Recent advances in our understanding of insulin action and insulin resistance

Diabetes Care

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 588-597

  Le Roith, Derek ^a   Zick, Yehiel ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENZYME INACTIVATION; ENZYME LOCALIZATION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HYPERINSULINEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN RESPONSE; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; SENSITIZATION;

EID: 0035091266     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.3.588     Document Type: Review

References (110)

1. Tumor necrosis factor-α suppresses insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and its substrates
2. The IRS-signaling system: A network of docking proteins that mediate insulin and cytokine action
3. Insulin signal transduction and the IRS proteins
4. Protein-protein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance
5. Insulin signaling: Metabolic pathways and mechanisms for specificity
6. The human IR cDNA: The structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signaling
7. Human IR and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes
8. Conformational changes of the IR upon insulin binding and activation as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy
9. Crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the human IR
10. Crystal structure of the activated IR tyrosine kinase in complex with peptide substrate and ATP analog
11. Pleckstrin domain homology
12. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IR substratein vivo depends upon the presence of its pleckstrin homology region
13. Protein modules and signaling networks
14. IR substrate-2 binds to the IR through its phosphotyrosine-binding domain and through a newly identified domain comprising amino acids 591-786
15. PTB domains of IRS-1 and Shc have distinct but overlapping binding specificities
16. Structure of the IRS-1 PTB domain bound to the juxtamembrahe region of the IR
17. Insulin action and the insulin signaling network
18. 14-3-3 Facilitates Ras-dependent Raf-1 activation in vitro and in vivo
19. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
20. Signaling mechanisms that regulate glucose transport
21. In vivo adenoviral delivery of recombinant human protein kinase C-ζ stimulates glucose transport activity in rat skeletal muscle
22. Activation of protein kinase C (α, β, and ζ) by insulin in 3T3/L1 cells: Transfection studies suggest a role for PKC-ζ in glucose transport
23. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase- 3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B
24. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is rapidly inactivated in response to insulin and phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor elF- 2B
25. PHAS/4EBPs as regulators of mRNA translation and cell proliferation
26. Novel membrane-targeted ERK1 and ERK2 chimeras which act as dominant negative, isotype-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors of Ras-Raf-mediated transcriptional activation of c-fos in NIH 3T3 cells
27. The Forkhead transcription factor DAF-16 transduces insulin-like metabolic and longevity signals in C. elegans
28. Phosphorylation of serine 256 by protein kinase B disrupts transactivation by FKHR and mediates effects of insulin on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein- 1 promoter activity through a conserved insulin response sequence
29. Molecular basis for the substrate specificity of protein kinase B: Comparison with MAPKAP kinase-1 and p70 S6 kinase
30. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor
31. Cell cycle and hormonal control of nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase, Sgk, in mammary tumor cells: A novel convergence point of antiproliferative and proliferative cell signaling pathways
32. Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) is a target of the P13-kinase-stimulated signaling pathway
33. Isolation of a Drosophila genomic sequence homologous to the kinase domain of the human IR and detection of the phosphorylated Drosophila receptor with an anti-peptide antibody
34. Insulin in insects and annelids
35. The carboxyl terminal extension of the Drosophila IR homologue binds IRS-1 and influences cell survival
36. Autonomous control of cell and organ size by CHICO, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate IRSI-4
37. Drosophila tumor suppressor PTEN controls cell size and number by antagonizing the CHICO/PI3-kinase signaling pathway
38. daf-2, daf-16 and daf-23: Genetically interacting genes controlling Dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans
39. daf-2, an IR-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans
40. The C. elegans PTEN homolog, DAF-18, acts in the IR-like metabolic signaling pathway
41. p60 is an adaptor for the Drosophila phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Dp 110
42. Syndromes associated with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans
43. A novel human IR gene mutation uniquely inhibits insulin binding without impairing posttranslational processing
44. Defect in phosphorylation of IRs in cells from an insulin-resistant patient with normal insulin binding
45. Characterization of binding and phosphorylation defects of erythrocyte IRs in the type A syndrome of insulin resistance
46. Mutations in the IR gene
47. Mutant IRs in syndromes of insulin resistance
48. IR kinase in human skeletal muscle from obese subjects with and without noninsulin dependent diabetes
49. Insulin-receptor autophosphorylation and endogenous substrate phosphorylation in human adipocytes from control, obese, and NIDDM subjects
50. Skeletal muscle protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and tyrosine phosphatase 1B protein content are associated with insulin action and resistance
51. Excessive insulin receptor serine phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts and in skeletal muscle: A potential mechanism for insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome
52. The insulin receptor: Signalling mechanism and contribution to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance
53. Insulin-stimulated serine and threonine phosphorylation of the human insulin receptor: An assessment of the role of serines 1305/1306 and threonine 1348 by their replacement with neutral or negatively charged amino acids
54. Phorbol ester-induced serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor decreases its tyrosine kinase activity
55. Increasing the cAMP content of IM-9 cells alters the phosphorylation state and protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor
56. Insulin receptor phosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity are decreased in intact skeletal muscle strips from obese subjects
57. Impaired glucose transport as a cause of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis in type 2 diabetes
58. Characterization of signal transduction and glucose transport in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients
59. A molecular basis for insulin resistance: Elevated serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2 inhibits their binding to the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor and impairs their ability to undergo insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation
60. IRS-1-mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-α- and obesity-induced insulin resistance
61. Serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 modulates insulin receptorsignaling
62. Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits insulin stimulation of insulin receptor substrate-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in 3T3-L 1 adipocytes without affecting glucose transport
63. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1): Possible mechanism for suppression of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS- 1
64. Modulation of insulin activities by leptin
65. Differential regulation of insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and phosphatidylinnsitol 3-kinase isoforms in liver and muscle of the obese diabetic (ob/ob) mouse
66. Regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in liver and muscle of animal models of insulin-resistant and insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus
67. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in human obesity and insulin resistance
68. The expression of TNF-α by human muscle: Relationship to insulin resistance
69. The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue: Regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase
70. Tumor necrosis factor-α in sera of obese patients: Fall with weight loss
71. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-α: Direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance
72. Effects of an engineered human anti-TNF-α antibody (CDP571) on insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in patients with NIDDM
73. An in vivo model for elucidation of the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced insulin resistance: Evidence for differential regulation of insulin signaling by TNF-α
74. Endotoxin and cytokines induce expression of leptin, the ob gene product, in hamsters
75. Multiple cytokines and acute inflammation raise mouse leptin levels: Potential role in inflammatory anorexia
76. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (insulin receptorS-1) by protein kinase B positively regulates insulin receptorS- 1 function
77. Acute and chronic exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α fails to affect insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism of isolated rat soleus muscle
78. Sphingomyelinase and ceramide suppress insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1
79. Regulation of Raf-1 kinase by TNF via its second messenger ceramide and cross-talk with mitogenic signaling
80. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits insulin signaling through stimulation of the p 55 TNF receptor and activation of sphingomyelinase
81. PPAR-γ agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines
82. PPARγ, the ultimate thrifty gene
83. PPARα and PPARγ activators direct a distinct tissue-specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene
84. mPPARγ 2: Tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer
85. PPARγ 2 regulates adipose expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene
86. TNF α-mediated inhibition and reversal of adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by suppressed expression of PPARγ without effects on Pref-1 expression
87. Dominant negative mutations in human PPARγ associated with severe insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and hypertension
88. PPAR-γ: Adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor
89. Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue
90. Mechanism of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans
91. Mechanisms of fatty acid-induced inhibition of glucose uptake
92. Leptin impairs metabolic actions of insulin in isolated rat adipocytes
93. Tumor necrosis factor mimics the metabolic response to acute infection in healthy humans
94. Release of insulin receptor substrate proteins from an intracellular complex coincides with the development of insulin resistance
95. Evidence of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin mediated by a protein kinase B signaling pathway
96. Activation of p70/p85 S6 kinase by a pathway independent of p21ras
97. 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylates and activates the p70 S6 kinase in vivo and in vitro
98. Protein kinase B (c-Akt) in phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction
99. Interaction of insulin receptor substrate-1 (insulin receptorS-1) with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: Effect of substitution of serine for alanine in potential insulin receptorS- 1 serine phosphorylation sites
100. Membrane-targeted phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mimics insulin actions and induces a state of cellular insulin resistance
101. Activation of the ζ isozyrne of protein kinase C by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
102. Protein kinase C-ζ as a down-stream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase during insulin stimulation in rat adipocytes: Potential role in glucose transport
103. Protein kinase C modulation of insulin receptor substrate- 1 tyrosine phosphorylation requires serine 612
104. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 by glycogen synthase kinase 3 impairs insulin action
105. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase: The key switch mechanism in insulin signaling
106. Divergent mechanisms for homologous desensitization of p 2lras by insulin and growth factors
107. Negative feedback regulation and desensitization of insulin- and epidermal growth factor-stimulated p 21ras activation
108. Desensitization of Ras activation by a feedback disassociation of the SOS-Grb 2 complex
109. Insulin-induced desensitization of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation results from an inhibition of Raf activity independent of Ras activation and dissociation of the Grb2-SOS complex
110. Discovery of a small molecule insulin mimetic with antidiabetic activity in mice