2    Gariepy, C.E.3
  • 162
    • 0025739581 scopus 로고
    • Proliferation and Na+/H+ exchange activation by endothelin in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Lonchampt MO, Pinelis S, Goulin J, et al: Proliferation and Na+/H+ exchange activation by endothelin in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Hypertens 4:776-779, 1991
    • (1991) Am J Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 776-779
    • Lonchampt, M.O.1    Pinelis, S.2    Goulin, J.3
  • 163
    • 0029769635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 causes a prolonged protein kinase C activation and acts as a co-mitogen in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Assender JW, Irenius E, Fredholm BB: Endothelin-1 causes a prolonged protein kinase C activation and acts as a co-mitogen in vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Physiol Scand 157:451-460, 1996
    • (1996) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.157 , pp. 451-460
    • Assender, J.W.1    Irenius, E.2    Fredholm, B.B.3
  • 164
    • 0026455122 scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and the activities of two mitogen-activated protein kinases in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Koide M, Kawahara Y, Tsuda T, et al: Endothelin-1 stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and the activities of two mitogen-activated protein kinases in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens 10:1173-1182, 1992
    • (1992) J Hypertens , vol.10 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Koide, M.1    Kawahara, Y.2    Tsuda, T.3
  • 165
    • 0025266659 scopus 로고
    • Growth factor activity of endothelin on vascular smooth muscle
    • Bobik A, Grooms A, Millar JA, et al: Growth factor activity of endothelin on vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 258:C408-C415, 1990
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.258
    • Bobik, A.1    Grooms, A.2    Millar, J.A.3
  • 166
    • 0035195281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ET-1 stimulates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation via induction of reactive oxygen species
    • Wedgwood S, Dettman RW, Black SM: ET-1 stimulates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation via induction of reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol 281:L1058-L1067, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.281
    • Wedgwood, S.1    Dettman, R.W.2    Black, S.M.3
  • 167
    • 0031844497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular mechanisms and role of endothelin-1-induced calcium oscillations in pulmonary arterial myocytes
    • Hyvelin J-M, Guibert C, Marthan R, et al: Cellular mechanisms and role of endothelin-1-induced calcium oscillations in pulmonary arterial myocytes. Am J Physiol 275:L269-L282, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Hyvelin, J.-M.1    Guibert, C.2    Marthan, R.3
  • 168
    • 0028820617 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme expression is increased in small pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Morrell NW, Atochina EN, Morris KG, et al: Angiotensin converting enzyme expression is increased in small pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 96:1823-1833, 1995
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 1823-1833
    • Morrell, N.W.1    Atochina, E.N.2    Morris, K.G.3
  • 169
    • 0032704842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in pulmonary hypertensive rats: Comparative effects on pulmonary vascular structure and function
    • Jeffery TK, Wanstall JC: Perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in pulmonary hypertensive rats: Comparative effects on pulmonary vascular structure and function. Br J Pharmacol 128:1407-1418, 1999
    • (1999) Br J Pharmacol , vol.128 , pp. 1407-1418
    • Jeffery, T.K.1    Wanstall, J.C.2
  • 170
    • 0028850404 scopus 로고
    • Role of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II in development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
    • Morrell NW, Morris KG, Stenmark KR: Role of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II in development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 269:H1186-H1194, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.269
    • Morrell, N.W.1    Morris, K.G.2    Stenmark, K.R.3
  • 171
    • 0034047028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II is mitogenic for human lung fibroblasts via activation of the type I receptor
    • Marshall RP, McAnulty RJ, Laurent GJ: Angiotensin II is mitogenic for human lung fibroblasts via activation of the type I receptor. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1999-2004, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 1999-2004
    • Marshall, R.P.1    McAnulty, R.J.2    Laurent, G.J.3
  • 172
    • 0028820617 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme expression is increased in small pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Morrell NW, Atochina EN, Morris KG, et al: Angiotensin converting enzyme expression is increased in small pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 96:1823-1833, 1995
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 1823-1833
    • Morrell, N.W.1    Atochina, E.N.2    Morris, K.G.3
  • 173
    • 0029907928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme expression in primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Schuster DP, Crouch EC, Parks WC, et al: Angiotensin converting enzyme expression in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:1087-1091, 1996
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 1087-1091
    • Schuster, D.P.1    Crouch, E.C.2    Parks, W.C.3
  • 174
    • 0033645470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of pulmonary vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme in primary and secondary plexiform pulmonary hypertension
    • Orte C, Polak JM, Haworth SG, et al: Expression of pulmonary vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme in primary and secondary plexiform pulmonary hypertension. J Pathol 192:379-384, 2000
    • (2000) J Pathol , vol.192 , pp. 379-384
    • Orte, C.1    Polak, J.M.2    Haworth, S.G.3
  • 175
    • 0032918581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-related kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth
    • Akishita M, Masaaki I, Lehtonen JYA, et al: Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-related kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth. J Clin Invest 103:63-71, 1999
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 63-71
    • Akishita, M.1    Masaaki, I.2    Lehtonen, J.Y.A.3
  • 176
    • 0036548754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II-mediated signal transduction pathways
    • Saito Y, Berk BC: Angiotensin II-mediated signal transduction pathways. Curr Hypertens Rep 4:167-171, 2002
    • (2002) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.4 , pp. 167-171
    • Saito, Y.1    Berk, B.C.2
  • 177
    • 0035146135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transactivation: A novel signaling pathway from angiotensin II to tyrosine kinase receptors
    • Saito Y, Berk BC: Transactivation: A novel signaling pathway from angiotensin II to tyrosine kinase receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 33:3-7, 2001
    • (2001) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 3-7
    • Saito, Y.1    Berk, B.C.2
  • 178
    • 0032907677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle: Pathways activated by specific tyrosine kinases
    • Berk BC: Angiotensin II signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle: Pathways activated by specific tyrosine kinases. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:S62-S68, 1999 (Suppl 11)
    • (1999) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 11
    • Berk, B.C.1
  • 179
    • 0034717056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II induces transactivation of two different populations of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor
    • Heeneman S, Haendeler J, Saito Y, et al: Angiotensin II induces transactivation of two different populations of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor. J Biol Chem 275:15926-15932, 2000
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 15926-15932
    • Heeneman, S.1    Haendeler, J.2    Saito, Y.3
  • 180
    • 0026628265 scopus 로고
    • An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension
    • Christman BW, McPherson CD, Newman JH, et al: An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 327:70-75, 1992
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 70-75
    • Christman, B.W.1    McPherson, C.D.2    Newman, J.H.3
  • 181
    • 0029062419 scopus 로고
    • Increased interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 serum concentrations in severe primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Humbert M, Monti G, Brenot F, et al: Increased interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 serum concentrations in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151:1628-1631, 1995
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 1628-1631
    • Humbert, M.1    Monti, G.2    Brenot, F.3
  • 182
    • 0035166863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 suggest macrophage activation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • 2 suggest macrophage activation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 120:1639-1644, 2001
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120 , pp. 1639-1644
    • Robbins, I.M.1    Barst, R.J.2    Rubin, L.J.3
  • 183
    • 0031919455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) immunoreactivity in lungs from patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
    • Wright L, Tuder RM, Wang J, et al: 5-Lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) immunoreactivity in lungs from patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:219-229, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 219-229
    • Wright, L.1    Tuder, R.M.2    Wang, J.3
  • 184
    • 0030036618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet-activating factor exerts mitogenic activity and stimulates expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in human lung fibroblasts via binding to its functional receptor
    • Roth M, Yousefi S, Tamm M, et al: Platelet-activating factor exerts mitogenic activity and stimulates expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in human lung fibroblasts via binding to its functional receptor. J Exp Med 184:191-201, 1996
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.184 , pp. 191-201
    • Roth, M.1    Yousefi, S.2    Tamm, M.3
  • 185
    • 0023848599 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 1: A mitogen for human vascular smooth muscle cells that induces the release of growth-inhibitory prostanoids
    • Libby P, Warner SJ, Friedman GB: Interleukin 1: A mitogen for human vascular smooth muscle cells that induces the release of growth-inhibitory prostanoids. J Clin Invest 81:487-498, 1988
    • (1988) J Clin Invest , vol.81 , pp. 487-498
    • Libby, P.1    Warner, S.J.2    Friedman, G.B.3
  • 186
    • 0032711658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia stimulates proliferation and interleukin-1β production in human vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Cooper AL, Beasley D: Hypoxia stimulates proliferation and interleukin-1β production in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 277:H1326-H1337, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Cooper, A.L.1    Beasley, D.2
  • 187
    • 0035909217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes
    • Plutzky J: Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 88:10K-15K, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.88
    • Plutzky, J.1
  • 188
    • 0036087597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Lipoxygenase and human pulmonary artery endothelial cell proliferation
    • Walker JL, Loscalzo J, Zhang Y: 5-lipoxygenase and human pulmonary artery endothelial cell proliferation. Am J Physiol 2822:H585-H593, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Physiol , vol.2822
    • Walker, J.L.1    Loscalzo, J.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 189
    • 0035933483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of Ref-1 inhibits hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through nuclear factor-β-independent and -dependent pathways
    • Hall JL, Wang W, Adamson V, et al: Overexpression of Ref-1 inhibits hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through nuclear factor-β-independent and -dependent pathways. Circ Res 88:1247-1253, 2001
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.88 , pp. 1247-1253
    • Hall, J.L.1    Wang, W.2    Adamson, V.3
  • 190
    • 0033555934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TL1, a novel tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine induces apoptosis in endothelial cells
    • Yue T-L, Ni J, Romanic AM, et al: TL1, a novel tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 274:1479-1486, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 1479-1486
    • Yue, T.-L.1    Ni, J.2    Romanic, A.M.3
  • 191
    • 0034085305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRAIL expression in vascular smooth muscle
    • Gochuico BR, Zhang J, Ma BY, et al: TRAIL expression in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 278:L1045-L1050, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.278
    • Gochuico, B.R.1    Zhang, J.2    Ma, B.Y.3
  • 192
    • 0028215644 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxic induction of interleukin-8 gene expression in human endothelial cells
    • Karakurum M, Shreeniwas R, Chen J, et al: Hypoxic induction of interleukin-8 gene expression in human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 93:1564-1570, 1994
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 1564-1570
    • Karakurum, M.1    Shreeniwas, R.2    Chen, J.3
  • 193
    • 0030422926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation of iNOS by IL-1 beta in cultured rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Wong HR, Finder JD, Wasserloos K, et al: Transcriptional regulation of iNOS by IL-1 beta in cultured rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 271:L166-L171, 1996
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.271
    • Wong, H.R.1    Finder, J.D.2    Wasserloos, K.3
  • 194
    • 0031706281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells by TNF-α-induced oxidant generation and NF-κB activation
    • Rahman A, Kefer J, Bando M, et al: E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells by TNF-α-induced oxidant generation and NF-κB activation. Am J Physiol 275:L533-L544, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Rahman, A.1    Kefer, J.2    Bando, M.3
  • 195
    • 0031714410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-specific upregulation of calpain activity and gene expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells
    • Zhang J, Patel JM, Block ER: Hypoxia-specific upregulation of calpain activity and gene expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 275:L461-L468, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Zhang, J.1    Patel, J.M.2    Block, E.R.3
  • 196
    • 0033029454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C-activated oxidant generation in endothelial cells signals intracellular adhesion molecule-1 gene transcription
    • Rahman A, Bando M, Kefer J, et al: Protein kinase C-activated oxidant generation in endothelial cells signals intracellular adhesion molecule-1 gene transcription. Mol Pharmacol 55:575-583, 1999
    • (1999) Mol Pharmacol , vol.55 , pp. 575-583
    • Rahman, A.1    Bando, M.2    Kefer, J.3
  • 197
    • 0033166382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stretch induces platelet-activating factor gene expression through the NF-κB transcription factor
    • Chaqour B, Howard PS, Richards CF, et al: Mechanical stretch induces platelet-activating factor gene expression through the NF-κB transcription factor. J Mol Cell Cardiol 31:1345-1355, 1999
    • (1999) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.31 , pp. 1345-1355
    • Chaqour, B.1    Howard, P.S.2    Richards, C.F.3
  • 198
    • 0033724749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C-ζ mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 gene transcription in endothelial cells
    • Rahman A, Anwar KN, Malik AB: Protein kinase C-ζ mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 gene transcription in endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 279:C906-C914, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.279
    • Rahman, A.1    Anwar, K.N.2    Malik, A.B.3
  • 199
    • 0035345824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional regulation of the human iNOS gene by IL-1 beta in endothelial cells
    • Kolyada AY, Madias NE: Transcriptional regulation of the human iNOS gene by IL-1 beta in endothelial cells. Mol Med 7:329-343, 2001
    • (2001) Mol Med , vol.7 , pp. 329-343
    • Kolyada, A.Y.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 200
    • 0033818354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras-dependent and -independent regulation of reactive oxygen species by mitogenic growth factors and TGFβ 1
    • Thannickal VJ, Day RM, Klinz SG, et al: Ras-dependent and -independent regulation of reactive oxygen species by mitogenic growth factors and TGFβ1. FASEB J 14:1741-1748, 2000
    • (2000) FASEB J , vol.14 , pp. 1741-1748
    • Thannickal, V.J.1    Day, R.M.2    Klinz, S.G.3
  • 201
    • 0029417335 scopus 로고
    • 2-generating NADH oxidase in human lung fibroblasts by transforming growth factor β 1
    • 2-generating NADH oxidase in human lung fibroblasts by transforming growth factor β1. J Biol Chem 270:30334-30338, 1995
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 30334-30338
    • Thannickal, V.J.1    Fanburg, B.L.2
  • 202
    • 0035100461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of oxidative stress contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia
    • Hoshikawa Y, Ono S, Suzuki S, et al: Generation of oxidative stress contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 90:1299-1306, 2001
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol , vol.90 , pp. 1299-1306
    • Hoshikawa, Y.1    Ono, S.2    Suzuki, S.3
  • 203
    • 0032035399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor antagonist (C1-1020) in rats with established hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
    • A receptor antagonist (C1-1020) in rats with established hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Pharmacol Therap 11:173-176, 1998
    • (1998) Pulm Pharmacol Therap , vol.11 , pp. 173-176
    • Sheedy, W.1    Haleen, S.2    Morice, A.H.3
  • 204
    • 0026505108 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells constitutively release xanthine oxidase
    • Partridge CA, Blumenstock FA, Malik AB: Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells constitutively release xanthine oxidase. Arch Biochem Biophys 294:184-187, 1992
    • (1992) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.294 , pp. 184-187
    • Partridge, C.A.1    Blumenstock, F.A.2    Malik, A.B.3
  • 205
    • 0032867391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activity through the formation of superoxide anion
    • Lee SL, Wang WW, Finlay GA, et al: Serotonin stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activity through the formation of superoxide anion. Am J Physiol 277:L282-L291, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Lee, S.L.1    Wang, W.W.2    Finlay, G.A.3
  • 206
    • 0032134380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide stimulates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
    • Zhang J, Jin N, Liu Y, et al: Hydrogen peroxide stimulates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:324-332, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.19 , pp. 324-332
    • Zhang, J.1    Jin, N.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 207
    • 0026779181 scopus 로고
    • Increased pulmonary artery elastolytic activity in adult rats with monocrotaline-induced progressive hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease compared with infant rats with nonprogressive disease
    • Todorovich-Hunter L, Dodo H, Ye C, et al: Increased pulmonary artery elastolytic activity in adult rats with monocrotaline-induced progressive hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease compared with infant rats with nonprogressive disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 146:213-223, 1992
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , pp. 213-223
    • Todorovich-Hunter, L.1    Dodo, H.2    Ye, C.3
  • 208
    • 0029868471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous leukocyte and endogenous elastases can mediate mitogenic activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by release of extracellular-matrix bound basic fibroblast growth factor
    • Thompson K, Rabinovitch M: Exogenous leukocyte and endogenous elastases can mediate mitogenic activity in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by release of extracellular-matrix bound basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Physiol 166:495-505, 1996
    • (1996) J Cell Physiol , vol.166 , pp. 495-505
    • Thompson, K.1    Rabinovitch, M.2
  • 209
    • 0032504763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AML1-like transcription factor induces serine elastase activity in ovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Wigle DA, Thompson KE, Yablonsky S, et al: AML1-like transcription factor induces serine elastase activity in ovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 83:252-263, 1998
    • (1998) Circ Res , vol.83 , pp. 252-263
    • Wigle, D.A.1    Thompson, K.E.2    Yablonsky, S.3
  • 210
    • 0034037229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide reduces vascular smooth muscle cell elastase activity through cGMP-mediated suppression of ERK phosphorylation and AML1B nuclear partitioning
    • Mitani Y, Zaidi SHE, Dufourcq P, et al: Nitric oxide reduces vascular smooth muscle cell elastase activity through cGMP-mediated suppression of ERK phosphorylation and AML1B nuclear partitioning. FASEB J 14:805-814, 2000
    • (2000) FASEB J , vol.14 , pp. 805-814
    • Mitani, Y.1    Zaidi, S.H.E.2    Dufourcq, P.3
  • 211
    • 0033612184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression of hypertrophied rat pulmonary arteries in organ culture is associated with suppression of proteolytic activity, inhibition of tenascin-C, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis
    • Northcote Cowan K, Lloyd Jones P, Rabinovitch M: Regression of hypertrophied rat pulmonary arteries in organ culture is associated with suppression of proteolytic activity, inhibition of tenascin-C, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis. Circ Res 84:1223-1233, 1999
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.84 , pp. 1223-1233
    • Northcote Cowan, K.1    Lloyd Jones, P.2    Rabinovitch, M.3
  • 212
    • 0030940521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenascin-C, proliferation and subendothelial fibronectin in progressive pulmonary vascular disease
    • Lloyd Jones P, Cowan KN, Rabinovitch M: Tenascin-C, proliferation and subendothelial fibronectin in progressive pulmonary vascular disease. Am J Pathol 150:1349-1360, 1997
    • (1997) Am J Pathol , vol.150 , pp. 1349-1360
    • Lloyd Jones, P.1    Cowan, K.N.2    Rabinovitch, M.3
  • 213
    • 0033989282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors induce regression, and tenascin-C antisense prevents progression, of vascular disease
    • Cowan KN, Jones PL, Rabinovitch M: Elastase and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors induce regression, and tenascin-C antisense prevents progression, of vascular disease. J Clin Invest 105:21-34, 2000
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.105 , pp. 21-34
    • Cowan, K.N.1    Jones, P.L.2    Rabinovitch, M.3
  • 214
    • 0029806822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tenascin-C is induced with progressive pulmonary vascular disease in rats and is functionally related to increased smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • Lloyd Jones P, Rabinovitch M: Tenascin-C is induced with progressive pulmonary vascular disease in rats and is functionally related to increased smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circ Res 79:1131-1142, 1996
    • (1996) Circ Res , vol.79 , pp. 1131-1142
    • Lloyd Jones, P.1    Rabinovitch, M.2
  • 215
    • 0030860609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 integrin to promote epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and growth
    • 3 integrin to promote epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and growth. J Cell Biol 139:279-293, 1997
    • (1997) J Cell Biol , vol.139 , pp. 279-293
    • Lloyd Jones, P.1    Crack, J.2    Rabinovitch, M.3
  • 216
    • 0035920254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prx1 controls vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and tenascin-C expression and is upregulated with Prx 2 in pulmlonary vascular disease
    • Jones FS, Meech R, Edelman DB, et al: Prx1 controls vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and tenascin-C expression and is upregulated with Prx2 in pulmlonary vascular disease. Circ Res 89:131-138, 2001
    • (2001) Circ Res , vol.89 , pp. 131-138
    • Jones, F.S.1    Meech, R.2    Edelman, D.B.3
  • 217
    • 17944371761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gelatinase expression in pulmonary arteries during experimental pulmonary hypertension
    • Frisdal E, Gest V, Vieillard-Baron A, et al: Gelatinase expression in pulmonary arteries during experimental pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 18:838-845, 2001
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , pp. 838-845
    • Frisdal, E.1    Gest, V.2    Vieillard-Baron, A.3
  • 218
    • 0031867164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of matrix-degrading enzymes in pulmonary vascular remodeling in the rat
    • Thakker-Varia S, Tozzi CA, Poiani GJ, et al: Expression of matrix-degrading enzymes in pulmonary vascular remodeling in the rat. Am J Physiol 275:L398-L406, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Thakker-Varia, S.1    Tozzi, C.A.2    Poiani, G.J.3
  • 219
    • 0034283206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by lung TIMP-1 gene transfer or doxycycline aggravates pulmonary hypertension in rats
    • Vieillard-Baron A, Frisdal E, Eddahibi S, et al: Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by lung TIMP-1 gene transfer or doxycycline aggravates pulmonary hypertension in rats. Circ Res 87:418-425, 2000
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 418-425
    • Vieillard-Baron, A.1    Frisdal, E.2    Eddahibi, S.3
  • 220
    • 4244189666 scopus 로고
    • Difference between basal release of nitric oxide and response to acetylcholine in isolated lungs from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Cremona G, Bower EA, Higenbottam TW: Difference between basal release of nitric oxide and response to acetylcholine in isolated lungs from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Thorax 49:425P-426P, 1994
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49
    • Cremona, G.1    Bower, E.A.2    Higenbottam, T.W.3
  • 221
    • 0028809314 scopus 로고
    • Urinary nitrite and nitrate concentrations in patients with idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
    • Dollberg S, Warner BW, Myatt L: Urinary nitrite and nitrate concentrations in patients with idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediatr Res 37:31-34, 1995
    • (1995) Pediatr Res , vol.37 , pp. 31-34
    • Dollberg, S.1    Warner, B.W.2    Myatt, L.3
  • 222
    • 0029165328 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nitric oxide on fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle growth
    • Thomae KR, Nakayama DK, Billiar TR, et al: The effect of nitric oxide on fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle growth. J Surg Res 59:337-343, 1995
    • (1995) J Surg Res , vol.59 , pp. 337-343
    • Thomae, K.R.1    Nakayama, D.K.2    Billiar, T.R.3
  • 223
    • 0032881026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of nitric oxide in regulating neonatal porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • Ambalavanan N, Mariani G, Bulger A, et al: Role of nitric oxide in regulating neonatal porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Biol Neonate 76:291-300, 1999
    • (1999) Biol Neonate , vol.76 , pp. 291-300
    • Ambalavanan, N.1    Mariani, G.2    Bulger, A.3
  • 224
    • 0034928597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nitric oxide donors on human lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro
    • Liu X, Zhu YK, Wang H, et al: Effect of nitric oxide donors on human lung fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Chest 120:13S-14S, 2001
    • (2001) Chest , vol.120
    • Liu, X.1    Zhu, Y.K.2    Wang, H.3
  • 225
    • 0027179449 scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary responses to chronic hypoxia in transgenic mice that overexpress ANP
    • Klinger JR, Petit RD, Curtin LA, et al: Cardiopulmonary responses to chronic hypoxia in transgenic mice that overexpress ANP. J Appl Physiol 75:198-205, 1993
    • (1993) J Appl Physiol , vol.75 , pp. 198-205
    • Klinger, J.R.1    Petit, R.D.2    Curtin, L.A.3
  • 226
    • 0033537488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPR-A-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Zhao L, Long L, Morrell NW, et al: NPR-A-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 99:605-607, 1999
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 605-607
    • Zhao, L.1    Long, L.2    Morrell, N.W.3
  • 227
    • 0037018771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and adaptation to hypoxic conditions
    • Wilkins MR, Aldashev A, Morrell NW: Nitric oxide, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Lancet 359:1539-1540, 2002
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 1539-1540
    • Wilkins, M.R.1    Aldashev, A.2    Morrell, N.W.3
  • 228
    • 0027260899 scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide regulates the expression of vasocon-strictors and growth factors by vascular endothelium under both normoxia and hypoxia
    • Kourembanas S, McQuillan LP, Leung GK, et al: Nitric oxide regulates the expression of vasocon-strictors and growth factors by vascular endothelium under both normoxia and hypoxia. J Clin Invest 92:99-104, 1993
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 99-104
    • Kourembanas, S.1    McQuillan, L.P.2    Leung, G.K.3
  • 229
    • 0031468321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratracheal instillation of a novel NO/nucleophile adduct selectively reduces pulmonary hypertension
    • Brilli RJ, Krafte-Jacobs B, Smith DJ, et al: Intratracheal instillation of a novel NO/nucleophile adduct selectively reduces pulmonary hypertension. J Appl Physiol 83:1968-1975, 1997
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 1968-1975
    • Brilli, R.J.1    Krafte-Jacobs, B.2    Smith, D.J.3
  • 231
    • 0035673402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate stimulate apoptosis via activation of the Fas-FasL pathway
    • Hayden MA, Lange PA, Nakayama DK: Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate stimulate apoptosis via activation of the Fas-FasL pathway. J Surg Res 101:183-189, 2001
    • (2001) J Surg Res , vol.101 , pp. 183-189
    • Hayden, M.A.1    Lange, P.A.2    Nakayama, D.K.3
  • 232
    • 0032545516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adendovirus-mediated gene transfer of cGMP-dependent protein kinase increases the sensitivity of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of nitric oxide/cGMP
    • Chiche J-D, Schlutsmeyer SM, Bloch DB, et al: Adendovirus-mediated gene transfer of cGMP-dependent protein kinase increases the sensitivity of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of nitric oxide/cGMP. J Biol Chem 273:34263-34271, 1998
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 34263-34271
    • Chiche, J.-D.1    Schlutsmeyer, S.M.2    Bloch, D.B.3
  • 233
    • 0036007307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of stable prostacyclin analogs on smooth muscle proliferation and cyclic AMP generation in human pulmonary artery
    • Clapp LH, Finney P, Turcato S, et al: Differential effects of stable prostacyclin analogs on smooth muscle proliferation and cyclic AMP generation in human pulmonary artery. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 26:194-201, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.26 , pp. 194-201
    • Clapp, L.H.1    Finney, P.2    Turcato, S.3
  • 234
    • 0032989313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms regulating cAMP-mediated growth of bovine neonatal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Guldemeester A, Stenmark KR, Brough GH, et al: Mechanisms regulating cAMP-mediated growth of bovine neonatal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 276:L1010-L1017, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Guldemeester, A.1    Stenmark, K.R.2    Brough, G.H.3
  • 235
    • 0033032949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension
    • Tuder RM, Cool CD, Geraci MW, et al: Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1925-1932, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1925-1932
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Cool, C.D.2    Geraci, M.W.3
  • 236
    • 0033734698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prostacyclin-mimetic cicaprost inhibits endogenous endothelin-1 release from human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Wort SJ, Mitchell JA, Woods M, et al: The prostacyclin-mimetic cicaprost inhibits endogenous endothelin-1 release from human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 36:S410-S413, 2000
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.36
    • Wort, S.J.1    Mitchell, J.A.2    Woods, M.3
  • 237
    • 0032765028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrovirus-mediated HO gene transfer into enedothelial cells protects against oxidant-induced injury
    • Yang L, Quan S, Abraham NG: Retrovirus-mediated HO gene transfer into enedothelial cells protects against oxidant-induced injury. Am J Physiol 277:L127-L133, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Yang, L.1    Quan, S.2    Abraham, N.G.3
  • 238
    • 0028928004 scopus 로고
    • Smooth muscle cell-derived carbon monoxide is a regulator of vascular cGMP
    • Morita T, Perrella MA, Lee M, et al: Smooth muscle cell-derived carbon monoxide is a regulator of vascular cGMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1475-1479, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 1475-1479
    • Morita, T.1    Perrella, M.A.2    Lee, M.3
  • 239
    • 0033370832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential signaling pathways of HO-1 gene expression in pulmonary and systemic vascular cells
    • Hartsfield CL, Alam J, Choi AMK: Differential signaling pathways of HO-1 gene expression in pulmonary and systemic vascular cells. Am J Physiol 277:L1133-L1141, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Hartsfield, C.L.1    Alam, J.2    Choi, A.M.K.3
  • 240
    • 0031041377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates transcriptional activation of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene in response to hypoxia
    • Lee PJ, Jiang B, Chin BY, et al: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates transcriptional activation of the heme-oxygenase-1 gene in response to hypoxia. J Biol Chem 272:5375-5381, 1997
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , pp. 5375-5381
    • Lee, P.J.1    Jiang, B.2    Chin, B.Y.3
  • 241
    • 0035902447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted expression of heme oxygenase-1 prevents the pulmonary inflammatory and vascular responses to hypoxia
    • Minamino T, Christou H, Hsieh C, et al: Targeted expression of heme oxygenase-1 prevents the pulmonary inflammatory and vascular responses to hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:8798-8803, 2001
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 8798-8803
    • Minamino, T.1    Christou, H.2    Hsieh, C.3
  • 242
    • 0033561224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia induces severe right ventricular dilatation and infarction in heme oxygenase-1 null mice
    • Yet S, Perrella MA, Layne MD, et al: Hypoxia induces severe right ventricular dilatation and infarction in heme oxygenase-1 null mice. J Clin Invest 103:R23-R29, 1999
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103
    • Yet, S.1    Perrella, M.A.2    Layne, M.D.3
  • 243
    • 0034705371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by enhancement of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 in the rat
    • Christou H, Morita T, Hsieh C, et al: Prevention of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by enhancement of endogenous heme oxygenase-1 in the rat. Circ Res 86:1224-1229, 2000
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.86 , pp. 1224-1229
    • Christou, H.1    Morita, T.2    Hsieh, C.3
  • 244
    • 0033974689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive responses and apoptosis in endothelial cells exposed to carbon monoxide
    • Thom SR, Fisher D, Xu YA, et al: Adaptive responses and apoptosis in endothelial cells exposed to carbon monoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:1305-1310, 2000
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 1305-1310
    • Thom, S.R.1    Fisher, D.2    Xu, Y.A.3
  • 245
    • 0036086273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon monoxide promotes hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling
    • Carraway MS, Suliman HB, Carter JD, et al: Carbon monoxide promotes hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol 282:L693-L702, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Physiol , vol.282
    • Carraway, M.S.1    Suliman, H.B.2    Carter, J.D.3
  • 246
    • 0032429520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia enhances cellular proliferation and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate generation in fibroblasts from bovine pulmonary artery but not from mesenteric artery
    • Welsh DJ, Scott P, Plevin R, et al: Hypoxia enhances cellular proliferation and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate generation in fibroblasts from bovine pulmonary artery but not from mesenteric artery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:1757-1762, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1757-1762
    • Welsh, D.J.1    Scott, P.2    Plevin, R.3
  • 247
    • 0030927308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct effect of hypoxia on endothelial cell proliferation and cycling
    • Tucci M, Hammerman SI, Furfaro S, et al: Distinct effect of hypoxia on endothelial cell proliferation and cycling. Am J Physiol 272:C1700-C1708, 1997
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Tucci, M.1    Hammerman, S.I.2    Furfaro, S.3
  • 248
    • 0025963130 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C activation allows pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to proliferate to hypoxia
    • Dempsey EC, McMurtry IF, O'Brien RF: Protein kinase C activation allows pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to proliferate to hypoxia. Am J Physiol 260:L136-L145, 1991
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260
    • Dempsey, E.C.1    McMurtry, I.F.2    O'Brien, R.F.3
  • 249
    • 0022513967 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hypoxia on prostacyclin production in cultured pulmonary artery endothelium
    • Madden MC, Vender RL, Friedman M: Effect of hypoxia on prostacyclin production in cultured pulmonary artery endothelium. Prostaglandins 31:1049-1062, 1986
    • (1986) Prostaglandins , vol.31 , pp. 1049-1062
    • Madden, M.C.1    Vender, R.L.2    Friedman, M.3
  • 250
    • 0032825073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced release of peptide growth factors from neonatal porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Ambalavanan N, Bulger A, Philips JB: Hypoxia-induced release of peptide growth factors from neonatal porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Biol Neonate 76:311-319, 1999
    • (1999) Biol Neonate , vol.76 , pp. 311-319
    • Ambalavanan, N.1    Bulger, A.2    Philips, J.B.3
  • 251
    • 0030670663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in ovine pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and regulated by hypoxia and dexamethasone
    • Klekamp JG, Jarzecka K, Hoover RL, et al: Vascular endothelial growth factor is expressed in ovine pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and regulated by hypoxia and dexamethasone. Pediatr Res 42:744-749, 1997
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 744-749
    • Klekamp, J.G.1    Jarzecka, K.2    Hoover, R.L.3
  • 252
    • 0028435040 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of fibroblast mitogens and chemoattractants produced by endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia
    • Dawes KE, Peacock AJ, Gray AJ, et al: Characterization of fibroblast mitogens and chemoattractants produced by endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 10:552-559, 1994
    • (1994) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.10 , pp. 552-559
    • Dawes, K.E.1    Peacock, A.J.2    Gray, A.J.3
  • 253
    • 0030045227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of endothelin-1 and enhanced growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from fawn-hooded rats
    • Zamora MR, Stelzner TJ, Webb S, et al: Overexpression of endothelin-1 and enhanced growth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from fawn-hooded rats. Am J Physiol 270:L101-L109, 1996
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Zamora, M.R.1    Stelzner, T.J.2    Webb, S.3
  • 254
    • 0032744210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ZD1611, an orally active endothelin-A receptor antagonist, prevents chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat
    • Bialecki RA, Fisher CS, Abbot BM, et al: ZD1611, an orally active endothelin-A receptor antagonist, prevents chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 12:303-312, 1999
    • (1999) Pulm Pharmacol Ther , vol.12 , pp. 303-312
    • Bialecki, R.A.1    Fisher, C.S.2    Abbot, B.M.3
  • 255
    • 0034129331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin mediates pulmonary vascular remodelling in a canine model of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension
    • Kim H, Yung GL, Marsh JJ, et al: Endothelin mediates pulmonary vascular remodelling in a canine model of chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 15:640-648, 2000
    • (2000) Eur Respir J , vol.15 , pp. 640-648
    • Kim, H.1    Yung, G.L.2    Marsh, J.J.3
  • 256
    • 0027048346 scopus 로고
    • Normobaric hypoxia stimulates endothelin-1 gene expression in the rat
    • Elton TS, Oparil S, Taylor GR, et al: Normobaric hypoxia stimulates endothelin-1 gene expression in the rat. Am J Physiol 263:R1260-R1264, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.263
    • Elton, T.S.1    Oparil, S.2    Taylor, G.R.3
  • 257
    • 0026635055 scopus 로고
    • Increased lung endothelin-1 production in rats with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
    • Stelzner TJ, O'Brien RF, Yanagisawa M, et al: Increased lung endothelin-1 production in rats with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 262:L614-L620, 1992
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Stelzner, T.J.1    O'Brien, R.F.2    Yanagisawa, M.3
  • 258
    • 0031965759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased lung preproET-1 and decreased ETB-receptor gene expression in fetal pulmonary hypertension
    • Ivy DD, Le Cras TD, Horan MP, et al: Increased lung preproET-1 and decreased ETB-receptor gene expression in fetal pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 274:L535-L541, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.274
    • Ivy, D.D.1    Le Cras, T.D.2    Horan, M.P.3
  • 259
    • 0032706248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of endothelin-1 in rats developing hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Nakanishi K, Tajima F, Nakata Y, et al: Expression of endothelin-1 in rats developing hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Lab Invest 79:1347-1357, 1999
    • (1999) Lab Invest , vol.79 , pp. 1347-1357
    • Nakanishi, K.1    Tajima, F.2    Nakata, Y.3
  • 260
    • 0034039314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of angiotensin II receptor expression during development and regression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
    • Chassagne C, Eddahibi S, Adamy C, et al: Modulation of angiotensin II receptor expression during development and regression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 22:323-332, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.22 , pp. 323-332
    • Chassagne, C.1    Eddahibi, S.2    Adamy, C.3
  • 261
    • 0029902432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II receptor expression and inhibition in the chronically hypoxic rat lung
    • Zhao L, Al-Tubuly R, Sebkhi A, et al: Angiotensin II receptor expression and inhibition in the chronically hypoxic rat lung. Br J Pharmacol 119:1217-1222, 1996
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.119 , pp. 1217-1222
    • Zhao, L.1    Al-Tubuly, R.2    Sebkhi, A.3
  • 262
    • 0028940664 scopus 로고
    • Increased gene expression for VEGF and the VEGF receptors KDR/Flk and Flt in lungs exposed to acute or to chronic hypoxia. Modulation of gene expression by nitric oxide
    • Tuder RM, Flook BE, Voelkel NF: Increased gene expression for VEGF and the VEGF receptors KDR/Flk and Flt in lungs exposed to acute or to chronic hypoxia. Modulation of gene expression by nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 95:1798-1807, 1995
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 1798-1807
    • Tuder, R.M.1    Flook, B.E.2    Voelkel, N.F.3
  • 263
    • 0032429293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart and lung VEGF mRNA expression in rats with monocrotaline- or hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
    • Partovian C, Adnot S, Eddahibi S, et al: Heart and lung VEGF mRNA expression in rats with monocrotaline- or hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 275:H1948-H1956, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Partovian, C.1    Adnot, S.2    Eddahibi, S.3
  • 264
    • 0033725251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia modifies the effect of PDGF on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by primary human lung cells
    • Papakonstantinou E, Karakiulakis G, Tamm M, et al: Hypoxia modifies the effect of PDGF on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by primary human lung cells. Am J Physiol 279:L825-L834, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol , vol.279
    • Papakonstantinou, E.1    Karakiulakis, G.2    Tamm, M.3
  • 265
    • 0033844456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heparin-like molecules inhibit pulmonary vascular pericyte proliferation in vitro
    • Khoury J, Langleben D: Heparin-like molecules inhibit pulmonary vascular pericyte proliferation in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279:L252-L261, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.279
    • Khoury, J.1    Langleben, D.2
  • 266
    • 0032185232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production is mediated by platelet-activating factor and platelet-derived growth factor in primary human lung cells
    • Tamm M, Bihl M, Eickelberg O, et al: Hypoxia-induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 production is mediated by platelet-activating factor and platelet-derived growth factor in primary human lung cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:653-661, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.19 , pp. 653-661
    • Tamm, M.1    Bihl, M.2    Eickelberg, O.3
  • 267
    • 0031888729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia induces type II NOS gene expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells via HIF-1
    • Palmer LA, Semenza GL, Stoler MH, et al: Hypoxia induces type II NOS gene expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells via HIF-1. Am J Physiol 274:L212-L219, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.274
    • Palmer, L.A.1    Semenza, G.L.2    Stoler, M.H.3
  • 268
    • 0031753986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal, spatial, and oxygen-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the lung
    • Yu AY, Frid MG, Shimoda LA, et al: Temporal, spatial, and oxygen-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the lung. Am J Physiol 275:L818-L826, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Yu, A.Y.1    Frid, M.G.2    Shimoda, L.A.3
  • 269
    • 0029103274 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells
    • Liu Y, Cox SR, Morita T, et al: Hypoxia regulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in endothelial cells. Circ Res 77:638-643, 1995
    • (1995) Circ Res , vol.77 , pp. 638-643
    • Liu, Y.1    Cox, S.R.2    Morita, T.3
  • 270
    • 0033104847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired physiological responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
    • Yu AY, Shimoda LA, Iyer NV, et al: Impaired physiological responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. J Clin Invest 103:691-696, 1999
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 691-696
    • Yu, A.Y.1    Shimoda, L.A.2    Iyer, N.V.3
  • 271
    • 0033591346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-associated induction of early growth response-1 gene expression
    • Yan SF, Lu J, Zou YS, et al: Hypoxia-associated induction of early growth response-1 gene expression. J Biol Chem 274:15030-15040, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 15030-15040
    • Yan, S.F.1    Lu, J.2    Zou, Y.S.3
  • 272
    • 13144257677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue factor transcription driven by Egr-1 is a critical mechanism of murine pulmonary fibrin deposition in hypoxia
    • Yan SF, Zou YS, Gao Y, et al: Tissue factor transcription driven by Egr-1 is a critical mechanism of murine pulmonary fibrin deposition in hypoxia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:8298-8303, 1998
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.95 , pp. 8298-8303
    • Yan, S.F.1    Zou, Y.S.2    Gao, Y.3
  • 273
    • 0343517080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary expression of early growth response-1: Biphasic time course and effect of oxygen concentration
    • Yan SF, Lu J, Xu L, et al: Pulmonary expression of early growth response-1: Biphasic time course and effect of oxygen concentration. J Appl Physiol 88:2303-2309, 2000
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.88 , pp. 2303-2309
    • Yan, S.F.1    Lu, J.2    Xu, L.3
  • 274
    • 0029909386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor EGR-1 suppresses the growth and transformation of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells by induction of transforming growth factor beta 1
    • Liu C, Adamson E, Mercola D: Transcription factor EGR-1 suppresses the growth and transformation of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells by induction of transforming growth factor beta 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:11831-11836, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.93 , pp. 11831-11836
    • Liu, C.1    Adamson, E.2    Mercola, D.3
  • 275
    • 0028788227 scopus 로고
    • Interplay of Spl and Egr-1 in the proximal platelet-derived growth factor A-chain promoter in cultured vascular endothelial cells
    • Khachigian LM, Williams AJ, Collins T: Interplay of Spl and Egr-1 in the proximal platelet-derived growth factor A-chain promoter in cultured vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 270:27679-27686, 1995
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 27679-27686
    • Khachigian, L.M.1    Williams, A.J.2    Collins, T.3
  • 276
    • 0032132831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egr-1 and Spl interact functionally with the 5-lipoxygenase promoter and its naturally occurring mutants
    • Silverman ES, Du J, De Sanctis GT, et al: Egr-1 and Spl interact functionally with the 5-lipoxygenase promoter and its naturally occurring mutants. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:316-323, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.19 , pp. 316-323
    • Silverman, E.S.1    Du, J.2    De Sanctis, G.T.3
  • 277
    • 0033529709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Egr-1 mediates extracellular matrix-driven transcription of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in endothelium
    • Haas TL, Stitelman D, Davis SJ, et al: Egr-1 mediates extracellular matrix-driven transcription of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in endothelium. J Biol Chem 274:22679-22685, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 22679-22685
    • Haas, T.L.1    Stitelman, D.2    Davis, S.J.3
  • 278
    • 0035824538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cAMP response element-binding protein content is a molecular determinant of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration
    • Klemm DJ, Watson PA, Frid MG, et al: cAMP response element-binding protein content is a molecular determinant of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. J Biol Chem 276:46132-46141, 2001
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 46132-46141
    • Klemm, D.J.1    Watson, P.A.2    Frid, M.G.3
  • 279
    • 0033675619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain
    • Kito H, Chen EL, Wang X, et al: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in pulmonary endothelial cells exposed to cyclic strain. J Appl Physiol 89:2391-2400, 2000
    • (2000) J Appl Physiol , vol.89 , pp. 2391-2400
    • Kito, H.1    Chen, E.L.2    Wang, X.3
  • 280
    • 0035043126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinases in insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated effects in vascular endothelial cells
    • Liu W, Liu Y, Lowe WL: The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinases in insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated effects in vascular endothelial cells. Endocrinology 142:1710-1719, 2001
    • (2001) Endocrinology , vol.142 , pp. 1710-1719
    • Liu, W.1    Liu, Y.2    Lowe, W.L.3
  • 281
    • 0034623147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor-β1-induced activation of the ERK pathway/activator protein-1 in human lung fibroblasts requires the autocrine induction of basic fibroblast growth factor
    • Finlay GA, Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL, et al: Transforming growth factor-β1-induced activation of the ERK pathway/activator protein-1 in human lung fibroblasts requires the autocrine induction of basic fibroblast growth factor. J Biol Chem 275:27650-27656, 2000
    • (2000) J Biol Chem , vol.275 , pp. 27650-27656
    • Finlay, G.A.1    Thannickal, V.J.2    Fanburg, B.L.3
  • 282
    • 0034982994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulatory role of ERK MAPK-caldesmon pathway in PDGF-stimulated migration of cultured pulmonary artery SMCs
    • Yamboliev IA, Gerthoffer WT: Modulatory role of ERK MAPK-caldesmon pathway in PDGF-stimulated migration of cultured pulmonary artery SMCs. Am J Physiol 280:C1680-C1688, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.280
    • Yamboliev, I.A.1    Gerthoffer, W.T.2
  • 283
    • 0035880173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hypoxia induces constitutive p 38 mitogen activated protein kinase activity that correlates with enhanced cellular proliferation in fibroblasts from rat pulmonary but not systemic arteries
    • Welsh DJ, Peacock AJ, MacLean M, et al: Chronic hypoxia induces constitutive p38 mitogen activated protein kinase activity that correlates with enhanced cellular proliferation in fibroblasts from rat pulmonary but not systemic arteries. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:282-289, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 282-289
    • Welsh, D.J.1    Peacock, A.J.2    MacLean, M.3
  • 284
    • 0031783189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxic stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinases in pulmonary artery fibroblasts
    • Scott PH, Paul A, Belham CM, et al: Hypoxic stimulation of the stress-activated protein kinases in pulmonary artery fibroblasts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:958-962, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 958-962
    • Scott, P.H.1    Paul, A.2    Belham, C.M.3
  • 285
    • 0033746874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia activates Jun-N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and p38 kinase in pulmonary arteries
    • Jin N, Hatton N, Swartz DR, et al: Hypoxia activates Jun-N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and p38 kinase in pulmonary arteries. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23:593-601, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.23 , pp. 593-601
    • Jin, N.1    Hatton, N.2    Swartz, D.R.3
  • 286
    • 0035185221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kip1 is important in modulating pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation
    • Kip1 is important in modulating pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 25:652-658, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.25 , pp. 652-658
    • Fouty, B.W.1    Grimison, B.2    Fagan, K.A.3
  • 288
    • 0033230540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: Definition, mechanisms, and relevance to disease
    • Saikumar P, Dong Z, Mikhailov V, et al: Apoptosis: Definition, mechanisms, and relevance to disease. Am J Med 107:489-506, 1999
    • (1999) Am J Med , vol.107 , pp. 489-506
    • Saikumar, P.1    Dong, Z.2    Mikhailov, V.3
  • 289
    • 0034320568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of apoptosis
    • Reed JC: Mechanisms of apoptosis. Am J Pathol 157:1415-1430, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.157 , pp. 1415-1430
    • Reed, J.C.1
  • 290
    • 0035008293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • + channels induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 280:C970-C979, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.280
    • Krick, S.1    Platoshyn, O.2    Sweeney, M.3
  • 291
    • 0034811051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channel activity and enhances survival in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • + channel activity and enhances survival in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 281:C157-C165, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.281
    • Ekhterae, D.1    Platoshyn, O.2    Krick, S.3
  • 292
    • 0032491187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with priman/primary pulmonary hypertension
    • + channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with priman/primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 98:1400-1406, 1998
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1400-1406
    • Yuan, J.X.-J.1    Aldinger, A.M.2    Juhaszova, M.3
  • 293
    • 0034984751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas 6 promotes Axl-mediated survival in pulmonary endothelial cells
    • Healy AM, Schwartz JJ, Zhu X, et al: Gas 6 promotes Axl-mediated survival in pulmonary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 280:L1273-L1281, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Physiol , vol.280
    • Healy, A.M.1    Schwartz, J.J.2    Zhu, X.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.