메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 487-498

Selection and fine-tuning of the autoimmune T-cell repertoire

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIGEN; CD5 ANTIGEN; HLA DM ANTIGEN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; EPITOPE;

EID: 0036631471     PISSN: 14741733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nri842     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (134)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0036360019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enemy within: Keeping self-reactive T cells at bay in the periphery
    • Walker, L. S. K. & Abbas, A. K. The enemy within: keeping self-reactive T cells at bay in the periphery. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 11-19 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 11-19
    • Walker, L.S.K.1    Abbas, A.K.2
  • 2
    • 0035554676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology
    • Maloy, K. J. & Powne, F. Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology. Nature Immunol. 2, 816-822 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 816-822
    • Maloy, K.J.1    Powne, F.2
  • 3
    • 0034884574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCR avidity: It's not how strong you make it, it's how you make it strong
    • Margulies, D. H. TCR avidity: it's not how strong you make it, it's how you make it strong. Nature Immunol. 2, 669-670 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 669-670
    • Margulies, D.H.1
  • 4
    • 0024325672 scopus 로고
    • Antigen recognition in autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the potential for peptide-mediated immunotherapy
    • Wraith, D. C., Smilek, D. E., Mitchell, D. J., Steinman, L. & McDevitt, H. O. Antigen recognition in autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the potential for peptide-mediated immunotherapy. Cell 59, 247-255 (1989).
    • (1989) Cell , vol.59 , pp. 247-255
    • Wraith, D.C.1    Smilek, D.E.2    Mitchell, D.J.3    Steinman, L.4    McDevitt, H.O.5
  • 5
    • 0035176638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative selection during the peripheral immune response to antigen
    • Anderton, S. M. Radu, C. G., Lowrey, P. A., Ward, E. S. & Wraith, D. C. Negative selection during the peripheral immune response to antigen. J. Exp. Med. 193, 1-11 (2001). Clear evidence for the deletion of self-reactive T cells that express high-affinity TCRs during an in vivo immune response.
    • (2001) J. Exp. Med. , vol.193 , pp. 1-11
    • Anderton, S.M.1    Radu, C.G.2    Lowrey, P.A.3    Ward, E.S.4    Wraith, D.C.5
  • 6
    • 0033976066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes that persist after peripheral tolerance to a self antigen expressed in the pancreas
    • + T lymphocytes that persist after peripheral tolerance to a self antigen expressed in the pancreas. J. Immunol. 164, 191-200 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.164 , pp. 191-200
    • Nugent, C.T.1
  • 7
    • 0033558363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of high-avidity melanoma-reactive CTL from heterogeneous populations using peptide-MHC tetramers
    • Yee, C., Savage, P. A., Lee, P. P., Davis, M. M. & Greenberg, P. D. Isolation of high-avidity melanoma-reactive CTL from heterogeneous populations using peptide-MHC tetramers. J. Immunol. 162, 2227-2234 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.162 , pp. 2227-2234
    • Yee, C.1    Savage, P.A.2    Lee, P.P.3    Davis, M.M.4    Greenberg, P.D.5
  • 8
    • 0024393676 scopus 로고
    • Role of CD4 in thymocyte selection and maturation
    • Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C. et al. Role of CD4 in thymocyte selection and maturation. J. Exp. Med. 169, 2085-2096 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.169 , pp. 2085-2096
    • Zuniga-Pflucker, J.C.1
  • 9
    • 0030864458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonist peptide modulates T-cell selection thresholds through qualitative and quantitative shifts in CD8 co-receptor expression
    • Chidgey, A. & Boyd, R. Agonist peptide modulates T-cell selection thresholds through qualitative and quantitative shifts in CD8 co-receptor expression. Int. Immunol. 9, 1527-1536 (1997).
    • (1997) Int. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 1527-1536
    • Chidgey, A.1    Boyd, R.2
  • 10
    • 0026612411 scopus 로고
    • fyn mutant mice display differential signaling in thymocytes and peripheral T cells
    • fyn mutant mice display differential signaling in thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Cell 70, 741-750 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.70 , pp. 741-750
    • Stein, P.L.1    Lee, H.M.2    Rich, S.3    Soriano, P.4
  • 11
    • 0035340760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine tuning of TCR signaling by CD5
    • Azzam, H. S. et al. Fine tuning of TCR signaling by CD5. J. Immunol. 166, 5464-5472 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.166 , pp. 5464-5472
    • Azzam, H.S.1
  • 12
    • 0029904138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct regulation of ZAP-70 by SHP-1 in T-cell antigen receptor signaling
    • Plas, D. R. et al. Direct regulation of ZAP-70 by SHP-1 in T-cell antigen receptor signaling. Science 272, 1173-1176 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1173-1176
    • Plas, D.R.1
  • 13
    • 0035892888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF type 2 receptor (p75) lowers the threshold of T-cell activation
    • Kim, E. Y. & Teh, H. S. TNF type 2 receptor (p75) lowers the threshold of T-cell activation. J. Immunol. 167, 6812-6820 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 6812-6820
    • Kim, E.Y.1    Teh, H.S.2
  • 14
    • 0029013301 scopus 로고
    • Lack of strict correlation of functional sensitization with the apparent affinity of MHC-peptide complexes for the TCR
    • al-Ramadi, B. K., Jelonek, M. T., Boyd, L. F., Margulies, D. H. & Bothwell, A. L. Lack of strict correlation of functional sensitization with the apparent affinity of MHC-peptide complexes for the TCR. J. Immunol. 155, 662-673 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Immunol. , vol.155 , pp. 662-673
    • Al-Ramadi, B.K.1    Jelonek, M.T.2    Boyd, L.F.3    Margulies, D.H.4    Bothwell, A.L.5
  • 15
    • 0029961893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis for T-cell recognition of altered peptide ligands: A single T-cell receptor can productively recognize a large continuum of related ligands
    • Kersh, G. J. & Allen, P. M., Structural basis for T-cell recognition of altered peptide ligands: a single T-cell receptor can productively recognize a large continuum of related ligands. J. Exp. Med. 184, 1259-1268 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.184 , pp. 1259-1268
    • Kersh, G.J.1    Allen, P.M.2
  • 16
    • 0026463910 scopus 로고
    • Cross-reactive antigen recognition by an encephalitogenic T-cell receptor. Implications for T-cell biology and autoimmunity
    • Wraith, D. C., Bruun, B. & Fairchild, P. J. Cross-reactive antigen recognition by an encephalitogenic T-cell receptor. Implications for T-cell biology and autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 149, 3765-3770 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Immunol. , vol.149 , pp. 3765-3770
    • Wraith, D.C.1    Bruun, B.2    Fairchild, P.J.3
  • 17
    • 0034659119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantigen-responsive T-cell clones demonstrate unfocused TCR Cross-reactivity toward multiple related ligands: Implications for autoimmunity
    • Anderson, A. C. et al. Autoantigen-responsive T-cell clones demonstrate unfocused TCR Cross-reactivity toward multiple related ligands: implications for autoimmunity. Cell. Immunol. 202, 88-96 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell. Immunol. , vol.202 , pp. 88-96
    • Anderson, A.C.1
  • 18
    • 0032171644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A very high level of crossreactivity is an essential feature of the T-cell receptor
    • Mason, D. A very high level of crossreactivity is an essential feature of the T-cell receptor. Immunol. Today 19, 395-404 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunol. Today , vol.19 , pp. 395-404
    • Mason, D.1
  • 19
    • 0033565717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How specific should immunological memory be?
    • Borghans, J. A., Noest, A. J. & De Bcer, R. J. How specific should immunological memory be? J. Immunol. 163, 569-575 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 569-575
    • Borghans, J.A.1    Noest, A.J.2    De Bcer, R.J.3
  • 20
    • 0028273017 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a differential avidity model of T-cell selection in the thymus
    • Ashtonnckardt, P. G. et al. Evidence for a differential avidity model of T-cell selection in the thymus. Cell 76, 651-663 (1994).
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 651-663
    • Ashtonnckardt, P.G.1
  • 21
    • 0033009891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection of the T-cell repertoire
    • Sebzda, E. et al. Selection of the T-cell repertoire. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 829-874 (1999).
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 829-874
    • Sebzda, E.1
  • 22
    • 0035070797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A kinetic window constricts the T-cell receptor repertoire in the thymus
    • Savage, P. A. & Davis, M. M. A kinetic window constricts the T-cell receptor repertoire in the thymus. Immunity 14, 243-252 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 243-252
    • Savage, P.A.1    Davis, M.M.2
  • 23
    • 0022974996 scopus 로고
    • T-cell epitope of the autoantigen myelin basic protein that induces encephalomyelitis
    • Zamvil, S. S. et al. T-cell epitope of the autoantigen myelin basic protein that induces encephalomyelitis. Nature 324, 258-260 (1986).
    • (1986) Nature , vol.324 , pp. 258-260
    • Zamvil, S.S.1
  • 24
    • 0032076555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential tolerance is induced in T cells recognizing distinct epitopes of myelin basic protein
    • Harrington, C. J. et al. Differential tolerance is induced in T cells recognizing distinct epitopes of myelin basic protein Immunity 8, 571-580 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunity , vol.8 , pp. 571-580
    • Harrington, C.J.1
  • 25
    • 0032526853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous myelin basic protein inactivates the high avidity T-cell repertoire
    • Targoni, O. S. & Lehmann, P. V. Endogenous myelin basic protein inactivates the high avidity T-cell repertoire. J. Exp. Med. 187, 2055-2063 (1998). References 24 and 25 show that high-avidity MBP-reactive T cells are present in MBP-deficient mice.
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 2055-2063
    • Targoni, O.S.1    Lehmann, P.V.2
  • 26
    • 0024504033 scopus 로고
    • Identification of an encephalitogenic determinant of myelin proteolipid protein for SJL mice
    • Tuohy, V. K., Lu, Z., Sobel, R. A., Laursen. R. A. & Lees, M. B. Identification of an encephalitogenic determinant of myelin proteolipid protein for SJL mice. J. Immunol. 142, 1523-1527 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Immunol. , vol.142 , pp. 1523-1527
    • Tuohy, V.K.1    Lu, Z.2    Sobel, R.A.3    Laursen, R.A.4    Lees, M.B.5
  • 27
    • 0034610973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequeney of autoreactive myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cells in the periphery of naive mice: Mechanisms of selection of the self-reactive repertoire
    • Anderson, A. C. et al. High frequeney of autoreactive myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cells in the periphery of naive mice: mechanisms of selection of the self-reactive repertoire. J. Exp. Med. 191, 761-770 (2000). Lack of autoantigen in the thymus allows a high frequency of PLP-reactive T cells to reach the periphery.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.191 , pp. 761-770
    • Anderson, A.C.1
  • 28
    • 0023389399 scopus 로고
    • Splice site selection in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene transcript and primary structure of the DM-20 protein of central nervous system myelin
    • Nave, K. A., Lai, C., Bloom, F. E. & Milner, R. J. Splice site selection in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene transcript and primary structure of the DM-20 protein of central nervous system myelin. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 5665-5669 (1987).
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 5665-5669
    • Nave, K.A.1    Lai, C.2    Bloom, F.E.3    Milner, R.J.4
  • 29
    • 0035795102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have increased thymic expression of myelin basic protein and increased MBP-specific T-cell tolerance
    • Liu, H., MacKenzie-Graham, A. J., Kim, S. & Voskuhl, R. R. Mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have increased thymic expression of myelin basic protein and increased MBP-specific T-cell tolerance. J. Neuroimmunol. 115, 118-126 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.115 , pp. 118-126
    • Liu, H.1    MacKenzie-Graham, A.J.2    Kim, S.3    Voskuhl, R.R.4
  • 30
    • 0033025703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymic selection by a single MHC-peptide ligand: Autoreactive T cells are low-affinity cells
    • Lee, D. S., Ahn, C., Ernst, B., Sprent, J. & Surh, C. D. Thymic selection by a single MHC-peptide ligand: autoreactive T cells are low-affinity cells. Immunity 10, 83-92 (1999).
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.10 , pp. 83-92
    • Lee, D.S.1    Ahn, C.2    Ernst, B.3    Sprent, J.4    Surh, C.D.5
  • 31
    • 0028824098 scopus 로고
    • Low-avidity recognition of self-antigen by T cells permits escape from central tolerance
    • Liu, G. Y. et al. Low-avidity recognition of self-antigen by T cells permits escape from central tolerance. Immunity 3, 407-415 (1995). The administration of superagonist, but not wild-type, MBP peptide deletes TCR-transgenic thymocytes. Therefore, weak peptide-MHC interactions fail to induce central tolerance.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.3 , pp. 407-415
    • Liu, G.Y.1
  • 32
    • 0032482175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that the autoimmune antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-9 binds towards one end of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cleft
    • Lee, C. et al. Evidence that the autoimmune antigen myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac1-9 binds towards one end of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) cleft. J. Exp. Med. 187, 1505-1516 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.187 , pp. 1505-1516
    • Lee, C.1
  • 33
    • 0030589288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymic expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). Activation of MBP-specific T cells by thymic cells in the absence of exogenous MBP
    • Fritz, R. B. & Zhao, M. L. Thymic expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). Activation of MBP-specific T cells by thymic cells in the absence of exogenous MBP. J. Immunol. 157, 5249-5253 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 5249-5253
    • Fritz, R.B.1    Zhao, M.L.2
  • 34
    • 0030067815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The class II MHC I-Ag7 molecules from non-obese diabetic mice are poor peptide binders
    • Carrasco-Mann, E. Shimizu, J., Kanagawa, O. & Unanue, E. R. The class II MHC I-Ag7 molecules from non-obese diabetic mice are poor peptide binders. J. Immunol. 156, 450-458 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 450-458
    • Carrasco-Mann, E.1    Shimizu, J.2    Kanagawa, O.3    Unanue, E.R.4
  • 35
    • 0033617472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new look at MHC and autoimmune disease
    • Ridgway, W. M., Fasso, M. & Fathman, C. G. A new look at MHC and autoimmune disease. Science 284, 749-751 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , pp. 749-751
    • Ridgway, W.M.1    Fasso, M.2    Fathman, C.G.3
  • 36
    • 0024342833 scopus 로고
    • T-cell determinants of myelin basic protein include a unique encephalitogenic I-E-restricted epitope for Lewis rats
    • Offner, H. et al. T-cell determinants of myelin basic protein include a unique encephalitogenic I-E-restricted epitope for Lewis rats. J. Exp. Med. 170, 355-367 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Exp. Med. , vol.170 , pp. 355-367
    • Offner, H.1
  • 37
    • 0023705918 scopus 로고
    • Two minor determinants of myelin basic protein induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice
    • Kono, D. H. et al. Two minor determinants of myelin basic protein induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice. J. Exp. Med. 168, 213-227 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Exp. Med. , vol.168 , pp. 213-227
    • Kono, D.H.1
  • 38
    • 0025370870 scopus 로고
    • T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis
    • Ota, K. et al. T-cell recognition of an immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope in multiple sclerosis. Nature 346, 163-187 (1990).
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 163-187
    • Ota, K.1
  • 40
    • 0032542285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An asparaginyl endopeptidase processes a microbial antigen for class II MHC presentation
    • Manoury, B. et al. An asparaginyl endopeptidase processes a microbial antigen for class II MHC presentation, Nature 396, 695-699 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 695-699
    • Manoury, B.1
  • 41
    • 0033696962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of antigen presentation by a single protease cleavage site
    • Antoniou, A. N., Blackwood, S. L., Mazzeo, D. & Watts, C. Control of antigen presentation by a single protease cleavage site. Immunity 12, 391-398 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.12 , pp. 391-398
    • Antoniou, A.N.1    Blackwood, S.L.2    Mazzeo, D.3    Watts, C.4
  • 42
    • 0036167693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Destructive processing by asparagine endopeptidase limits presentation of a dominant T-cell epitope in MBR
    • Manoury, B. et al. Destructive processing by asparagine endopeptidase limits presentation of a dominant T-cell epitope in MBR Nature Immunol. 3, 169-174 (2002). Antigen processing might infuence thymic deletion by preventing efficient generation of self-peptide-MHC complexes.
    • (2002) Nature Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 169-174
    • Manoury, B.1
  • 43
    • 0026443849 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive cellular interactions in the immune system: The tunable activation threshold and the significance of subthreshold responses
    • Grossman, Z. & Paul, W. E. Adaptive cellular interactions in the immune system: the tunable activation threshold and the significance of subthreshold responses. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10365-10369 (1992).
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 10365-10369
    • Grossman, Z.1    Paul, W.E.2
  • 44
    • 0035546126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoreactivity, dynamic tuning and selectivity
    • Grossman, Z. & Paul, W. E. Autoreactivity, dynamic tuning and selectivity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 13, 687-698 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.13 , pp. 687-698
    • Grossman, Z.1    Paul, W.E.2
  • 45
    • 0032538986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preselection thymocytes are more sensitive to T-cell receptor stimulation than mature T cells
    • Davey, G. M. et al. Preselection thymocytes are more sensitive to T-cell receptor stimulation than mature T cells. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1867-1874 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 1867-1874
    • Davey, G.M.1
  • 46
    • 0030003476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature T-cell reactivity altered by peptide agonist that induces positive selection
    • Sebzda, E. et al. Mature T-cell reactivity altered by peptide agonist that induces positive selection. J. Exp. Med. 183, 1093-1104 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med. , vol.183 , pp. 1093-1104
    • Sebzda, E.1
  • 48
    • 0033103008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent changes in the sensitivity of maturing T cells to structurally related ligands underlies formation of a useful T-cell repertoire
    • Lucas, B., Stefanova, I., Yasutomo, K., Dautigny, N. & Germain, R. N. Divergent changes in the sensitivity of maturing T cells to structurally related ligands underlies formation of a useful T-cell repertoire. Immunity 10, 367-376 (1999). References 46-48 provide strong evidence for the tuning of T-cell avidity during thymic maturation.
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.10 , pp. 367-376
    • Lucas, B.1    Stefanova, I.2    Yasutomo, K.3    Dautigny, N.4    Germain, R.N.5
  • 49
    • 0027967385 scopus 로고
    • Partial T-cell signaling: Altered phospho-ζ and lack of ZAP70 recruitment in APL-induced T-cell anergy
    • Sloan-Lancaster, J., Shaw, A. S., Rothbard, J. B. & Allen, P. M. Partial T-cell signaling: altered phospho-ζ and lack of ZAP70 recruitment in APL-induced T-cell anergy. Cell 79, 913-922 (1994).
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 913-922
    • Sloan-Lancaster, J.1    Shaw, A.S.2    Rothbard, J.B.3    Allen, P.M.4
  • 50
    • 0031726905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • +-T-cell tolerance by cross-presentation of self-antigens
    • +-T-cell tolerance by cross-presentation of self-antigens. Immunol. Rev. 165, 267-277 (1998).
    • (1998) Immunol. Rev. , vol.165 , pp. 267-277
    • Miller, J.1
  • 51
    • 0033581935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selecting and maintaining a diverse T-cell repertoire
    • Goldrath, A. W. & Bevan, M. J. Selecting and maintaining a diverse T-cell repertoire. Nature 402, 255-262 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 255-262
    • Goldrath, A.W.1    Bevan, M.J.2
  • 53
    • 0033180491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The peptide ligands mediating positive selection in the thymus control T-cell survival and homeostatic proliferation in the periphery
    • Ernst, B., Lee, D. S., Chang, J. M., Sprent, J. & Surh, C. D. The peptide ligands mediating positive selection in the thymus control T-cell survival and homeostatic proliferation in the periphery. Immunity 11, 173-181 (1999).
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.11 , pp. 173-181
    • Ernst, B.1    Lee, D.S.2    Chang, J.M.3    Sprent, J.4    Surh, C.D.5
  • 54
    • 0030727150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells
    • Brocker, T. Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 166, 1223-1232 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1223-1232
    • Brocker, T.1
  • 55
  • 56
    • 0030775139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral T-cell survival requires continual ligation of the T-cell receptor to major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecules
    • Kirberg, J., Berns, A. & von Boehmer H. Peripheral T-cell survival requires continual ligation of the T-cell receptor to major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecules. J. Exp. Med. 186, 1269-1275 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.186 , pp. 1269-1275
    • Kirberg, J.1    Berns, A.2    Von Boehmer, H.3
  • 57
    • 0034082410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonclassical MHC class II molecules
    • Alfonso, C. & Kadsson, L. Nonclassical MHC class II molecules. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 113-142 (2000).
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 113-142
    • Alfonso, C.1    Kadsson, L.2
  • 58
    • 0033136944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing and maintaining the mature TCR repertoire: The continuum of self-peptide-self-MHC complex recognition
    • Viret, C., Wong, F. S. & Janeway, C. A. Jr. Designing and maintaining the mature TCR repertoire: the continuum of self-peptide-self-MHC complex recognition. Immunity 10, 559-568 (1999).
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.10 , pp. 559-568
    • Viret, C.1    Wong, F.S.2    Janeway C.A., Jr.3
  • 59
    • 0029945575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen presentation and T-cell development in H2-M-deficient mice
    • Fung-Leung, W.-P. et al. Antigen presentation and T-cell development in H2-M-deficient mice. Science 271, 1278-1281 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1278-1281
    • Fung-Leung, W.-P.1
  • 60
    • 0035881574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells in vivo: Multiple thresholds in response to a constant level of antigen presentation
    • + T cells in vivo: multiple thresholds in response to a constant level of antigen presentation J. Immunol. 167, 2030-2039 (2001). This study shows that encounter with self-antigen tunes T-cell-activation thresholds in the periphery.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 2030-2039
    • Tanchot, C.1    Barber, D.L.2    Chiodetti, L.3    Schwartz, R.H.4
  • 61
    • 0032968708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of T-cell receptor signaling: Complex orchestration and the key roles of tempo and cooperation
    • Germain, R. N. & Stefanova, I. The dynamics of T-cell receptor signaling: complex orchestration and the key roles of tempo and cooperation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 467-522 (1999).
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 467-522
    • Germain, R.N.1    Stefanova, I.2
  • 62
    • 0035693584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD8 binding to MHC class I molecules is influenced by maturation and T-cell glycosoation
    • Daniels, M. A. et al. CD8 binding to MHC class I molecules is influenced by maturation and T-cell glycosoation. Immunity 15, 1051-1061 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.15 , pp. 1051-1061
    • Daniels, M.A.1
  • 63
    • 0035900637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmentally regulated glycosylation of the CD8 αβ coreceptor stalk modulates ligand binding
    • Moody, A. M. et al. Developmentally regulated glycosylation of the CD8 αβ coreceptor stalk modulates ligand binding. Cell 107, 501-512 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.107 , pp. 501-512
    • Moody, A.M.1
  • 64
    • 0032936299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD5 negatively regulates the T-cell antigen receptor signal-transduction pathway: Involvement of SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1
    • Perez-Villar, J. J. et al. CD5 negatively regulates the T-cell antigen receptor signal-transduction pathway: involvement of SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 2903-2912 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 2903-2912
    • Perez-Villar, J.J.1
  • 65
    • 0344286709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of CD4 lineage development and responses by CD5
    • Pena-Rossi, C. et al. Negative regulation of CD4 lineage development and responses by CD5. J. Immunol. 163, 6494-6501 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Immunol. , vol.163 , pp. 6494-6501
    • Pena-Rossi, C.1
  • 66
    • 0035168144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory adaptation in naive peripheral CD4 T cells
    • Smith, K. et al. Sensory adaptation in naive peripheral CD4 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 194, 1253-1261 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Exp. Med. , vol.194 , pp. 1253-1261
    • Smith, K.1
  • 67
    • 0032846759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling by constitutive association of CD5 with the SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase in B-1 B cells
    • Sen, G., Bikah, G., Venkataraman, C. & Bondada, S. Negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling by constitutive association of CD5 with the SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase in B-1 B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 29, 3319-3328 (1999).
    • (1999) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.29 , pp. 3319-3328
    • Sen, G.1    Bikah, G.2    Venkataraman, C.3    Bondada, S.4
  • 68
    • 0035927093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic tuning of T-cell reactivity by self-peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands
    • Wong, P., Barton, G. M., Forbush, K. A. & Rudensky, A. Y. Dynamic tuning of T-cell reactivity by self-peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligands. J. Exp. Med. 193, 1179-1187 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Exp. Med. , vol.193 , pp. 1179-1187
    • Wong, P.1    Barton, G.M.2    Forbush, K.A.3    Rudensky, A.Y.4
  • 69
    • 0033966723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuning T-cell activation threshold and effector function with cross-reactive peptide ligands
    • Nicholson, L. B., Anderson, A. C. & Kuchroo, V. K. Tuning T-cell activation threshold and effector function with cross-reactive peptide ligands. Int. Immunol. 12, 205-213 (2000).
    • (2000) Int. Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 205-213
    • Nicholson, L.B.1    Anderson, A.C.2    Kuchroo, V.K.3
  • 70
    • 0035108309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased TCR avidity after T-cell activation: A mechanism for sensing low-density antigen
    • Fahmy, T. M., Bieler, J. G., Edidin, M. & Schneck, J. P. Increased TCR avidity after T-cell activation: a mechanism for sensing low-density antigen. Immunity 14, 135-143 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 135-143
    • Fahmy, T.M.1    Bieler, J.G.2    Edidin, M.3    Schneck, J.P.4
  • 71
    • 0034889233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells without selection of higher affinity TCR
    • + T cells without selection of higher affinity TCR. Nature Immunol. 2, 711-717 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 711-717
    • Slifka, M.K.1    Whitton, J.L.2
  • 72
    • 0025995510 scopus 로고
    • A single amino-acid change in a myelin basic protein peptide confers the capacity to prevent, rather than induce, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Smilek, D. E. et al. A single amino-acid change in a myelin basic protein peptide confers the capacity to prevent, rather than induce, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9633-9637 (1991).
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 9633-9637
    • Smilek, D.E.1
  • 73
    • 0030584796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of T-cell activation: Role of TCR-ligand density and TCR affinity
    • Kim, D. T., Rothbard, J. B., Bloom, D. D. & Fathman, C. G. Quantitative analysis of T-cell activation: role of TCR-ligand density and TCR affinity. J. Immunol. 156, 2737-2742 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 2737-2742
    • Kim, D.T.1    Rothbard, J.B.2    Bloom, D.D.3    Fathman, C.G.4
  • 74
    • 17344362313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ugand recognition by αβ T-cell receptors
    • Davis, M. M. et al. Ugand recognition by αβ T-cell receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16, 523-544 (1998).
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.16 , pp. 523-544
    • Davis, M.M.1
  • 75
    • 0031935753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heteroclitic proliferative responses and changes in cytokine profile induced by altered peptides: Implications for autoimmunity
    • Nicholson, L. B. et al. Heteroclitic proliferative responses and changes in cytokine profile induced by altered peptides: implications for autoimmunity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 264-269 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 264-269
    • Nicholson, L.B.1
  • 76
    • 0033118739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A kinetic basis for T-cell-receptor repertoire selection during an immune response
    • Savage, P. A., Boniface, J. J. & Davis, M. M. A kinetic basis for T-cell-receptor repertoire selection during an immune response. Immunity 10, 485-492 (1999).
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.10 , pp. 485-492
    • Savage, P.A.1    Boniface, J.J.2    Davis, M.M.3
  • 77
    • 0033557173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell affinity maturation by selective expansion during infection
    • Busch, D. H. & Pamer, E. G. T-cell affinity maturation by selective expansion during infection. J. Exp. Med. 189, 701-710 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 701-710
    • Busch, D.H.1    Pamer, E.G.2
  • 78
    • 0034684648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell response in vivo
    • + T-cell response in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1719-1730 (2000). This paper describes the selection of moderate-affinity TCRs during an immune response.
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med. , vol.192 , pp. 1719-1730
    • Fasso, M.1
  • 79
    • 0033578388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell responses in vivo and in vitro
    • + T-cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 9781-9786 (1999). The loss of high-affinity TCRs can be caused by high antigen doses in vivo and in vitro.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 9781-9786
    • Rees, W.1
  • 80
    • 0032529387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Termination of peripheral tolerance to a T-cell epitope by heteroclitic antigen analogues
    • Zugel, U. et al Termination of peripheral tolerance to a T-cell epitope by heteroclitic antigen analogues. J. Immunol. 161, 1705-1709 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.161 , pp. 1705-1709
    • Zugel, U.1
  • 81
    • 0033523640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stimulation of low-affinity, non-tolerized clones by heteroclitic antigen analogues causes the breaking of tolerance established to an immunodominant T-cell epitope
    • Wang, R., Wang-Zhu, Y., Gabaglia, C. R., Kimachi, K. & Grey, H. M. The stimulation of low-affinity, non-tolerized clones by heteroclitic antigen analogues causes the breaking of tolerance established to an immunodominant T-cell epitope. J. Exp. Med. 190, 983-994 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.190 , pp. 983-994
    • Wang, R.1    Wang-Zhu, Y.2    Gabaglia, C.R.3    Kimachi, K.4    Grey, H.M.5
  • 82
    • 0033785026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific elimination of T cells induced by oligomerized hemagglutinin (HA) 306-318
    • Falk, K., Rotzschke, O. & Strominger, J. L. Antigen-specific elimination of T cells induced by oligomerized hemagglutinin (HA) 306-318. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 3012-3020 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 3012-3020
    • Falk, K.1    Rotzschke, O.2    Strominger, J.L.3
  • 83
    • 0014340569 scopus 로고
    • A The dosage requirements for immunological paralysis by soluble proteins
    • Mitchison, N. A The dosage requirements for immunological paralysis by soluble proteins. Immunology 15, 509-530 (1968).
    • (1968) Immunology , vol.15 , pp. 509-530
    • Mitchison, N.1
  • 84
    • 0029995015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous injection of soluble antigen induces thymic and peripheral T-cell apoptosis
    • Liblau, R. S. et al. Intravenous injection of soluble antigen induces thymic and peripheral T-cell apoptosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 3031-3036 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 3031-3036
    • Liblau, R.S.1
  • 85
    • 0028215537 scopus 로고
    • T-cell deletion in high-antigen-dose therapy of autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Critchfield, J. M. et al. T-cell deletion in high-antigen-dose therapy of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science 263, 1139-1143 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1139-1143
    • Critchfield, J.M.1
  • 86
    • 0030973661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with altered myelin basic protein peptides involves different cellular mechanisms
    • Gaur, A. et al. Amelioration of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with altered myelin basic protein peptides involves different cellular mechanisms. J. Neuroimmunol. 74, 149-158 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.74 , pp. 149-158
    • Gaur, A.1
  • 87
    • 0033007321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis - Immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment
    • Lenardo, M. et al. Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis - immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17, 221-253 (1999).
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.17 , pp. 221-253
    • Lenardo, M.1
  • 88
    • 0031038173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis and T helper 2 (Th2) responses correlates with peptide affinity for the major histocompatibility complex in self-reactive T-cell-receptor-transgenic mice
    • Pearson, C. I., van Ewijk, W. & McDevitt, H. O. Induction of apoptosis and T helper 2 (Th2) responses correlates with peptide affinity for the major histocompatibility complex in self-reactive T-cell-receptor-transgenic mice. J. Exp. Med. 185, 583-599 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Exp. Med. , vol.185 , pp. 583-599
    • Pearson, C.I.1    Van Ewijk, W.2    McDevitt, H.O.3
  • 89
    • 0022375427 scopus 로고
    • Amino-acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: Mechanism for autoimmunity
    • Fujinami, R. S. & Oldstone, M. B. Amino-acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity. Science 230, 1043-1045 (1985).
    • (1985) Science , vol.230 , pp. 1043-1045
    • Fujinami, R.S.1    Oldstone, M.B.2
  • 90
    • 0034235795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell tolerance based on avidity thresholds rather than complete deletion allows maintenance of maximal repertoire diversity
    • Sandberg, J. K. et al. T-cell tolerance based on avidity thresholds rather than complete deletion allows maintenance of maximal repertoire diversity. J. Immunol. 165, 25-33 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 25-33
    • Sandberg, J.K.1
  • 91
    • 0034507693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of negative selection on the T-cell repertoire reactive to a self-peptide: A large fraction of T-cell clones escapes clonal deletion
    • Bouneaud, C., Kourilsky, P. & Bousso, P. Impact of negative selection on the T-cell repertoire reactive to a self-peptide: a large fraction of T-cell clones escapes clonal deletion. Immunity 13, 829-840 (2000). References 90 and 91 show that a proportion of self-reactive TCR-transgenic T cells avoid deletion, but that they are of low avidity.
    • (2000) Immunity , vol.13 , pp. 829-840
    • Bouneaud, C.1    Kourilsky, P.2    Bousso, P.3
  • 92
    • 0025286210 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of antigen-presenting cell MHC class-II-peptide complexes necessary for T-cell stimulation
    • Harding, C. V. & Unanue, E. R. Quantitation of antigen-presenting cell MHC class-II-peptide complexes necessary for T-cell stimulation. Nature 346, 574-576 (1990).
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 574-576
    • Harding, C.V.1    Unanue, E.R.2
  • 93
    • 0031458442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The minimal number of antigen-major histocompatibility complex class II complexes required for activation of naive and primed T cells
    • Kimachi, K., Croft, M. & Grey, H. M. The minimal number of antigen-major histocompatibility complex class II complexes required for activation of naive and primed T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 3310-3317 (1997).
    • (1997) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 3310-3317
    • Kimachi, K.1    Croft, M.2    Grey, H.M.3
  • 94
    • 0029037210 scopus 로고
    • Serial triggering of many T-cell receptors by a few peptide-MHC complexes
    • Valitutti, S., Muller, S, Cella, M., Padovan, E. & Lanzavecchia, A. Serial triggering of many T-cell receptors by a few peptide-MHC complexes. Nature 375, 148-151 (1995).
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 148-151
    • Valitutti, S.1    Muller, S.2    Cella, M.3    Padovan, E.4    Lanzavecchia, A.5
  • 95
    • 0028926223 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry in T-cell-mediated autoimmunity: Viral peptides activate human T-cell clones specific for myelin basic protein
    • Wucherpfennig, K. W. & Strominger, J. L. Molecular mimicry in T-cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T-cell clones specific for myelin basic protein. Cell 80, 695-705 (1995).
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 695-705
    • Wucherpfennig, K.W.1    Strominger, J.L.2
  • 96
    • 0031832479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A viral peptide with limited homology to a self-peptide can induce clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Gautam, A. M., Liblau, R., Chelvanayagam, G., Steinman, L. & Boston, T. A viral peptide with limited homology to a self. peptide can induce clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 161, 60-64 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.161 , pp. 60-64
    • Gautam, A.M.1    Liblau, R.2    Chelvanayagam, G.3    Steinman, L.4    Boston, T.5
  • 97
    • 0032476612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo survival of vital antigen-specific T cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Ufret-Vincenty, R. L. et al. In vivo survival of vital antigen-specific T cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 188, 1725-1738 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med. , vol.188 , pp. 1725-1738
    • Ufret-Vincenty, R.L.1
  • 98
    • 0033583424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial epitopes act as altered peptide ligands to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Ruiz, P. J. et al. Microbial epitopes act as altered peptide ligands to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 189, 1275-1284 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 1275-1284
    • Ruiz, P.J.1
  • 99
    • 0033023432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the strength of co-stimulation through the B7/CD28 pathway alter functional T-cell responses to altered peptide ligands
    • Murtaza, A., Kuchroo, V. K. & Freeman, G. J. Changes in the strength of co-stimulation through the B7/CD28 pathway alter functional T-cell responses to altered peptide ligands. Int. Immunol. 11, 407-416 (1999).
    • (1999) Int. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 407-416
    • Murtaza, A.1    Kuchroo, V.K.2    Freeman, G.J.3
  • 100
    • 0034979337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-presenting cell activation: A link between infection and autoimmunity?
    • Kissler, S., Anderton, S. M. & Wraith, D. C. Antigen-presenting cell activation: a link between infection and autoimmunity? J. Autoimmun. 16, 303-308 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Autoimmun. , vol.16 , pp. 303-308
    • Kissler, S.1    Anderton, S.M.2    Wraith, D.C.3
  • 101
    • 0034020702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can dendritic cells cause autoimmune disease?
    • Drakesmith, H., Chain, B. & Bevedey, P. How can dendritic cells cause autoimmune disease? Immunol. Today 21, 214-217 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunol. Today , vol.21 , pp. 214-217
    • Drakesmith, H.1    Chain, B.2    Bevedey, P.3
  • 102
    • 0032410575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo priming of T cells against cryptic determinants by dendritic cells exposed to interleukin-6 and native antigen
    • Drakesmith, H. et al. In vivo priming of T cells against cryptic determinants by dendritic cells exposed to interleukin-6 and native antigen. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14903-14908 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 14903-14908
    • Drakesmith, H.1
  • 103
    • 0035916803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bm-CPI-2, a cystatin homolog secreted by the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, inhibits class II MHC-restricted antigen processing
    • Manoury, B., Gregory, W. F., Maizels, R. M. & Watts, C. Bm-CPI-2, a cystatin homolog secreted by the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, inhibits class II MHC-restricted antigen processing. Curr. Biol. 11, 447-451 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 447-451
    • Manoury, B.1    Gregory, W.F.2    Maizels, R.M.3    Watts, C.4
  • 104
    • 0035424309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-translational protein modifications in antigen recognition and autoimmunity
    • Doyle, H. A. & Mamula, M. J. Post-translational protein modifications in antigen recognition and autoimmunity. Trends Immunol. 22, 443-449 (2001).
    • (2001) Trends Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 443-449
    • Doyle, H.A.1    Mamula, M.J.2
  • 105
    • 0027333348 scopus 로고
    • Tickling the TCR - Selective T-cell functions stimulated by altered peptide ligands
    • Evavold, B. D., Sloanlancaster, J. & Alien, P. M. Tickling the TCR - selective T-cell functions stimulated by altered peptide ligands. Immunol. Today 14, 602-609 (1993).
    • (1993) Immunol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 602-609
    • Evavold, B.D.1    Sloanlancaster, J.2    Alien, P.M.3
  • 106
    • 0026434554 scopus 로고
    • H-cell proliferation by an altered T-cell receptor ligand
    • H-cell proliferation by an altered T-cell receptor ligand. Science 252, 1308-1310 (1991).
    • (1991) Science , vol.252 , pp. 1308-1310
    • Evavold, B.D.1    Allen, P.M.2
  • 107
    • 0026503161 scopus 로고
    • Antigen analog-major histocompatibility complexes act as antagonists of the T-cell receptor
    • De Magistris, M. T. et al. Antigen analog-major histocompatibility complexes act as antagonists of the T-cell receptor. Cell 68, 625-634 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.68 , pp. 625-634
    • De Magistris, M.T.1
  • 108
    • 0029933309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered peptide ligand-induced partial T-cell activation: Molecular mechanisms and role in T-cell biology
    • Sloan-Lancaster, J. & Allen, P. M. Altered peptide ligand-induced partial T-cell activation: molecular mechanisms and role in T-cell biology. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14, 1-27 (1996).
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 1-27
    • Sloan-Lancaster, J.1    Allen, P.M.2
  • 109
    • 0035675871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peptide-based immunotherapy of autoimmunity: A path of puzzles, paradoxes and possibilities
    • Anderton, S. M. Peptide-based immunotherapy of autoimmunity: a path of puzzles, paradoxes and possibilities. Immunology 104, 367-376 (2001).
    • (2001) Immunology , vol.104 , pp. 367-376
    • Anderton, S.M.1
  • 110
    • 0035554950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmunity provoked by infection: How good is the case for T-cell epitope mimicry?
    • Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Autoimmunity provoked by infection: how good is the case for T-cell epitope mimicry? Nature Immunol. 2, 797-801 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 797-801
    • Benoist, C.1    Mathis, D.2
  • 111
    • 0034984268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between viral infection and autoimmunity
    • Panoutsakopoulou, V. & Cantor, H. On the relationship between viral infection and autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun. 16, 341-345 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Autoimmun. , vol.16 , pp. 341-345
    • Panoutsakopoulou, V.1    Cantor, H.2
  • 112
    • 0033619915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity
    • Albert, L. J. & Inman, R. D. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 2068-2074 (1999).
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.341 , pp. 2068-2074
    • Albert, L.J.1    Inman, R.D.2
  • 113
    • 0025755292 scopus 로고
    • Ablation of 'tolerance' and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen-transgenic mice
    • Ohashi, P. S. et al. Ablation of 'tolerance' and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen-transgenic mice Cell 65, 305-317 (1991).
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 305-317
    • Ohashi, P.S.1
  • 114
    • 0025754853 scopus 로고
    • Virus infection tnggers insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model: Role of anti-self (virus) immune response
    • Oldstone, M. B., Nerenberg, M., Southern, P., Price, J. & Lewicki, H. Virus infection tnggers insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model: role of anti-self (virus) immune response. Cell 65, 319-331 (1991).
    • (1991) Cell , vol.65 , pp. 319-331
    • Oldstone, M.B.1    Nerenberg, M.2    Southern, P.3    Price, J.4    Lewicki, H.5
  • 115
    • 0032193227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion by self antigen is necessary for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by T cells primed with a cross-reactive environmental antigen
    • Carrizosa, A. M. et al. Expansion by self antigen is necessary for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by T cells primed with a cross-reactive environmental antigen. J. Immunol. 161, 3307-3314 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.161 , pp. 3307-3314
    • Carrizosa, A.M.1
  • 116
    • 0027422750 scopus 로고
    • Expression of two T-cell receptor α-chains: Dual receptor T cells
    • Padovan, E. et al. Expression of two T-cell receptor α-chains: dual receptor T cells. Science 262, 422-424 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 422-424
    • Padovan, E.1
  • 117
    • 0029810903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function
    • Zal, T, Weiss, S., Mellor, A. & Stockinger, B. Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 9102-9107 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 9102-9107
    • Zal, T.1    Weiss, S.2    Mellor, A.3    Stockinger, B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.