메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 732-742

Regulation of Raf-1 kinase by TNF via its second messenger ceramide and cross-talk with mitogenic signalling

Author keywords

Ceramide; Epidermal growth factor; Raf 1 kinase; Ras; Tumour necrosis factor

Indexed keywords

CERAMIDE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN KINASE; RAF PROTEIN; RAS PROTEIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

EID: 0040885889     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/17.3.732     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (104)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0030792007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positioning atypical PKC isoforms in the UV-induced apoptotic signaling cascade
    • Berra, E., Municio, M.M., Sanz, L., Frutos, S., Diaz-Meco, M.T. and Moscat, J. (1997) Positioning atypical PKC isoforms in the UV-induced apoptotic signaling cascade. Mol. Cell. Biol., 17, 4346-4354.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 4346-4354
    • Berra, E.1    Municio, M.M.2    Sanz, L.3    Frutos, S.4    Diaz-Meco, M.T.5    Moscat, J.6
  • 2
    • 0026596576 scopus 로고
    • Serum-, TPA- and Ras-induced expression from AP-1/Ets-driven promoters requires Raf-1 kinase
    • Bruder, J.T., Heidecker, G. and Rapp, U.R. (1992) Serum-, TPA-and Ras-induced expression from AP-1/Ets-driven promoters requires Raf-1 kinase. Genes Dev., 6, 545-556.
    • (1992) Genes Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 545-556
    • Bruder, J.T.1    Heidecker, G.2    Rapp, U.R.3
  • 3
    • 0027956706 scopus 로고
    • Critical binding and regulatory interactions between Ras and Raf occur through a small stable N-terminal domain of Raf and specific Ras effector residues
    • Chuang, E., Barnard, D., Hettich, L., Zhang, X., Avruch, J. and Marshall, M.S. (1994) Critical binding and regulatory interactions between Ras and Raf occur through a small stable N-terminal domain of Raf and specific Ras effector residues. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 5318-5325.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 5318-5325
    • Chuang, E.1    Barnard, D.2    Hettich, L.3    Zhang, X.4    Avruch, J.5    Marshall, M.S.6
  • 5
    • 0029948396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of ceramide-mediated programmed cell death by sphingosine-1 -phosphate
    • Cuvillier, O., Pirianov, G., Kleuser, B., Vanek, P.G., Coso, O.A., Gutkind, S. and Spiegel, S. (1996) Suppression of ceramide-mediated programmed cell death by sphingosine-1 -phosphate. Nature, 381, 800-803.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 800-803
    • Cuvillier, O.1    Pirianov, G.2    Kleuser, B.3    Vanek, P.G.4    Coso, O.A.5    Gutkind, S.6    Spiegel, S.7
  • 6
    • 0029147429 scopus 로고
    • The protein kinase C and protein kinase C related gene families
    • Dekker, L.V., Palmer, R.H. and Parker, P.J. (1995) The protein kinase C and protein kinase C related gene families. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 5, 396-402.
    • (1995) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 396-402
    • Dekker, L.V.1    Palmer, R.H.2    Parker, P.J.3
  • 8
    • 0029042701 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Raf-1 and Raf-1 mutants by Ras-dependent and Ras-independent mechanisms in vitro
    • Dent, P., Reardon, D.B., Morrison, D.K. and Sturgill, T.W. (1995) Regulation of Raf-1 and Raf-1 mutants by Ras-dependent and Ras-independent mechanisms in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 4125-4135.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 4125-4135
    • Dent, P.1    Reardon, D.B.2    Morrison, D.K.3    Sturgill, T.W.4
  • 9
    • 0027339558 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the interaction of c-HaRas-GMP-PNP with full-length neurofibromin (NF1) and GAP
    • DiBattiste, D., Gobulic, M., Stacey, D.W. and Wolfman, A. (1993) Differences in the interaction of c-HaRas-GMP-PNP with full-length neurofibromin (NF1) and GAP. Oncogene, 8, 637-643.
    • (1993) Oncogene , vol.8 , pp. 637-643
    • Dibattiste, D.1    Gobulic, M.2    Stacey, D.W.3    Wolfman, A.4
  • 10
    • 0026723048 scopus 로고
    • Ceramide stimulates a cytosolic protein phosphatase
    • Dobrowsky, R.T. and Hannun, Y.A. (1992) Ceramide stimulates a cytosolic protein phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem., 267, 5048-5051.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 5048-5051
    • Dobrowsky, R.T.1    Hannun, Y.A.2
  • 11
    • 0029955128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of Ras activation
    • Downward, J. (1996) Control of Ras activation. Cancer Surv., 27, 87-100.
    • (1996) Cancer Surv. , vol.27 , pp. 87-100
    • Downward, J.1
  • 12
    • 0030296550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a Ras/Ral signaling cascade
    • Feig, L.A., Urano, T. and Cantor, S. (1996) Evidence for a Ras/Ral signaling cascade. Trends Biochem. Sci., 21, 438-441.
    • (1996) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 438-441
    • Feig, L.A.1    Urano, T.2    Cantor, S.3
  • 14
    • 0029892754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor-2 suppression of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated apoptosis requires Ras and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • Gardner, A.M. and Johnson, G.L. (1996) Fibroblast growth factor-2 suppression of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated apoptosis requires Ras and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 14560-14566.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 14560-14566
    • Gardner, A.M.1    Johnson, G.L.2
  • 15
    • 0027171138 scopus 로고
    • Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase by G-protein and tyrosine kinase oncoproteins
    • Gardner, A.M., Vaillancourt, R.R. and Johnson, G.L. (1993) Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase by G-protein and tyrosine kinase oncoproteins. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 17896-17901.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 17896-17901
    • Gardner, A.M.1    Vaillancourt, R.R.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 16
    • 0029935339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 kinase possesses distinct binding domains for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid
    • Ghosh, S., Strum, J.C., Sciorra, V.A., Daniel, L. and Bell, R.M. (1996) Raf-1 kinase possesses distinct binding domains for phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 8472-8480.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 8472-8480
    • Ghosh, S.1    Strum, J.C.2    Sciorra, V.A.3    Daniel, L.4    Bell, R.M.5
  • 17
    • 0027055877 scopus 로고
    • The cDNA sequence, expression pattern and protein characteristics of mouse PKC zeta
    • Goodnight, J., Kazanietz, M.G., Blumberg, P.M., Mushinski, J.F. and Mischak, H. (1992) The cDNA sequence, expression pattern and protein characteristics of mouse PKC zeta. Gene, 122, 305-311.
    • (1992) Gene , vol.122 , pp. 305-311
    • Goodnight, J.1    Kazanietz, M.G.2    Blumberg, P.M.3    Mushinski, J.F.4    Mischak, H.5
  • 18
    • 0028092237 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C in differentiation and transformation
    • Goodnight, J., Mischak, H. and Mushinski, J.F. (1994) Protein kinase C in differentiation and transformation. Adv. Cancer Res., 63, 159-209.
    • (1994) Adv. Cancer Res. , vol.63 , pp. 159-209
    • Goodnight, J.1    Mischak, H.2    Mushinski, J.F.3
  • 19
    • 77957026155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor
    • LeRoith, D. and Bondy, C. (eds), JAI Press, Greenwich
    • Grell, M. and Scheurich, P. (1996) Tumor necrosis factor. In LeRoith, D. and Bondy, C. (eds), Growth Factors and Cytokines in Health and Disease. JAI Press, Greenwich, Vol. 2B, pp. 669-726.
    • (1996) Growth Factors and Cytokines in Health and Disease , vol.2 B , pp. 669-726
    • Grell, M.1    Scheurich, P.2
  • 20
    • 0027315251 scopus 로고
    • TNFR60 and TNFR80 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors can independently mediate cytolysis
    • Grell, M., Scheurich, P., Meager, A. and Pfizenmaier, K. (1993) TNFR60 and TNFR80 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptors can independently mediate cytolysis. Lymphokine Cytokine Res., 12, 143-148.
    • (1993) Lymphokine Cytokine Res. , vol.12 , pp. 143-148
    • Grell, M.1    Scheurich, P.2    Meager, A.3    Pfizenmaier, K.4
  • 21
    • 0028124505 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of Raf-1 inhibition by protein kinase A
    • Häfner, S. et al. (1994) Mechanism of Raf-1 inhibition by protein kinase A. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 6696-6703.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6696-6703
    • Häfner, S.1
  • 22
    • 0030448021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress
    • Hannun, Y.A. (1996) Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress. Science, 274, 1855-1859.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1855-1859
    • Hannun, Y.A.1
  • 23
    • 0028855405 scopus 로고
    • Ceramide: An intracellular signal for apoptosis
    • Hannun, Y.A. and Obeid, L.M. (1995) Ceramide: an intracellular signal for apoptosis. Trends Biochem. Sci., 20, 73-77.
    • (1995) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 73-77
    • Hannun, Y.A.1    Obeid, L.M.2
  • 25
  • 27
    • 0027322679 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C isoenzymes: Divergence in signal transduction?
    • Hug, H. and Sarre, T.F. (1993) Protein kinase C isoenzymes: divergence in signal transduction? Biochem. J., 291, 329-343.
    • (1993) Biochem. J. , vol.291 , pp. 329-343
    • Hug, H.1    Sarre, T.F.2
  • 30
    • 0029855760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) in mouse fibroblasts
    • Kalb, A., Bluethmann, H., Moore, M.W. and Lesslauer, W. (1996) Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) in mouse fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 28097-28104.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 28097-28104
    • Kalb, A.1    Bluethmann, H.2    Moore, M.W.3    Lesslauer, W.4
  • 31
    • 0028310840 scopus 로고
    • Zinc finger domains and the phorbol ester pharmacophore: Analysis of binding to a mutated form of PKC z and vav and c-Raf proto-oncogene products
    • Kazanietz, M.G., Bustello, X.R., Barbacid, M., Kolch, W., Mischak, H., Wong, G., Pettit, G.R., Bruns, J.D. and Blumberg, P.M. (1994) Zinc finger domains and the phorbol ester pharmacophore: analysis of binding to a mutated form of PKC z and vav and c-Raf proto-oncogene products. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 11590-11594.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 11590-11594
    • Kazanietz, M.G.1    Bustello, X.R.2    Barbacid, M.3    Kolch, W.4    Mischak, H.5    Wong, G.6    Pettit, G.R.7    Bruns, J.D.8    Blumberg, P.M.9
  • 32
    • 0028946098 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of growth factor mediated MAP kinase activation by v-Raf in macrophages: A putative role for the MKP-1 phosphatase
    • Krautwald, S., Büscher, D., Dent, P., Ruthenberg, K. and Baccarini, M. (1995) Suppression of growth factor mediated MAP kinase activation by v-Raf in macrophages: a putative role for the MKP-1 phosphatase. Oncogene, 10, 1187-1192.
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.10 , pp. 1187-1192
    • Krautwald, S.1    Büscher, D.2    Dent, P.3    Ruthenberg, K.4    Baccarini, M.5
  • 33
    • 0342601448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mode of ceramide action: The alkyl chain protrusion model
    • Krönke, M. (1997) The mode of ceramide action: the alkyl chain protrusion model. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 8, 103-107.
    • (1997) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 103-107
    • Krönke, M.1
  • 35
    • 0028272507 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane
    • Leevers, D.J., Paterson, H.F. and Marshall, C.J. (1994) Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature, 369, 411-414.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 411-414
    • Leevers, D.J.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Marshall, C.J.3
  • 36
    • 0027965006 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C zeta isoform is critical for kappa B-dependent promoter activation by sphingomyelinase
    • Lozano, J., Berra, E., Municio, M.M., Diaz Meco, M.T., Dominguez, I., Sanz, L. and Moscat, J. (1994) Protein kinase C zeta isoform is critical for kappa B-dependent promoter activation by sphingomyelinase. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 19200-19202.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 19200-19202
    • Lozano, J.1    Berra, E.2    Municio, M.M.3    Diaz Meco, M.T.4    Dominguez, I.5    Sanz, L.6    Moscat, J.7
  • 37
    • 0029006126 scopus 로고
    • Ras recruits Raf-1 to the plasma membrane for activation by tyrosine phosphorylation
    • Marais, R., Light, Y., Paterson, H.F. and Marshall, C.J. (1995) Ras recruits Raf-1 to the plasma membrane for activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. EMBO J., 14, 3136-3145.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 3136-3145
    • Marais, R.1    Light, Y.2    Paterson, H.F.3    Marshall, C.J.4
  • 38
    • 0027488403 scopus 로고
    • Ceramide: A novel second messenger
    • Mathias, S. and Kolesnick, R. (1993) Ceramide: a novel second messenger. Adv. Lipid Res., 25, 65-90.
    • (1993) Adv. Lipid Res. , vol.25 , pp. 65-90
    • Mathias, S.1    Kolesnick, R.2
  • 39
    • 0030010965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Ceramide-dependent and -indendent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades
    • Modur, V., Zimmerman, G.A., Prescott, S.M. and McIntyre, T.M. (1996) Endothelial cell inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Ceramide-dependent and -indendent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. J. Biol. Chem., 271, 13094-13102.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 13094-13102
    • Modur, V.1    Zimmerman, G.A.2    Prescott, S.M.3    McIntyre, T.M.4
  • 40
    • 0028096233 scopus 로고
    • The 3Rs of life: Ras, Raf and growth regulation
    • Moodie, S.A. and Wolfman, A. (1994) The 3Rs of life: Ras, Raf and growth regulation. Trends Genet., 10, 44-48.
    • (1994) Trends Genet. , vol.10 , pp. 44-48
    • Moodie, S.A.1    Wolfman, A.2
  • 41
    • 0028172146 scopus 로고
    • Association of MEK1 with p21Ras-GMPPNP is dependent of B-Raf
    • Moodie, S.A., Paris, M.J., Kolch, W. and Wolfman, A. (1994) Association of MEK1 with p21Ras-GMPPNP is dependent of B-Raf. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 7153-7162.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 7153-7162
    • Moodie, S.A.1    Paris, M.J.2    Kolch, W.3    Wolfman, A.4
  • 43
    • 0027168907 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase
    • Morrison, D.K., Heidecker, G., Rapp, U.R. and Copeland, T.D. (1993) Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 268, 17309-17316.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 17309-17316
    • Morrison, D.K.1    Heidecker, G.2    Rapp, U.R.3    Copeland, T.D.4
  • 44
    • 0029757119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: A novel Ras and phospholipid binding site
    • Mott, H.R., Carpenter, J.W., Zhong, S., Ghosh, S., Bell, R.M. and Campbell, S.L. (1996) The solution structure of the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain: a novel Ras and phospholipid binding site. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 8312-8317.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 8312-8317
    • Mott, H.R.1    Carpenter, J.W.2    Zhong, S.3    Ghosh, S.4    Bell, R.M.5    Campbell, S.L.6
  • 45
    • 0029003788 scopus 로고
    • PKC ζ is a molecular switch in signal transduction of TNF bifunctionally regulated by ceramide and arachidonic acid
    • Müller, G., Ayoub, M., Storz, P., Rennecke, J., Fabbro, D. and Pfizenmaier, K. (1995) PKC ζ is a molecular switch in signal transduction of TNF bifunctionally regulated by ceramide and arachidonic acid. EMBO J., 14, 1961-1969.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 1961-1969
    • Müller, G.1    Ayoub, M.2    Storz, P.3    Rennecke, J.4    Fabbro, D.5    Pfizenmaier, K.6
  • 46
    • 0029055676 scopus 로고
    • Ceramide: A stress signal and mediator of growth suppression and apoptosis
    • Obeid, L.M. and Hannun, Y.A. (1995) Ceramide: a stress signal and mediator of growth suppression and apoptosis. J. Cell Biochem., 58, 191-198.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biochem. , vol.58 , pp. 191-198
    • Obeid, L.M.1    Hannun, Y.A.2
  • 48
    • 0028030740 scopus 로고
    • A phorbol ester binding domain of PKC gamma. High affinity binding to a glutathione-S-transferase/cys 2 fusion protein
    • Quest, A.F., Bardes, E.S. and Bell, R.M. (1994a) A phorbol ester binding domain of PKC gamma. High affinity binding to a glutathione-S-transferase/cys 2 fusion protein. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 2953-2960.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 2953-2960
    • Quest, A.F.1    Bardes, E.S.2    Bell, R.M.3
  • 49
    • 0028086467 scopus 로고
    • A phorbol ester binding domain of PKC gamma. Deletion analysis of the cys 2 domain defines a minimal 43-amino acid peptide
    • Quest, A.F., Bardes, E.S. and Bell, R.M. (1994b) A phorbol ester binding domain of PKC gamma. Deletion analysis of the cys 2 domain defines a minimal 43-amino acid peptide. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 2961-2970.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 2961-2970
    • Quest, A.F.1    Bardes, E.S.2    Bell, R.M.3
  • 50
    • 0031055415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal Ras-binding domain of Raf-1 can be used as an activation-specific probe for Ras
    • Rooij, J. and Bos, J.L. (1997) Minimal Ras-binding domain of Raf-1 can be used as an activation-specific probe for Ras. Oncogene, 14, 623-625.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.14 , pp. 623-625
    • Rooij, J.1    Bos, J.L.2
  • 51
    • 0028124428 scopus 로고
    • A novel family of putative signal transducers associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the 75 kDa turmor necrosis factor receptor
    • Rothe, M., Wong, S.C., Henzel, W.J. and Goeddel, D.V. (1994) A novel family of putative signal transducers associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the 75 kDa turmor necrosis factor receptor. Cell, 78, 681-692.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 681-692
    • Rothe, M.1    Wong, S.C.2    Henzel, W.J.3    Goeddel, D.V.4
  • 52
    • 0026458406 scopus 로고
    • TNF activates NFκB by phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C induced 'acidic' sphingomyelin breakdown
    • Schütze, S., Potthoff, K., Machleidt, T., Berkovic, D., Wiegmann, K. and Krönke, M. (1992) TNF activates NFκB by phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C induced 'acidic' sphingomyelin breakdown. Cell, 71, 765-776.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 765-776
    • Schütze, S.1    Potthoff, K.2    Machleidt, T.3    Berkovic, D.4    Wiegmann, K.5    Krönke, M.6
  • 53
    • 0028241533 scopus 로고
    • Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane
    • Stokoe, D., MacDonald, S.G., Cadwallader, K., Symons, M. and Hancock, J.F. (1994) Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science, 264, 1463-1467.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1463-1467
    • Stokoe, D.1    MacDonald, S.G.2    Cadwallader, K.3    Symons, M.4    Hancock, J.F.5
  • 54
    • 0030044815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in tumor necrosis factor and CD40 signaling
    • Tewari, M. and Dixit, V.M. (1996) Recent advances in tumor necrosis factor and CD40 signaling. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 6, 39-44.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 39-44
    • Tewari, M.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 56
    • 0347537940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signalling in stress induced apoptosis
    • Verheij, M. et al. (1996) Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signalling in stress induced apoptosis. Nature, 380, 75-79.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 75-79
    • Verheij, M.1
  • 57
    • 0027250250 scopus 로고
    • Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf
    • Vojtek, A.B., Hollenberg, S.M. and Cooper, J.A. (1993) Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf. Cell, 74, 205-214.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 205-214
    • Vojtek, A.B.1    Hollenberg, S.M.2    Cooper, J.A.3
  • 58
    • 0030965162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death induction by TNF: A matter of self control
    • Wallach, D. (1997). Cell death induction by TNF: a matter of self control. Trends Biochem. Sci., 22, 107-109.
    • (1997) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 107-109
    • Wallach, D.1
  • 59
    • 0345498292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria
    • Wang, H.G., Rapp, U.R. and Reed, J.C. (1996) Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. Cell, 87, 629-638.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 629-638
    • Wang, H.G.1    Rapp, U.R.2    Reed, J.C.3
  • 60
    • 0027200883 scopus 로고
    • Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro
    • Warne, P.H., Viciana, P.R. and Downward, J. (1993) Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro. Nature, 364, 352-355.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 352-355
    • Warne, P.H.1    Viciana, P.R.2    Downward, J.3
  • 61
    • 0028130213 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase
    • Westwick, J.K., Weitzel, C., Minden, A., Karin, M. and Brenner, D.A. (1994) Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 26396-26401.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 26396-26401
    • Westwick, J.K.1    Weitzel, C.2    Minden, A.3    Karin, M.4    Brenner, D.A.5
  • 62
    • 0028107345 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways involving the Raf proto-oncogene
    • Williams, N.G. and Roberts, T.M. (1994) Signal transduction pathways involving the Raf proto-oncogene. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 13, 105-116.
    • (1994) Cancer Metastasis Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 105-116
    • Williams, N.G.1    Roberts, T.M.2
  • 63
    • 0028986629 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha rapidly activates the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in a MAPK kinase-dependent c-Raf-1-independent fashion in mouse macrophages
    • Winston, B.W., Lange Carter, C.A., Gardner, A.M., Johnson, G.L. and Riches, D.W. (1995) Tumor necrosis factor alpha rapidly activates the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in a MAPK kinase-dependent c-Raf-1-independent fashion in mouse macrophages. Proc. Natl Acad. Scii. USA, 92, 1614-1618.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Scii. USA , vol.92 , pp. 1614-1618
    • Winston, B.W.1    Lange Carter, C.A.2    Gardner, A.M.3    Johnson, G.L.4    Riches, D.W.5
  • 64
    • 0028880006 scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis
    • Xia, Z., Dickens, M., Raingeaud, J., Davis, R.J. and Greenberg, M.E. (1995) Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science, 270, 1326-1331.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Xia, Z.1    Dickens, M.2    Raingeaud, J.3    Davis, R.J.4    Greenberg, M.E.5
  • 65
    • 0028838235 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of Raf by ceramide activated protein kinase
    • Yao, B., Zhang, Y., Delikat, S., Mathias, S., Basu, S. and Kolesnick, R. (1995) Phosphorylation of Raf by ceramide activated protein kinase. Nature, 378, 307-310.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 307-310
    • Yao, B.1    Zhang, Y.2    Delikat, S.3    Mathias, S.4    Basu, S.5    Kolesnick, R.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.