메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 696-704

Toll-like receptors and gastrointestinal diseases: From bench to bedside?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CHLOROQUINE; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 8; LIGAND; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN; QUINOLINE; RANTES; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; VACCINE;

EID: 0036827931     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001574-200211000-00011     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 0037066502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system
    • Medzhitov R, Janeway CA, Jr: Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science 2002, 296:298-300. See annotation to 2, below.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 298-300
    • Medzhitov, R.1    Janeway C.A., Jr.2
  • 2
    • 0035524488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors and innate immunity
    • Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nature Rev Immunol 2001, 1:135-145. References 1 and 2 represent excellent reviews on the current concept of pattern recognition and knowledge of TLR in host defense.
    • (2001) Nature Rev Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 135-145
    • Medzhitov, R.1
  • 3
    • 0037080024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue expression of human toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines
    • Zarember KA, Godowski PJ: Tissue expression of human toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J Immunol 2002, 168:554-561.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 554-561
    • Zarember, K.A.1    Godowski, P.J.2
  • 4
    • 0034650930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing toll-like receptors
    • Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, et al.: Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing toll-like receptors. J Immunol 2000, 164:966-972.
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.164 , pp. 966-972
    • Cario, E.1    Rosenberg, I.M.2    Brandwein, S.L.3
  • 5
    • 0034977290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide stimulates toll-like receptor 4 and activates mitogen oxidase 1 in gastric pit cells
    • Kawahara T, Teshima S, Oka A, et al.: Type I Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide stimulates toll-like receptor 4 and activates mitogen oxidase 1 in gastric pit cells. Infect Immun 2001, 69:4382-4389. See annotation to 30, below.
    • (2001) Infect Immun , vol.69 , pp. 4382-4389
    • Kawahara, T.1    Teshima, S.2    Oka, A.3
  • 6
    • 0035069387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an innate immune response in the immature human intestine: Toll-like receptors on fetal enterocytes
    • Fusunyan RD, Nanthakumar NN, Baldeon ME, et al.: Evidence for an innate immune response in the immature human intestine: toll-like receptors on fetal enterocytes. Pediatric Res 2001, 49:589-593.
    • (2001) Pediatric Res , vol.49 , pp. 589-593
    • Fusunyan, R.D.1    Nanthakumar, N.N.2    Baldeon, M.E.3
  • 7
    • 0035451799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal macrophages lack CD14 and CD89 and consequently are down-regulated for LPS- and IgA-mediated activities
    • Smith PD, Smythies LE, Mosteller-Barnum M, et al.: Intestinal macrophages lack CD14 and CD89 and consequently are down-regulated for LPS- and IgA-mediated activities. J Immunol 2001, 167:2651-2656.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 2651-2656
    • Smith, P.D.1    Smythies, L.E.2    Mosteller-Barnum, M.3
  • 8
    • 0034279764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatocyte toll-like receptor 2 expression in vivo and in vitro: Role of cytokines in induction of rat TLR2 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide
    • Liu S, Salyapongse AN, Geller DA, et al.: Hepatocyte toll-like receptor 2 expression in vivo and in vitro: role of cytokines in induction of rat TLR2 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide. Shock 2000, 14:361-365.
    • (2000) Shock , vol.14 , pp. 361-365
    • Liu, S.1    Salyapongse, A.N.2    Geller, D.A.3
  • 9
    • 0035865249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of MyD88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1β
    • Seki E, Tsutsui H, Nakano H, et al.: Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of MyD88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1β. J Immunol 2001, 166:2651-2657.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 2651-2657
    • Seki, E.1    Tsutsui, H.2    Nakano, H.3
  • 10
    • 0034950477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the mechanism of early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
    • Uesugi T, Froh M, Arteel GE, et al.: Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in the mechanism of early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2001, 34:101-108.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 101-108
    • Uesugi, T.1    Froh, M.2    Arteel, G.E.3
  • 11
    • 0036144233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal-associated molecular patterns induce selective toll-like receptor-trafficking from apical membrane to cytoplasmic compartments in polarized intestinal epithelium
    • Cario E, Brown D, McKee M, et al.: Commensal-associated molecular patterns induce selective toll-like receptor-trafficking from apical membrane to cytoplasmic compartments in polarized intestinal epithelium. Am J Pathol 2002, 160:165-173.
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.160 , pp. 165-173
    • Cario, E.1    Brown, D.2    McKee, M.3
  • 12
    • 0035881675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed tlr5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression
    • Gewirtz AT, Navas TA, Lyons S, et al.: Cutting edge: bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed tlr5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression. J Immunol 2001, 167:1882-1885. This important work shows that TLR5 is preferentially expressed at the basolateral pole of IEC, thus being enabled to transmit signals to flagellin, which when added apically does not elicit immune responses.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 1882-1885
    • Gewirtz, A.T.1    Navas, T.A.2    Lyons, S.3
  • 13
    • 0034795208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 is required for innate immunity but not cell viability
    • Randow F, Seed B: Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96 is required for innate immunity but not cell viability. Nat Cell Biol 2001, 3:891-896.
    • (2001) Nat Cell Biol , vol.3 , pp. 891-896
    • Randow, F.1    Seed, B.2
  • 14
    • 0037018107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells
    • Hornef MW, Frisan T, Vandewalle A, et al.: Toll-like receptor 4 resides in the Golgi apparatus and colocalizes with internalized lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2002, 195:559-570. The authors make an interesting morphologic observation: TLR4 resides in the Golgi of IEC, associated with endocytosed LPS: however, the cellular function remains to be shown.
    • (2002) J Exp Med , vol.195 , pp. 559-570
    • Hornef, M.W.1    Frisan, T.2    Vandewalle, A.3
  • 15
    • 0035165287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Functional interactions between toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin
    • Hajjar AM, O'Mahony DS, Ozinsky A, et al.: Cutting edge: Functional interactions between toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin. J Immunol 2001, 166:15-19.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 15-19
    • Hajjar, A.M.1    O'Mahony, D.S.2    Ozinsky, A.3
  • 16
    • 0035879283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation of toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein: Role of toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in toll-like receptor 2 signaling
    • Bulut Y, Faure E, Thomas L, et al.: Cooperation of toll-like receptor 2 and 6 for cellular activation by soluble tuberculosis factor and Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein: Role of toll-interacting protein and IL-1 receptor signaling molecules in toll-like receptor 2 signaling. J Immunol 2001, 167:987-994.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 987-994
    • Bulut, Y.1    Faure, E.2    Thomas, L.3
  • 17
    • 0037025399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extracellular toll-like receptor 2 domain directly binds peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus aureus
    • Iwaki D, Mitsuzawa H, Murakami S, et al.: The extracellular toll-like receptor 2 domain directly binds peptidoglycan derived from Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:24315-24320.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 24315-24320
    • Iwaki, D.1    Mitsuzawa, H.2    Murakami, S.3
  • 18
    • 0035856990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein
    • Michel T, Reichhart JM, Hoffmann JA, et al.: Drosophila toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature 2001, 414:756-759.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 756-759
    • Michel, T.1    Reichhart, J.M.2    Hoffmann, J.A.3
  • 19
    • 0035860732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: A novel family of four human innate immunity pattern recognition molecules
    • Liu C, Xu Z, Gupta D, et al.: Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: A novel family of four human innate immunity pattern recognition molecules. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:34686-34694.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 34686-34694
    • Liu, C.1    Xu, Z.2    Gupta, D.3
  • 20
    • 0037061482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional genomic analysis of phagocytosis and identification of a Drosophila receptor for E. coli
    • Ramet M, Manfruelli P, Pearson A, et al.: Functional genomic analysis of phagocytosis and identification of a Drosophila receptor for E. coli. Nature 2002, 416:644-648.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 644-648
    • Ramet, M.1    Manfruelli, P.2    Pearson, A.3
  • 21
    • 0037066464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) in Relish activation and antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila
    • Choe KM, Werner T, Stoven S, et al.: Requirement for a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) in Relish activation and antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila. Science 2002, 296:359-362.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 359-362
    • Choe, K.M.1    Werner, T.2    Stoven, S.3
  • 22
    • 0037061450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein
    • Gottar M, Gobert V, Michel T, et al.: The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature 2002, 416:640-644.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 640-644
    • Gottar, M.1    Gobert, V.2    Michel, T.3
  • 23
    • 0034445697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Cario E, Podolsky DK: Differential alteration in intestinal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 in inflammatory bowel disease. Infect Immun 2000, 68:7010-7017.
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , pp. 7010-7017
    • Cario, E.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 24
    • 0035877718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex. Transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2
    • da Silva Correia J, Soldau K, Christen U, et al.: Lipopolysaccharide is in close proximity to each of the proteins in its membrane receptor complex. Transfer from CD14 to TLR4 and MD-2. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:21129-21135.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 21129-21135
    • Da Silva Correia, J.1    Soldau, K.2    Christen, U.3
  • 25
    • 0034669971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella lipopolysaccharides
    • Tapping RI, Akashi S, Miyake K, et al.: Toll-like receptor 4, but not toll-like receptor 2, is a signaling receptor for Escherichia and Salmonella lipopolysaccharides. J Immunol 2000, 165:5780-5787.
    • (2000) J Immunol , vol.165 , pp. 5780-5787
    • Tapping, R.I.1    Akashi, S.2    Miyake, K.3
  • 26
    • 0035500862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharides from distinct pathogens induce different classes of immune responses in vivo
    • Pulendran B, Kumar P, Cutler CW, et al.: Lipopolysaccharides from distinct pathogens induce different classes of immune responses in vivo. J Immunol 2001, 167:5067-5076.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 5067-5076
    • Pulendran, B.1    Kumar, P.2    Cutler, C.W.3
  • 27
    • 0036498687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the shape of lipid A determine the interaction of LPS with toll-like receptors?
    • Netea MG, van Deuren M, Kullberg BJ, et al.: Does the shape of lipid A determine the interaction of LPS with toll-like receptors? Trends Immunol 2002, 23:135-139.
    • (2002) Trends Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 135-139
    • Netea, M.G.1    Van Deuren, M.2    Kullberg, B.J.3
  • 29
    • 0030772159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori infection activates NF-kappa B in gastric epithelial cells
    • Keates S, Hitti YS, Upton M, et al.: Helicobacter pylori infection activates NF-kappa B in gastric epithelial cells. Gastroenterology 1997, 113:1099-1109.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 1099-1109
    • Keates, S.1    Hitti, Y.S.2    Upton, M.3
  • 30
    • 0035977010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-mediated NF-kappa B activation between gastric cancer cells and monocytic cells
    • Maeda S, Akanuma M, Mitsuno Y, et al.: Distinct mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-mediated NF-kappa B activation between gastric cancer cells and monocytic cells. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:44856-44864. Both this and references 5 suggest a novel role for TLR4 in mediating Helicobacter pylori-induced activation of immune responses in monocytes and gastric epithelial cells. These findings may have further impact on our understanding of the etiology of H. pylori-induced diseases.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 44856-44864
    • Maeda, S.1    Akanuma, M.2    Mitsuno, Y.3
  • 31
    • 0036569813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 is required for optimal development of th2 immune responses: Role of dendritic cells
    • Dabbagh K, Dahl ME, Stepick-Biek P, et al.: Toll-like receptor 4 is required for optimal development of th2 immune responses: Role of dendritic cells. J Immunol 2002, 168:4524-4530.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 4524-4530
    • Dabbagh, K.1    Dahl, M.E.2    Stepick-Biek, P.3
  • 32
    • 0035923513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells
    • Sierro F, Dubois B, Coste A, et al.: Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98:13722-13727.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 13722-13727
    • Sierro, F.1    Dubois, B.2    Coste, A.3
  • 33
    • 0034619794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
    • Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, et al.: A toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA. Nature 2000, 408:740-745.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 740-745
    • Hemmi, H.1    Takeuchi, O.2    Kawai, T.3
  • 34
    • 0035477969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Role of toll-like receptor 9 in cpg dna-induced activation of human cells
    • Takeshita F, Leifer CA, Gursel I, et al.: Cutting edge: Role of toll-like receptor 9 in cpg dna-induced activation of human cells. J Immunol 2001, 167:3555-3558.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 3555-3558
    • Takeshita, F.1    Leifer, C.A.2    Gursel, I.3
  • 35
    • 0034777579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12
    • Krug A, Towarowski A, Britsch S, et al.: Toll-like receptor expression reveals CpG DNA as a unique microbial stimulus for plasmacytoid dendritic cells which synergizes with CD40 ligand to induce high amounts of IL-12. Eur J Immunol 2001, 31:3026-3037.
    • (2001) Eur J Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 3026-3037
    • Krug, A.1    Towarowski, A.2    Britsch, S.3
  • 36
    • 0036241068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis
    • Rachmilewitz D, Karmeli F, Takabayashi K, et al.: Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:1428-1441. This remarkable study shows that synthetic oligonucleotide analogs, derived from bacterial DNA, inhibit the damage to the colonic mucosa in chemically induced colitis in mice and, thereby, limit subsequent intestinal inflammation, thus, implying novel options to adjuvant desired immune responses in the gut.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 1428-1441
    • Rachmilewitz, D.1    Karmeli, F.2    Takabayashi, K.3
  • 37
    • 0035321325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria
    • Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, et al.: Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:361-367.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 361-367
    • Rescigno, M.1    Urbano, M.2    Valzasina, B.3
  • 38
    • 0036570169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides
    • Hornung V, Rothenfusser S, Britsch S, et al.: Quantitative expression of toll-like receptor 1-10 mRNA in cellular subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sensitivity to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Immunol 2002, 168:4531-4537.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 4531-4537
    • Hornung, V.1    Rothenfusser, S.2    Britsch, S.3
  • 39
    • 0035889873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism
    • Adachi K, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura SI, et al.: Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2001, 167:5928-5934.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 5928-5934
    • Adachi, K.1    Tsutsui, H.2    Kashiwamura, S.I.3
  • 40
    • 0036569437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence of apoptosis-inducing and preventing signals in bacteria-faced macrophages through myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase members
    • Ruckdeschel K, Mannel O, Schrottner P: Divergence of apoptosis-inducing and preventing signals in bacteria-faced macrophages through myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase members. J Immunol 2002, 168:4601-4611.
    • (2002) J Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 4601-4611
    • Ruckdeschel, K.1    Mannel, O.2    Schrottner, P.3
  • 41
    • 0035865198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates HIV long terminal repeat through toll-like receptor 4
    • Equils O, Faure E, Thomas L, et al.: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates HIV long terminal repeat through toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol 2001, 166:2342-2347.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 2342-2347
    • Equils, O.1    Faure, E.2    Thomas, L.3
  • 42
    • 0037133308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murine retroviruses activate B cells via interaction with toll-like receptor 4
    • Rassa JC, Meyers JL, Zhang Y, et al.: Murine retroviruses activate B cells via interaction with toll-like receptor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002, 99:2281-2286.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , pp. 2281-2286
    • Rassa, J.C.1    Meyers, J.L.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 43
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, et al.: Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001, 413:732-738.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-738
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3
  • 44
    • 0035903288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens
    • Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S, et al.: Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med 2001, 194:863-869.
    • (2001) J Exp Med , vol.194 , pp. 863-869
    • Kadowaki, N.1    Ho, S.2    Antonenko, S.3
  • 45
    • 0035210242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sepsis begins at the interface of pathogen and host
    • Beutler B: Sepsis begins at the interface of pathogen and host. Biochem Soc Trans 2001, 29:853-859.
    • (2001) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.29 , pp. 853-859
    • Beutler, B.1
  • 46
    • 0035877013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An essential role of the NF-kappa B/toll-like receptor pathway in induction of inflammatory and tissue-repair gene expression by necrotic cells
    • Li M, Carpio DF, Zheng Y, et al.: An essential role of the NF-kappa B/toll-like receptor pathway in induction of inflammatory and tissue-repair gene expression by necrotic cells. J Immunol 2001, 166:7128-7135. This study implicates that necrosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage provide "non-self" danger signals that may function as major inducers of tissue repair responses via TLR.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7128-7135
    • Li, M.1    Carpio, D.F.2    Zheng, Y.3
  • 47
    • 0000102549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel signal transduction pathway used by extracellular HSP70: Role of TLR2 and TLR4
    • Asea A, Rehli M, Kabingu E, et al.: Novel signal transduction pathway used by extracellular HSP70: Role of TLR2 and TLR4. J Biol Chem 2002, 8:8.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.8 , pp. 8
    • Asea, A.1    Rehli, M.2    Kabingu, E.3
  • 48
    • 0035903158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocytosed HSP60s use toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to activate the toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway in innate immune cells
    • Vabulas RM, Ahmad-Nejad P, da Costa C, et al.: Endocytosed HSP60s use toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 to activate the toll/interleukin-1 receptor signaling pathway in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:31332-31339.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 31332-31339
    • Vabulas, R.M.1    Ahmad-Nejad, P.2    Da Costa, C.3
  • 49
    • 0000665909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of toll-like receptors by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between human intestinal epithelial and monocytic cell lines
    • abstract; presented at Digestive Disease Week 2001
    • Suzuki M, Podolsky DK: Differential regulation of toll-like receptors by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines between human intestinal epithelial and monocytic cell lines. Gastroenterology 2001, 120:A-326 [abstract; presented at Digestive Disease Week 2001]. The authors show for the first time that pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines regulate intestinal epithelial TLR expression, which is modulated distinctly from that observed in monocytes, suggesting differing roles of TLR in the surface epithelium compared with the underlying lamina propria.
    • (2001) Gastroenterology , vol.120
    • Suzuki, M.1    Podolsky, D.K.2
  • 50
    • 0037036469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4 and MD-2 are regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epithelial cells
    • Abreu MT, Arnold ET, Thomas LS, et al.: TLR4 and MD-2 are regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:20431-20437.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 20431-20437
    • Abreu, M.T.1    Arnold, E.T.2    Thomas, L.S.3
  • 51
    • 0035153786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces transforming growth factor-β and hepatocyte growth factor through toll-like receptor 2 in cultured human colon cancer cells
    • Yoshioka Y, Morimoto Y, Iwagaki H, et al.: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces transforming growth factor-β and hepatocyte growth factor through toll-like receptor 2 in cultured human colon cancer cells. J Int Med Res 2001, 29:409-420.
    • (2001) J Int Med Res , vol.29 , pp. 409-420
    • Yoshioka, Y.1    Morimoto, Y.2    Iwagaki, H.3
  • 52
    • 0036180196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitous production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by human gastric and intestinal epithelium
    • Maaser C, Eckmann L, Paesold G, et al.: Ubiquitous production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by human gastric and intestinal epithelium. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:667-680.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology , vol.122 , pp. 667-680
    • Maaser, C.1    Eckmann, L.2    Paesold, G.3
  • 53
    • 17944369782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of chronic colitis is dependent on the cytokine MIF
    • de Jong YP, Abadia-Molina AC, Satoskar AR, et al.: Development of chronic colitis is dependent on the cytokine MIF. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:1061-1066.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 1061-1066
    • De Jong, Y.P.1    Abadia-Molina, A.C.2    Satoskar, A.R.3
  • 54
    • 0035924325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIF regulates innate immune responses through modulation of toll-like receptor 4
    • Roger T, David J, Glauser MP, et al.: MIF regulates innate immune responses through modulation of toll-like receptor 4. Nature 2001, 414:920-924.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 920-924
    • Roger, T.1    David, J.2    Glauser, M.P.3
  • 55
    • 0035813157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells
    • Re F, Strominger JL: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 differentially activate human dendritic cells. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:37692-37699.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 37692-37699
    • Re, F.1    Strominger, J.L.2
  • 56
    • 0035190972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein
    • Birchler T, Seibl R, Buchner K, et al.: Human Toll-like receptor 2 mediates induction of the antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 2 in response to bacterial lipoprotein. Eur J Immunol 2001, 31:3131-3137. The authors show that TLR2 induces production of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 2 in mammalian cells, which plays a key role in host defense of the intestinal epithelium.
    • (2001) Eur J Immunol , vol.31 , pp. 3131-3137
    • Birchler, T.1    Seibl, R.2    Buchner, K.3
  • 57
    • 0036216443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of antimicrobial neutrophil defensins in epithelial cells of active inflammatory bowel disease mucosa
    • Cunliffe RN, Kamal M, Rose FR, et al.: Expression of antimicrobial neutrophil defensins in epithelial cells of active inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. J Clin Pathol 2002, 55:298-304.
    • (2002) J Clin Pathol , vol.55 , pp. 298-304
    • Cunliffe, R.N.1    Kamal, M.2    Rose, F.R.3
  • 58
    • 0037061453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin-IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and toll-like receptors
    • Leadbetter EA, Rifkin IR, Hohlbaum AM, et al.: Chromatin-IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and toll-like receptors. Nature 2002, 416:603-607. Effective activation of rheumatoid factor+ B cells is mediated by IgG2a-chromatin immune complexes and requires the synergistic engagement of the antigen recep. tor and TLR9. These data may establish an essential link between the innate and adaptive immune systems in the development of systemic autoimmune disease.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 603-607
    • Leadbetter, E.A.1    Rifkin, I.R.2    Hohlbaum, A.M.3
  • 59
    • 0035555301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TIRAP: An adapter molecule in the toll signaling pathway
    • Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R: TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the toll signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:835-841. See annotation to 60.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 835-841
    • Horng, T.1    Barton, G.M.2    Medzhitov, R.3
  • 60
    • 0035817925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction
    • Fitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott EM, Bowie AG, et al.: Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. Nature 2001, 413:78-83. The authors of references 59 and 60 have identified a new adaptor protein called TIRAP (or Mal), which was shown to function downstream of TLR4, independent from MyD88. Thus, TLR4 uses two adaptors-MyD88 and TIRAP-which control activation of distinct signal transduction pathways.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 78-83
    • Fitzgerald, K.A.1    Palsson-McDermott, E.M.2    Bowie, A.G.3
  • 61
    • 0036510366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated signaling by Tollip
    • Zhang G, Ghosh S: Negative regulation of toll-like receptor-mediated signaling by Tollip. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:7059-7065.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 7059-7065
    • Zhang, G.1    Ghosh, S.2
  • 62
    • 0037129212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe impairment of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling in mice lacking IRAK-4
    • Suzuki N, Suzuki S, Duncan GS, et al.: Severe impairment of interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling in mice lacking IRAK-4. Nature 2002, 416:750-756.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 750-756
    • Suzuki, N.1    Suzuki, S.2    Duncan, G.S.3
  • 63
    • 17944380130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CARD4/Nodl mediates NF-kappaB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri
    • Girardin SE, Tournebize R, Mavris M, et al.: CARD4/Nodl mediates NF-kappaB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri. EMBO Rep 2001, 2:736-742. The authors show that invasive enteric bacteria may induce NF-κB activation via Nod1 in IEC-independent from TLR signaling.
    • (2001) EMBO Rep , vol.2 , pp. 736-742
    • Girardin, S.E.1    Tournebize, R.2    Mavris, M.3
  • 64
    • 0035951792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human nod 1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides
    • Inohara N, Ogura Y, Chen FF, et al.: Human nod 1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:2551-2554.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 2551-2554
    • Inohara, N.1    Ogura, Y.2    Chen, F.F.3
  • 65
    • 0032479145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RIP2 is a novel NF-kappaB-activating and cell death-inducing kinase
    • McCarthy JV, Ni J, Dixit VM: RIP2 is a novel NF-kappaB-activating and cell death-inducing kinase. J Biol Chem 1998, 273: 16968-16975.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 16968-16975
    • McCarthy, J.V.1    Ni, J.2    Dixit, V.M.3
  • 66
    • 0037075551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems
    • Kobayashi K, Inohara N, Hernandez LD, et al.: RICK/Rip2/CARDIAK mediates signalling for receptors of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Nature 2002, 416:194-199. See annotation to 67.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 194-199
    • Kobayashi, K.1    Inohara, N.2    Hernandez, L.D.3
  • 67
    • 0037075549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses
    • Chin AI, Dempsey PW, Bruhn K, et al.: Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses. Nature 2002, 416:190-194. References 66 and 67 provide first evidence that Rip interconnects the TLR- and Nod-signaling pathways. Rip is an important checkpoint of diverse signal transducers for both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 190-194
    • Chin, A.I.1    Dempsey, P.W.2    Bruhn, K.3
  • 68
    • 0035978533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • Ogura Y, Bonen DK, Inohara N, et al.: A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001, 411:603-608.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 603-608
    • Ogura, Y.1    Bonen, D.K.2    Inohara, N.3
  • 69
    • 0035978651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease
    • Hugot JP, Chamalliard M, Zouali H, et al.: Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature 2001, 411: 599-603.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 599-603
    • Hugot, J.P.1    Chamalliard, M.2    Zouali, H.3
  • 70
    • 0035873326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms that maintains unresponsiveness of the intestinal mucosal immune system
    • Bu P, Keshavarzian A, Stone DD, et al.: Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms that maintains unresponsiveness of the intestinal mucosal immune system. J Immunol 2001, 166:6399-6403.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 6399-6403
    • Bu, P.1    Keshavarzian, A.2    Stone, D.D.3
  • 71
    • 0034906019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity and apoptosis: The Crohn's connection
    • Beutler B: Autoimmunity and apoptosis: The Crohn's connection. Immunity 2001, 15:5-14.
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.15 , pp. 5-14
    • Beutler, B.1
  • 72
    • 0034828699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide induces apoptosis of cultured guinea pig gastric mucosal cells
    • Kawahara T, Teshima S, Kuwano Y, et al.: Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide induces apoptosis of cultured guinea pig gastric mucosal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001, 281:G726-734.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol , vol.281
    • Kawahara, T.1    Teshima, S.2    Kuwano, Y.3
  • 73
    • 0034577944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1 - dependent pathway
    • Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, et al.: Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1 - dependent pathway. Nat Immunol 2000, 1:533-540.
    • (2000) Nat Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 533-540
    • Arbibe, L.1    Mira, J.P.2    Teusch, N.3
  • 74
    • 0036222241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-beta-induced STAT1alpha/beta-dependent gene expression in macrophages
    • Toshchakov V, Jones BW, Perera PY, et al.: TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-beta-induced STAT1alpha/beta-dependent gene expression in macrophages. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:392-398. This study demonstrates that the TLR4 agonist LPS activates STAT1 which is dependent from IFN-β. In contrast, TLR2 agonists failed to induce STAT1-dependent genes, which may have resulted from the inability to express IFN-β. The authors conclude that these findings may provide a mechanistic basis for differential patterns of gene expression activated by different TLR.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 392-398
    • Toshchakov, V.1    Jones, B.W.2    Perera, P.Y.3
  • 75
    • 0035877256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and SOCS-3 are induced by CpG-DNA and modulate cytokine responses in APCs
    • Dalpke AH, Opper S, Zimmermann S, et al.: Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 and SOCS-3 are induced by CpG-DNA and modulate cytokine responses in APCs. J Immunol 2001, 166:7082-7089.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 7082-7089
    • Dalpke, A.H.1    Opper, S.2    Zimmermann, S.3
  • 76
    • 0034775153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses
    • Schnare M, Barton GM, Holt AC, et al.: Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol 2001, 2:947-950. The authors show that MyD88-deficient mice have a profound defect in the activation of antigen- specific T helper type 1 (TH1) but not TH2 immune responses. These results suggest that distinct pathways of the innate immune system control activation of the two effector arms of adaptive immunity.
    • (2001) Nat Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 947-950
    • Schnare, M.1    Barton, G.M.2    Holt, A.C.3
  • 77
    • 0035424901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased expression of toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
    • Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, et al.: Decreased expression of toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 2001, 167:1609-1616. The authors propose an interesting concept of intestinal epithelial tolerance by showing that IEC may limit dysregulated LPS signaling by downregulating expres. sion of MD-2 and TLR4.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 1609-1616
    • Abreu, M.T.1    Vora, P.2    Faure, E.3
  • 78
    • 0035500281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential induction of endotoxin tolerance by lipopolysaccharides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli
    • Martin M, Katz J, Vogel SN, et al.: Differential induction of endotoxin tolerance by lipopolysaccharides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli. J Immunol 2001, 167:5278-5285.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.167 , pp. 5278-5285
    • Martin, M.1    Katz, J.2    Vogel, S.N.3
  • 79
    • 0003267790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-tolerance of TLR ligands in intestinal epithelial cells
    • in press
    • Otte JM, Cario E, Podolsky DK: Cross-tolerance of TLR ligands in intestinal epithelial cells [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2002; in press.
    • (2002) Gastroenterology
    • Otte, J.M.1    Cario, E.2    Podolsky, D.K.3
  • 80
    • 0036131119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of bacterial protein adhesins on toll-like receptors for proinfiammatory cytokine induction
    • Hajishengallis G, Martin M, Sojar HT, et al.: Dependence of bacterial protein adhesins on toll-like receptors for proinfiammatory cytokine induction. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002, 9:403-411.
    • (2002) Clin Diagn Lab Immunol , vol.9 , pp. 403-411
    • Hajishengallis, G.1    Martin, M.2    Sojar, H.T.3
  • 81
    • 0035871626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cross-tolerance by lipopolysaccharide and highly purified lipoteichoic acid via different toll-like receptors independent of paracrine mediators
    • Lehner MD, Morath S, Michelsen KS, et al.: Induction of cross-tolerance by lipopolysaccharide and highly purified lipoteichoic acid via different toll-like receptors independent of paracrine mediators. J Immunol 2001, 166:5161-5167.
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 5161-5167
    • Lehner, M.D.1    Morath, S.2    Michelsen, K.S.3
  • 82
    • 0037151080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gram-negative flagellin-induced self-tolerance is associated with a block in IRAK release from TLR5
    • Mizel SB, Snipes JA: Gram-negative flagellin-induced self-tolerance is associated with a block in IRAK release from TLR5. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:22414-22420. A novel mechanism of TLR control of tolerance has recently been implied by this study showing that flagellin-induced self-tolerance is associated with a block in the release of IRAK from TLR5.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 22414-22420
    • Mizel, S.B.1    Snipes, J.A.2
  • 83
    • 0034084438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans
    • Arbour NC, Lorenz E, Schutte BC, et al.: TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans. Nat Genet 2000, 25:187-191.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.25 , pp. 187-191
    • Arbour, N.C.1    Lorenz, E.2    Schutte, B.C.3
  • 84
    • 0034858551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of TLR4 mutations and the risk for acute GVHD after HLA- matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Lorenz E, Schwartz DA, Martin PJ, et al.: Association of TLR4 mutations and the risk for acute GVHD after HLA- matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001, 7:384-387.
    • (2001) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant , vol.7 , pp. 384-387
    • Lorenz, E.1    Schwartz, D.A.2    Martin, P.J.3
  • 85
    • 0036008014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway
    • Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, et al.: Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. Nat Immunol 2002, 3:196-200. TLR7 was recently identified by this group as the mediator of diverse antiviral compound recognition and subsequent induction of innate immune responses.
    • (2002) Nat Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 196-200
    • Hemmi, H.1    Kaisho, T.2    Takeuchi, O.3
  • 86
    • 0005006652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids synergistically enhance nontypeable Haemophilus infiuenzae-induced toll-like receptor 2 expression via a negative cross talk with p38 MAP kinase
    • Shuto T, Imasato A, Jono H, et al.: Glucocorticoids synergistically enhance nontypeable Haemophilus infiuenzae-induced toll-like receptor 2 expression via a negative cross talk with p38 MAP kinase. J Biol Chem 2002, 26:26.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 26
    • Shuto, T.1    Imasato, A.2    Jono, H.3
  • 87
    • 0035061328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal immune network in the gut for the control of infectious diseases
    • Iijima H, Takahashi I, Kiyono H: Mucosal immune network in the gut for the control of infectious diseases. Rev Med Virol 2001, 11:117-133.
    • (2001) Rev Med Virol , vol.11 , pp. 117-133
    • Iijima, H.1    Takahashi, I.2    Kiyono, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.