Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-κB activation requires a Rac I-dependent pathway

Nature Immunology

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 533-540

  Arbibe, Laurence ^a   Mira, Jean Paul ^a,c   Teusch, Nicole ^a   Kline, Lois ^a   Guha, Mausumee ^a   Mackman, Nigel ^a   Godowski, Paul J ^b   Ulevitch, Richard J ^a   Knaus, Ulla G ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b GENENTECH INC   (United States)

^c Institut Cochin   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AKT1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR; DROSOPHILA PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; ONCOPROTEIN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHOTYROSINE; PROTEIN CDC42; PROTEIN KINASE B; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; RAC1 PROTEIN; TLR2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CELL LINE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS;

1-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN; CELL LINE; DROSOPHILA PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NF-KAPPA B; PHOSPHOTYROSINE; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-AKT; RAC1 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; TRANSFECTION;

EID: 0034577944     PISSN: 15292908     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/82797     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Aderem, A. & Ulevitch, R. J. Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response. Nature 406, 782-787 (2000).
2. Kopp, E. B. & Medzhitov, R. The Toll-receptor family and control of innate immunity. Curr. Op. Immunol. 11, 13-18 (1999).
3. Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P. & Janeway, C.A. A human homologue of the Drosophilia Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388, 394-397 (1997).
4. Lemaitre, B., Reichhart, J. M. & Hoffmann, J. A. Drosophila host defense: differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after induction by various classes of microorganisms. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 14614-14619 (1997).
5. Rock, F. L., Hardiman, G., Timans, J. C., Kastelein, R. A., & Bazan, J. F. A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 588-593 (1998).
6. Takeuchi, O. et al. Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. Immunity 11, 443-451 (1999).
7. Yoshimura, A. et al. Recognition of Gram-positive bacterial wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2. J. Immunol. 163, 1-5 (1999).
8. Schwandner, R., Dziarski, R., Wesche, H., Rothe, M. & Kirschning, C. J. Peptidoglycan- and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 17406-17409 (1999).
9. Brightbill, H. D. et al. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science 285, 732-736 (1999).
10. Kirschning, C. J., Wesche, H., Ayres, T. M. & Rothe, M. Human toll-like receptor 2 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 188, 2091-2097 (1998).
11. Yang, R. -B. et al. Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signaling. Nature 395, 284-288 (1998).
12. Hirschfeld, M., Ma, Y., Weis, J. H., Vogel, S. N. & Weis, J. J. Repurification of lipopolysaccharide eliminates signaling through both human and murine Toll-like receptor 2. J. Immunol 165, 618-622 (2000).
13. Bowie, A. & O'Neil, L. A. J. The interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like receptor superfamily: signal generators for pro-inflammatory interleukins and microbial products. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67, 508-514 (2000).
14. Irie, T., Muta, T. & Takeshige, K. TAK1 mediates an activation signal from toll-like receptors to nuclear factor-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. FEBS Lett. 467, 160-164 (2000).
15. Mercurio, F. & Manning, A. M. Multiple signals converging on NF-κB. Curr. Op. Cell Biol. 11, 226-232 (1999).
16. Zandi, E. & Karin, M. Bridging the gap: composition, regulation, and physiological function of the IκB kinase complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4547-4551 (1999).
17. Zhong, H., Sutang, H., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Tempst, P. & Ghosh, S. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB is regulated by the IκB-associated PKA subunit through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Cell 89, 413-424 (1997).
18. Van der Berghe, W. et al. p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways are required for nuclear factor κB p65 transactivation mediated by tumor necrosis factor. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3285-3290 (1998).
19. Sizemore, N., Leung S. & Stark, G. R. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in response to interteukin-1 leads to phosphorylation and activation of the NF-κB p65/RelA subunit. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 4798-4805 (1999).
20. Jefferies, C. A. & O'Neil, L. A. J. Rac1 regulates Interleukin 1-induced nuclear factor κB activation in an inhibitory protein κB-independent manner by enhancing the ability of the p65 subunit to transactivate gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 3114-3120 (2000).
21. Van Aelst, L. & D'Souza-Schorey, C. Rho GTPases and signaling networks. Genes Dev. 11, 2295-2322 (1997).
22. Chen, L. -M., Hobbie, S. & Galan, J. E. Requirement of Cdc42 for Salmonella-induced cytoskeletal and nuclear responses. Science 274, 2115-2118 (1996).
23. Lee, D. J., Cox, D., Li, J. & Greenberg, S. Rac1 and Cdc42 are required for phagocytosis but not NF-κB-dependent gene expression, in macrophages challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 141-146 (2000).
24. Knaus, U. G., Heyworth, P. G., Evans, T., Curnutte, J. T. & Bokoch, G. M. Regulation of phagocyte oxygen radical production by the GTP-binding protein Rac 2. Science 254, 1512-1515 (1991).
25. Roberts, A. W. et al. Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. Immunity 10, 183-196 (1999).
26. Sulciner, D. J., Irani, K., Ferrans, V. J., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. & Finkel, T. Rac1 regulates a cytokine-stimulated, redox-dependent pathway necessary for NF-κB activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 7115-7121 (1996).
27. Perona, R. et al. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB by Rho, Cdc42, and Rac1 proteins. Genes Dev. 11, 463-475 (1997).
28. Fruman, D. A. et al. Impaired B cell development and proliferation in absence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85α. Science 283, 393-397 (1999).
29. Benard, V., Bohl, B. J. & Bokoch, G. M. Characterization of Rac and Cdc42 activation in chemoattractant-stimulated human neutrophils using a novel assay for active GTPases. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13193-13204 (1999).
30. Zenke, F., King, C. C., Bohl, B. P. & Bokoch, G. M. Identification of a central phosphorylation site in p21-activated kinase regulating autoinhibition and kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 32565-32573 (1999).
31. Mira, J.-P., Benard, Y., Groffen, J., Sanders, L. C. & Knaus, U. G. Endogenous hyperactive Rac3 controls proliferation of breast cancer cells by a p21-activated kinase-dependent pathway. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 185-189 (2000).
32. Carpenter, C. L. & Cantley, L. C. Phosphoinositide kinases. Curr. Opin. Biol. 8, 153-157 (1996).
33. Zheng, Y., Bagrodia, S. & Certone, R. A. Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity by Cdc42Hs binding to p85. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18727-18730 (1994).
34. Bokoch, G. M. Vlahos, C. J., Wang, Y., Knaus, U. G. & Traynor-Kaplan, A. E. Rac GTPase interacts specifically with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Biochem. J. 315, 775-779 (1996).
35. Kandel, E. S. & Hay, N. The regulation and activities of the multifunctional Serine/Threonine kinase Akt/PKB. Exp. Cell Res. 253, 210-229 (1999).
36. Muzio, M., Natoli G., Saccani, S., Levrero, M. & Mantovani. The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor κB and JNK/SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). J. Exp. Med. 187, 2097-2101 (1998).
37. Montaner, S., Perona, R., Saniger, L. & Lacal, J. C. Multiple signaling pathways lead to the activation of the NF-κB by the Rho family of GTPases. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12779-12785 (1998).
38. Singh, R. et al. The IL-1 receptor and Rho directly associate to drive cell activation in inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 103, 1561-1570 (1999).
39. Puls, A. et al. Activation of the small GTPase Cdc42 by the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1, and by the Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein LMP1. J. Cell Sci. 112, 2983-2992 (1999).
40. Vollebregt, M., Hampton, M. B. & Winterbourn, C. C. Activation of NF-κB in human neutrophils during phagocytosis of bacteria independently of oxidant generation. FEBS Lett. 432, 40-44 (1998).
41. Bird, T. A.,. Schooley, K., Dower, S. K., Hagen, H. & Virca, G. D. Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB by interleukin 1 is accompanied by casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 32606-32612 (1997).
42. Madrid, L.V. et al. Akt suppresses apoptosis by stimulating the transactivation potential of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1626-1638 (2000).
43. Sahl, B., Wagey, R., Marotta, A., Tao, J. S. & Pelech, S. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and p70 S6 kinase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells: differential effects of rapamycin, Ly294002, and wortmannin on nitric oxide production. J. Immunol. 161, 6947-6954 (1998).
44. Reddy, S. A. G., Huang, J. H. & Liao, W. S.-L. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interleukin 1 signaling. J. Viol. Chem. 272, 29167-29173 (1997).
45. Ozes, O. N. et al. NF-κB activation by tumor necrosis factor requires the Akt serine-threonine kinase. Nature 401, 82-86 (1999).
46. Romashkova, J.A. & Makarov, S.S. NF-κB is a target of Akt in anti-apoptotic PDGF signaling. Nature 401, 86-90 (1999).
47. Schiff, D. E. et al. Phagocytosis of Gram-negative bacteria by a unique CD14-dependent mechanism. J. Leuko. Biol. 62, 786-794 (1997).
48. Mercurio, F. et al. IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF-κB activation. Science 278, 860-666 (1997).
49. Sakurai, H., Chiba, H., Miyoshi, H., Sugita, T. & Toriumi, W. IκB kinases phosphorylate NF-κB p65 subunit on serine 536 in the transactivation domain. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 30353-30356 (1999).