How specific should immunological memory be?

Journal of Immunology

Volumn 163, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 569-575

  Borghans, José A M ^a   Noest, André J ^a   De Boer, Rob J ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CELL SPECIFICITY; CROSS REACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; MEMORY CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANIMALS; AUTOIMMUNITY; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY;

EID: 0033565717     PISSN: 00221767     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Janeway, C. A. 1989. Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold. Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 54:1.
2. Janeway, C. A. 1992. The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Immunol. Today 13:11.
3. Medzhitov, R., and C. A. Janeway. 1997. Innate immunity: the virtues of a non-clonal system of recognition. Cell 91:295.
4. Medzhitov, R., P. Preston-Hurlburt, and C. A. Janeway. 1997. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. Nature 388:394.
5. Medzhitov, R., and C. A. Janeway. 1997. Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:4.
6. Medzhitov, R., and C. A. Janeway. 1998. An ancient system of host defense. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10:12.
7. Matsushita, M., Y. Endo, M. Nonaka, and T. Fujita. 1998. Complement-related serine proteases in tunicates and vertebrates. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10:29.
8. Fearon, D. T., and R. M. Locksley. 1996. The instructive role of innate immunity in the acquired immune response. Science 272:50.
9. Medzhitov, R., and C. A. Janeway. 1996. On the semantics of immune recognition. Res. Immunol. 147:208.
10. Bretscher, P., and M. Cohn. 1970. A theory of self-nonself discrimination. Science 169:1042.
11. Jenkins, M. K., D. M. Pardoll, J. Mizuguchi, H. Quill, and R. H. Schwartz. 1987. T-cell unresponsiveness in vivo and in vitro: fine specificity of induction and molecular characterization of the unresponsive state. Immunol. Rev. 95:113.
12. Smith, C. A., T. Davis, D. Anderson, L. Solam, M. P. Beckmann, R. Jerzy, S. K. Dower, D. Cosman, and R. G. Goodwin. 1990. A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science 248:1019.
13. Barinaga, M. 1992. Viruses launch their own "star wars." Science 258:1730.
14. McFadden, G. 1995. Viroceptors, Virokines and Related Immune Modulators Encoded by DNA Viruses. R. G. Landes Company, Austin, TX.
15. Smith, G. L. 1996. Virus proteins that bind cytokines, chemokines or interferons. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8:467.
16. Spriggs, M. K. 1996. One step ahead of the game: viral immunomodulatory molecules. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:101.
17. Smith, G. L., J. A. Symons, A. Khanna, A. Vanderplasschen, and A. Alcami. 1997. Vaccinia virus immune evasion. Immunol. Rev. 159:137.
18. Cohen, I. R. 1992. The cognitive principle challenges clonal selection. Immunol. Today 13:441.
19. Cohen, I. R. 1992. The cognitive paradigm and the immunological homunculus. Immunol. Today 13:490.
20. Romagnani, S. 1992. Induction of TH1 and TH2 responses: a key role for the "natural" immune response? Immunol. Today 13:379.
21. Bendelac, A., and D. T. Fearon. 1997. Innate pathways that control acquired immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9:1.
22. Muraille, E., and O. Leo. 1998. Revisiting the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Scand. J. Immunol. 47:1.
23. Zinkernagel, R. M., S. Ehl, P. Aichele, S. Oehen, T. Kundig, and H. Hengartner. 1997. Antigen localisation regulates immune responses in a dose- and time-dependent fashion: a geographical view of immune reactivity. Immunol. Rev. 156: 199.
24. Matzinger, P. 1994. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:991.
25. Segel, L. A., and R. Lev Bar-Or. 1998. Or. Immunology viewed as the study of an autonomous decentralized system. In Artificial Immune Systems and Their Applications. D. Dasgupta, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 65-88.
26. Mondino, A., A. Khoruts, and M. K. Jenkins. 1996. The anatomy of T-cell activation and tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2245.
27. Butcher, E.C., and L. J. Picker. 1996. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 272:60.
28. Ohashi, P. S., S. Oehen, K. Buerki, H. Pircher, C. T. Ohashi, B. Odermatt, B. Malissen, R. M. Zinkernagel, and H. Hengartner. 1991. Ablation of "tolerance" and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice. Cell 65:305.
29. Oldstone, M. B., M. Nerenberg, P. Southern, J. Price, and H. Lewicki. 1991. Virus infection triggers insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model: role of anti-self (virus) immune response. Cell 65:319.
30. Kyburz, D., P. Aichele, D. E. Speiser, H. Hengartner, R. M. Zinkernagel, and H. Pircher. 1993. T cell immunity after a viral infection versus T cell tolerance induced by soluble viral peptides. Eur. J. Immunol. 23:1956.
31. Zhao, Z. S., F. Granucci, L. Yeh, P. A. Schaffer, and H. Cantor. 1998. Molecular mimicry by herpes simplex virus-type 1: autoimmune disease after viral infection. Science 279:1344.
32. Bachmaier, K., N. Neu, L. M. De la Maza, S. Pal, A. Hessel, and J. M. Penninger. 1999. Chlamydia infections and heart disease linked through antigenic mimicry. Science 283:1335.
33. Fazekas de St. Groth, S., and R. G. Webster. 1966. Disquisitions on original antigenic sin. I. Evidence in man. J. Exp. Med. 124:331.
34. Selin, L. K., S. R. Nahill, and R. M. Welsh. 1994. Cross-reactivities in memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of heterologous viruses. J. Exp. Med. 179: 1933.
35. Klenerman, P., and R. M. Zinkernagel. 1998. Original antigenic sin impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to viruses bearing variant epitopes. Nature 394: 482.
36. De Boer, R. J., and A. S. Perelson. 1993. How diverse should the immune system be? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 252:171.
37. Borghans, J. A. M., and R. J. De Boer. 1998. Crossreactivity of the T-cell receptor. Immunol. Today 19:428.
38. Whitaker, L., and A. M. Renton. 1993. On the plausibility of the clonal expansion theory of the immune system in terms of the combinatorial possibilities of amino-acids in antigen and self-tolerance. J. Theor. Biol. 164:531.
39. Nemazee, D. 1996. Antigen receptor "capacity" and the sensitivity of self-tolerance. Immunol. Today 17:25.
40. Schluesener, H. J., and H. Wekerle. 1985. Autoaggressive T lymphocyte lines recognizing the encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein: in vitro selection from unprimed rat T lymphocyte populations. J. Immunol. 135:3128.
41. Cibotti, R., J. M. Kanellopoulos, J. P. Cabaniols, O. Halle-Panenko, K. Kosmatopoulos, E. Sercarz, and P. Kourilsky. 1992. Tolerance to a self-protein involves its immunodominant but does not involve its subdominant determinants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:416.
42. Mason, D. 1998. A very high level of crossreactivity is an essential feature of the T-cell receptor. Immunol. Today 19:395.
43. Kelso, A. 1995. Th1 and Th2 subsets: paradigms lost? Immunol. Today 16:374.
44. + T cells activated in a T helper type 2-like response in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1168.
45. + T cells. Science 281:1352.
46. Bird, J. J., D. R. Brown, A. C. Mullen, N. H. Moskowitz, M. A. Mahowald, J. R. Sider, T. F. Gajewski, C. R. Wang, and S. L. Reiner. 1998. Helper T cell differentiation is controlled by the cell cycle. Immunity 9:229.
47. Langman, R. E., and M. Cohn. 1987. The E-T (elephant-tadpole) paradox necessitates the concept of a unit of B-cell function: the protection. Mol. Immunol. 24:675.
48. Clark, D. R., R. J. De Boer, K. C. Wolthers, and F. Miedema. 1999. T cell dynamics in HIV-1 infection. Adv. Immunol. In press.
49. Gavin, M. A., and M. J. Bevan. 1995. Increased peptide promiscuity provides a rationale for the lack of N regions in the neonatal T cell repertoire. Immunity 3:793.
50. Tanchot, C., and B. Rocha. 1998. The organization of mature T-cell pools. Immunol. Today 19:575.
51. Striebich, C. C., R. M. Miceli, D. H. Schulze, G. Kelsoe, and J. Cerny. 1990. Antigen-binding repertoire and Ig H chain gene usage among B cell hybridomas from normal and autoimmune mice. J. Immunol. 144:1857.
52. Manser, T., K. M. Tumas-Brundage, L. P. Casson, A. M. Giusti, S. Hande, E. Notidis, and K. A. Vora. 1998. The roles of antibody variable region hypermutation and selection in the development of the memory B-cell compartment. Immunol. Rev. 162:183.
53. Janeway, C. A., Jr., and P. Travers, eds. 1994. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. Garland Publications, New York.
54. Neuberger, M. S., and C. Milstein. 1995. Somatic hypermutation. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 7:248.
55. McHeyzer-Williams, M. G., J. D. Altman, and M. M. Davis. 1996. Enumeration and characterization of memory cells in the TH compartment. Immunol. Rev. 150:5.
56. Bachmann, M. F., U. Kalinke, A. Althage, G. Freer, C. Burkhart, H. Roost, M. Aguet, H. Hengartner, and R. M. Zinkernagel. 1997. The role of antibody concentration and avidity in antiviral protection. Science 276:2024.
57. Zinkernagel, R. M. 1997. Felix Hoppe-Seyler Lecture 1997: protective antibody responses against viruses. Biol. Chem. 378:725.
58. Wedemayer, G. J., P. A. Patten, L. H. Wang, P. G. Schultz, and R. C. Stevens. 1997. Structural insights into the evolution of an antibody combining site. Science 276:1665.
59. Ray, S. K., C. Putterman, and B. Diamond. 1996. Pathogenic autoantibodies are routinely generated during the response to foreign antigen: a paradigm for autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2019.
60. Bachmann, M. F., D. E. Speiser, and P. S. Ohashi. 1997. Functional maturation of an antiviral cytotoxic T-cell response. J. Virol. 71:5764.
61. Cohn, M., and R. E. Langman. 1990. The protecton: the unit of humoral immunity selected by evolution. Immunol. Rev. 115:11.
62. + T cells in primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. Immunity 8:683.
63. Murali-Krishna, K., J. D. Altman, M. Suresh, D. J. Sourdive, A. J. Zajac, J. D. Miller, J. Slansky, and R. Ahmed. 1998. Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a re-evaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. Immunity 8:177.
64. + T cells during an acute virus infection. Immunity 8:167.