TGF-β and fibrosis

Microbes and Infection

Volumn 1, Issue 15, 1999, Pages 1349-1365

  Branton, Mary H ^a   Kopp, Jeffrey B ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

Angiotensin; Diabetic nephropathy; Extracellular matrix; Glomerulosclerosis; Matrix metalloproteinase; Renal interstitial fibrosis; TGF

Indexed keywords

TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ARTICLE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; KIDNEY FIBROSIS; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TISSUE REPAIR; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0033402403     PISSN: 12864579     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1286-4579(99)00250-6     Document Type: Review

References (221)

1. Bonewald L.F. Regulation and regulatory activities of transforming growth factor beta. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene. Expr. 9:1999;33-44.
2. Border W.A., Noble N.A. Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. N. Engl. J. M. 331:1994;1286-1292.
3. Moses H.L., Yang E.Y., Pietenpol J.A. TGF-beta stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: new mechanistic insights. Cell. 63:1990;245-247.
4. Riser B.L., Cortes P., Yee J., Sharba A.K., Asano K., Rodriguezbarbero A., Narins R.G. Mechanical strain- and high glucose-induced alterations in mesangial cell collagen metabolism: role of TGF-beta. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 9:1998;827-836.
5. Li Q., Muragaki Y., Hatamura I., Ueno H., Ooshima A. Stretch-induced collagen synthesis in cultured smooth muscle cells from rabbit aortic media and a possible involvement of angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-beta. J. Vasc. Res. 35:1998;93-103.
6. Sakai K., Mohtai M., Iwamoto Y. Fluid shear stress increases transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in human osteoblast-like cells: modulation by cation channel blockades. Calcif. Tissue Int. 63:1998;515-520.
7. Negrete H., Studer R.K., Craven P.A., Derubertis F.R. Role for transforming growth factor beta in thromboxane-induced increases in mesangial cell fibronectin synthesis. Diabetes. 44:1995;335-339.
8. Liotta L.A., Goldfarb R.H., Brundage R., Siegal G.P., Terranova V., Garbisa S. Effect of plasminogen activator. (urokinase) plasmin and thrombin on glycoprotein and collagenous components of basement membrane. Cancer. Res. 41:1981;4629-4636.
9. Wong A.P., Cortez S.L., Baricos W.H. Role of plasmin and gelatinase in extracellular matrix degradation by cultured rat mesangial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 263:1992;F1112-1118.
10. Pollanen J., Stephens R.W., Vaheri A. Directed plasminogen activation at the surface of normal and malignant cells. Adv. Cancer. Res. 57:1991;273-328.
11. Tomooka S., Border W.A., Marshall B.C., Noble N.A. Glomerular matrix accumulation is linked to inhibition of the plasmin protease system. Kidney Int. 42:1992;1462-1469.
12. Norman J.T., Lewis M.P. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in renal fibrosis. Kidney Int. Suppl. 54:1996;61-63.
13. Birkedal-Hansen H. Role of matrix metalloproteinases in human periodontal diseases. J. Periodontol. 64:1993;474-484.
14. Davies M., Martin J., Thomas G.J., Lovett D.H. Proteinases and glomerular matrix turnover. Kidney Int. 41:1992;671-678.
15. Poncelet A.C., Schnaper H.W. Regulation of human mesangial cell collagen expression by transforming growth factor-beta1. Am. J. Physiol. 275:1998;F458-466.
16. Kahari V.M., Larjava H., Uitto J. Differential regulation of extracellular matrix proteoglycan. (PG) gene expression Transforming growth factor-beta 1 up-regulates biglycan. (PGI) and versican. (large fibroblast PG) but down-regulates decorin. (PGII) mRNA levels in human fibroblasts in culture. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;10608-10615.
17. Bassols A., Massague J. Transforming growth factor beta regulates the expression and structure of extracellular matrix chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1988;3039-3045.
18. Kothapalli D., Frazier K.S., Welply A., Segarini P.R., Grotendorst G.R. Transforming growth factor beta induces anchorage-independent growth of NRK fibroblasts via a connective tissue growth factor-dependent signaling pathway. Cell. Growth Differ. 8:1997;61-68.
19. Frazier K., Williams S., Kothapalli D., Klapper H., Grotendorst G.R. Stimulation of fibroblast cell growth matrix production and granulation tissue formation by connective tissue growth factor. J. Invest. Dermatol. 107:1996;404-411.
20. Grotendorst G.R., Okochi H., Hayashi N. A novel transforming growth factor beta response element controls the expression of the connective tissue growth factor gene. Cell. Growth Differ. 7:1996;469-480.
21. Yang L., Qiu C.X., Ludlow A., Ferguson M.W., Brunner G. Active transforming growth factor-beta in wound repair: determination using a neWAssay. Am. J. Pathol. 154:1999;105-111.
22. Pandit A., Ashar R., Feldman D. The effect of TGF-beta delivered through a collagen scaffold on wound healing [In Process Citation]. J. Invest. Surg. 12:1999;89-100.
23. Montesano R., Orci L. Transforming growth factor beta stimulates collagen-matrix contraction by fibroblasts: implications for wound healing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;4894-4897.
24. Beck L.S., Deguzman L., Lee W.P., Xu Y., Siegel M.W., Amento E.P. One systemic administration of transforming growth factor-beta 1 reverses age- or glucocorticoid-impaired wound healing. J. Clin. Invest. 92:1993;2841-2849.
25. Shah M., Revis D., Herrick S., Baillie R., Thorgeirson S., Ferguson M., Roberts A. Role of elevated plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in wound healing. Am. J. Pathol. 154:1999;1115-1124.
26. Lind M. Growth factor stimulation of bone healing Effects on osteoblasts osteomies and implants fixation. Acta. Orthop. Scand. Suppl. 283:1998;2-37.
27. Rosier R.N., O'Keefe R.J., Hicks D.G. The potential role of transforming growth factor beta in fracture healing. Clin. Orthop. S:1998;294-300.
28. Coleman C., Tuan T.L., Buckley S., Anderson K.D., Warburton D. Contractility transforming growth factor-beta and plasmin in fetal skin fibroblasts: role in scarless wound healing. Pediatr. Res. 43:1998;403-409.
29. Lanning D.A., Nwomeh B.C., Montante S.J., Yager D.R., Diegelmann R.F., Haynes J.H. TGF-beta1 alters the healing of cutaneous fetal excisional wounds [In Process Citation]. J. Pediatr. Surg. 34:1999;695-700.
30. Chaudhry A., Oberg K., Gobl A., Heldin C.H., Funa K. Expression of transforming growth factors beta 1 beta 2 beta 3 in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system. Anticancer Res. 14:1994;2085-2091.
31. Waltenberger J., Lundin L., Oberg K., Wilander E., Miyazono K., Heldin C.H., Funa K. Involvement of transforming growth factor-beta in the formation of fibrotic lesions in carcinoid heart disease. Am. J. Pathol. 142:1993;71-78.
32. Herskind C., Bamberg M., Rodemann H.P. The role of cytokines in the development of normal-tissue reactions after radiotherapy. Strahlenther. Onkol. 174:1998;12-15.
33. El-Gamel A., Awad M., Sim E., Hasleton P., Yonan N., Egan J., Deiraniya A., Hutchinson I.V. Transforming growth factor-beta1 and lung allograft fibrosis. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 13:1998;424-430.
34. Shihab F.S., Yamamoto T., Nast C.C., Cohen A.H., Noble N.A., Gold L.I., Border W.A. Transforming growth factor-beta and matrix protein expression in acute and chronic rejection of human renal allografts. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6:1995;286-294.
35. Shihab F.S., Andoh T.F., Tanner A.M., Noble N.A., Border W.A., Franceschini N., Bennett W.M. Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in experimental chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Kidney Int. 49:1996;1141-1151.
36. Shihab F.S., Bennett W.M., Tanner A.M., Andoh T.F. Mechanism of fibrosis in experimental tacrolimus nephrotoxicity. Transplantation. 64:1997;1829-1837.
37. Wolf G., Zahner G., Ziyadeh F.N., Stahl R.A. Cyclosporin A induces transcription of transforming growth factor beta in a cultured murine proximal tubular cell line. Exp. Nephrol. 4:1996;304-308.
38. Mannon R.B., Kopp J.B., Ruiz P., Griffiths R., Bustos M., Platt J.L., Klotman P.E., Coffman T.M. Chronic rejection of mouse kidney allografts. Kidney Int. 55:1999;1935-1944.
39. Broekelmann T.J., Limper A.H., Colby T.V., McDonald J.A. Transforming growth factor beta 1 is present at sites of extracellular matrix gene expression in human pulmonary fibrosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;6642-6646.
40. Sime P.J., Xing Z., Graham F.L., Csaky K.G., Gauldie J. Adenovector-mediated gene transfer of active transforming growth factor- beta1 induces prolonged severe fibrosis in rat lung. J. Clin. Invest. 100:1997;768-776.
41. Coker R.K., Laurent G.J., Shahzeidi S., Lympany P.A., Du Bois R.M., Jeffery P.K., McAnulty R.J. Transforming growth factors-beta 1 -beta 2 and -beta 3 stimulate fibroblast procollagen production in vitro but are differentially expressed during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Am. J. Pathol. 150:1997;981-991.
42. Yamamoto T., Noble N.A., Cohen A.H., Nast C.C., Hishida A., Gold L.I., Border W.A. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms in human glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 49:1996;461-469.
43. Bodi I., Kimmel P.L., Abraham A.A., Svetkey L.P., Klotman P.E., Kopp J.B. Renal TGF-beta in HIV-associated kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 51:1997;1568-1577.
44. Yamamoto T., Noble N.A., Miller D.E., Gold L.I., Hishida A., Nagase M., Cohen A.H., Border W.A. Increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta in HIV-associated nephropathy. Kidney Int. 55:1999;579-592.
45. Mackay K., Striker L.J., Stauffer J.W., Doi T., Agodoa L.Y., Striker G.E. Transforming growth factor-beta Murine glomerular receptors and responses of isolated glomerular cells. J. Clin. Invest. 83:1989;1160-1167.
46. Sterzel R.B., Schulze-Lohoff E., Marx M. Cytokines and mesangial cells. Kidney Int. Suppl. 39 S:1993;26-31.
47. Hansch G.M., Wagner C., Burger A., Dong W., Staehler G., Stoeck M. Matrix protein synthesis by glomerular mesangial cells in culture: effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and platelet- derived growth factor. (PDGF) on fibronectin and collagen type IV mRNA. J. Cell. Physiol. 163:1995;451-457.
48. Matrisian L.M. The matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. Bioessays. 14:1992;455-463.
49. Bitzer M., Sterzel R.B., Bottinger E.P. Transforming growth factor-beta in renal disease. Kidney Blood Press. Res. 21:1998;1-12.
50. Isaka Y., Fujiwara Y., Ueda N., Kaneda Y., Kamada T., Imai E. Glomerulosclerosis induced by in vivo transfection of transforming growth factor-beta or platelet-derived growth factor gene into the rat kidney. J. Clin. Invest. 92:1993;2597-2601.
51. Kopp J.B., Factor V.M., Mozes M., Nagy P., Sanderson N., Bottinger E.P., Klotman P.E., Thorgeirsson S.S. Transgenic mice with increased plasma levels of TGF-beta 1 develop progressive renal disease. Lab. Invest. 74:1996;991-1003.
52. Border W.A., Okuda S., Languino L.R., Sporn M.B., Ruoslahti E. Suppression of experimental glomerulonephritis by antiserum against transforming growth factor beta 1. Nature. 346:1990;371-374.
53. Phillips A.O., Steadman R., Topley N., Williams J.D. Elevated D-glucose concentrations modulate TGF-beta 1 synthesis by human cultured renal proximal tubular cells The permissive role of platelet-derived growth factor. Am. J. Pathol. 147:1995;362-374.
54. Wakisaka M., Spiro M.J., Spiro R.G. Synthesis of type VI collagen by cultured glomerular cells and comparison of its regulation by glucose and other factors with that of type IV collagen. Diabetes. 43:1994;95-103.
55. Danne T., Spiro M.J., Spiro R.G. Effect of high glucose on type IV collagen production by cultured glomerular epithelial endothelial and mesangial cells. Diabetes. 42:1993;170-177.
56. Ziyadeh F.N., Sharma K., Ericksen M., Wolf G. Stimulation of collagen gene expression and protein synthesis in murine mesangial cells by high glucose is mediated by autocrine activation of transforming growth factor-beta. J. Clin. Invest. 93:1994;536-542.
57. Rocco M.V., Chen Y., Goldfarb S., Ziyadeh F.N. Elevated glucose stimulates TGF-beta gene expression and bioactivity in proximal tubule. Kidney Int. 41:1992;107-114.
58. Wahab N.A., Harper K., Mason R.M. Expression of extracellular matrix molecules in human mesangial cells in response to prolonged hyperglycaemia. Biochem. J. 316:1996;985-992.
59. Phillips A.O., Topley N., Steadman R., Morrisey K., Williams J.D. Induction of TGF-beta 1 synthesis in D-glucose priMed human proximal tubular cells by IL-1 beta and TNF alpha. Kidney Int. 50:1996;1546-1554.
60. Ziyadeh F.N., Han D.C., Cohen J.A., Guo J., Cohen M.P. Glycated albumin stimulates fibronectin gene expression in glomerular mesangial cells: involvement of the transforming growth factor-beta system. Kidney Int. 53:1998;631-638.
61. Yang C.W., Vlassara H., Peten E.P., He C.J., Striker G.E., Striker L.J. Advanced glycation end products up-regulate gene expression found in diabetic glomerular disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;9436-9440.
62. Pfeiffer A., Middelberg-Bisping K., Drewes C., Schatz H. Elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 19:1996;1113-1117.
63. Bollineni J.S., Reddi A.S. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhances glomerular collagen synthesis in diabetic rats. Diabetes. 42:1993;1673-1677.
64. Yoshioka K., Takemura T., Murakami K., Okada M., Hino S., Miyamoto H., Maki S. Transforming growth factor-beta protein and mRNA in glomeruli in normal and diseased human kidneys. Lab. Invest. 68:1993;154-163.
65. Sato H., Iwano M., Akai Y., Kurioka H., Kubo A., Yamaguchi T., Hirata E., Kanauchi M., Dohi K. Increased excretion of urinary transforming growth factor beta 1 in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Nephrol. 18:1998;490-494.
66. Fagerudd J.A., Groop P.H., Honkanen E., Teppo A.M., Gronhagen-Riska C. Urinary excretion of TGF-beta 1 PDGF-BB and fibronectin in insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Kidney Int. Suppl. 63:1997;S195-197.
67. Sharma K., Ziyadeh F.N., Alzahabi B., McGowan T.A., Kapoor S., Kurnik B.R., Kurnik P.B., Weisberg L.S. Increased renal production of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with type II diabetes. Diabetes. 46:1997;854-859.
68. Eddy A.A. Molecular insights into renal interstitial fibrosis [editorial]. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 7:1996;2495-2508.
69. Diamond J.R., Kees-Folts D., Ding G., Frye J.E., Restrepo N.C. Macrophages monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 and TGF-beta 1 in experimental hydronephrosis. Am. J. Physiol. 266 F:1994;926-933.
70. Meyers C.M., Kopp J.B., Klotman P.E., Kelly C.J. Renal antigen-specific T cell clones distinct patterns of interstitial injury and TGF-β expression, (Abstract). J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3:1992;604.
71. Basile D.P., Rovak J.M., Martin D.R., Hammerman M.R. Increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in regenerating rat renal tubules following ischemic injury. Am. J. Physiol. 270 F:1996;500-509.
72. Ketteler M., Noble N.A., Border W.A. Transforming growth factor-beta and angiotensin II: the missing link from glomerular hyperfiltration to glomerulosclerosis? Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57:1995;279-295.
73. Wolf G. Link between angiotensin II and TGF-beta in the kidney. Miner. Electrolyte. Metab. 24:1998;174-180.
74. Wolf G., Mueller E., Stahl R.A., Ziyadeh F.N. Angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cultured murine proximal tubular cells is mediated by endogenous transforming growth factor-beta. J. Clin. Invest. 92:1993;1366-1372.
75. Wolf G., Zahner G., Schroeder R., Stahl R.A. Transforming growth factor beta mediates the angiotensin-II-induced stimulation of collagen type IV synthesis in cultured murine proximal tubular cells. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 11:1996;263-269.
76. Kagami S., Border W.A., Miller D.E., Noble N.A. Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor-beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J. Clin. Invest. 93:1994;2431-2437.
77. Lee A.A., Dillmann W.H., McCulloch A.D., Villarreal F.J. Angiotensin II stimulates the autocrine production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 27:1995;2347-2357.
78. Chua C.C., Diglio C.A., Siu B.B., Chua B.H. Angiotensin II induces TGF-beta 1 production in rat heart endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1223:1994;141-147.
79. Liem L.M., Fibbe W.E., VanHouwelingen H.C., Goulmy E. Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in bone marrow Transplant recipients correlate with blood cell counts and chronic graft-versus- host disease. Transplantation. 67:1999;59-65.
80. Shirai Y., Kawata S., Tamura S., Ito N., Tsushima H., Takaishi K., Kiso S., Matsuzawa Y. Plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Comparison with chronic liver diseases. Cancer. 73:1994;2275-2279.
81. Jiang X., Kanai H., Shigehara T., Maezawa A., Yano S., Naruse T. Metabolism of transforming growth factor-beta in patients receiving hemodialysis especially those with renal osteodystrophy. Ren. Failure. 20:1998;135-145.
82. Anderson J., Briefel G., Jones J.M., Ryu J.H., McGuire M., Yun Y.P. Effects of acetate dialysate on transforming growth factor beta 1 interleukin and beta 2-microglobulin plasma levels. Kidney Int. 40:1991;1110-1117.
83. Anscher M.S., Peters W.P., Reisenbichler H., Petros W.P., Jirtle R.L. Transforming growth factor beta as a predictor of liver and lung fibrosis after autologous bone marrow transplantation for advanced breast cancer. N. Engl. J. M. 328:1993;1592-1598.
84. Suthanthiran M., Khanna A., Cukran D., Adhikarla R., Sharma V.K., Sing H.T., Augus T.P. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 hyperexpression in African American end-stage renal disease patients [see comments]. Kidney Int. 53:1998;639-644.
85. Murakami K., Takemura T., Hino S., Yoshioka K. Urinary transforming growth factor-beta in patients with glomerular diseases. Pediatr. Nephrol. 11:1997;334-336.
86. Kanai H., Mitsuhashi H., Ono K., Yano S., Naruse T. Increased excretion of urinary transforming growth factor beta in patients with focal glomerular sclerosis. Nephron. 66:1994;391-395.
87. Dominguez G.C., Costa R.S., Dantas M., Kimachi T., Coimbra T.M. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) activity in urine of patients with glomerulonephritis. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 28:1995;1061-1064.
88. Honkanen E., Teppo A.M., Tornroth T., Groop P.H., Gronhagen-Riska C. Urinary transforming growth factor-beta 1 in membranous glomerulonephritis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 12:1997;2562-2568.
89. Senatorski G., Paczek L., Sulowicz W., Gradowska L., Bartlomiejczyk I. Urine activity of cathepsin B collagenase and urine excretion of TGF- beta 1 and fibronectin in membranous glomerulonephritis. Res. Exp. Med. (Berl). 198:1998;199-206.
90. Sharma V.K., Ding R., Li B., Bologa R.M., Lagman M., Eduafo A., Edouard P., Mouradian J., Strom T.B., Suthanthiran M. Molecular correlates of human renal allograft rejection. Transplant. Proc. 30:1998;2364-2366.
91. Suthanthiran M. Molecular analyses of human renal allografts: differential intragraft gene expression during rejection. Kidney Int. Suppl. 58 S:1997;15-21.
92. Zhao X.M., Frist W.H., Yeoh T.K., Miller G.G. Expression of cytokine genes in human cardiac allografts: correlation of IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) with histological rejection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 93:1993;448-451.
93. Charpin J.M., Valcke J., Kettaneh L., Epardeau B., Stern M., Israel-Biet D. Peaks of transforming growth factor-beta mRNA in alveolar cells of lung transplant recipients as an early marker of chronic rejection. Transplantation. 65:1998;752-755.
94. Kitamura M., Fine L.G. The concept of glomerular self-defense. Kidney Int. 55:1999;1639-1671.
95. Khanna A., Li B., Li P., Suthanthiran M. Transforming growth factor-beta 1: regulation with a TGF-beta 1 antisense oligomer. Kidney Int. Suppl. 53 S:1996;2-6.
96. Khanna A., Li B., Li P., Suthanthiran M. Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1. (TGF-beta 1) expression with a novel TGF-beta 1 complementary DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 204:1994;1061-1066.
97. Choi B.M., Kwak H.J., Jun C.D., Park S.D., Kim K.Y., Kim H.R., Chung H.T. Control. of scarring in adult wounds using antisense transforming growth factor-beta 1 oligodeoxynucleotides. Immunol. Cell. Biol. 74:1996;144-150.
98. Akagi Y., Isaka Y., Arai M., Kaneko T., Takenaka M., Moriyama T., Kaneda Y., Ando A., Orita Y., Kamada T., Ueda N., Imai E. Inhibition of TGF-beta 1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides suppressed extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 50:1996;148-155.
99. Dhanani S., Huang M., Wang J., Dubinett S.M. Interferon-alpha inhibits murine macrophage transforming growth factor- beta mRNA expression. Inflammation. 18:1994;301-309.
100. Chan W., KriegJr R.J., Norkus E.P., Chan J.C. alpha-Tocopherol reduces proteinuria oxidative stress and expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in IgA nephropathy in the rat. Mol. Genet. Metab. 63:1998;224-229.
101. Kuemmerle N.B., Brandt R.B., Chan W., KriegJr R.J., Chan J.C. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta 1 induction by dietary vitamin E in unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Biochem. Mol. M. 61:1997;82-86.
102. Kuemmerle N.B., Chan W., KriegJr R.J., Norkus E.P., Trachtman H., Chan J.C. Effects of fish oil and alpha-tocopherol in immunoglobulin A nephropathy in the rat. Pediatr. Res. 43:1998;791-797.
103. Border W.A., Noble N.A., Yamamoto T., Harper J.R., Yamaguchi Y., Pierschbacher M.D., Ruoslahti E. Natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta protects against scarring in experimental kidney disease. Nature. 360:1992;361-364.
104. Isaka Y., Brees D.K., Ikegaya K., Kaneda Y., Imai E., Noble N.A., Border W.A. Gene therapy by skeletal muscle expression of decorin prevents fibrotic disease in rat kidney. Nat. M. 2:1996;418-423.
105. Isaka Y., Akagi Y., Ando Y., Tsujie M., Sudo T., Ohno N., Border W.A., Noble N.A., Kaneda Y., Hori M., Imai E. Gene therapy by transforming growth factor-beta receptor-IgG Fc chimera suppressed extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis [see comments]. Kidney Int. 55:1999;465-475.
106. Komesli S., Vivien D., Dutartre P. Chimeric extracellular domain type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor fused to the Fc region of human immunoglobulin as a TGF-beta antagonist. Eur. J. Biochem. 254:1998;505-513.
107. Nakao A., Fujii M., Matsumura R., Kumano K., Saito Y., Miyazono K., Iwamoto I. Transient gene transfer and expression of Smad7 prevents bleomycin- induced lung fibrosis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 104:1999;5-11.
108. Tredget E.E., Shankowsky H.A., Pannu R., Nedelec B., Iwashina T., Ghahary A., Taerum T.V., Scott P.G. Transforming growth factor-beta in thermally injured patients with hypertrophic scars: effects of interferon alpha-2b. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102:1998;1317-1328. discussion 1329-1330.
109. Lefaix J.L., Delanian S., Vozenin M.C., Leplat J.J., Tricaud Y., Martin M. Striking regression of subcutaneous fibrosis induced by high doses of gamma rays using a combination of pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol: an experimental study. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 43:1999;839-847.
110. Tsushima H., Kawata S., Tamura S., Ito N., Shirai Y., Kiso S., Doi Y., Yamada A., Oshikawa O., Matsuzawa Y. Reduced plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C after interferon-alpha therapy: association with regression of hepatic fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 30:1999;1-7.
111. Zhang S., Shiels I.A., Ambler J.S., Taylor S.M. Pirfenidone reduces fibronectin synthesis by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Aust. NZ J. Ophthalmol. 26 S:(Suppl 1):1998;74-76.
112. Shimizu T., Kuroda T., Hata S., Fukagawa M., Margolin S.B., Kurokawa K. Pirfenidone improves renal function and fibrosis in the post-obstructed kidney. Kidney Int. 54:1998;99-109.
113. Galera P., Vivien D., Pronost S., Bonaventure J., Redini F., Loyau G., Pujol J.P. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) up-regulation of collagen type II in primary cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes. (RAC) involves increased mRNA levels without affecting mRNA stability and procollagen processing. J. Cell. Physiol. 153:1992;596-606.
114. Kagami S., Kuhara T., Yasutomo K., Okada K., Loster K., Reutter W., Kuroda Y. Transforming growth factor-beta. (TGF-beta) stimulates the expression of beta1 integrins and adhesion by rat mesangial cells. Exp. Cell. Res. 229:1996;1-6.
115. Kanzler S., Lohse A.W., Keil A., Henninger J., Dienes H.P., Schirmacher P., Rose-John S., ZumBuschenfelde K.H., Blessing M. TGF-beta1 in liver fibrosis: an inducible transgenic mouse model to study liver fibrogenesis. Am. J. Physiol. 276 G:1999;1059-1068.
116. Qi W.N., Scully S.P. Effect of type II collagen in chondrocyte response to TGF-beta 1 regulation. Exp. Cell. Res. 241:1998;142-150.
117. Dounchis J.S., Goomer R.S., Harwood F.L., Khatod M., Coutts R.D., Amiel D. Chondrogenic phenotype of perichondrium-derived chondroprogenitor cells is influenced by transforming growth factor-beta 1. J. Orthop. Res. 15:1997;803-807.
118. Bertelli R., Valenti F., Oleggini R., Caridi G., Altieri P., Coviello D.A., Botti G., Ravazzolo R., Ghiggeri G.M. Cell-specific regulation of alpha1 (III) and alpha2 (V) collagen by TGF- beta1 in tubulointerstitial cell models. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 13:1998;573-579.
119. Silbiger S., Lei J., Ziyadeh F.N., Neugarten J. Estradiol reverses TGF-beta1-stimulated type IV collagen gene transcription in murine mesangial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 274 F:1998;1113-1118.
120. Park I.S., Kiyomoto H., Abboud S.L., Abboud H.E. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta and type IV collagen in early streptozotocin-induced diabetes [published erratum appears in Diabetes (1997) May; 46. (5): 924]. Diabetes. 46:1997;473-480.
121. Parekh T.V., Wang X.W., Makri-Werzen D.M., Greenspan D.S., Newman M.J. Type V collagen is an epithelial cell cycle inhibitor that is induced by and mimics the effects of transforming growth factor beta1. Cell. Growth Differ. 9:1998;423-433.
122. Kon A., Vindevoghel L., Kouba D.J., Fujimur A.Y., Uitt O.J., Mauvie L.A. Cooperation between SMAD and NF-kappaB in growth factor regulated type VII collagen gene expression. Oncogene. 18:1999;1837-1844.
123. Grassel S., Tan E.M., Timpl R., Chu M.L. Collagen type XVI expression is modulated by basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. FEBS Lett. 436:1998;197-201.
124. Jakowlew S.B., Mariano J.M., You L., Mathias A. Differential regulation of protease and extracellular matrix protein expression by transforming growth factor-beta 1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1353:1997;157-170.
125. Rajagopal S., Moskal T.L., Wang H., Chakrabarty S. Efficacy and specificity of antisense laminin chain-specific expression vectors in blocking laminin induction by TGFbeta1: effect of laminin blockade on TGFbeta1-mediated cellular responses. J. Cell. Physiol. 178:1999;296-303.
126. Virolle T., Monthouel M.N., Djabari Z., Ortonne J.P., Meneguzzi G., Aberdam D. Three activator protein-1-binding sites bound by the Fra-2JunD complex cooperate for the regulation of murine laminin alpha3A (lama3A) promoter activity by transforming growth factor-beta. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;17318-17325.
127. Knittel T., Janneck T., Muller L., Fellmer P., Ramadori G. Transforming growth factor beta 1-regulated gene expression of Ito cells. Hepatology. 24:1996;352-360.
128. Iozzo R.V., Pillarisetti J., Sharma B., Murdoch A.D., Danielson K.G., Uitto J., Mauviel A. Structural and functional characterization of the human perlecan gene promoter Transcriptional activation by transforming growth factor-beta via a nuclear factor 1-binding element. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;5219-5228.
129. Dodge G.R., Boesler E.W., Jimenez S.A. Expression of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan (perlecan) in human synovium and in cultured human synovial cells. Lab. Invest. 73:1995;649-657.
130. Brown C.T., Nugent M.A., Lau F.W., Trinkaus-Randall V. Characterization of proteoglycans synthesized by cultured corneal fibroblasts in response to transforming growth factor beta and fetal calf serum. J. Biol. Chem. 274:1999;7111-7119.
131. Kreisberg J.I., Garoni J.A., Radnik R., Ayo S.H. High glucose and TGF beta 1 stimulate fibronectin gene expression through a cAMP response element. Kidney Int. 46:1994;1019-1024.
132. Zhou H., HammondsJr R.G., Findlay D.M., Martin T.J., Ng K.W. Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 on gene expression and differentiated function of preosteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 155:1993;112-119.
133. Wrana J.L., Kubota T., Zhang Q., Overall C.M., Aubin J.E., Butler W.T., Sodek J. Regulation of transformation-sensitive secreted phosphoprotein (SPPI/osteopontin) expression by transforming growth factor-beta. Comparisons with expression of SPARC. (secreted acidic cysteine-rich protein). Biochem. J. 273:1991;523-531.
134. Rodan G.A., Noda M. Gene expression in osteoblastic cells. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene. Expr. 1:1991;85-98.
135. Staal A., Van Wijnen A.J., Desai R.K., Pols H.A., Birkenhager J.C., Deluca H.F., Denhardt D.T., Stein J.L., VanLeeuwen J.P., Stein G.S., Lian J.B. Antagonistic effects of transforming growth factor-beta on vitamin D3 enhancement of osteocalcin and osteopontin transcription: reduced interactions of vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor complexes with vitamin E response elements. Endocrinology. 137:1996;2001-2011.
136. Mackie E.J. Molecules in focus: tenascin-C. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 29:1997;1133-1137.
137. Reed M.J., Vernon R.B., Abrass I.B., Sage E.H. TGF-beta 1 induces the expression of type I collagen and SPARC and enhances contraction of collagen gels by fibroblasts from young and aged donors. J. Cell. Physiol. 158:1994;169-179.
138. Wrana J.L., Overall C.M., Sodek J. Regulation of the expression of a secreted acidic protein rich in cysteine. (SPARC) in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta Comparison of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. with fibronectin and type I collagen. Eur. J. Biochem. 197:1991;519-528.
139. Mauviel A., Santra M., Chen Y.Q., Uitto J., Iozzo R.V. Transcriptional regulation of decorin gene expression Induction by quiescence and repression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;11692-11700.
140. Mogyorosi A., Ziyadeh F.N. Increased decorin mRNA in diabetic mouse kidney and in mesangial and tubular cells cultured in high glucose. Am. J. Physiol. 275 F:1998;827-832.
141. Scott P.G., Dodd C.M., Ghahary A., Shen Y.J., Tredget E.E. Fibroblasts from post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue synthesize less decorin than normal dermal fibroblasts. Clin. Sci. (Colch). 94:1998;541-547.
142. Ueki N., Ohkawa T., Yamamura H., Takahashi K., Tsutsui T., Kawai Y., Yokoyama Y., Amuro Y., Hada T., Higashino K. Induction of calponin-h1 by transforming growth factor-beta1 in cultured human ito cells LI90. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1403:1998;28-36.
143. Yoshiko B., Yamabe H., Osawa H., Okumura K. Regulation of tissue plasminogen activator production in cultured human fetal mesangial cells. Exp. Nephrol. 6:1998;508-513.
144. Kawakami M., Suzuki K., Matsuki Y., Ishizuka T., Hidaka T., Konishi T., Matsumoto M., Kataharada K., Nakamura H. Hyaluronan production in human rheumatoid fibroblastic synovial lining cells is increased by interleukin 1 beta but inhibited by transforming growth factor beta 1. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 57:1998;602-605.
145. Haubeck H.D., Kock R., Fischer D.C., van deLeur E., Hoffmeister K., Greiling H. Transforming growth factor beta 1 a major stimulator of hyaluronan synthesis in human synovial lining cells. Arthritis Rheum. 38:1995;669-677.
146. Fawthrop F.W., Oyajobi B.O., Bunning R.A., Russell R.G. The effect of transforming growth factor beta on the plasminogen activator activity of normal human osteoblast-like cells and a human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. J. Bone. Miner. Res. 7:1992;1363-1371.
147. Navarrete Santo S.A., Kehle N.A., Schutt E.W., Langne R.J., Rieman N.D. Regulation by transforming growth factor-beta1 of class II mRNA and protein expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int. Immunol. 10:1998;601-607.
148. Idell S., Kumar A., Zwieb C., Holiday D., Koenig K.B., Johnson A.R. Effects of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha on procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways of human tracheal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 267:1994;693-703.
149. Ito K., Ryuto M., Ushiro S., Ono M., Sugenoya A., Kuraoka A., Shibata Y., Kuwano M. Expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor couples with development of capillary network by human microvascular endothelial cells on Matrigel. J. Cell. Physiol. 162:1995;213-224.
150. Busso N., Nicodeme E., Chesne C., Guillouzo A., Belin D., Hyafil F. Urokinase and type I plasminogen activator inhibitor production by normal human hepatocytes: modulation by inflammatory agents. Hepatology. 20:1994;186-190.
151. Kanalas J.J., Hopfer U. Effect of TGF-beta 1 and TNF-alpha on the plasminogen system of rat proximal tubular epithelial cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8:1997;184-192.
152. Keski-Oja J., Koli K. Enhanced production of plasminogen activator activity in human and murine keratinocytes by transforming growth factor-beta 1. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99:1992;193-200.
153. Lund L.R., Riccio A., Andreasen P.A., Nielsen L.S., Kristensen P., Laiho M., Saksela O., Blasi F., Dano K. Transforming growth factor-beta is a strong and fast acting positive regulator of the level of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in WI-38 human lung fibroblasts. Embo J. 6:1987;1281-1286.
154. Sandberg T., Eriksson P., Gustavsson B., Casslen B. Differential regulation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI- 1) gene expression by growth factors and progesterone in human endometrial stromal cells. Mol. Hum. Reprod. 3:1997;781-787.
155. Rougier J.P., Guia S., Hagege J., Nguyen G., Ronco P.M. PAI-1 secretion and matrix deposition in human peritoneal mesothelial cell cultures: transcriptional regulation by TGF-beta 1. Kidney Int. 54:1998;87-98.
156. Shlopov B.V., SmithJr G.N., Cole A.A., Hasty K.A. Differential patterns of response to doxycycline and transforming growth factor beta1 in the down-regulation of collagenases in osteoarthritic and normal human chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum. 42:1999;719-727.
157. Eickelberg O., Kohler E., Reichenberger F., Bertschin S., Woodtli T., Erne P., Perruchoud A.P., Roth M. Extracellular matrix deposition by primary human lung fibroblasts in response to TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3. Am. J. Physiol. 276:1999;814-824.
158. Uria J.A., Jimenez M.G., Balbin M., Freije J.M.P., Lopez-Otin C. Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the expression of collagenase-1 and collagenase-3 in human fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 273:1998;9769-9777.
159. Johansson N., Westermarck J., Leppa S., Hakkinen L., Koivisto L., Lopez-Otin C., Peltonen J., Heino J., Kahari V.M. Collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression by HaCaT keratinocytes is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. Cell. Growth Differ. 8:1997;243-250.
160. Rydziel S., Varghese S., Canalis E. Transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits collagenase 3 expression by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in osteoblast cultures [published erratum appears in J. Cell Physiol. (1997) May;171. (2):234]. J. Cell. Physiol. 170:1997;145-152.
161. Muller-Pillasch F., Gress T.M., Yamaguch I.H., Gen G.M., Adle R.G., Menk E.A. The influence of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the expression of genes coding for matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases during regeneration from cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Pancreas. 15:1997;168-175.
162. Lee K.S., Ryoo Y.W., Song J.Y. Interferon-gamma upregulates the stromelysin-1 gene expression by human skin fibroblasts in culture. Exp. Mol. M. 30:1998;59-64.
163. Arai Y., Kubo T., Kobayashi K., Takeshita K., Takahashi K., Ikeda T., Imanishi J., Takigawa M., Hirasawa Y. Adenovirus vector-mediated gene transduction to chondrocytes: in vitro evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and heat shock protein 70 gene transduction. J. Rheumatol. 24:1997;1787-1795.
164. Nakano A., Tani E., Miyazaki K., Yamamoto Y., Furuyama J. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human gliomas. J. Neurosurg. 83:1995;298-307.
165. Sehgal I., Thompson T.C. Novel regulation of type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2) activities by transforming growth factor-beta1 in human prostate cancer cell lines. Mol. Biol. Cell. 10:1999;407-416.
166. Xie B., Dong Z., Fidler I.J. Regulatory mechanisms for the expression of type IV collagenases/gelatinases in murine macrophages. J. Immunol. 152:1994;3637-3644.
167. Miralles F., Battelino T., Czernichow P., Scharfmann R. TGF-beta plays a key role in morphogenesis of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans by controlling the activity of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2. J. Cell. Biol. 143:1998;827-836.
168. Azuma M., Tamatani T., Yuki T., Motegl K., Hoque M.O., Yoshida H., Sato M. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity induced by TGF-beta 1 in duct cells of human salivary gland is associated with the development of cyst formation in vivo. J. Oral. Pathol. M. 25:1996;467-473.
169. Fang K.C., Wolters P.J., Steinhoff M., Bidgol A., Blount J.L., Caughey G.H. Mast cell expression of gelatinases A and B is regulated by kit ligand and TGF-beta. J. Immunol. 162:1999;5528-5535.
170. Esteve P.O., Tremblay P., Houde M., St-Pierre Y., Mandeville R. In vitro expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in glioma cells following exposure to inflammatory mediators. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1403:1998;85-96.
171. Edwards D.R., Leco K.J., Beaudry P.P., Atadja P.W., Veillette C., Riabowol K.T. Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in young and old human fibroblasts. Exp. Gerontol. 31:1996;207-223.
172. Basile D.P., Martin D.R., Hammerman M.R. Extracellular matrix-related genes in kidney after ischemic injury: potential role for TGF-beta in repair. Am. J. Physiol. 275 F:1998;894-903.
173. Mozes M.M., Bottinger E.P., Jacot T.A., Kopp J.B. Renal expression of fibrotic matrix proteins and of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoforms in TGF-beta transgenic mice. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10:1999;271-280.
174. Su S., Dibattista J.A., Sun Y., Li W.Q., Zafarullah M. Up-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 gene expression by TGF-beta in articular chondrocytes is mediated by serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:1998;517-527.
175. Mattila L., Airola K., Ahonen M., Hietarinta M., Black C., Saarialho-Kere U., Kahari V.M. Activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) mRNA expression in scleroderma skin fibroblasts. J. Invest. Dermatol. 110:1998;416-421.
176. Su S., Dehnade F., Zafarullah M. Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 gene expression by transforming growth factor-beta and dexamethasone in bovine and human articular chondrocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 15:1996;1039-1048.
177. Korducki J.M., Loftus S.J., Bahn R.S. Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production in cultured human retroocular fibroblasts. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33:1992;2037-2042.
178. Bernauer W., Wright P., Dart J.K., Leonard J.N., Lightman S. The conjunctiva in acute and chronic mucous membrane pemphigoid An immunohistochemical analysis. Ophthalmology. 100:1993;339-346.
179. Elder M.J., Dart J.K., Lightman S. Conjunctival fibrosis in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid - the role of cytokines. Exp. Eye Res. 65:1997;165-176.
180. Zhang K., Phan S.H. Cytokines and pulmonary fibrosis. Biol. Signals. 5:1996;232-239.
181. Coker R.K., Laurent G.J. Pulmonary fibrosis: cytokines in the balance. Eur. Respir. J. 11:1998;1218-1221.
182. Zhang H.Y., Gharaee-Kermani M., Zhang K., Karmiol S., Phan S.H. Lung fibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and contractile phenotype in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Pathol. 148:1996;527-537.
183. Salez F., Gosset P., Copin M.C., Lamblin Degro S.C., Tonnel A.B., Wallaer T.B. Transforming growth factor-beta1 in sarcoidosis. Eur. Respir. J. 12:1998;913-919.
184. Li R.K., Li G., Mickle D.A., Weisel R.D., Merante F., Luss H., Rao V., Christakis G.T., Williams W.G. Overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and insulin-like growth factor-I in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 96:1997;874-881.
185. Tomita H., Egashira K., Ohara Y., Takemoto M., Koyanagi M., Katoh M., Yamamoto H., Tamaki K., Shimokawa H., Takeshita A. Early induction of transforming growth factor-beta via angiotensin II type 1 receptors contributes to cardiac fibrosis induced by long-term blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in rats. Hypertension. 32:1998;273-279.
186. Takahashi N., Calderone A., IzzoJr N.J., Maki T.M., Marsh J.D., Colucci W.S. Hypertrophic stimuli induce transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression in rat ventricular myocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 94:1994;1470-1476.
187. Murawaki Y., Nishimura Y., Ikuta Y., Idobe Y., Kitamura Y., Kawasaki H. Plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 concentrations in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13:1998;680-684.
188. Nagy P., Schaff Z., Lapis K. Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in fibrotic liver diseases. Hepatology. 14:1991;269-273.
189. Qi Z., Atsuchi N., Ooshima A., Takeshita A., Ueno H. Blockade of type beta transforming growth factor signaling prevents liver fibrosis and dysfunction in the rat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 96:1999;2345-2349.
190. Martinez O.M., Villanueva J.C., Gershwin M.E., Krams S.M. Cytokine patterns and cytotoxic mediators in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 21:1995;113-119.
191. Okuda S., Languino L.R., Ruoslahti E., Border W.A. Elevated expression of transforming growth factor-beta and proteoglycan production in experimental glomerulonephritis Possible role in expansion of the mesangial extracellular matrix [published erratum appears in J Clin Invest. (1990) Dec; 86. (6): 2175]. J. Clin. Invest. 86:1990;453-462.
192. Phillips A.O., Topley N., Morrisey K., Williams J.D., Steadman R. Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates the release of preforMed transforming growth factor beta 1 from human proximal tubular cells in the absence of de novo gene transcription or mRNA translation. Lab. Invest. 76:1997;591-600.
193. VanLaethem J.L., Deviere J., Resibois A., Rickaert F., Vertongen P., Ohtani H., Cremer M., Miyazono K., Robberecht P. Localization of transforming growth factor beta 1 and its latent binding protein in human chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 108:1995;1873-1881.
194. Slater W., Foster. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in chronic pancreatitis. Digestion. 56:1995;237-241.
195. VanLaethem J.L., Robberecht P., Resibois A., Deviere J. Transforming growth factor beta promotes development of fibrosis after repeated courses of acute pancreatitis in mice. Gastroenterology. 110:1996;576-582.
196. Sanvito F., Nichols A., Herrera P.L., Huart E.J., Wohlwen D.A., Vassalli J.D., Orc I.L. TGF-beta 1 overexpression in murine pancreas induces chronic pancreatitis and together with TNF-alpha triggers insulin-dependent diabetes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217:1995;1279-1286.
197. Zhang K., Garner W., Cohen L., Rodriguez J., Phan S. Increased types I and III collagen and transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA and protein in hypertrophic burn scar. J. Invest. Dermatol. 104:1995;750-754.
198. Schmid P., Itin P., Cherry G., Bi C., Cox D.A. Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-beta type I and type II receptors in wound granulation tissue and hypertrophic scar. Am. J. Pathol. 152:1998;485-493.
199. Peltonen J., Hsiao L.L., Jaakkola S., Sollberg S., Aumailley M., Timpl R., Chu M.L., Uitto J. Activation of collagen gene expression in keloids: co-localization of type I and VI collagen and transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA. J. Invest. Dermatol. 97:1991;240-248.
200. Bettinger D.A., Yager D.R., Diegelmann R.F., Cohen I.K. The effect of TGF-beta on keloid fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 98:1996;827-833.
201. Babu M., Diegelmann R., Oliver N. Keloid fibroblasts exhibit an altered response to TGF-beta. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99:1992;650-655.
202. Kawakami T., Ihn H., Xu W., Smith E., Leroy C., Trojanowska M. Increased expression of TGF-beta receptors by scleroderma fibroblasts: evidence for contribution of autocrine TGF-beta signaling to scleroderma phenotype. J. Invest. Dermatol. 110:1998;47-51.
203. Kikuchi K., Kadono T., Ihn H., Sato S., Igarashi A., Nakagawa H., Tamaki K., Takehara K. Growth regulation in scleroderma fibroblasts: increased response to transforming growth factor-beta 1. J. Invest. Dermatol. 105:1995;128-132.
204. Ota H., Kumagai S., Morinobu A., Yanagida H., Nakao K. Enhanced production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) during autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction of systemic sclerosis patients. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 100:1995;99-103.
205. Badalamente M.A., Sampson S.P., Hurst L.C., Dowd A., Miyasaka K. The role of transforming growth factor beta in Dupuytren's disease. J. Hand. Surg. [Am.]. 21:1996;210-215.
206. Berndt A., Kosmehl H., Mandel U., Gabler U., Luo X., Celeda D., Zardi L., Katenkamp D. TGF beta and bFGF synthesis and localization in Dupuytren's disease (nodular palmar fibromatosis) relative to cellular activity myofibroblast phenotype and oncofetal variants of fibronectin. Histochem. J. 27:1995;1014-1020.
207. Baird K.S., Crossan J.F., Ralston S.H. Abnormal growth factor and cytokine expression in Dupuytren's contracture. J. Clin. Pathol. 46:1993;425-428.
208. El-Sakka A.I., Hassoba H.M., Pillarisetty R.J., Dahiya R., Lue T.F. Peyronie's disease is associated with an increase in transforming growth factor-beta protein expression. J. Urol. 158:1997;1391-1394.
209. El-Sakka A.I., Hassoba H.M., Chui R.M., Bhatnagar R.S., Dahiya R., Lue T.F. An animal model of Peyronie's-like condition associated with an increase of transforming growth factor beta mRNA and protein expression. J. Urol. 158:1997;2284-2290.
210. Lin C.Y., Chen W.P., Yang L.Y., Chen A., Huang T.P. Persistent transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression may predict peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients with frequent peritonitis occurrence. Am. J. Nephrol. 18:1998;513-519.
211. Krause T.J., Katz D., Wheeler C.J., Ebner S., McKinnon R.D. Increased levels of surgical adhesions in TGFbeta1 heterozygous mice. J. Invest. Surg. 12:1999;31-38.
212. Lucas P.A., Warejcka D.J., Young H.E., Lee B.Y. Formation of abdominal adhesions is inhibited by antibodies to transforming growth factor-beta1. J. Surg. Res. 65:1996;135-138.
213. Confalonieri P., Bernasconi P., Cornelio F., Mantegazza R. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in polymyositis and dermatomyositis correlates with fibrosis but not with mononuclear cell infiltrate. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56:1997;479-484.
214. Lundberg I., Ulfgren A.K., Nyberg P., Andersson U., Klareskog L. Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum. 40:1997;865-874.
215. Bernasconi P., Torchiana E., Confalonieri P., Brugnoni R., Barresi R., Mora M., Cornelio F., Morandi L., Mantegazza R. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in dystrophic patient muscles correlates with fibrosis Pathogenetic role of a fibrogenic cytokine [see comments]. J. Clin. Invest. 96:1995;1137-1144.
216. Yamazaki M., Minota S., Sakurai H., Miyazono K., Yamada A., Kanazawa I., Kawai M. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its relation to endomysial fibrosis in progressive muscular dystrophy. Am. J. Pathol. 144:1994;221-226.
217. Kaufman L.D., Gruber B.L., Gomez-Reino J.J., Miller F. Fibrogenic growth factors in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and the toxic oil syndrome [see comments]. Arch. Dermatol. 130:1994;41-47.
218. Peltonen J., Varga J., Sollberg S., Uitto J., Jimenez S.A. Elevated expression of the genes for transforming growth factor-beta 1 and type VI collagen in diffuse fasciitis associated with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. J. Invest. Dermatol. 96:1991;20-25.
219. Rameshwar P., Chang V.T., Thacker U.F., Gascon P. Systemic transforming growth factor-beta in patients with bone marrow fibrosis - pathophysiological implications. Am. J. Hematol. 59:1998;133-142.
220. Kimura A., Katoh O., Hyodo H., Kuramoto A. Transforming growth factor-beta regulates growth as well as collagen and fibronectin synthesis of human marrow fibroblasts. Br. J. Haematol. 72:1989;486-491.
221. Beauchamp R.D., Coffey Jr R.J., Lyons R.M., Perkett E.A., TownsendJr C.M., Moses H.L. Human carcinoid cell production of paracrine growth factors that can stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell growth. Cancer Res. 51:1991;5253-5260.