Current status and future development of antitubercular chemotherapy

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1033-1049

  Kremer, Laurent ^a   Besra, Gurdyal S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Antitubercular drugs; Arabinogalactan; Cell wall; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycolic acids

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOSALICYLIC ACID; ARABINOGALACTAN; B 4157; B 746; CAPREOMYCIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLOFAZIMINE; CLOFAZIMINE DERIVATIVE; CYCLOSERINE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE (ATP HYDROLYSING); ETHAMBUTOL; ETHIONAMIDE; ISONIAZID; KANAMYCIN A; LINEZOLID; METRONIDAZOLE; MORPHOLINE DERIVATIVE; MOXIFLOXACIN; MYCOLIC ACID; OFLOXACIN; PNU 100480; PYRAZINAMIDE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFABUTIN; RIFALAZIL; RIFAMPICIN; STREPTOMYCIN; THIOACETAZONE; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VIOMYCIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL CELL WALL; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEATH; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TARGETING; ECONOMIC ASPECT; ENZYME INHIBITION; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION CONTROL; INHIBITION KINETICS; LONG TERM CARE; METABOLISM; MOUSE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; REVIEW; TUBERCULOSIS; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS; DRUG DESIGN; GENES, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MUTATION; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS, MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT;

EID: 0036045346     PISSN: 13543784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.11.8.1033     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases
2. Modelling the impact of global tuberculosis control strategies
3. Standard short-course chemotherapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis
4. Improved outcomes for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
5. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6. Molecular action of anti-mycobacterial agents
7. Molecular genetic basis of antimicrobial agent resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 1998 Update
8. Genetics of mycolic acid biosynthesis
9. The catalase-peroxidase gene and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
10. Mechanism studies of the oxidation of isoniazid by the catalase-perioxidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
11. inhA, a gene encoding a target for isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
12. Crystal structure and function of the isoniazid target of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
13. Enzymatic characterization of the target for isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
14. Inactivation of the inhA-encoded fatty acid synthase II (FASII) enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase induces accumulation of the FASI end products and cell lysis of Mycobacterium smegmatis
15. Overexpression of inhA, but not kasA, confers resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide in Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis
16. Modification of the NADH of the isoniazid target (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
17. Molecular determinants of drug resistance in tuberculosis
18. NADH dehydrogenase defects confer isoniazid resistance and conditional lethality in Mycobacterium smegmatis
19. Novel mutations in ndh in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
20. Cloning and characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Increased expression results in isoniazid resistance
21. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a polymorphic enzyme and a site of isoniazid metabolism
22. ahpC, a gene involved in isoniazid resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
23. Overproduction of mycobacterial ribosomal protein S13 induces catalase/peroxidase activity and hypersensitivity to isoniazid in Mycobacterium smegmatis
24. +-binding proteins in mycobacterial INH resistance
25. The genetics and biochemistry of isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
26. Experimental chemotherapy of tuberculosis. II. The synthesis of pyrazinamides and related compounds
27. Rifampin and pyrazinamide versus isoniazid for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons. An international randomized trial
28. In vitro antimycobacterial activity of 5-chloropyrazinamide
29. Mutations in pncA, a gene encoding pyrazinamidase/nicotinamidase, cause resistance to the antituberculous drug pyrazinamide in tubercle bacillus
30. Pyrazinamide inhibits the eukaryotic-like fatty acid synthetase I (FASI) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
31. Effects of pyrazinamide on fatty acid synthesis by whole mycobacterial cells and purified fatty acid synthase I
32. Recommendations on prophylaxis and therapy for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
33. Inhibition by ethambutol of mycolic acid transfer into the cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis
34. Effects of ethambutol on accumulation and secretion of trehalose mycolates and free mycolic acid in Mycobacterium smegmatis
35. Inhibition of synthesis of arabinogalactan by ethambutol in Mycobacterium smegmatis
36. The embAB genes of Mycobacterium avium encode an arabinosyl transferase involved in cell wall arabinan biosynthesis that is the target for the antimycobacterial drug ethambutol
37. The emb operon, a gene cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis involved in resistance to ethambutol
38. The role of the embA and embB gene products in the biosynthesis of the terminal hexaarabinofuranosyl motif of Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinogalactan
39. Ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Critical role of embB mutations
40. Susceptibility of mycobacteria to rifampin
41. Drug treatment of tuberculosis-1992
42. Mycobacterium smegmatis RNA polymerase: DNA supercoiling, action of rifampicin and mechanism of rifampicin resistance
43. Detection of rifampicin-resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
44. Bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics
45. Streptomycin resistance in mycobacteria
46. A ribosomal gene mutation in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates
47. Molecular basis of streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Alterations of the ribosomal protein S12 gene and point mutations within a functional 16S ribosomal RNA pseudoknot
48. Genetic alterations in streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Mapping of mutations conferring resistance
49. Molecular mechanisms of multiple drug resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
50. Activation of the pro-drug ethionamide is regulated in mycobacteria
51. Ethionamide activation and sensitivity in multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
52. The antituberculosis drug ethionamide is activated by a flavoprotein monooxygenase
53. In vitro activities of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, and M. kansasii
54. Mycobacteria and the new quinolones
55. Fluoroquinolones and tuberculosis
56. A multi-institutional outbreak of highly drug-resistant tuberculosis: Epidemiology and clinical outcomes
57. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA and gyrB genes and detection of quinolone resistance mutations
58. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis in New York City
59. In vitro and in vivo activities of moxifloxacin and clinafloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
60. Moxifloxacin (BAY12-8039), a new 8-methoxyguinolone is active in a mouse model of tuberculosis
61. Mode of action of the antimycobacterial agents and associated aspects of the molecular biology of mycobacteria
62. Lamprene (clofazimine) in leprosy
63. Antimycobacterial activities of riminophenazines
64. A new series of phenazines (rimino-compounds) with high antituberculosis activity
65. The mode of action of clofazimine DNA binding studies
66. Susceptibility of mycobacterial D-alanyl-D-alanyl synthetase to D-cycloserine
67. Overexpression of the D-alanine racemase gene confers resistance to D-cycloserine in Mycobacterium smegmatis
68. Para-aminosalicylic acid in treatment of tuberculosis
69. Once-daily and twice-daily dosing of p-aminosalicylic acid granules
70. The effect of p-aminosalicyclic acid on iron transport and assimilation in mycobacteria
71. Thiacetazone: In vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium and M. tuberculosis
72. Chemical and physical characterization of capreomycin
73. Efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin in combination with kanamycin and ethionamide in multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients: Preliminary results
74. Mechanism of resistance to amikacin and kanamycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
75. Cross-resistant relationships among the aminoglycoside antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
76. Overexpression and mechanistic analysis of chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside 2′-N-acetyltransferase (AAC(2')-Ic) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
77. Antituberculosis activities of clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157
78. Piperazinyl oxazolidinone antibacterial agents containing a pyridine, diazene, or triazene heteroaromatic ring
79. Identification of a novel oxazolidinone (U-100480) with potent antimycobacterial activity
80. Activities of several novel oxazolidinones against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine model
81. In vitro bactericidal and in vivo therapeutic activities of a new rifamycin derivative, KRM-1648, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
82. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of a new 3-azinomethyl-rifamycin (rifametane) as compared to rifampicin
83. Metronidazole is bactericidal to dormant cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
84. In vitro and in vivo activities of the nitroimidazole CGI 17341 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
85. A small-molecule nitroimidazopyran drug candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis
86. Effects of ethionamide and isoxyl on mycolic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG
87. Antimycobacterial activities of isoxyl and new derivatives through the inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis
88. Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation and biological properties
89. Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. II. Structure elucidation
90. Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. III. In vitro antibacterial activity
91. Antimycobacterial action of thiolactomycin: An inhibitor of fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis
92. Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. IV. Biological properties and chemotherapeutic activity in mice
93. Thiolactomycin and related analogues as novel anti-mycobacterial agents targeting KasA and KasB condensing enzymes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
94. Purification and biochemical characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases, KasA and KasB
95. Mycolic acid biosynthesis and enzymatic characterization of the β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase A-condensing enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
96. Biflavonoids as novel antituberculosis agents
97. Bactericidal activities of the pyrrole derivative BM212 against multi-drug resistant and intramacrophagic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains
98. In vitro activity of a novel antimycobacterial compound, N-octanesulfonylacetamide, and its effects on lipid and mycolic acid synthesis
99. In vivo efficacy of ABT-255 against drug-sensitive and -resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains
100. Thalidomide treatment reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha production and enhances weight gain in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
101. Pentoxifylline therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive persons with tuberculosis: A randomized, controlled trial
102. Treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with interferon-gamma via aerosol
103. The envelope of mycobacteria
104. Recognition of multiple effects of ethambutol on metabolism of mycobacterial cell envelope
105. Biosynthesis of the linkage region of the mycobacterial cell wall
106. Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence
107. Determination of the pathway for rhamnose biosynthesis in mycobacteria: Cloning, sequencing and expression of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene encoding alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase
108. Conversion of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose to free dTDP-4-keto-rhamnose by the rmlC gene products of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
109. Drug targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall synthesis: Genetics of dTDP-rhamnose synthetic enzymes and development of a microtiter plate-based screen for inhibitors of conversion of dTDP-glucose to dTDP-rhamnose
110. The mycobacterial cell wall: Biosynthesis of arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan
111. Galactan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identification of a bifunctional UDP-Galactofuranosyltransferase
112. Biosynthetic origin of mycobacterial cell wall galactofuranosyl residues
113. UDP-galactopyranose mutase has a novel structure and mechanism
114. Cell wall core galactofuran synthesis is essential for growth of mycobacteria
115. Recognition of the lipid intermediate for arabinogalactan/arabinomannan biosynthesis and its relation to the mode of action of ethambutol on mycobacteria
116. Polyprenylphosphate-pentoses in mycobacteria are synthesized from 5-phosphoribose pyrophosphate
117. Control mechanisms for fatty acid synthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis
118. Mycobacterium smegmatis fatty acid synthetase, a mechanism based on steady state rates and product distributions
119. Bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis: Targets for antibacterial drug discovery
120. Identification and substrate specificity of beta-ketoacyl (acyl carrier protein) synthase III (mtFabH) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
121. Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III
122. Inhibition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-ketoacyl ACP synthase by isoniazid
123. Role of the major antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cell wall biogenesis
124. Inactivation of the antigen 85C gene profoundly affects the mycolate content and alters the permeability of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope
125. The M. tuberculosis antigen 85 complex and mycolyltransferase activity
126. Identification of the apparent carrier in mycolic acid synthesis
127. Identification of a short (C15) chain Z-isoprenyl diphosphate synthase and a homologous long (C50) chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
128. Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and mice requires the glycoxylate shunt enzyme isocitrate lyase
129. A novel mycolic acid cyclopropane. synthase is required for cording, persistence and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
130. Complex lipid determines tissue-specific replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice
131. Analysis of the phthiocerol dimycocerosate locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Evidence that this lipid is involved in the cell wall permeability barrier
132. The methyl-branched fortifications of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
133. Attenuation of and protection induced by a leucine auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
134. Construction and phenotypic characterization of an auxotrophic mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis defective in L-arginine biosynthesis
135. Conditionally replicating mycobacteriophages: A system for transposon delivery to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
136. Re-emergence of tuberculosis: Strategies and treatment