Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases

Blood

Volumn 95, Issue 10, 2000, Pages 3032-3043

  Murdoch, Craig ^a   Finn, Adam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE;

ARTICLE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RECEPTOR BINDING; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0034658661     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood.v95.10.3032.010k17_3032_3043     Document Type: Article

References (194)

1. Schiffmann E, Corcoran BA, Wahl SM. N-formyl-methtonyl peptides as chemoattractants for leucocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975;72:1059.
2. Gerard C, Gerard NP. C5A anaphylatoxin and its seven transmembrane-segment receptor. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:775.
3. Goldman DW, Goetzl EJ. Specific binding of leukotriene B4 to receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol. 1982;129:1600.
4. Hanahan DJ. Platelet activating factor: a biologically active phosphoglyceride. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:483.
5. Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines CXC and CC chemokines. Adv Immunol. 1994;55:97.
6. Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Human chemokines: an update. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997;15: 675.
7. Murphy PM. The molecular biology of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:593.
8. Watson B, Arkinstall S. The G-Protein Linked Receptor Facts Book. London: Academic Press; 1994.
9. Peveri P, Walz A, Dewald B, Baggiolini M. A novel neutrophil-activating factor produced by human mononuclear phagocytes. J Exp Med. 1988;167: 1547.
10. Besemer J, Hujber A, Kuhn B. Specific binding, internalization, and degradation of human neutrophil activating factor by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:17,409.
11. Samanta AK, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K. Identification and characterization of specific receptors for monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF) on human neutrophils. J Exp Med. 1989;169:1185.
12. Grob PM, David E, Warren TC, DeLeon RP, Ferina PR, Homon CA. Characterization of a receptor for human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin-8. J Biol Chem. 1990; 265:8311.
13. Moser B, Schumacher C, von Tscharner V, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M. Neutrophil-activating peptide 2 and gro/melanoma growth-stimulatory activity interact with neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:10,666.
14. Lee J, Horuk R, Rice GC, Bennett GL, Camerato T, Wood WI. Characterization of two high-affinity human interleukin-8 receptors. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:16,283.
15. Holmes WE, Lee J, Kuang WJ, Rice GC, Wood WI. Structure and functional expression of a human interleukin-8 receptor. Science. 1991;253: 1278.
16. Murphy PM, Tiffany HL, Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor. Science. 1991;253:1280.
17. Ahuja SK, Murphy PM. The CXC chemokines growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) alpha, GRO-beta, GROgamma, neutrophil-activating peptide-2, and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 are potent agonists for the type B, but not the type A, human interleukin-8 receptor. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:20,545.
18. Wolf M, Delgado MB, Jones SA, Dewald B, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M. Granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 acts via both IL-8 receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. Eur J Immunol. 1998;28:164.
19. Chuntharapai A, Lee J, Hebert CA, Kim KJ. Monoclonal antibodies detect different distribution patterns of IL-8 receptor A and IL-8 receptor B on human peripheral blood leukocytes. J Immunol. 1994;153:5682.
20. Samanta AK, Oppenheim JJ, Matsushima K. Interleukin 8 (monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor) dynamically regulates its own receptor expression on human neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 1990;265:183.
21. Khandaker MH, Mitchell G, Xu L, et al. Metalloproteinases are involved in lipopolysaccharide- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated regulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptor expression. Blood. 1999;93:2173.
22. Lloyd AR, Biragyn A, Johnston JA, et al. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide regulate the expression of interleukin 8 receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:28,188.
23. Manna SK, Samanta AK. Upregulation of interleukin-8 receptor in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by formyl peptide and lipopolysaccharide. FEBS Lett. 1995;367:117.
24. Loetscher M, Gerber B, Loetscher P, et al. Chemokine receptor specific for IP10 and Mig: structure, function, and expression in activated T-lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1996;184:963.
25. Taub DD, Lloyd AR, Conlon K, et al. Recombinant human interferon-inducible protein 10 is a chemoattractant for human monocytes and T lymphocytes and promotes T cell adhesion to endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1993;177:1809.
26. Liao F, Rabin RL, Yannelli JR, Koniaris LG, Vanguri P, Farber JM. Human Mig chemokine: biochemical and functional characterization. J Exp Med. 1995;182:1301.
27. Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, et al. Interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC): a novel non-ELR CXC chemokine with potent activity on activated T cells through selective high affinity binding to CXCR3. J Exp Med. 1998;187: 2009.
28. Loetscher M, Geiser T, O'Reilly T, Zwahlen R, Baggiolini M, Moser B. Cloning of a human seven-transmembrane domain receptor, LESTR, that is highly expressed in leukocytes. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:232.
29. Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA. HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor [see Comments]. Science. 1996;272:872.
30. Bleul CC, Farzan M, Choe H, et al. The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. Nature. 1996;382:829.
31. Oberlin E, Amara A, Bachelerie F, et al. The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1. Nature 1996;382:833.
32. Jourdan P, Abbal C, Noraz N, et al. IL-4 induces functional cell-surface expression of CXCR4 on human T cells. J Immunol. 1998;160:4153.
33. Ma Q, Jones D, Borghesani PR, et al. Impaired B-lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis, and derailed cerebellar neuron migration in CXCR4- and SDF-1-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95:9448.
34. Tachibana K, Hirota S, Iizasa H, et al. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract. Nature. 1998; 393:591.
35. Nagasawa T, Hirota S, Tachibana K, et al. Defects of B-cell lymphopoiesis and bone-marrow myelopoiesis in mice lacking the CXC chemokine PBSF/SDF-1. Nature. 1996;382:635.
36. Dobner T, Wolf I, Emrich T, Lipp M. Differentiation-specific expression of a novel G protein-coupled receptor from Burkitt's lymphoma. Eur J Immunol. 1992;22:2795.
37. Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. B cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med. 1998;187: 655.
38. Bazan JF, Bacon KB, Hardiman G, et al. A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature. 1997;385:640.
39. Imai T, Hieshima K, Haskell C, et al. Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell. 1997;91:521.
40. Fong AM, Robinson LA, Steeber DA, et al. Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow. J Exp Med. 1998;188: 1413.
41. Kanazawa N, Nakamura T, Tashiro K, et al. Fractalkine and macrophage-derived chemokine: T cell-attracting chemokines expressed in T cell area dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol. 1999;29:1925.
42. Neote K, DiGregorio D, Mak JY, Horuk R, Schall TJ. Molecular cloning, functional expression, and signaling characteristics of a C-C chemokine receptor. Cell. 1993;72:415.
43. Chee MS, Satchwell SC, Preddie E, Weston KM, Barrell BG. Human cytomegalovirus encodes three G protein-coupled receptor homologues. Nature. 1990;344:774.
44. Gao JL, Murphy PM. Human cytomegalovirus open reading frame US2B encodes a functional beta chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem. 1994;269: 28,539.
45. Ben-Baruch A, Xu L, Young PR, Bengali K, Oppenheim JJ, Wang JM. Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3) interacts with multiple leukocyte receptors: C-C CKR1, a receptor for macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/Rantes, is also a functional receptor for MCP3. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:22,123.
46. Combadiere C, Ahuja SK, van Damme J, Tiffany HL, Gao JL, Murphy PM. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 is a functional ligand for CC chemokine receptors 1 and 2B. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:29,671.
47. Gong X, Gong W, Kuhns DB, Ben-Baruch A, Howard OM, Wang JM. Monocyte chemotactic protein-2 (MCP-2) uses CCR1 and CCR2B as its functional receptors. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:11,682.
48. Tsou CL, Gladue RP, Carroll LA, et al. Identification of C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) as the monocyte hemofiltrate C-C chemokine (HCC)-1 receptor. J Exp Med. 1998;188:603.
49. Youn BS, Zhang SM, Broxmeyer HE, et al. Characterization of CKbetaB and CKbeta8-1: two alternatively spliced forms of human beta-chemokine, chemoattractants for neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and potent agonists at CC chemokine receptor 1. Blood. 1998; 91:3118.
50. Sica A, Saccani A, Borsatti A, et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide rapidly inhibits expression of C-C chemokine receptors in human monocytes. J Exp Med. 1997;185:969.
51. Zella D, Barabitskaja O, Burns JM, et al. Interferon-gamma increases expression of chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, but not CXCR4 in monocytoid U937 cells. Blood. 1998; 91:4444.
52. Bonecchi R, Polentarutti N, Luini W, et al. Upregulation of CCR1 and CCR3 and induction of chemotaxis to CC chemokines by IFN-gamma in human neutrophils. J Immunol. 1999;162:474.
53. Loetscher P, Seitz M, Baggiolini M, Moser B. Interleukin-2 regulates CC chemokine receptor expression and chemotactic responsiveness in T lymphocytes. J Exp Med. 1996;184:569.
54. Perera LP, Goldman CK, Waldmann TA. IL-15 induces the expression of chemokines and their receptors in T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1999; 162:2606.
55. Sozzani S, Ghezzi S, Iannolo G, et al. Interleukin 10 increases CCR5 expression and HIV infection in human monocytes. J Exp Med. 1998;187:439.
56. Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ. Identification of high affinity receptors for human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 on human monocytas. J Immunol. 1990;145:292.
57. Van Riper G, Siciliano S, Fischer PA, Meurer R, Springer MS, Rosen H. Characterization and species distribution of high affinity GTP-coupled receptors for human rantes and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. J Exp Med. 1993;177:851.
58. Yamagami S, Tokuda Y, Ishii K, Tanaka H, Endo N. cDNA cloning and functional expression of a human monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994; 202:1156.
59. Charo IF, Myers SJ, Herman A, Franci C, Connolly AJ, Coughlin SR. Molecular cloning and functional expression of two monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptors reveals alternative splicing of the carboxyl-terminal tails. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:2752.
60. Penton-Rol G, Polentarutti N, Luini W, et al. Selective inhibition of expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2 in human monocytes by IFN-gamma. J Immunol. 1998;160:3869.
61. Dahinden CA, Geiser T, Brunner T, et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein 3 is a most effective basophil- and eosinophil-activating chemokine. J Exp Med. 1994;179:751.
62. Ponath PD, Qin S, Ringler DJ, et al. Cloning of the human eosinophil chemoattractant, eotaxin: expression, receptor binding, and functional properties suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils. J Clin Invest. 1996;97: 604.
63. Daugherty BL, Siciliano SJ, DeMartino JA, Malkowitz L, Sirotina A, Springer MS. Cloning, expression, and characterization of the human eosinophil eotaxin receptor. J Exp Med. 1996; 183:2349.
64. Kitaura M, Nakajima T, Imai T, et al. Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:7725.
65. Uguccioni M, Mackay CR, Ochensberger B, et al. High expression of the chemokine receptor CCR3 in human blood basophils: role in activation by eotaxin, MCP-4, and other chemokines. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:1137.
66. Gerber BO, Zanni MP, Uguccioni M, et al. Functional expression of the eotaxin receptor CCR3 in T lymphocytes co-localizing with eosinophils. Curr Biol. 1997;7:836.
67. Forssmann U, Uguccioni M, Loetscher P, et al. Eotaxin-2, a novel CC chemokine that is selective for the chemokine receptor CCR3, and acts like eotaxin on human eosinophil and basophil leukocytes. J Exp Med. 1997;185:2171.
68. Elsner J, Petering H, Kluthe C, et al. Eotaxin-2 activates chemotaxis-related events and release of reactive oxygen species via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in human eosinophils. Eur J Immunol. 1998;28:2152.
69. Doranz BJ, Rucker J, Yi Y, et al. Adual-tropic primary HIV-1 Isolate that uses fusin and the beta-chemokine receptors CKR-5, CKR-3, and CKR-2b as fusion cofactors. Cell. 1996;85:1149.
70. Power CA, Meyer A, Nemeth K, et al. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a novel CC chemokine receptor cDNA from a human basophilic cell line. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:19,495.
71. Imai T, Baba M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Takagi S, Yoshie O. The T cell-directed CC chemokine TARC is a highly specific biological ligand for CC chemokine receptor 4. J Biol Chem. 1997;272: 15,036.
72. Imai T, Chantry D, Raport CJ, et al. Macrophage-derived chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor 4. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273:1764.
73. D'Ambrosio D, Iellem A, Bonecchi R, et al. Selective up-regulation of chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 upon activation of polarized human type 2 Th cells. J Immunol. 1998;161:5111.
74. Samson M, Labbe O, Mollereau C, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a new human CC-chemokine receptor gene. Biochemistry. 1996;35:3362.
75. Ruffing N, Sullivan N, Sharmeen L, Sodroski J, Wu L. CCR5 has an expanded ligand-binding repertoire and is the primary receptor used by MCP-2 on activated T cells. Cell Immunol. 1998; 189:160.
76. Raport CJ, Gosling J, Schweickart VL, Gray PW, Charo IF. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) for RANTES, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1 alpha. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:17,161.
77. Kasahara T, Makuta Y, Funakoshi M, Aizu-Yokota E, Sonoda Y. IL-10 increases CCHS expression in differentiated HL-60 cells through activation of MAPK and STATS [abstract]. Bethesda, MD: First International Congress on Cytokines/Chemokines in Infectious Diseases; 1999.
78. Baba M, Imai T, Nishimura M, et al. Identification of CCR6, the specific receptor for a novel lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine LARC. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:14,893.
79. Liao F, Rabin RL, Smith CS, Sharma G, Nutman TB, Farber JM. CC-chemokine receptor 6 is expressed on diverse memory subsets of T cells and determines responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha. J Immunol. 1999; 162:186.
80. Greaves DR, Wang W, Dairaghi DJ, et al. CCR6, a CC chemokine receptor that interacts with macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha and is highly expressed in human dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 1997;186:837.
81. Yoshida R, Imai T, Hieshima K, et al. Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine EBI1-ligand chemokine that is a specific functional ligand for EBI1, CCR7. J Biol Chem. 1997;272: 13,803.
82. Birkenbach M, Josefsen K, Yalamanchili R, Lenoir G, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus-induced genes: first lymphocyte-specific G protein-coupled peptide receptors. J Virol. 1993;67:2209.
83. Campbell JJ, Bowman EP, Murphy K, et al. 6-C-kine (SLC), a lymphocyte adhesion-triggering chemokine expressed by high endothelium, is an agonist for the MIP-3beta receptor CCR7. J Cell Biol. 1998;141:1053.
84. Yanagihara S, Komura E, Nagafune J, Watarai H, Yamaguchi Y. EBI1/CCR7 is a new member of dendritic cell chemokine receptor that is up-regulated upon maturation. J Immunol. 1998;161:3096.
85. Miller MD, Krangel MS. The human cytokine I-309 is a monocyte chemoattractant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:2950.
86. Roos RS, Loetscher M, Legier DF, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. Identification of CCR8, the receptor for the human CC chemokine 1-309. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:17,251.
87. Napolitano M, Zingoni A, Bemardini G. et al. Molecular cloning of TER1, a chemokine receptor-like gene expressed by lymphoid tissues. J Immunol. 1996;157:2759.
88. Samson M, Stordeur P, Labbe O, Soularue P, Vassart G, Parmentier M. Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of a novel human gene, ChemR1, expressed in T lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear cells and encoding a putative chemokine receptor. Eur J Immunol. 1996;26: 3021.
89. Zaballos A, Varona R, Gutierrez J, Lind P, Marquez G. Molecular cloning and RNA expression of two new human chemokine receptor-like genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996; 227:846.
90. Tiffany HL, Lautens LL, Gao JL, et al. Identification of CCR8: a human monocyte and thymus receptor for the CC chemokine I-309. J Exp Med. 1997;186:165.
91. Zingoni A, Soto H, Hedrick JA, et al. The chemokine receptor CCR8 is preferentially expressed in Th2 but not Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1998;161:547.
92. Horuk R, Hesselgesser J, Zhou Y, et al. The CC chemokine I-309 inhibits CCR8-dependent infection by diverse HIV-1 strains. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273:386.
93. Zaballos A, Gutierrez J, Varona R, Ardavin C, Marquez G. Identification of the orphan chemokine receptor GPR-9-6 as CCR9, the receptor for the chemokine TECK. J Immunol. 1999;162:5671.
94. Vicari AP, Figueroa DJ, Hedrick JA, et al. TECK: a novel CC chemokine specifically expressed by thymic dendritic cells and potentially involved in T cell development. Immunity. 1997;7:291.
95. Bonini JA, Martin SK, Dralyuk F, Roe MW, Philipson LH, Steiner DF. Cloning, expression, and chromosomal mapping of a novel human CC-chemokine receptor (CCR10) that displays high-affinity binding for MCP-1 and MCP-3. DNA Cell Biol. 1997;16:1249.
96. Nibbs RJ, Wylie SM, Yang J, Landau NR, Graham GJ. Cloning and characterization of a novel promiscuous human beta-chemokine receptor D6. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:32,078.
97. Yoshida T, Imai T, Kakizaki M, Nishimura M, Takagi S, Yoshie O. Identification of single C motif-1/lymphotactin receptor XCR1. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:16,551.
98. Heiber M, Docherty JM, Shah G, et al. Isolation of three novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors. DNA Cell Biol. 1995;14:25.
99. Kennedy J, Keiner GS, Kleyensteuber S, et al. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of human lymphotactin. J Immunol. 1995;155: 203.
100. Giancarlo B, Silvano S, Albert Z, Mantovani A, Allavana P. Migratory response of human natural killer cells to lymphotactin. Eur J Immunol. 1996; 26:3238.
101. Marsh WL. Present status of the Duffy blood group system. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1975; 5:387.
102. Chaudhuri A, Zbrzezna V, Johnson C, et al. Purification and characterization of an erythrocyte membrane protein complex carrying Duffy blood group antigenicity: possible receptor for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi malaria parasite. J Biol Chem. 1989;264:13,770.
103. ChaudNuri A, Polyakova J, Zbrzezna V, Williams K, Gulati S, Pogo AO. Cloning of glycoprotein D cDNA, which encodes the major subunit of the Duffy blood group system and the receptor for the Plasmodium vivax malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:10,793.
104. Darbonne WC, Rice GC, Mohler MA, et al. Red blood cells are a sink for interleukin 8, a leukocyte chemotaxin. J Clin Invest. 1991;88:1362.
105. Neote K, Darbonne W, Ogez J, Horuk R, Schall TJ. Identification of a promiscuous inflammatory peptide receptor on the surface of red blood cells. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:12,247.
106. Szabo MC, Soo KS, Zlotnik A, Schall TJ. Chemokine class differences in binding to the Duffy antigen-arythrocyte chemokine receptor. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:25,348.
107. Hadley TJ, Lu ZH, Wasniowska K, et al. Postcapillary venule endothelial cells in kidney express a mullispecific chemokine receptor that is structurally and functionally identical to the erythroid isoform, which is the Duffy blood group antigen. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:985.
108. Chaudhuri A, Nielsen S, Elkjaer ML, Zbrzezna V, Fang F, Pogo AO. Detection of Duffy antigen in the plasma membranes and caveolae of vascular endothelial and epithelial cells of nonerythroid organs. Blood. 1997;89:701.
109. Horuk R, Martin A, Hesselgesser J. et al. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines: structural analysis and expression in the brain. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59:29.
110. Hadley TJ, Peiper SC. From malaria to chemokine receptor: the emerging physiologic role of the Duffy blood group antigen. Blood. 1997;89: 3077.
111. Murphy PM. Chemokine receptors: structure, function and role in microbial pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1996;7:47.
112. Bokoch GM. Chemoattractant signaling and leukocyte activation. Blood. 1995;86:1649.
113. Wu D, LaRosa GJ, Simon MI. G protein-coupled signal transduction pathways for interleukin-8. Science. 1993;261:101.
114. Kuang Y, Wu Y, Jiang H, Wu D. Selective G protein coupling by C-C chemokine receptors. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:3975.
115. Bacon KB, Szabo MC, Yssel H, Bolen JB, Schall TJ. RANTES induces tyrosine kinase activity of stably complexe p125FAK and ZAP-70 in human T cells. J Exp Med. 1996;184:873.
116. Turner SJ, Domin J, Waterfield MD, Ward SG, Westwick J. The CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 activates both the class I p85/ p110 pnosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the class II PI3K-C2alpha. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:25,987.
117. Huang R, Lian JP, Robinson D, Badwey JA. Neutrophils stimulated with a variety of chemoattractants exhibit rapid activation of p21-activated kinases (Paks): separate signals are required for activation and inactivation of paks. Mol Cell Biol. 1998;18:7130.
118. Mellado M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Aragay A, et al. The chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 triggers Janus kinase 2 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the CCR2B receptor. J Immunol. 1998;161:805.
119. Ganju RK, Dutt P, Wu L, et al. Beta-chemokine receptor CCR5 signals via the novel tyrosine kinase RAFTK. Blood. 1998;91:791.
120. Kampten GT, Stafford S, Poulsen LK, Alam R. The MAP kinase ERK2 is activated through CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and is essential for eotaxin-stimulated eosinophil chemotaxis. J Allergy Exp Immunol. 1998;101:223.
121. Lawrence MB, Springer TA. Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell. 1991;65:859.
122. Tanaka Y, Adams DH, Shaw S. Proteoglycans on endothelial cells present adhesion-inducing cytokines to leukocytes. Immunol Today. 1993;14:111.
123. Springer TA. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell. 1994;76:301.
124. Rot A. Neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (interleukin-8) induces in vitro neutrophil migration by haptotactic mechanism. Eur J Immunol. 1993;23:303.
125. Strieter RM, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, et al. The functional role of the ELR motif in CXC chemokine-mediated angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:27,348.
126. Maione TE, Gray GS, Petra J, et al. Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor-4 and related peptides. Science. 1990;247:77.
127. Koch AE, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, et al. Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science. 1992;258:1798.
128. Michel G, Kemeny L, Peter RU, et al. Interleukin-8 receptor-mediated chemotaxis of normal human epidermal cells. FEBS Lett. 1992;305: 241.
129. Tuschil A, Lam C, Haslberger A, Lindley I. Interleukin-8 stimulates calcium transients and promotes epidermal cell proliferation. J Invest Dermatol. 1992;99:294.
130. Gupta SK, Singh JP. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation by platelet factor-4 involves a unique action on S phase progression. J Call Biol. 1994; 127:1121.
131. Fujisawa N, Hayashi S, Kurdowska A, Carr FK, Miller EJ. Inhibition of GROalpha-induced human endothelial cell proliferation by the alpha-chemokine inhibitor antileukinate. Cytokine. 1999;11: 231.
132. Schonbeck U, Brandt E, Petersen F, Flad HD, Loppnow H. IL-8 specifically binds to endothelial but not to smooth muscle cells. J Immunol. 1995; 154:2375.
133. Petzelbauer P, Watson CA, Pfau SE, Pober JS. IL-8 and angiogenesis: evidence that human endothelial cells lack receptors and do not respond to IL-8 in vitro. Cytokine. 1995;7:267.
134. Gupta SK, Lysko PG, Pillarisetti K, Ohlstein E, Stadel JM. Chemokine receptors in human endothelial cells: functional expression of CXCR4 and its transcriptional regulation by inflammatory cytokines. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:4282.
135. Volin MV, Joseph L, Shockley MS, Davies PF. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998; 242:46.
136. Murdoch C, Monk PN, Finn A. CXC Chemokine receptor expression on human endothelial cells. Cytokine. 1999;11:704.
137. Murdoch C, Monk PN, Finn A. Functional expression of Chemokine receptor CXCR4 on human epithelial cells. Immunology. 1999;98:36.
138. Moscatelli D. High and low affinity binding sites for basic fibroblast growth factor on cultured cells: absence of a role for low affinity binding in the stimulation of plasminogen activator production by bovine capillary endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol. 1987;131:123.
139. Schroder JM, Noso N, Sticherling M, Christophers E. Role of eosinophil-chemotactic C-C chemokines in cutaneous inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59:1.
140. Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL, Greenberger MJ, Laichalk LL, Strieter RM. Expression and regulation of chemokines in bacterial pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59:24.
141. Kunkel SL, Lukacs N, Kasama T, Strieter RM. The role of chemokines in inflammatory joint disease. J Leukoc Biol. 1996;59:6.
142. Lukacs NW, Kunkel SL. Chemokines and their role in disease, Int J Clin Lab Res. 1998;28:91.
143. Schulz BS, Michel G, Wagner S, et al. Increased expression of epidermal IL-8 receptor in psoriasis: down-regulation by FK-506 in vitro. J Immunol. 1993;151:4399.
144. Lemster BH, Carroll PB, Rilo HR, Johnson N, Nikaein A, Thomson AW. IL-8/IL-8 receptor expression in psoriasis and the response to systemic tacrolimus (FK506) therapy. Clin Exp Immunol. 1995;99:148.
145. Ross R. Cell biology of atherosclerosis. Ann Rev Physiol. 1995;57:791.
146. Nelken NA, Coughlin SR, Gordon D, Wilcox JN. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques. J Clin Invest. 1991;88: 1121.
147. Gosling J, Slaymaker S, Gu L, et al. MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B. J Clin Invest. 1999;103:773.
148. Gu L, Okada Y, Clinton SK, et al. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Mol Cell. 1998;2:275.
149. Boring L, Gosling J, Cleary M, Charo IF. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/-mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature. 1998;394:894.
150. Han KH, Tangirala RK, Green SR, Quehenberger O. Chemokine receptor CCR2 expression and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated chemotaxis in human monocytes: a regulatory role for plasma LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1983.
151. Weber C, Draude G, Weber KS, Wubert J, Lorenz RL, Weber PC. Downregulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha of monocyte CCR2 expression and monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced transendothelial migration is antagonized by oxidized low-density lipoprotein: a potential mechanism of monocyte retention in atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis. 1999;145:115.
152. Schecter AD, Rollins BJ, Zhang YJ, et al. Tissue factor is induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle and THP-1 cells. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:28,568.
153. Hayes IM, Jordan NJ, Towers S, et al. Human vascular smooth muscle cells express receptors for CC chemokines. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:397.
154. Reape TJ, Rayner K, Manning CD, et al. Expression and cellular localization of the CC chemokines PARC and ELC in human atherosclerotic plaques. Am J Pathol. 1999;154:365.
155. Wang X, Yue TL, Ohlstein EH, Sung CP, Feuerstein GZ. Interferon-inducible protein-10 involves vascular smooth muscle cell migration, proliferation, and inflammatory response. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:24,286.
156. Yue TL, Wang X, Sung CP, et al. Interleukin-8: a mitogen and chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 1994;75:1.
157. Boisvert WA, Santiago R, Curtiss LK, Terkeltaub RA. A leukocyte homologue of the IL-8 receptor CXCR-2 mediates the accumulation of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:353.
158. Kita H, Gleich GJ. Chemokines active on eosinophils: potential roles in allergic inflammation. J Exp Med. 1996;183:2421.
159. Lukacs NW, Strieter RM, Chensue SW, Kunkel SL. Activation and regulation of chemokines in allergic airway inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 1996; 59:13.
160. Griffiths-Johnson DA, Collins PD, Jose PJ, Williams TJ. Animal models of asthma: role of chemokines. Methods Enzymol. 1997;288:241.
161. Kay AA, Corrigan CJ. Asthma, eosinophils and neutrophils. Br Med Bull. 1992;48:51.
162. Taha RA, Minshall EM, Miotto D, et al. Eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein-4 mRNA expression in small airways of asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:476.
163. Ying S, Robinson DS, Meng Q, et al. Enhanced expression of eotaxin and CCR3 mRNA and protein in atopic asthma: association with airway hyperresponsiveness and predominant co-localization of eotaxin mRNA to bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol. 1997;27:3507.
164. Zeibecoglou K, Ying S, Yamada T, et al. Increased mature and immature CCR3 messenger RNA+ eosinophils in bone marrow from patients with atopic asthma compared with atopic and nonatopic control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103:99.
165. Zimmermann N, Bernstein JA, Rothenberg ME. Polymorphisms in the human CC chemokine receptor-3 gene. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1442: 170.
166. Gavett SH, Chen X, Finkelman F, Wills-Karp M. Depletion of murine CD4+ T lymphocytes prevents antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary eosinophilia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994;10:587.
167. Jiang Y, Salafranca MN, Adhikari S, et al. Chemokine receptor expression in cultured glia and rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol. 1998;86:1.
168. Miller LH, Mason SJ, Dvorak JA, McGinniss MH, Rothman IK. Erythrocyte receptors for (Plasmodium knowlesi) malaria: Duffy blood group determinants. Science. 1975;189:561.
169. Nichols ME, Rubinstein P, Bamwell J, Rodriguez D, Cordoba S, Rosenfield RE. A new human Duffy blood group specificity defined by a murine monoclonal antibody: immunogenetics and association with susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax. J Exp Med. 1987;166:776.
170. Barnwell JW, Nichols ME, Rubinstein P. In vitro evaluation of the role of the Duffy blood group in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax. J Exp Med. 1989;169:1795.
171. Horuk R, Chitnis CE, Darbonne WC, et al. A receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax: the erythrocyte chemokine receptor. Science. 1993;261:1182.
172. Tournamille C, Le Van Kim C, Gane P, Cartron JP, Colin Y. Molecular basis and PCR-DNA typing of the Fya/fyb blood group polymorphism. Hum Genet. 1995;95:407.
173. Iwamoto S, Omi T, Kajii E, Ikemoto S. Genomic organization of the glycoprolein D gene: Duffy blood group Fya/Fyb alloantigen system is associated with a polymorphism at the 44-amino acid residue. Blood. 1995;85:622.
174. Tournamille C, Colin Y, Cartron JP, Le Van Kim C. Disruption of a GATA motif in the Duffy gene promoter abolishes erythroid gene expression in Duffy-negative individuals. Nat Genet. 1995;10: 224.
175. Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 1995;270:1811.
176. Deng H, Liu R, Ellmeier W, et al. Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1. Nature. 1996;381:661.
177. Dragic T, Litwin V, Allaway GP, et al. HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5. Nature. 1996;381:667.
178. Alkhatib G, Combadiere C, Broder CC, et al. CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha. MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Science. 1996;272:1955.
179. Doms RW, Peiper SC. Unwelcomed guests with master keys: how HIV uses chemokine receptors for cellular entry. Virology. 1997;235:179.
180. Choe H, Martin KA, Farzan M, Sodroski J, Gerard NP, Gerard C. Structural interactions between chemokine receptors, gp120 Env and CD4. Semin Immunol. 1998;10:249.
181. Berger EA, Murphy PM, Farber JM. Chemokine receptors as HIV-1 coreceptors: roles in viral entry, tropism, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:657.
182. Wu L, Gerard NP, Wyatt R, et al. CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR-5. Nature. 1996;384:179.
183. Wang WK, Dudek T, Zhao YJ, Brumblay HG, Essex M, Lee TH. CCR5 coreceptor utilization involves a highly conserved arginine residue of HIV type 1 gp120. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95: 5740.
184. Rabut GE, Konner JA, Kajumo F, Moore JP, Dragic T. Alanine substitutions of polar and non-polar residues in the amino-terminal domain of CCR5 differently impair entry of macrophage- and dualtropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1998;72:3464.
185. Farzan M, Mirzabekov T, Kolchinsky P, et al. Tyrosine sulfation of the amino terminus of CCR5 facilitates HIV-1 entry. Cell. 1999;96:667.
186. Chan DC, Fass D, Berger JM, Kim PS. Core structure of gp41 from the HIV envelope glycoprotein. Cell. 1997;89:263.
187. Endres MJ, Clapham PR, Marsh M. et al. CD4-independent infection by HIV-2 is mediated by fusin/CXCR4. Cell. 1996;87:745.
188. Connor RI, Sheridan KE, Ceradini D, Choe S, Landau NR. Change in coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals. J Exp Med. 1997;185:621.
189. Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S, et al. Homozygous detect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell. 1996;86:367.
190. Samson M, Libert F, Doranz BJ, et al. Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature. 1996;382:722.
191. Biti R, French R, Young J, Bennetts B, Stewart G, Liang T. HIV-1 infection in an individual homozygous for the CCR5 deletion allele. Nat Med. 1997; 3:252.
192. Lee B, Doranz BJ, Rana S, et al. Influence of the CCR2-V64I polymorphism on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor activity and on chemokine receptor function of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4. J Virol. 1998;72:7450.
193. Ansari-Lari MA, Liu XM, Metzker ML, Rut AR, Gibbs RA. The extent of genetic variation in the CCR5 gene. Nat Genet. 1997;16:221.
194. Moriruchi H, Moriruchi M. HTLV-1 Tax transactivates promoters for CXCR4 and CCR5, co-receptors for HIV-1 entry [abstract]. Bethesda, MD: First International Congress on Cytokines/Chemokines in Infectious Diseases; 1999.