Bone growth factors in maxillofacial skeletal reconstruction

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 469-484

  Schliephake, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bone reconstruction; Growth factors; Tissue engineering

Indexed keywords

BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 4; GROWTH FACTOR; GROWTH PROMOTOR; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN 1; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR AA; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR AB; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BB; SOMATOMEDIN; SOMATOMEDIN B; SOMATOMEDIN C; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ALLOGRAFT; ANGIOGENESIS; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; BONE ATROPHY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE GROWTH; BONE INFECTION; BONE INJURY; BONE REGENERATION; BONE REMODELING; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; FACIAL BONE; FRACTURE HEALING; HUMAN; IMPLANT; MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MESENCHYME CELL; MESODERM; NONHUMAN; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOBLAST; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PHYSIOLOGY; PLASTIC SURGERY; POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT; RAT; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE; THROMBOCYTE RICH PLASMA; THROMBOCYTE TRANSFUSION; TOOTH SOCKET; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0036789641     PISSN: 09015027     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2002.0244     Document Type: Review

References (232)

1. ABDENNAGY B, HOTT M, MARIE PJ. Effects of platelet derived growth factor on human and mouse osteoblastic cells isolated from the trabecular bone surface. Cell Biol Int Rep 1992: 16: 235-247.
2. ALACRON C, MORALES AV, PIMENTEL B, SERNA J, DE PABLO F. Pro-insulin and insulin-like growth factor I complementary expression and roles in early development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998: 121: 13-17.
3. ANDRADES JA, HAN B, BECERRA J, SORGENTE N, HALL FL, NIMNI ME. A recombinant human TGF-beta 1 fusion protein with collagen-binding domain promotes migration, growth, and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells. Exp Cell Res 1999: 250: 485-498.
4. ARIHIRO K, INAI K. Expression of CD31, Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and bone morphogenetic protein in bone metastasis of osteosarcoma. Pathol Int 2001: 51: 100-106.
5. ARM DM, TENCER AF, BAIN SD, CELINO D. Effect of controlled release of platelet-derived growth factor from a porous hydroxyapatite implant on bone ingrowth. Biomaterials 1996: 17: 703-709.
6. ATALIOTIS P, MERCOLA M. Distribution and function of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors during embryogenesis. Int Rev Cytol 1997: 172: 95-127.
7. BAKER NL, RUSSO CV, BERNARD O, D'ERCOLE AJ, WERTHER GA. Interactions between bcl-e and the IGF system control apoptosis in the developing mouse brain. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1999: 118: 109-118.
8. BECKER W, LYNCH SE, LEKHOLM U, BECKER BE, CAFFESSE R, DONATH K, SANCHEZ R. A comparison of ePTFE membranes alone or in combination with platelet-derived growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-I or demineralized freeze-dried bone in promoting bone formation around immediate socket implants. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 929-940.
9. BEILHARZ EJ, BASSETT NS, SIRIMANNE ES, WILLIAMS CE, GLUCKMAN PD. Insulin-like growth factor II is induced during wound repair following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing rat brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995: 28: 81-91.
10. BESSHO K, CARNES DL, CAVIN R, CHEN HY, ONG JL. BMP stimulation of bone response adjacent to titanium implants in vivo. Clin Oral Impl Res 1999: 10: 212-218.
11. BETSHOLTZ C, RAINES EW. Platelet-derived growth factor: a key factor of connective tissue cells in embryogenesis and pathogenesis. Kidney Int 1997: 51: 1361-1369.
12. BIAND T, HUSSEIN MA, GLATZ Y, BOUILLON R, FROESCH ER, SCHMID C. Effects of short-term insulin-like growth factor-I or growth hormone treatment on bone turnover, renal phosphate reabsorption and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 production in healthy man. J Intern Med 1997: 241: 143-150.
13. BINKERT C, DEMETRIOU M, SIKHU B, SZWERAS M, TENENBAUM HC, DENNIS JW. Regulation of osteogenesis by fetuin. J Biol Chem 1999: 274: 28514-28520.
14. BIKLE DD, HARRIS J, HALLORAN BO, ROBERTS CT, LEROITH D, MOREY-HOLTON E. Expression of the genes for insulin-like growth factors and their receptors on bone during skeletal growth. Am J Physiol 1994: 267: E278-286.
15. BLITZ IL, SHIMMI O, WUNNENBERG-STAPLETON K, O'CONNOR MB, CHO KW. Is chordin a long-range- or short-range-acting factor? Roles for BMP1-related metalloproteases in chordin and BMP4 autofeedback loop regulation. Dev Biol 2000: 223: 120-138.
16. BLOM EJ, KLEIN-NULEND J, KLEIN CP, KURASHINA K, VAN WAAS MA, BURGER EH. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 incorporated during setting in calcium phosphate cement stimulates bone cells differentiation in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 2000: 50: 67-74.
17. BOSTROM M, LANE JM, TOMIN E, BROWNE M, BERBERIAN W, TUREK T, SMITH J, WOSZENY J, SCHILDHAUER T. Use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the rabbit ulnar nonunion model. Clin Orthop 1996: 327: 272-282.
18. BOYNE PJ. Animal studies of application of rhBMP-2 in maxillofacial reconstruction. Bone 1996: 19: 83S-92S.
19. BOSCH C, MELSEN B, GIBBONS R, VARGERVIK K. Human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 in healing of calvarial bone defects. J Craniofac Surg 1996: 7: 300-310.
20. BOTTNER M, KRIEGELSTEIN K, UNSICKER K. The transforming growth factor-betas: structure, signalling, and roles in nervous system development and functions. J Neurochem 2000: 75: 2227-2240.
21. BRODT P, SAMANI A, NAVAB R. Inhibition of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor expression and signalling: novel strategies for antimetastatic therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2000: 60: 1101-1107.
22. BUDDE K, NEUMAYER HH, SALANT DJ, CYBULSKY AV, COLEMAN DL, STERZEL RB. Glomerular epithelial cell products stimulate mesangial cell proliferation in culture. Kidney Int 1997: 52: 733-741.
23. BUJIA J. Effect of growth factors on cell proliferation and matrix synthesis in cultured human chondrocytes. Laryngorhinootologie 1995: 74: 444-449.
24. BUTLER AA, LE ROITH D. Mini review: tissue specific versus generalized gene targeting of the igf1 and igf1r genes and their roles in insulin-like growth factor physiology. Endocrinology 2001: 142: 1685-1688.
25. CALIKOGLU A, KARAYAL A, D'ERCOLE A. Nutritional regulation of IGF-I expression during brain development in mice. Pediatr Res 2001: 49: 197-202.
26. CANNALIS E, VARGHESE W, MCCARTHY TL, CENTRELLA M. Role of platelet derived growth factor in bone cell function. Growth Regul 1992: 2: 151-155.
27. CENTRELLA M, CANALIS E. Transforming and non transforming growth factors are present in medium conditioned by fetal rat calvariae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985: 82: 7335-7339.
28. CENTRELLA M, MCCARTHY TL, CANALIS E. Transforming growth factor β is a bifunctional regulator of replication and collagen synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cell cultures from fetal rat bone. J Biol Chem 1997: 262: 2869-2874.
29. CENTRELLA M, MCCARTHY TL, KUSMIK WF, CANALIS E. Relative binding and biochemical effects of heterodimeric and homodimeric isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal bone. J Cell Physiol 1991: 147: 420-426.
30. CENTRELLA M, MCCARTHY TL, KUSMIK WF, CANALIS E. Isoform-specific regulation of platelet-derived growth factor activity and binding in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone. J Clin Invest 1992: 89: 1076-1084.
31. CHANG J, THUNDER R, MOST D, LONGAKER MT, LINEAWEAVER WC. Studies in flexor tendon wound healing: neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1 increases postoperative range of motion. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000: 105: 148-155.
32. CHAUDARY LR, AVIOLI LV. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2) by FGF-2 and PDGF-BB in normal human osteoblastic and bone marrow stromal cells: differences in mobility and in-gel re-naturation of ERK1 in human, rat and mouse osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997: 238: 134-139.
33. CHAUDARY LR, HRUSKA KA. The cell survival signal Akt is differentially activated by PDGF-BB, EGF, and FGF-2 in osteoblastic cells. J Cell Biochem 2001: 81: 304-311.
34. CHUNG CP, KIM DK, PARK YJ, NAM KH, LEE SJ. Biological effects of drug-loaded biodegradable membranes for guided bone regeneration. J Periodontal Res 1997: 32: 172-175.
35. CLOKIE CM, URIST MR. Bone morphogenetic protein excipients: comparative observations on poloxamer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000: 105: 628-637.
36. COCHRAN DL, ROUSE CA, LYNCH SE, GRAVES DR. Effects of platelet-derived growth factor isoforms on calcium release from neonatal mouse calvariae. Bone 1993: 14: 53-58.
37. COCHRAN DL, JONES AA, LILLY LC, FIORELLINI JP, HOWELL H. Evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in oral applications including the use of endosseous implants: 3-year results of a pilot study in humans. J Periodontol 2000: 71: 1241-1257.
38. COOK SD, BAFFES GC, WOLFE MW, SAMPATH TK, RUEGER DC. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 induces healing in a canine long-bone segmental defect model. Clin Orthop 1994: 301: 302-311.
39. COOK SD, SALKELD SL, RUEGER DC. Evaluation of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1) placed with dental implants in fresh extraction sites. J Oral Implantol 1995: 21: 281-289.
40. DALE L, JONES CM. BMP signalling in early Xenopus development. Bioessays 1999: 21: 751-760.
41. DE OBARRIO JJ, ARAUZ-DUTARI JI, CHAMBERLAIN TM, CROSTON A. The use of autologous growth factors in periodontal surgical therapy: platelet gel biotechnology-case reports. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2000: 20: 486-497.
42. DROSSOPOULOU G, LEWIS KE, SANZ-ESQUERRO JJ, NIKBAKHT N, MCMAHON AP, HOFMANN C, TICKLE C. A model for anteroposterior patterning of the vertebrate limb based on sequential long- and short range Shh signalling and BMP signalling. Development 2000: 127: 1337-1348.
43. DUNEAS N, CROOKS J, RIPAMONTI U. Transforming growth factor-beta 1: Induction of bone morphogenetic protein genes expression during endochondral bone formation in the baboon and synergistic interaction with osteogenic protein-1. Growth Factors 1998: 15: 259-277.
44. DUNKER N, KRIEGELSTEIN K. Targeted mutations of transforming growth factor-beta genes reveal important roles in mouse development and adult homeostasis. Rur J Biochem 2000: 267: 6982-6988.
45. EDWALL D, PRISELL PT, LEVINOVITZ A, JENNISCHE E, NORSTEDT G. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I messenger ribonucleic acid in regenerating bone after fracture influence of indomethacin. J Bone Miner Res 1992: 7: 207-213.
46. ENTCHEV EV, SCHWABEDISSEN A, GONZALEZ-GAITAN M. Gradient formation of the TGF-beta homolog Dpp. Cell 2000: 103: 981-991.
47. FERGUSON CM, MICLAU T, HU D, ALPERN E, HELMS JA. Common molecular pathways in skeletal morphogenesis and repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998: 857: 33-42.
48. FENNIS JPM, STOELINGA PJW, JANSEN JA. Mandibular reconstruction: A clinical and radiographic animal-study on the use of autogenous scaffolds and PRP. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg submitted 2001.
49. FONTENAY M, BRYCKAERT M, TOBELEM G. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 inhibitory effect of platelet derived growth factor-induced signal transduction on human bone marrow fibroblasts: possible involvement of protein phosphatases. J Cell Physiol 1992: 152: 507-519.
50. FRANCESCHI RT. The developmental control of osteoblast-specific gene expression: role of specific transcription factors and the extracellular matrix environment. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999: 10: 40-57.
51. FUIJI H, KITAZAWA R, MAEDA S, MIZUNO K, KITAZAWA S. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor proteins and their receptor alpha and beta mRNAs during fracture healing in the normal mouse. Histochem Cell Biol 1999: 112: 131-138.
52. GAO TJ, LINDHOLM TS, MARTTINEN A, PUOLAKKA T. Bone inductive potential and dose-dependent response of bovine bone morphogenetic protein combined with type IV collagen. Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl 1993: 207: 77-84.
53. GAO J, SYMONS AL, BARTOLD PM. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the developing periodontium of rats. J Dent Res 1998: 77: 1708-1716.
54. GERHART TN, KIRKER-HEAD CA, KRIZ MJ, HOLTROP ME, HENNIG GE, HIPP J, SCHELLING SH. Healing of segmental femoral defects in sheep using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein. Clin Orthop 1993: 293: 317-323.
55. GERSTENFELD LC, SHAPIRO FD. Expression of bone-specific genes by hypertrophic chondrocytes: implication of the complex functions of the hypertrophic chondrocyte during endochondral bone development. J Cell Biochem 1996: 62: 1-9.
56. GIANNOBILE WV, HERNANDEZ RA, FINKELMAN RD, RYAN S, KIRITSY CP, D'ANDREA M, LYNCH SE. Comparative effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I, individually and in combination, on periodontal regeneration in Macaca fascicularis. J Periodontal Res 1996: 31: 301-312.
57. GILBERT L, HE X, FARMER P, BODEN S, KOZLOWSKI M, RUBIN J, NUNES MS. Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Endocrinology 2000: 141: 3956-3964.
58. GONG Y, KRAKOW D, MARCELLINO J, WILKIN D, CHITAYAT D, BABUL-HIRIJ R, HUDGINS L, CREMERS CW, CREMERS FP, BRUNNER HG, REINKER K, RIMION DL, COHN DH, GOODMAN FR, REARDON W, PATTON M, FRANCOMANO CA, WARMAN ML. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding noggin affect human joint morphogenesis. Nat Genet 1999: 21: 302-304.
59. GOSAIN AK, SONG LS, SANTORO T, WEIHRAUCH D, BOSI BO, CORRAO MA, CHILIAN WM. Effects of transforming growth factor-beta and mechanical strain on osteoblast cell counts: an in vitro model for distraction oSteOgenesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000: 105: 130-136.
60. GROENEVELD EHJ, VAN DEN BERGH JPA, HOLZMANN P, TEN BRUGGENKATE CM, BRAM TUINZING D, BURGER EH. Histomorphometrical analysis of bone formed in human maxillary sinus floor elevations grafted with OP-1 device, demineralised bone matrix or autologous bone. Clin Oral Impl Res 1999: 10: 499-509.
61. GUO W, GORLICK R, LADANYI M, MEYERS PA, HUVOS AG, BERTINO JR, HEALEY JH. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and receptors in sarcomas. Clin Orthop 1999: 365: 175-183.
62. HANAI JI, CHEN L, KANNO T, OHTANI-FUJITA N, KIM WY, GUO WH, IMAMURA T, ISHIDOU Y, FUKUCHI M, SHI MJ. Interaction and functional cooperation of PEBP2/CBF with SMADs: Synergistic induction of the immunoglobulin germline Ca promoter. J Biol Chem 1999: 274: 31577-31582.
63. HANISCH O, TATAKIS DN, BOSKOVIC MM, ROHRER MD, WILKESJO UM. Bone formation and reosseointegration in peri-implantitis defects following surgical implantation of rhBMP-2. Int J Oral Maxillofac Impl 1997: 12: 604-610.
64. HANISCH O, TATAKIS DN, ROHRER MD, WÖHRLE PS, WOZNEY JM, WILKESJÖ UME. Bone formation and osseointegration stimulated by rhBMP-2 following subantral augmentation procedures in nonhuman primates. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997: 12: 785-792.
65. HARVEY MB, KAYE PL. IGF-2 receptors are first expressed at the 2-cell stage of mouse development. Development 1991: 111: 1057-1060.
66. HIGUCHI T, KINOSHITA A, TAKAHASHI K, ODA S, ISHIKAWA I. Bone regeneration by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in rat mandibular defects. An experimental model of defect filling. J Periodontol 1999: 70: 1026-1031.
67. HOCK JM, CANNALIS E. Platelet-derived growth factor enhances bone cell replication but not differentiated function of osteoblasts. Endocrinology 1994: 134: 1423-1428.
68. HONG L, TABATA Y, NIYAMOTO S, YAMADA K, AOYOMA I, TAMURA M, HASHIMOTO N, IKADA Y. Promoted bone healing at a rabbit skull gap between autologous bone fragment and the surrounding intact bone with biodegradable microspheres containing transforming growth factor-beta 1. Tissue Eng 2000: 6: 331-340.
69. HOWARD BK, BROWN KR, LEACH JL, CHANG CH, ROSENTHAL DI. Osteo-induction using bone morphogenic protein in irradiated tissue. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998: 124: 985-988.
70. HOWELL TH, FIORELLINI JP, PAQUETTE DW, OFENBACHER S, GIANNOBILE WV, LYNCH SE. A phase I/II trial to evaluate a combination of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I in patients with periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1997: 68: 1168-1193.
71. HSIEH SC, GRAVES DT. Pulse application of platelet-derived growth factor enhances formation of a mineralizing matrix while continuous application is inhibitory. J Cell Biochem 1998: 69: 169-180.
72. HU YS, ZHOU H, KARTSOGIANNIS V, EISMAN JA, MARTIN TJ, NG KW. Expression of rat homeobox gene, rHOX; in developing and adult tissues in mice and regulation of its mRNA expression in osteoblasts by bone morphogenetic, protein 2 and parathyroid hormone related protein. Mol Endocrinol 1998: 12: 1721-1732.
73. HUGHES FJ, AUBIN JE, HEERSCHE JN. Differential chemotactic responses of different populations of fetal rat calvaria cells to platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta. Bone Miner 1992: 19: 63-74.
74. HUTCHINS JB, JEFFERSON VE. Developmental distribution of platelet-derived growth factor in the mouse central nervous system. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1992: 67: 121-135.
75. JACKSON SM, NAKATO H, SUGIURA M, JANNUZI A, OAKES R, KALUZA V, GOÖDEN C, SELLECK SB. Dally, a Drosophila glypican, controls cellular responses to the TGF-beta-related morphogen, Dpp. Development 1997: 124: 4113-4120.
76. JIANG D, DZIAK R, LYNCH SE, STEPHAN EB. Modification of an osteoconductive anorganic bovine bone mineral matrix with growth factors. J Periodontol 1999: 70: 834-839.
77. JONES CM, ARMES N, SMITH JC. Signalling by TGF-beta family members: short range effects of Xnr-2 and BMP-4 contrast with the long-range effects of activin. Curr Biol 1996: 6: 1468-1475.
78. JONES CM, SMITH JC. Establishment of a BMP-4 morphogene gradient by long-range inhibition. Dev Biol 1998: 194: 12-17.
79. JOSEPH BK, SAVAGE NW, DAÖEY TJ, YOUNG WG. In situ hybridisation evidence for a paracrine/autocrine role for insulin-like growth factor I in tooth development. Growth Factors 1996: 13: 11-17.
80. KAJUSTRA J, FIORDALISO F, ANDREOLI AM, LI B, CHIMENTI S, MEDOW MS, LIMANA F, NADAL-GINARD B, LERI A, ANVERSA P. Igf-1 overexpression inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress. Diabetes 2000: 50: 1414-1424.
81. KAMEDA T, KOIKE C, SAITOH K, KUROIWA A, IBA H. Developmental patterning in chondrocytic cultures by morphogenic gradients: BMP induces expression of indian hedgehog and noggin. Genes Cells 1999: 4: 175-184.
82. KAPLAN FS, SHORE EM. Bone morphogenetic proteins and C-FOS: early signals in endochondral bone formation. Bone 1999: 19(Suppl.): 13S-21S.
83. KASSOLIS JD, ROSEN PS, REYNOLDS MA. Alveolar ridge and sinus augmentation utilizing platelet-rich plasma in combination with freeze-dried bone allograft: case series. J Periodontol 2000: 71: 1654-1661.
84. KATOH T, SATO K, KAWAMURA M, IWATA H, MIURA T. Osteogenesis in sintered bone combined with bovine bone morphogenetic protein. Clin Orthop 1993: 287: 266-275.
85. KAWAI T, MIEKI A, OHNO Y, UMEMURA M, KATAOKA H, KURITA S, KOIE M, JINDE T, HASEGAWA J, URIST MR. Osteo-inductive activity of composites of bone morphogenetic protein and pure titanium. Clin Orthop 1993: 290: 296-305.
86. KAWAMURA M, URIST MR. Induction of callus formation by implants of bone morphogenetic protein and associated bone matrix noncollagenous proteins. Clin Orthop 1988: 236: 240-248.
87. KECHA O, BRILOT F, MARTENS H, FRANCHIMONT N, REBARD C, GREINERS R, DEFRESNE MP, WINKLER R, GEENE V. Involvement of insulin-like growth factors in early T cell development: a study using fetal thymic organ cultures. Endocrinology 2000: 141: 1209-1217.
88. KEVY SV, JACOBSON MS. An automated cost-effective methodology for the preparation of growth factor enriched autologous platelet gel. 4th Orthop Tissue Engineering, April 2000.
89. KIESWETTER K, SCHWARTZ Z, ALDERETE M, DEAN DD, BOYAN BD. Platelet derived growth factor stimulates chondrocyte proliferation but prevents endochondral maturation. Endocrine 1997: 6: 257-264.
90. KIMBLE RM, BREIER BH, GLUCKMAN PD, HARDING JE. Enteral IGF-I enhances fetal growth and gastrointestinal development in oesophageal ligated fetal sheep. J Endocrinol 1999: 162: 227-235.
91. KLEINBERG DL. Early mammary development: growth hormone and IGF-I. J Mammary Glad Biol Neoplasia 1997: 2: 49-57.
92. KLEINBERG DL. Role of IGF-I in normal mammary development. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998: 47: 201-208.
93. KOIDE M, MURASE Y, YAMATO K, NOGUCHI T, OKAHASHI N, NISHIHARA T. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances osteoclast formation mediated by interleukin-1alpha through upregulation of osteoclast differentiation factor and cyclooxygenase-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999: 259: 97-102.
94. KOSE KN, XIE JF, CARNES DL, GRAVES DT. Pro-inflammatory cytokines down-regulate platelet derived growth factor-alpha receptor gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. J Cell Physiol 1996: 166: 188-197.
95. KÜBLER NR. Osteoinduktion und-reparation. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschirurgie 1997: 1: 2-25.
96. LANDESBERG R, ROY M, GLICKMAN RS. Quantification of growth factor levels using a simplified method of platelet-rich plasma gel preparation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000: 58: 297-300.
97. LEE KS, KIM HJ, CHI ZZ, UETA C, KOMORI T, WOSZNEY JM, KIM EG, CHOI JY, RYOO HM, BAE SC. Runx2 is a common target of transforming growth factor beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein 2, and cooperation between runx2 and smad5 induces osteoblast specific gene expression in the pluripotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C2C12. Mol Cell Biol 2000: 20: 8783-8792.
98. LEMAIRE P, YASUO H. Developmental signalling: a careful balancing act. Curr Biol 1998: 26: R228-231.
99. LEON Y, SANZ C, FRAGO LM, CAMARERO G, CANON S, VARELA-NIETO I, GIRALDEZ F. Involvement of insulin-like growth factor I in inner ear organo-genesis and regulation. Horm Metab Res 1999: 31: 126-132.
100. LI Y, KISSEL T. Synthesis and properties of biodegradable ABA triblockcopolymers consisting of poly(L-lactic acid) or poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) A blocks attached to central poly(oxyethylene) B-blocks. J Controlled Rel 1993: 27: 247-257.
101. LI Y, NOTHNAGEL J, KISSEL T. Biodegradable brush-like graft polymers from poly(D,L-lactide) or poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and charge-modified, hydrophilic dextrans as backbone-Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro degradation properties. Polymer 1997: 38: 6197-6206.
102. LIND M, DELEURAN B, THESTRYP-PEDERSEN K, SOBALLE K, ERIKSEN EF, BUNGER C. Chemotaxis of human osteoblasts. Effects of osteotropic growth factors. APMIS 1995: 103: 140-146.
103. LIND M. Growth factor stimulation of bone healing. Effects on osteoblasts, osteotomies, and implant fixation. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1998: 283: 2-37.
104. LINKHART TA, MOHAN S, BAYLINK DJ. Growth factors for bone growth and repair: IGF, TGF beta and BMP. Bone 1996: 19: 1S-12S.
105. LIU JL, GRINBERG A, WESTPHAL H, SUAER B, ACILI D, KARAS, M, LE ROITH D. Insulin-like growth factor-I affects perinatal lethality and postnatal development in a gene disage-dependent manner: manipulation using the Cre/ loxP system in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 1998: 12: 1452-1462.
106. LOCCI P, BECCHETTI E, PUGLIESE M, ROSSI L, LILLI C, CALVITTI M, STAFFOLANI N. Metal substrates influence the release of glycosaminoglycan and transforming growth factor beta by human bone cells. J Periodontol 1996: 67: 1260-1266.
107. LOUVI A, ACILI D, EFSTRATIADIS A. Growth-promoting interaction of IGF-II with the insulin receptor during mouse embryonic development. Dev Biol 1997: 189: 33-48.
108. LU L, STAMATAS GN, MIKOS AG. Controlled release of transforming growth factor beta 1 from biodegradable micro-particles. J Biomed Mater Res 2000: 50: 440-451.
109. LUCKE CD, PHILPOTT A, METCALFE JC, THOMPSON AM, HUGHES-DAVIES L, KEMP PR, HESKETH R. Inhibiting mutations in the transforming growth factor beta type 2 receptor on recurrent human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2001: 61: 482-485.
110. LYNCH SE, BUSER D, HERNANDEZ RA, WEBER HP, STICH H, FOX CH, WILLIAMS RC. Effects of the platelet-derived growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-I combination on bone regeneration around dental implants. Results of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 710-716.
111. MACKAY AM, BECK SC, MURPHY JM, BARRY FP, CHICHESTER CO, PITTENGER MF. Chondrogenic differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells from marrow. Tissue Eng 1998: 4: 415-428.
112. MACNEIL RL, D'ERRICO J, STRAYHORN C, PICKRUM H, SOMERMAN MJ. Agents with periodontal regenerative potential regulate cell-mediated collagen lattice contraction in vitro. J Dent Res 1996: 75: 903-911.
113. MAITRE B, CLEMENT A, WILLIAMS MC, BRODY JS. Expression of insulin-like growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in the developing lung and their relation to epithelial cell differentiation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995: 13: 262-270.
114. MAN D, PLOSKER H, WINLAND-BROWN JE. The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (platelet gel) and autologous platelet-poor plasma (fibrin glue) in cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001: 107: 229-237.
115. MARDEN LJ, FAN RS, PIERCE GF, REDDI AH, HOLLNGER JO. Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits bone regeneration induced by osteogenin, a bone morphogenic protein, in rat craniotomy defects. J Clin Invest 1993: 92: 2897-2905.
116. MARGOLIN MD, COGAN AG, TAYLOR M, BUCK D, MCALLISTER TN, TOTH C, MCALLISTER BS. Maxillary sinus augmentation in the non-human primate: a comparative radiographic and histologic study between recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 and natural bone mineral.
117. MARX RE, CARLSON ER, EICHSTEDT RM, SCHIMMELE SR, STRAUSS JE, GEORGEFF KR. Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998: 85: 638-646.
118. MAYER M, HOLLINGER J, RON E, WOZNEY J. Maxillary alveolar cleft repair in dogs using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and a polymer carrier. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996: 98: 247-256.
119. MCEARCHERN JA, KOBIE JJ, MACK V, WU RS, MEADE-TOLLIN L, ARTEAGA CL, DUMONT N, BESSELSEN D, SEFTOR E, HENDRIX MJ, KATSANIS E, AKPOIAYE ET. Invasion and metastasis of a mammary tumor involves TGF-beta signalling. Int J Cancer 2001: 91: 76-82.
120. MEHDI R, SHIMIZU T, YOSHIMURA Y, GOMYO H, TAKAOKA K. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein and its receptors in osteosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Jpn Clin Oncol 2000: 30: 272-275.
121. MEHLER MF, MABIE PC, ZHANG D, KESSLER JA. Bone morphogenetic proteins in the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 1997: 20: 309-317.
122. MEHARA BJ, MOST D, CHANG J, BRESNICK S, TURK A, SCHENDEL SA, GITTES GK, LONGAKER MT. Basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta-1 expression in the developing dura mater correlates with calvarial bone formation. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999: 104: 435-444.
123. MEHARA BJ, ROWE NM, STEINBRECH DS, DUDZIAK ME, SAADEH PB, MCCARTHY JG, GITTES GK, LONGAKER MT. Rat mandibular distraction osteo-genesis II: Molecular analysis of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and osteocalcin gene expression. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999: 103: 536-547.
124. MERAW SJ, REEVE CM, LOHSE CM, SIOUSSAT TM. Treatment of peri-implant defects with combination growth factor cement. J Periodontol 2000: 71: 81-83.
125. MITLAK BH, FINKELMAN RD, HILL EL, LI J, MARTIN B, SMITH T, D'ANDREA M, ANTONIADES HN, LYNCH SE. The effect of systemically administered PDGF-BB on the rodent skeleton. J Bone Miner Res 1996: 11: 238-247.
126. MIYAZONO K, TEN DIJKE P, ICHIJO H, HELDIN CH. Receptors for transforming growth factor-β. Advan Immunol 1994: 55: 181-220.
127. MIYAZONO K. Positive and negative regulation of TGF-β signalling. J Cell Sci 2000: 113: 1101-1109.
128. MORGAN DO, EDMAN JC, STANDRING DN, FRIED V, SMITH MC, ROTH RA, RUTTER WJ. Insulin-like growth factor II receptor as a multifunctional binding protein. Nature 1987: 329: 301-307.
129. MURATA M, MAKI F, SATO D, SHIBATA T, ARISUE M. Bone augmentation by onlay implant using recombinant human BMP-2 and collagen on adult rat skull without periosteum. Clin Oral Impl Res 2000: 11: 289-295.
130. MUSCHIK M, SCHLENZKA D, RITSILA V, TENNSTEDT C, LEWNADROWSKI KU. Experimental anterior spine fusion using bovine bone morphogenetic protein: a study in rabbits. J Orthop Sci 2000: 5: 165-170.
131. NASH TJ, HOWLETT CR, MARTIN C, STEELE J, JOHNSON KA, HICKLIN DJ. Effect of platelet derived growth factor on tibial osteotomies in rabbits. Bone 1994: 15: 203-208.
132. NEVINS M, KIRKER-HEAD C, NEVINS M, WOSZNEY JA, PALMER R, GRAHAM D. Bone formation in the goat maxillary sinus induced by absorbable collagen sponge implants impregnated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1996: 16: 8-19.
133. NOCITI FH JR, STEFANI CM, MACHADO MA, SALLUM EA, TOLEDO S, SALLUM AW. Histometric evaluation of bone regeneration around immediate implants partially in contact with bone: a pilot study in dogs. Implant Dent 2000: 9: 321-328.
134. O'CONNOR R. Survival factors and apoptosis. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 1998: 62: 137-166.
135. OGOSE A, MOTOYAMA T, HOTTA T, WATANABE H. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in human osteogenic and epithelial tumor cells. Pathol Int 1996: 46: 9-14.
136. OJEDA JL, BERCIANO MT, POLANCO JI, LAFARGA M, RODRIGUEZ-REY JC. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor gene expression during postnatal development of rabbit kidney. Anat Rec 1997: 249: 187-195.
137. ORUI H, IMAIZUMI S, OGINO T, MOTOYAMA T. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on human tumor cell growth and differentiation: a preliminary report. J Orthop Sci 2000: 5: 600-604.
138. PARK JB, MATSUURA M, HAN KY, NORDERYD O, LIN WL, GENCO RJ, CHO MI. Periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects of beagle dogs using guided tissue regenerative therapy with platelet-derived growth factor. J Periodontol 1995: 66: 462-477.
139. PARK JS, KIM JY, CHO Y, YANG JS, YU YH. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) antagonizes transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 induced collagen lattice contraction by human skin fibroblasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2000: 23: 1517-1520.
140. PASCHE B. Role of transforming growth factor beta in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2001: 186: 153-168.
141. PATTI R, REDDY CD, GEORGER B, GROTZER MA, RAGHUNATH M, SUTTON LN, PHILLIPS PC. Autocrine secreted insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates MAP kinase-dependent mitogenic effects in human primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma. Int J Oncol 2000: 16: 577-584.
142. PETER SJ, KIM DJ, STAMATAS GN, MILLER MJ, YAMAZEMSKI AG, MIKOS AG. Effect of transforming growth factor beta1 released from biodegradable polymer microparticles on marrow stroma osteoblasts cultured on poly-(propylene fumarat) substrates. J Biomed Mater Res 2000: 50: 452-464.
143. PIERREUX CE, NICOLAUS FJ, HU HS. Transforming growth factor beta-independent shuttling of smad4 between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mol Cell Biol 2000: 20: 9041-9054.
144. POWELL-BRAXTON L, HOLLINGSHEAD P, WARBURTON C, DOWD M, PITTS-MEEK S, DALTON D, GILLETT N, STEWART TA. IGF-I is required for normal embryonic growth in mice. Genes Dev 1993: 7: 2609-2017.
145. PRINGLE NP, RICHARDSON WD. A singularity of PDGF alpha-receptor expression in the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube may define the origin of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Development 1993: 117: 525-533.
146. RAVN P, OVERGAARD K, SPENCER EM, CHRISTIANSEN C. Insulin-like growth factors I and II in healthy women with and without established osteoporosis. Eur J Endocrinol 1995: 132: 313-319.
147. REDDI AH. Bone morphogenetic proteins: an conventional approach to isolation of first mammalian morphogens. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 1997: 8: 11-20.
148. REDDI AH. Cartilage derived morphogenetic proteins and cartilage morphogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 1998: 43: 131-136.
149. REDDI AH. Bone morphogenic proteins and skeletal development: the kidney-bone connection. Pediatr Nephrol 2000: 14: 598 601.
150. RETSCH-BOGART GZ, MOATS-STATTS BM, HOWARD K, D'ERCOLE AJ, STILES AD. Cellular localization of messenger RNAs for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors and binding proteins during fetal rat lung development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996: 14: 61-69.
151. RICHARDSON RL, WRIGHT JT, KIM JW, HAUSMAN GJ. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) messenger RNA in the developing subcutaneous tissue (SQ) of the fetal pig. Growth Dev Aging; 56: 149-157.
152. RILEY EH, LANE JM, URIST MR, LYONS KM, LIEBERMAN JR. Bone morphogenetic protein-2: biology and applications. Clin Orthop 1996: 324: 39-46.
153. RIPAMONTI U, DUNEAS N, VAN DEN HEEVER B, BOSCH C, CROOKS J. Recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces endochondral bone formation in the baboon and synergizes the recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) to initiate rapid bone formation.
154. ROBERTS CT JR. Control of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action by regulatyion of OGF-1 receptor expression. Endocr J 1996: 43(Suppl.): S49-55.
155. ROMAN C, SAHA D, BEAUCHAMP RD. TGF-beta and colorectal carcinogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 2001: 52: 450-457.
156. ROSSMANITH W, SCHULTE-HERMANN R. Biology of transforming growth factor beta in hepatocarcinogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 2001: 52: 430-436.
157. ROTH DA, LONGAKER MT, MCCARTHY JG, ROSEN DM, MCMULLEN HF, LEVINE JP, SUNG J, GOLD LI. Studies in cranial suture biology: Part I. Increased immunoreactivity for TGF-beta isoforms (beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3) during cranial suture fusion. J Bone Miner Res 1997: 12: 311-321.
158. ROTHE DA, GOLD LI, HAN VK, MCCARTHY JG, SUNG JJ, WISOFF JH, LONGAKER MT. Immunolocalization of transforming growth factor beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 and insulin-like growth factor I in premature cranial suture fusion. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997: 99: 300-309.
159. ROTHER KI, ACCILI D. Role of insulin receptors and IGF receptors ion growth and development. Pediatr Nephrol 2000: 14: 558-561.
160. RUAN W, POWELL-BRAXTON L, KOPCHICK JJ, KLEINBERG DL. Evidence that insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth factor hormone are required for prostate gland development. Endocrinology 1999: 140: 1984-1989.
161. RUTHERFORD RB, RYAN ME, KENNEDY JE, TUCKER MM, CHARETTE MF. Platelet-derived growth factor and dexamethasone combined with a collagen matrix induce regeneration of the periodontium in monkeys. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 537-544.
162. RYDZIEL S, SHAIKH S, CANALIS E. Platelet-derived growth factor-AA and -BB (PDGF-AA and -BB) enhance the synthesis of PDGF-AA in bone cell cultures. Endocrinology 1994: 134: 2441-2546.
163. SAGIROGLU JS, MEHARA BJ, CHAU D, SAADEH PB, GITTES GK, LONGAKER MT. Analysis of TGF-beta production by fusing and nonfusing mouse cranial sutures in vivo. Ann Plast Surg 1999: 42: 496-501.
164. SAKOU T, ONISHI T, YAMAMOTO T, NAGAMINE T, SAMPATH TK, TEN DIJKE P. Localization of Smads, the TGF-beta family intracellular signalling components during endochondral ossification. J Bone Miner Res 1999: 14: 1145-1152.
165. SANDHU HS, KANIM LE, KABO JM, TOTH JM, ZEEGEN EN, LIU D, DELEMARTER RB, DAWSON EG. Effective doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in experimental spinal fusion. Spine 1996: 21: 2115-2122.
166. SAYGIN NE, TKIYASU Y, GIANNOBILE WV, SOMERMAN MJ. Growth factors regulate expression of mineral associated genes in cementoblasts. J Periodontol 2000: 71: 1591-1600.
167. SCHARF JG, DOMBROWSKI F, RAMAFORI G. The IGF axis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Pathol 2001: 54: 138-144.
168. SCHATTEMAN GC, MORRISON-GRAHAM K, VAN KOPPEN A, WESTON JA, BOWEN-POPE DF. Regulation and role of PDGF receptor alpha-subunit expression during embryogenesis. Development 1992: 115: 123-131.
169. SCHEUFLER C, SEBALD W, HULSMEYER M. Crystal structure of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 at 2.7 A resolution. J Mol Biol 1999: 287: 103-105.
170. SCHMITT JM, BUCK D, BENNETT S, SKALLA W, CHRISTOFOROU C, BUECHTER D, GRUSKIN E, HOLLINGER J. Assessment of an experimental bone wax polymer plus TGF-beta 1 implanted into calvarial defects. J Biomed Mater Res 1998: 41: 584-592.
171. SCHLIEPHAKE H, BERTRAM H, LINDENMAIER W, ROHDE M, MAYER H, PLANCK H. In-vitro engineering of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for tissue engineered growth of bone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surgery 1999: 28(Suppl.): 107.
172. SCHULDINER M, YANUKA O, ITSKOVITZ-ELDOR J, MELTON DA, BENVENISTY N. From the cover: effects of eight growth factors on the differentiation of cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000: 97: 11301-11312.
173. SHERIDAN MH, SHEA LD, PETERS MC, MOONEY DJ. Bioabsorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering capable of sustained growth factor delivery. J Controlled Release 2000: 64: 91-102.
174. SHERRIS DA, MURAKAMI CS, LARRABEE WF JR, BRUCE AG. Mandibular reconstruction with transforming growth factor-beta 1. Laryngoscope 1998: 108: 368-372.
175. SHIGENOBU K, KANEDA K, NAGAI N, KUBOKI Y. Localization of bone morphogenetic protein-induced bone and cartilage formation on a new carrier: Fibrous collagen membrane. Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl 1993: 207: 85-90.
176. SHINBROT E, PETERS KG, WILLIAMS LT. Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor during organogenesis and tissue differentiation in the mouse embryo. Dev Dyn 1994: 199: 169-175.
177. SIEGBAHN A, JOHNELL M, RORSMAN C, EZBAN M, HELDIN CH, RONNSTRAND L. Binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor on human fibroblasts leads to activation of phospholipase C enhanced PDGF-BB-stimulated chemotaxis. Blood 2000: 96: 3452-3458.
178. SIGURDSSON TJ, FU E, TATAKIS DN, ROHRER MD, WIKESJÖ UME. Bone morphogenic protein-2 for peri-implant bone regeneration and osseointegration. Clin Oral Impl Res 1997: 8: 367-374.
179. SIMON M, MARESH JG, HARRIS SE, HERNANDEZ JD, ARAR M, OLSON MS, ABBOUD HE. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 mRNA in normal and ischemic adult rat kidney. Am J Physiol 1999: 276: F382-392.
180. SETO I, ASAHINA I, ODA M, ENOMOTO S. Reconstruction of the primate mandible with a combination graft of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone marrow. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001: 59: 53-61.
181. SMITH RA. The effect on TGF-beta on osseointegration. J Clarif Dent Assoc 1995: 23: 49-53.
182. SORIANO P. The PDGF alpha receptor is required for neural crest cell development and for normal patterning of the somites. Development 1997: 124: 2691-2700.
183. STEFANI CM, MACHADO MA, SALLUM EA, TOLEDO S, NOCTI H JR. Platelet-derived growth factor/insulin-like growth factor-I combination and bone regeneration around implants placed into extraction sockets: a histometric study in dogs. Implant Dent 2000: 9: 126-131.
184. STRAYHORN CL, GARRETT JS, RUNN RL, BENEDICT JJ, SOMERMAN MJ. Growth factors regulate expression of osteoblast-associated genes. J Periodontol 1999: 70: 1345-1354.
185. SULZBACHER I, TRAXLER I, MOSBERGER I, LANG S, CHOTT A. Platelet-derived growth factor-AA and -alpha receptor expression suggests an autocrine and/or paracrine loop in osteosarcoma. Mod Pathol 2000: 13: 632-637.
186. SYROID DE, ZORICK TS, ARBET-ENGELS C, KILPATRICK TJ, ECKHART W, LEMKE G. A role for insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of Schwann cell survival. J Neurosci 1999: 19: 2059-2068.
187. TAKAOKA K, NAKAHARA H, YOSHIKAWA H, MASHUARA K, TSUDA T, ONO K. Ectopic bone induction on and in porous hydroxyapatite combined with collagen and bone morphogenetic protein. Clin Orthop 1988: 234: 250-254.
188. TAKEHARA K. Growth regulation of skin fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2000: 24(Suppl.): S70-S77.
189. TANAKA H, LIANG CT. Effect of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA synthesis and gene expression in bone marrow stromal cells derived from adult and old rats. J Cell Physiol 1995: 164: 367-375.
190. TARANTAL AF, GRAGOSKY SE. Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in the serum of maternal and fetal macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). Growth Regul 1995: 5: 190-198.
191. TATAKIS DN, WIKESJO UM, RAZI SS, SIGURDSSON TJ, LEE MB. Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on alveolar bone and cementum. J Clin Periodontol 2000: 27: 698-704.
192. TERHEYDEN H, JEPSEN S, RUEGER DR. Mandibular reconstruction in miniature pigs with prefabricated vascularized bone grafts using recombinant human osteogenic protein-1: a preliminary study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999: 28: 461-463.
193. TERHEYDEN H, JEPSEN S, MÖLLER B, TUCKER MM, RUEGER DC. Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants using a combination of deproteinized bone xenografts and recombinant osteogenic protein-1. Clin Oral Impl Res 1999: 10: 510 521.
194. THALLER SR, SALZHAUER MA, RUBINSTEN AJ, THION A, TESLUK H. Effect of insulin-like growth factor type I on critical size calvarial bone defects in irradiated rats. J Craniofac Surg 1998: 9: 138-141.
195. THRAILKILL KM, SIDDHANTI SR, FOLWKES JL, QUARLES LD. Differentiation of MC3T3-El osteoblasts is associated with temporal changes in the expression of IGF-I and IGFBPs. Bone 1995: 17: 307-313.
196. TIRAPEGUI J. Effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) on muscle and bone growth in experimental models. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1999: 50: 231 236.
197. TSCHAKALOFF A, SCHLIEPHAKE H, DARD M. Pilotstudie zur kontrollierten Freisetzung von Wachstumsfaktoren aus Polylactidkörpern. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 2000: 4(Suppl.): S474-478.
198. TORIUMI DM, KOTLER HS, LUXENBERG DP, HOLTROP ME, WANG EA. Mandibular reconstruction with a recombinant bone-inducing factor. Arch Otolaryngol 1991: 117: 1101-1109.
199. TSUKAMOTO T, MATSUI T, NAKATA H, ITO M, NATAZUKA T, FUKASE M, FUJITA T. Interleukin-1 enhances the response of osteoblasts to platelet-derived growth factor through the alpha receptor-specific up-regulation. J Biol Chem 1991: 266: 10143-10147.
200. VAN DEN BERGH JP, TEN BRUGGENKATE CM, GROENVELD HH, BURGER EH, TUINZING DB. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery in 3 patients compared to autogenous bone grafts. A clinical pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2000: 27: 627-636.
201. VAN KLEFFENS M, GROFFEN C, LINDENBERGH-KORTLEVE DJ, VAN NECK JW, GONZALEZ-PARRA S, DITZ N, ZWARTHOFF EC, DROP SL. The IGF system during fetal-placental development of the mouse. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1998: 140: 129-135.
202. VAN OSCH GJ, VAN DER VEEN SW, VERWOERD-VERHOEF HL. In vitro: redifferentiation of culture-expanded rabbit and human articular chondrocytes for cartilage reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001: 107: 433-440.
203. VAN WAES C. Cell adhesion and regulatory molecules involved in tumor formation, hemostasis, and wound healing. Head Neck 1995: 17: 140-147.
204. VARGHESE S, DELANY AM, LIANG L, GABBITAS B, JEFFREY JJ, CANALIS E. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of interstitial collagenase by platelet-derived growth factor BB in bone cell cultures. Endocrinology 1996: 137: 431-437.
205. VIROLAINEN P, ELIVIA K, METSARANTA M, ARO HT, VUORIO E. Incorporation of cortical bone allografts and autografts in rats: expression patterns of mRNAs for the TGF-betas. Acta Orthop Scand 1998: 00: 537-544.
206. WANG E, CHANG J, CHIN E, ZHOU J, BONDY CA. Cellular patterns of insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in murine condrogenesis and osteogenesis. Endocrinology 1995: 136: 2741-2751.
207. WANG W, MARIANI FV, HARLAND RM, LUO K. Ski represses bone morphogenic protein signalling in Xenopus and mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000: 97: 14394-14399.
208. WERTHER GA, RUSSO V, BAKER N, BUTLER G. The role of the insulin-like growth factor system in the developing brain. Horm Res 1998: 49(Suppl.): 37-40.
209. WIJESJO UM, RAZI SS, SIGURDSSON TJ, TATAKIS DN, LEE MB, ONGIPATTANAKUL B, NGUYEN T, HARDWICK R. Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta 1 on guided tissue regeneration. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 475-481.
210. WILKSTROM P, DAMBER JE, BERGH A. Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in prostate cancer. Microsc Res Tech 2001: 52: 411-419.
211. WILSON PA, LAGNA G, SUZUKI A, HEMMATI-BRIVANLOU A. Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1. Development 1997: 124: 77-84.
212. WINN SR, ULUDAG H, HOLLINGER JO. Carrier systems for bone morphogenetic proteins. Clin Orthop 1999: 367(Suppl.): S95-106.
213. WITHERS DJ, BURKS DJ, TOWERY HH, ALTAMURO SL, FLINT CL, WHITE MF. Irs-2 coordinates IGF-1 receptor-mediated beta-cell development and peripheral insulin signalling. Nat Genet 1999: 23: 32-40.
214. WORAPAMORN W, HAASE HR, LI H, BARTOLD PM. Growth factors and cytokines modulate expression of cell surface in human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2001: 186: 448-456.
215. WOOD TL, REICHERT MM, STULL MA, ALLAR MA. The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins in postnatal development of murine mammary glands. J Mammary Glad Biol Neoplasia 2000: 5: 31-42.
216. YABLONKA-REUVENI Z. Development and postnatal regulation of adult myoblasts. Microsc Res Tech 1995:30:366-380.
217. YABLONKA-REUVENI Z, SEIFERT RA. Proliferation of chicken myoblasts is regulated by specific isoforms of platelet-derived growth factor: evidence for differences between myoblasts from mid and late stages of embryogenesis. Dev Biol 1993: 156: 307-318.
218. YAKAR S, LIU JL, STANNARD B, BUTLER A, ACILI D, SAUER B, LEROITH D. Normal growth and development in the absence of hepatic insulin-like growth factor I.
219. YAMAGUCHI A, KATAGIRI T, IGEDA T, WOZNEY JM, ROSEN V, WANG EA, KAHN AJ, SUDA T, YOSHIKI S. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and inhibits myogenic differentiation in vitro. J Cell Biol 1991: 113: 681-687.
220. YAMAGUCHI A, ISHIZUYA T, KINTOU N, WADA Y, KATAGIRI T, WOZNEY J, ROSEN V, YOSHIKI S. Effects of BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-6 on osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow derived stromal cell lines, ST2 and MC3T3-G2/ PA6. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1996: 200: 66-371.
221. YAMAMOTO M, TABATA Y, HING L, MIYAMOTO S, HASHIMOTO N, IKADA Y. Bone regeneration by transforming growth factor-beta 1 released from a biodegradable hydrogel. J Controlled Release 2000: 64: 133-142.
222. YAMAZAKI Y, OIDA S, ISHIHARA K, NAKABAYASHI N. Ectopic induction of cartilage and bone by bovine bone morphogenetic protein using a biodegradable polymeric reservoir. J Biome Mater Res 1996: 30: 1-4.
223. YANG D, CHENG J, JING Z, JIN D. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA: a self-imposed cytokine in the proliferation of human fetal osteoblasts. Cytokine 2000: 12: 1271-1274.
224. YASKO AW, LANE JM, FELLINGER EJ, ROSEN V, WOOZNEY JM, WANG EA. The healing of segmental bone defects, induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2). J Bone Joint Surg 1992: 74: 659-668.
225. YOUNAI S, VENTERS G, VU S, NICHTER L, NIMNI ME, TUAN TL. Role of growth factors in scar contraction: an in vitro analysis. Ann Plast Surg 1996: 36: 495-501.
226. YU YM, SKLAR MM, NISSLEY SP, REDDI AH. Changes in the expression of insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphatase receptor during endochondral bone development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993: 195: 516-524.
227. YU X, HSIEH SC, BAO W, GRAVES DT. Temporal expression of PDGF receptors and PDGF regulatory effects on osteoblastic cells in mineralizing cultures. Am J Physiol 1997: 272: C1709-1716.
228. ZACKENFELS K, OPPERHEIM RW, ROHRER H. Evidence for an important role of IGF-I and IGF-II for the early development of chick sympathetic neurons. Neurons 1995: 14: 731-741.
229. ZELLIN G, BECK S, HARDWICK R, LINDE A. Opposite effects of recombinant human transforming growth factor-beta-1 on bone regeneration in vivo: effects of exclsuion of periosteal cells by microporous membrane. Bone 1998: 22: 613-620.
230. ZHANG Z, CHEN J, JIN D. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB stimulates osteoblastic bone resorption directly: the role of receptor beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998: 251: 190-194.
231. ZHENG W, SEFTOR EA, MEININGER CJ, HENDRIZ MJ, TOMANEK RJ. Mechanisms of coronary angiogenesis in response to stretch: role of VEGF and TGF-beta. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001: 280: H909-H917.
232. ZHU CC, YAMADA G, BLUM M. Retinoic acid teratogenicity: the role of goosecoid and BMP-4. Cell Mol Biol 1999: 45: 617-629.