Signal transduction via the B-cell antigen receptor: The role of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Volumn 245 I, Issue , 1999, Pages 1-51

  Justement, L B ^a  

^a The University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN; CD22 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; FC RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; B LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; B LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CROSS LINKING; EFFECTOR CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ADAPTOR PROTEINS, SIGNAL TRANSDUCING; ANIMALS; ANTIGENS; ANTIGENS, CD; ANTIGENS, CD22; ANTIGENS, CD79; ANTIGENS, DIFFERENTIATION, B-LYMPHOCYTE; B-LYMPHOCYTES; CALCIUM; CARRIER PROTEINS; CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ENZYME PRECURSORS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; LECTINS; ONCOGENE PROTEINS; PHOSPHOLIPASE C; PHOSPHOPROTEINS; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; PROTEIN-TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE; PROTEINS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-VAV; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, B-CELL; RECEPTORS, IGG; SHP1 PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SRC-FAMILY KINASES;

EID: 0032882129     PISSN: 0070217X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (202)

1. Achatz G, Nitschke L, Lamers MC (1997) Effect of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of IgE on the IgE response. Science 276:409-411
2. Afar DEH, Park H, Howell BW, Rawlings DJ, Cooper J, Witte ON (1996) Regulation of Btk by Src family tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell Biol 16:3465-3471
3. Andreotti AH, Bunnell SC, Feng S, Berg LJ, Schreiber SL (1997) Regulatory intramolecular association in a tyrosine kinase of the Tec family. Nature 385:93-97
4. Aoki Y, Isselbacher KJ, Pillai S (1994) Bruton tyrosine kinase is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated in pre-B lymphocytes and receptor-ligated B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10606-10609
5. T in interleukin -5 receptor signaling. J Exp Med 182:811-820
6. Benatar T, Carsetti R, Furlonger C, Kamalia N, Mak T, Paige CJ (1996) Immunoglobulin-mediated signal transduction in B cells from CD45-deficient mice. J Exp Med 183:329-334
7. Binstadt BA, Billadeau DD, Jeremovic D, Williams BL, Fang N, Yi T, Koretzky GA, Abraham RT, Leibson PJ (1998) SLP-76 is a direct substrate of SHP-1 recruited to killer cell inhibitory receptors. J Biol Chem 273:27518-27523
8. Blery M, Kubagawa H, Chen C-C, Vely F, Cooper MD, Vivier E (1998) The paired Ig-like receptor PIR-B is an inhibitory receptor that recruits the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:2446-2451
9. Blum JH, Stevens TL, DeFranco AL (1993) Role of the μ immunoglobulin heavy chain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in B cell antigen receptor expression and signal transduction. J Biol Chem 268:27236-27245
10. Bonnefoy-Berard N, Munshi A, Yon I, Wu S, Collins TL, Deckert M, Shalom-Barak T, Giampa L, Herbert E, Hernandez J, Meller N, Couture C, Altman A (1996) Vav: function and regulation in hematopoietic cell signaling. Stem Cells 14:250-268
11. Brown VK, Ogle EW, Burkhardt AL, Rowley RB, Bolen JB, Justement LB (1994) Multiple components of the B cell antigen receptor complex associate with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45. J Biol Chem 269:17238-17244
12. Burg DL, Furlong MT, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL (1994) Interactions of Lyn with the antigen receptor during B cell activation. J Biol Chem 269:28136-28142
13. Burkhardt AL, Brunswick M, Bolen JB, Mond JJ (1991) Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of B lymphocytes activates src-related protein-tyrosine kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:7410-7414
14. Burkhardt AL, Costa T, Misulovin Z, Stealy B, Bolen JB, Nussenzweig MC (1994) Iga and Igb are functionally homologous to the signaling proteins of the T-cell receptor. Mol Cell Biol 14:1095-1103
15. Bustelo XR, Barbacid M (1992) Tyrosine phosphorylation of the vav proto-oncogene product in activated B cells. Science 256:1196-1199
16. + thymocytes, and in B cell maturation. J Exp Med 183:1701-1718
17. Cambier JC (1995) Antigen and Fc receptor signaling: the awesome power of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). J Immunol 155:3281-3285
18. Cambier JC (1997) Inhibitory receptors abound? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:5993-5995
19. Cambier JC, Pleiman CM, Clark MR (1994) Signal transduction by the B cell antigen receptor and its coreceptors. Annu Rev Immunol 12:457-486
20. Campbell M-A, Sefton BM (1992) Association between B-lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulin and multiple members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases. Mol Cell Biol 12:2315-2321
21. Campbell MA, Klinman NR (1995) Phosphotyrosine-dependent association between CD22 and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 C. Eur J Immunol 25:1573-1579
22. Carter RH, Park DJ, Rhee SG, Fearon DT (1991) Tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C induced by membrane immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:2745-2749
23. Cassard S, Choquet D, Fridman WH, Bonnerot C (1996) Regulation of ITAM signaling by specific sequences in Ig-β B cell antigen receptor subunit. J Biol Chem 271:23786-23791
24. Chan VWF, Meng F, Soriano P, DeFranco AL, Lowell CA (1997) Characterization of the B lymphocyte populations in Lyn-deficient mice and the role of Lyn in signal initiation and down-regulation. Immunity 7:69-81
25. Chan VWF, Lowell CA, DeFranco AL (1998) Defective negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling in Lyn-deficient B lymphocytes. Curr Biol 8:545-553
26. Cheng AM, Rowley B, Pao W, Hayday A, Bolen JB, Pawson T (1995) Syk tyrosine kinase required for mouse viability and B-cell development. Nature 378:303-306
27. Cheng G, Ye Z-S, Baltimore D (1994) Binding of Bruton's tyrosine kinase to Fyn, Lyn or Hck through a Src homology 3 domain-mediated interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:8152-8155
28. Clapham DE (1995) Calcium signaling. Cell 80:259-268
29. Clark MR, Campbell KS, Kazlauskas A, Johnson SA, Hertz M, Potter TA, Pleiman C, Cambier JC (1992) The B cell antigen receptor complex: association of Ig-α and Ig-β with distinct cytoplasmic effectors. Science 258:123-126
30. Clark MR, Johnson SA, Cambier JC (1994) Analysis of Ig-α-tyrosine kinase interaction reveals two levels of binding specificity and tyrosine phosphorylated Ig-α stimulation of Fyn activity. EMBO J 13:1911-1919
31. Coggeshall KM (1998) Inhibitory signaling by B cell FcγRIIb. Curr Opin Immunol 10:306-312
32. Coggeshall KM, McHugh JC, Altman A (1992) Predominant expression and activation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ2 in B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:5660-5664
33. Cornall RJ, Cyster JG, Hibbs ML, Dunn AR, Otipoby KL, Clark EA, Goodnow CC (1998) Polygenic autoimmune traits: Lyn, CD22and SHP-1 are limiting elements of a biochemical pathway regulating BCR signaling and selection. Immunity 8:497-508
34. Costa T, Franke RR, Sanchez M, Misulovin Z, Nussenzweig MC (1992) Functional reconstitution of an immunoglobulin antigen receptor in T cells. J Exp Med 175:1669-1676
35. Crespo P, Schuebel KE, Ostrom AA, Gutkind JS, Bustelo XR (1997) Phosphorylation-dependent activation of rac-1 GDP/GTP exchange by the vav proto-oncogene product. Nature 385:169-172
36. Cyster JG, Goodnow, CC (1995) Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1C negatively regulates antigen receptor signaling in B lymphocytes and determines thresholds for negative selection. Immunity 2:13-24
37. Cyster JG, Goodnow CC (1997) Tuning Antigen receptor signaling by CD22: Integrating cues from antigens and the microenvironment. Immunity 6:509-517
38. Cyster JG, Healy JI, Kishihara K, Mak TW, Thomas ML, Goodnow CC (1996) Regulation of B-lymphocyte negative and positive selection by tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Nature 381:325-328
39. D'Ambrosio D, Hippen KL, Minskoff SA, Mellman I, Pani G, Siminovitch KA, Cambier JC (1995) Recruitment and regulation of PTPlC in negative regulation of antigen receptor signaling by FcgRIIb. Science 268:293-297
40. D'Ambrosio D, Hippen KL, Cambier JC (1996) Distinct mechanisms mediate SHC association with the activated and resting B cell antigen receptor. Eur J Immunol 26:1960-1965
41. DeFranco AL (1997) The complexity of signaling pathways activated by the BCR. Curr Opin Immunol 9:296-308
42. Desiderio S (1997) Role of Btk in B cell development and signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 9:534-540
43. deWeers M, Brouns GS, Hinshelwood S, Kinnon C, Schuurman RKB, Hendriks RW, Borst J (1994) B-cell antigen receptor stimulation activates the human Bruton's tyrosine kinase, which is deficient in X-linked agammaglobulinemia. J Biol Chem 269:23857-23860
44. 2+ response amplitude and duration. Nature 386:855-858
45. Domitati-Saad R, Ogle EW, Justement LB (1993) Administration of anti-CD45 mAb specific for a B cell-restricted epitope abrogates the B cell response to a T-dependent antigen in vivo. J Immunol 151:5936-5947
46. Doody GM, Justement LB, Delibrias CC, Matthews RJ, Lin J, Thomas ML, Fearon DT (1995) A role in B cell activation for CD22 and the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP. Science 269:242-244
47. Dubois PM, Stepinski J, Urbain J, Sibley CH (1992) Role of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of surface IgM in endocytosis and signal transduction. Eur J Immunol 22:851-857
48. Flaswinkel H, Reth M (1994) Dual role of the tyrosine activation motif of the Ig-a protein during signal transduction via the B cell antigen receptor. EMBO J 13:83-89
49. 2+ following B-cell receptor activation. EMBO J 17:1973-1985
50. Fu C, Turck CW, Kurosaki T, Chan AC (1998) BLNK: a central linker protein in B cell activation. Immunity 9:93-103
51. Furlong MT, Mahrenholz AM, Kim K-H, Ashendel CL, Harrison ML, and Geahlen RL (1997) Identification of the major site of autophosphorylation of the murine protein-tyrosine kinase Syk. Biochim Biophys Acta 1355:177-190
52. Furukawa T, Itoh M, Krugger NX, Streuli M, Saito H (1994) Specific interaction of the CD45 protein-tyrosine phosphatase with tyrosine-phosphorylated CD3 ζ chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10928-10932
53. Gold MR, DeFranco AL (1994) Biochemistry of B lymphocyte activation. Adv Immunol 55:221-295
54. Gold MR, Matsuuchi L, Kelly RB, DeFranco AL (1991) Tyrosine phosphorylation of components of the B-cell antigen receptors following receptor crosslinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:3436-3440
55. Gold MR, Sanghera JS, Stewart J, Pelech SL (1992) Selective activation of p42 MAP kinase in murine B lymphoma cell lines by membrane immunoglobulin crosslinking. Biochem J 287:269-276
56. lck protein tyrosine kinase in response to antigen receptor cross-linking in B lymphocytes. J Immunol 153:2369-2380
57. Goodnow CC (1996) Balancing immunity and tolerance: deleting and tuning lymphocyte repertoires. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2264-2271
58. Goodnow CC, Cyster JG (1997) Lymphocyte homing: the scent of a follicle. Curr Biol 7:R219-R222
59. Greer SF, Lin J, Clarke CH, Justement LB (1998) Major histocompatibility class II-mediated signal transduction is regulated by the protein-tyrosine phosphatase CD45. J Biol Chem 273:11970-11979
60. Greer SF, Justement LB (1999) CD45 regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of CD22 and its association with the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. J Immunol 162:5278-5286
61. Gruber MF, Bjorndahl JM, Nakamura S, Fu SM (1989) Anti-CD45 inhibition of human B cell proliferation depends on the nature of activation signals and the state of B cell activation. J Immunol 142:4144-4152
62. Grupp SA, Campbell K, Mitchell RN, Cambier JC, Abbas AK (1993) Signaling-defective mutants of the B lymphocyte antigen receptor fail to associate with Ig-α and Ig-β/γ. J Biol Chem 268:25776-25779
63. Gulbins E, Langlet C, Baier G, Bonnefoy-Berard N, Herbert E, Altman A, Coggeshall, KM (1994) Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Vav GTP/GDP exchange activity in antigen receptor-triggered B cells. J Immunol 152:2123-2129
64. ras. J Immunol 151:4513-4522
65. Healy JI, Dolmetsch RE, Timmerman LA, Cyster JG, Thomas ML, Crabtree GR, Lewis RS, Goodnow CC (1997) Different nuclear signals are activated by the B cell receptor during positive versus negative signaling. Immunity 6:419-428
66. Hempel WM, Schatzman RC, DeFranco AL (1992) Tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ2 upon cross-linking of membrane Ig on murine B lymphocytes. J Immunol 148:3021-3027
67. Hertz M, Nemazee D (1998) Receptor editing and commitment in B lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol 10:208-213
68. Hibbs ML, Tarlinton DM, Armes J, Grail D, Hodgson G, Maglitto R, Stacker SA, Dunn AR (1995) Multiple defect in the immune system of Lyn-deficient mice, culminating in autoimmune disease. Cell 83:301-311
69. Hombach J, Sablitzky F, Rajewski K, Reth M (1988) Transfected plasmacytoma cells do not transport the membrane form of IgM to the cell surface. J Exp Med 167:652-657
70. Hombach J, Tsubata T, Leclerq, Stappert H, Reth M (1990) Molecular components of the B-cell antigen receptor complex of the IgM class. Nature 343:760-762
71. Hutchcroft JE, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL (1991) B lymphocyte activation is accompanied by phosphorylation of a 72-kDa protein-tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem 266:14846-14849
72. Hutchcroft JE, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL (1992) Association of the 72-kDa protein tyrosine kinase PTK72 with the B cell antigen receptor. J Biol Chem 267:8613-8619
73. Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997) Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sapla. EMBO J 16:1620-1627
74. Johnson SA, Pleiman CM, Pao L, Schneringer J, Hippen K, Cambier JC (1995) Phosphorylated immunoreceptor signaling motifs (ITAMS) exhibit unique abilities to bind and activate Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases. J Immunol 155:4596-4603
75. Justement LB (1997) The role of CD45 in signal transduction. Adv Immunol 66:1-65
76. Justement LB, Campbell KS, Chien NC, Cambier JC (1991) Regulation of B cell antigen receptor signal transduction and phosphorylation by CD45. Science 252:1839-1842
77. Kaisho T, Schwenk F, Rajewski K (1997) The roles of γ1 heavy chain membrane expression and cytoplasmic tail in IgG1 responses. Science 276:412-414
78. Karin M, Liu Z-G, Zandi E (1997) AP-1 function and regulation. Curr Opin Biol 9:240-246
79. ras activation in B cells stimulated through the antigen receptor. J Immunol 152:3306-3316
80. Keshvara LM, Isaacson C, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL (1997) Syk activation and dissociation from the B-cell antigen receptor is mediated by phosphorylation of tyrosine 130. J Biol Chem 272:10377-10381
81. Kim K-M, Alber G, Weiser P, Reth M (1993a) Differential signaling through the Ig-a and Ig-b components of the B cell antigen receptor. Eur J Immunol 23:911-916
82. Kim K-M, Alber G, Weiser P, Reth M (1993b) Signaling function of the B-cell antigen receptors. Immunol Rev 132:125-146
83. Kishihara K, Penninger J, Wallace VA, Kundig TM, Kawai K, Wakeham A, Timms E, Pferrer K, Ohashi PS, Thomas ML, Furlonger C, Paige CJ, Mak TW (1993) Normal B lymphocyte development but impaired T cell maturation in CD45-exon6 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient mice. Cell 74: 143-156
84. Klingmuller U, Lorenz U, Cantley LC, Neel BG, Lodish HF (1995) Specific recruitment of SH-PTP to the erythropoietin receptor causes inactivation of JAK2 and termination of proliferative signals. Cell 80:729-738
85. Kon-Kozlowski M, Pani G, Pawson T, Siminovitch KA (1996) The tyrosine phosphatase PTP1C associates with Vav, Grb2 and mSos1 in hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 271:3856-3862
86. Kozlowski M, Mlinaric-Rascan I, Feng G-S, Shen R, Pawson T, Siminovitch KA (1993) Expression and catalytic activity of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1C is severely impaired in motheaten and viable motheaten mice. J Exp Med 178:2157-2163
87. Kubagawa H, Burrows PD, Cooper MD (1997) A novel pair of immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed by B cells and myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:5261-5266
88. Kurosaki T (1997) Molecular mechanisms in B cell antigen receptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 9: 309-318
89. Kurosaki T, Takata M, Yamanashi Y, Inazu T, Taniguchi T, Yamamoto T, Yamamura H (1994) Syk activation by the Src-family tyrosine kinase in the B cell receptor signaling. J Exp Med 179:1725-1729
90. Kurosaki T, Johnson SA, Pao L, Sada K, Yamamura H, Cambier JC (1995) Role of the Syk autophosphorylation site and SH2 domains in B cell antigen receptor signaling. J Exp Med 182:1815-1823
91. Lam K.-P., Kuhn R, Rajewski K (1997) In vivo ablation of surface immunoglobulin on mature B cells by inducible gene targeting results in rapid cell death. Cell 90:1073-1083
92. Lankester AC, van Schijndel GMW, van Lier RAW (1995) Hematopoietic cell phosphatase is recruited to CD22 following B cell antigen receptor ligation. J Biol Chem 270:20305-20308
93. Law DA, Chan VWF, Datta SK, DeFranco AL (1993) B-cell antigen receptor motifs have redundant signalling capabilities and bind the tyrosine kinases PTK72, Lyn and Fyn. Curr Biol 3:645-657
94. Lazarus AH, Kawauchi K, Rapoport MJ, Delovitch TJ (1993) Antigen-induced B lymphocyte activation involves the p21 and ras.GAP signaling pathway. J Exp Med 178:1765-1769
95. LeBien TW (1998) B-cell lymphopoiesis in mouse and man. Curr Opin Immunol 10:188-195
96. 2+ entry by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 268:9945-9948
97. 2 hydrolysis and regulation of phospholipase C isozymes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 7:183-189
98. Lewis RS, Cahalan MD (1995) Potassium and calcium channels in lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 13:623-653
99. Li Z, Wahl MI, Eguinoa A, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT, Witte ON (1997) Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-γ activates Bruton's tyrosine kinase in concert with Src family kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13820-13825
100. Li Z-H, Mahajan S, Prendergast MM, Fargnoli J, Zhu X, Klages S, Adam D, Schieven GL, Blake J, Bolen JB, Burkhardt AL (1992) Cross-linking surface immunoglobulin activates src-related tyrosine kinases in WEHI-231 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 187:1536-1544
101. Lin J, Justement LB (1992) The MB-1/B29 heterodimer couples the B cell antigen receptor to multiple src family protein tyrosine kinases. J Immunol 149:1548-1555
102. Lin J, Brown VK, Justement LB (1992) Regulation of basal tyrosine phosphorylation of the B cell antigen receptor complex by the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45. J Immunol 149:3182-3190
103. Lin J, Tao J, Dyer RB, Herzog NK, Justement LB (1997) Kinase-independent potentiation of B cell antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction by the protein tyrosine kinase Src. J Immunol 159:4823-4833
104. Lorenz U, Ravichandran KS, Burakoff SJ, Neel BG (1996) Lack of SHPTP1 results in src-family kinase hyperactivation and thymocyte hyperresponsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:9624-9629
105. Luisiri P, Lee YJ, Eisfelder BJ, Clark MR (1996) Cooperativity and segregation of functions within the Ig-α/β heterodimer of the B cell antigen receptor complex. J Biol Chem 271:5158-5163
106. Lund FE, Yu N, Kim KM, Reth Howard MC (1996) Signaling through CD38 augments B cell antigen receptor (BCR) responses and is dependent on BCR expression. J Immunol 157:1455-1467
107. MacLennan ICM (1998) B-cell receptor regulation of peripheral B cells. Curr Opin Immunol 10:220-225
108. Maeda A, Kurosaki M, Ono M, Takai T, Kurosaki T (1998) Requirement of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 for paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B)-mediated inhibitory signal. J Exp Med 187:1355-1360
109. Mahajan S, Fargnoli J, Burkhardt AL, Kut SA, Saouaf SJ, Bolen JB (1995) Src family protein tyrosine kinases induce autoactivation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell Biol 15:5304-5311
110. Majeti R, Bilwes AM, Noel JP, Hunter T, Weiss A (1998) Dimerization-induced inhibition of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase function through an inhibitory wedge. Science 279:88-91
111. Matsuuchi L, Gold MR, Travis A, Grosschedl R, DeFranco, AL Kelly RB (1992) The membrane IgM-associated proteins MB-1 and Ig-b are sufficient to promote surface expression of a partially functional B-cell antigen receptor in a nonlymphoid cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:3404-3408
112. Matthews RJ, Bowne DB, Flores E, Thomas ML (1992) Characterization of hematopoietic intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases: description of a phosphatase containing an SH2 domain and another enriched in proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich sequences. Mol Cell Biol 12:2396-2405
113. Mayer BJ (1997) Signal transduction: clamping down on Src activity. Curr Biol 7:R295-R298
114. 2-terminal transmembrane domain of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) M alters Igα and Igβ association and signal transduction. J Biol Chem 269:24237-24244
115. Mizuno K, Katagiri T, Hasegawa K, Ogimoto M, Yakura H (1996) Hematopoietic cell phosphatase, SHP-1, is constitutively associated with the SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein, SLP-76, in B cells. J Exp Med 184:457-463
116. Muta T, Kurosaki T, Misulovin Z, Sanchez M, Nussenzweig MC, Ravetch JV (1994) A 13-amino-acid motif in the cytoplasmic domain of Fc gamma RIIB modulates B-cell receptor signaling. Nature 368:70-73
117. Nadler MJS, McLean PA, Neel BG, Wortis HH (1997) B cell antigen receptor-evoked calcium influx is enhanced in CD22-deficient B cell lines. J Immunol 159:4233-4243
118. Nagai K, Takata M, Yamamura H, Kurosaki T (1995) Tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc is mediated through Lyn and Syk in B cell receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 270:6824-6829
119. Nishiumi H, Taniguchi I, Yamanashi Y, Kitamura D, Ilic D, Mori S, Watanabe T, Yamamoto T (1995) Impaired proliferation of peripheral B cells and indication of autoimmune disease in lyn-deficient mice. Immunity 3:549-60
120. Nishizumi H, Horikawa K, Mlinaric-Rascan I, Yamamoto T (1998) A double-edged kinase Lyn: a positive and negative regulator for antigen receptor-mediated signals. J Exp Med 187:1343-1348
121. Nitschke L, Carsetti R, Ocker B, Kohler G, Lamers MC (1997) CD22 is a negative regulator of B-cell receptor signalling. Curr Biol 7:133-143
122. Nussenzweig MC (1997) Immune responses: tails to teach a B cell. Curr Biol 7:R355-R357
123. O'Keefe TL, Williams GT, Davies SL, Neuberger MS (1996) Hyperresponsive B cells in CD22-deficient mice. Science 274:798-801
124. Ono M, Bolland S, Tempst P, Ravetch JV (1996) Role of the inositol phosphatase SHIP in negative regulation of the immune system by the Fc-gamma-RIIB. Nature 383:263-266
125. Ono M, Okada H, Bolland S, Yanagi S, Kurosaki T, Ravetch JV (1997) Deletion of SHIP or SHP-1 reveals two distinct pathways for inhibitory signaling. Cell 90:293-301
126. Otipoby KL, Andersson KB, Draves KE, Klaus SJ, Farr AG, Kerner JD, Perlmutter RM, Law C-L, Clark EA (1996) CD22 regulates thymus-independent responses and the lifespan of B cells. Nature 384:634-637
127. Pani G, Kozlowski M, Cambier JC, Mills GB, Siminovitch KA (1995) Identification of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1C as a B cell antigen receptor-associated protein involved in the regulation of B cell signaling. J Exp Med 181:2077-2084
128. - B cells. J Immunol 158:2663-2669
129. Pao LI, Bedzyk WD, Persin C, Cambier JC (1997) Molecular targets of CD45 in B cell antigen receptor signal transduction. J Immunol 158:1116-1124
130. Pao LI, Famiglietti, Cambier JC (1998) Asymmetrical phosphorylation and function of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif tyrosines in B cell antigen receptor signal transduction. J Immunol 160:3305-3314
131. Papavasiliou F, Jankovic M, Suh H, Nussenzweig MC (1995) The cytoplasmic domains of immunoglobulin (Ig) a and Igb can independently induce the precursor B cell transition and allelic exclusion. J Exp Med 182:1389-1394
132. Park H, Wahl MI, Afar DEH, Turck CW, Rawlings DJ, Tam C, Scharenberg AM, Kinet J-P, Witte ON (1996) Regulation of Btk function by a major autophosphorylation site within the SH3 domain. Immunity 4:515-525
133. Parikh VS, Nakai C, Yokota SJ, Bankert, RB, Tucker PW (1991) COOH terminus of membrane IgM is essential for an antigen-specific induction of some but not all early activation events in mature B cells. J Exp Med 174:1103-1109
134. Parikh VS, Bishop GA, Liu K-J, Do BT, Ghosh MR, Kim BS, Tucker PW (1992) Differential structure-function requirements of the transmembranal domain of the B cell antigen receptor. J Exp Med 176:1025-1031
135. Patel KJ, Neuberger MS (1993) Antigen presentation by the B cell antigen receptor is driven by the α/β sheath and occurs independently of its cytoplasmic tyrosines. Cell 74:939-946
136. Pei D, Lorenz U, Klingmuller U, Neel BG, Walsh CT (1994) Intramolecular regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP1: a new function for Src homology 2 domains. Biochem 33:15483-15493
137. Pei D, Wang J, Walsh CT (1996) Differential functions of the two Src homology 2 domains in protein tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1141-1145
138. Peters JD, Furlong MT, Asai DJ, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL (1996) Syk, activated by cross-linking the B-cell antigen receptor, localizes to the cytosol where it interacts with and phosphorylates α-tubulin on tyrosine. J Biol Chem 271:4755-4762
139. Peterson EJ, Clements JL, Fang N, Koretzky GA (1998) Adaptor proteins in lymphocyte antigen-receptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 10:337-344
140. Pezzutto A, Dorken B, Moldenhauer G, Clark EA (1987) Amplification of human B cell activation by a monoclonal antibody to the B cell-specific antigen CD22, Bp 130/140. J Immunol 138:98-103
141. Plas DR, Johnson R, Pingel JT, Matthews RJ, Dalton M, Roy G, Chan AC, Thomas ML (1996) Direct regulation of ZAP-70 by SHP-1 in T cell antigen receptor signaling. Science 272:1173-1176
142. fyn domains associate with nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated Ig-α. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:4268-4272
143. Pleiman CM, Chien NC, Cambier JC (1994b) Point mutations define a mIgM transmembrane region motif that determines intersubunit signal transduction in the anticen receptor. J Immunol 152:2837-2844
144. Plutzky J, Neel BG, Rosenberg RD (1992) Isolation of a src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:1123-1127
145. Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG (1997) Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function. Ann Rev Immunol 15:707-747
146. Rawlings DJ, Saffran DC, Tsukada S, Largaespada DA, Grimaldi JC, Cohen L, Mohr RN, Bazan JF, Howard M, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Witte ON (1993) Mutation of unique region of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in immunodeficient XID mice. Science 261:358-361
147. Rawlings DJ, Scharenberg AM, Park H, Wahl MI, Lin S, Kato RM, Fluckiger A-C, Witte ON, Kinet J-P (1996) Activation of BTK by a phosphorylation mechanism initiated by SRC family kinases. Science 271:822-825
148. Reth M (1992) Antigen receptors on B lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol 10:97-121
149. Reth M, Wienands J (1997) Initiation and processing of signals from the B cell antigen receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 15:453-479
150. Rigley KP, Harnett MM, Phillips RJ, Klaus GGB (1989) Analysis of signaling via surface immunoglobulin receptors on B cells from CBA/N mice. Eur J Immunol 19:2081-2086
151. Rowley RB, Burkhardt AL, Chao H-G, Matsueda GR, Bolen JB (1995) Syk protein-tyrosine kinase is regulated by tyrosine-phosphorylated Iga/Igb immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif binding and autophosphorylation. J Biol Chem 270:11590-11594
152. Salim K, Bottomley MJ, Querfurth E, Zvelebil MJ, Gout I, Scaife R, Margolis RL, Gigg R, Smith CIE, Driscoll PC, Waterfield MD, Panayotou G (1996) Distinct specificity in the recognition of phosphoinositides by the pleckstrin homology domains of dynamin and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. EMBO J 15:6241-6250
153. Sanchez M, Misulovin Z, Burkhardt AL, Mahajan S, Costa T, Framke R, Bolen JB, Nussenzweig M (1993) Signal transduction by immunoglobulin is mediated through Igα and Igβ. J Exp Med 178:1049-1055
154. Saouaf SJ, Mahajan S, Rowley RB, Kut SA, Fargnoli J, Burkhardt AL, Tsukada S, Witte ON, Bolen JB (1994) Temporal differences in the activation of three classes of non-transmembrane protein tyrosine kinases following B-cell antigen receptor surface engagement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9524-9528
155. Sato K, Ochi A (1998) Superclustering of B cell receptor and Fc gamma RIIB activates Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1. J Immunol 161:2716-2722
156. Sato S, Miller AS, Inaoki M, Bock CB, Jansen PJ, Tang MLK and Tedder TF (1996) CD22 is both a positive and negative regulator of B lymphocyte antigen receptor signal transduction: altered signaling in CD22-deficient mice. Immunity 5:551-562
157. Sato S, Jansen PJ, Tedder TF (1997) CD19 and CD22 expression reciprocally regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav protein during B lymphocyte signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13158-13162
158. Satterthwaite AB, Cheroutre H, Khan WN, Sideras P, Witte ON (1997) Btk dosage determines sensitivity to B cell antigen receptor cross-linking. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:13152-13157
159. ras oncoprotein activators SHC and mSOS1 as well as assembly of complexes containing SHC, GRB-2, mSOS1, and a 145-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. J Immunol 153:623-636
160. Schmitz R, Baumann G, Gram H (1996) Catalytic specificity of phosphotyrosine kinases BLK, Lyn, c-Src and Syk as assessed by phage display. J Mol Biol 260:664-677
161. Shaw AC, Mitchell RN, Weaver YK, Campos-Torres J, Abbas AK, Leder P (1990) Mutations of immunoglobulin transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains:effects on intracellular signaling and antigen presentation Cell 63:381-392
162. Sideras P, Smith CIE (1995) Molecular and cellular aspects of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Adv Immunol 59:135-223
163. Sidman CL, Marshall JD, Allen RD (1989) Murine "viable motheaten" mutation reveals a gene critical to the development of both B and T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6279-6282
164. Sidorenko SP, Law C-L, Chandran KA, Clark EA (1995) Human spleen tyrosine kinase p72Syk associates with the Src-family kinase p53/p56Lyn and a 120-kDa phosphoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:359-363
165. fyn-/- mice. J Leuk Biol 56:812-816
166. Sillman AL, Monroe JG (1995) Association of p72syk with the src homology-2 (SH2) domains of PLC gamma 1 in B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 270:11806-11811
167. Smit L, de Vries-Smits AMM, Bos JL, Boorst J (1994) B cell antigen receptor stimulation induces formation of a Shc-Grb2 complex containing multiple tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. J Biol Chem 269:20209-20212
168. Smith KGC, Tarlinton DM, Doody GM, Hibbs ML Fearon DT (1998) Inhibition of the B cell by CD22: a requirement for Lyn. J Exp Med 187:807-811
169. Sortirellis N, Johnson TM, Hibbs ML, Stanley IJ, Stanley E, Dunn AR, Cheng H-C (1995) Autophosphorylation induces autoactivation and a decrease in the Src homology 2 domain accessibility of the Lyn protein kinase. J Biol Chem 270:29773-29780
170. Su B, Karin M (1996) Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression. Curr Opin Immunol 8:402-411
171. Sutherland CL, Heath AW, Pelech SL, Young PR, Gold MR (1996) Differential activation of the ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by CD40 and the B cell antigen receptor. J Immunol 157:3381-3390
172. Taddie JA, Hurley TR, Hardwick BS, Bartholomew MS (1994) Activation of B- and T-cells by the cytoplasmic domains of the B-cell antigen receptor proteins Ig-α and Ig-β. J Biol Chem 269:13529-13535
173. Takata M, Kurosaki T (1996) A role for Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C-γ2. J Exp Med 184:31-40
174. Takata M, Sabe H, Hata A, Inazu T, Homma Y, Nukada T, Yamamura H, Kurosaki T (1994) Tyrosine kinases Lyn and Syk regulate B cell receptor-coupled Ca2+ mobilization through distinct pathways. EMBO J 13:1341-1349
175. Tarakhovsky A, Turner M, Schaal S, Mee PJ, Duddy LP, Rajewsky K, Tybulewicz VLJ (1995) 374: 467-470
176. Tedder TF, Tuscano J, Sato S, Kehrl JH (1997) CD22, a B lymphocyte-specific adhesion molecule that regulates antigen receptor signaling. Annu Rev Immunol 15:481-504
177. Teh Y-M, Neuberger MS (1997) The immunoglobulin (Ig)a and Igb cytoplasmic domains are independently sufficient to signal B cell maturation and activation in transgenic mice. J Exp Med 185:1753-1758
178. Thomas JD, Sideras P, Smith CIE, Vorechovsky I, Chapman V, Paul WE (1993) Colocalization of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and X-linked immunodeficiency genes. Science 261:355-358
179. Thomas ML (1995) Of ITAMs and ITIMs: turning on and off the B cell antigen receptor. J Exp Med 181:1953-1956
180. Tooze RM, Doody GM, Fearon DT (1997) Counterregulation by the coreceptors CD19 and CD22 of MAP kinase activation by membrane immunoglobulin. Immunity 7:59-67
181. Treisman R (1996) Regulation of transcription by MAP kinase cascades. Curr Opin Cell Biol 8:205-215
182. Tseng J, Eisfelder BJ, Clark MR (1997) B-cell antigen receptor-induced apoptosis requires both Igα and Igβ. Blood 89:1513-1520
183. Tsui FW, Tsui HW (1994) Molecular basis of the motheaten phenotype. Immunol Rev 138:187-206
184. Tsukada S, Saffran DC, Rawlings DJ, Parolini O, Allen RC, Klisak I, Sparkes RS, Kubagawa H, Mohandas T, Quan S, Belmont JW, Cooper MD, Conley ME, Witte ON (1993) Deficient expression of a B cell cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase in human X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Cell 72:279-290
185. Tsukada S, Simon MI, Witte ON, Katz A (1994) Binding of βγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11256-11260
186. Turner M, Mee JP, Costello PS, Williams O, Price AA, Duddy LP, Furlong MT, Geahlen RL, Tybulewicz VLJ (1995) Perinatal lethality and blocked B-cell development in mice lacking the tyrosine kinase Syk. Nature 378:298-302
187. Vambutas V, Kaplan DR, Sells MA, Chernoff J (1995) Nerve growth factor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Src homology-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 in PC12 cells. J Biol Chem 270:25629-25633
188. Vetrie DI, Vorechovsky I, Sideras P, Holland J, Davies A, Flinter F, Hammarstrom L, Kinnon C, Levinsky R, Bobrow M (1993) The gene involved in X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a member of the src family of protein tyrosine kinases. Nature 361:226-233
189. Vostal JG, Jackson WL, Shulman NR (1991) Cytosolic and stored calcium antagonistically control tyrosine phosphorylation of specific platelet proteins. J Biol Chem 266:16911-16916
190. Wickler LS, Scher I (1986) X-linked immune deficiency (xid) of CBA/N mice. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 124:87-101
191. Wienands J, Schweikert J, Wollscheid B, Jumaa H, Nielsen PJ, Reth M (1998) SLP-65: a new signaling component in B lymphocytes which requires expression of the antigen receptor for phosphorylation. J Exp Med 188:791-795
192. Williams GT, Venkitaraman AR, Gilmore DJ, Neuberger MS (1990) The sequence of the μ transmembrane segment determines the tissue specificity of the transport of immunoglobulin M to the cell surface. J Exp Med 171:947-952
193. Williams GT, Peaker CJG, Patel KJ, Neuberger MS (1994) The α/β sheath and its cytoplasmic tyrosines are required for signaling by the B-cell antigen receptor but not for capping or for serine/threonine-kinase recruitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:474-478
194. Yamanashi Y, Kakiuchi T, Mizuguchi J, Yamamoto T, Toyoshima K (1991) Association of B cell antigen receptor with protein tyrosine kinase Lyn. Science 251:192-194
195. Yanagi S, Sugawara H, Kurosaki M, Sabe H, Yamamura H, Kurosaki T (1996) CD45 modulates phosphorylation of both autophosphorylation and negative regulatory tyrosines of Lyn in B cells. J Biol Chem 271:30487-30492
196. Yang W, McKenna SD, Jiao H, Tabrizi M, Lynes MA, Schultz LD, Yi T (1998) SHP-1 deficiency in B-lineage cells is associated with heightened lyn protein expression and increased lyn kinase activity. Exp Hematol 26:1126-1132
197. Yao L, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T (1994) The pleckstrin homology domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase interacts with protein kinase C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:9175-9179
198. Yi T, Cleveland JL, Ihle JN (1992) Protein tyrosine phosphatase containing SH2 domains: characterization, preferential expression in hematopoietic cells, and localization to human chromosome 12p12-p13. Mol Cell Biol 12:836-846
199. Yi T, Mui AL-F, Krystal G, Ihle JN (1993) Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor β chain and down-regulates IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 13:7577-7586
200. Yohannan BJ, Wienands J, Coggeshall KM, Justement LB (1999a) Analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent interactions between stimulatory effector proteins and the B cell co-receptor CD22. J Biol Chem (in press)
201. Yohannan BJ, Brody BA, Justement LB (1999b) Identification of specific ITIM motifs in the cytoplasmic domain of CD22 that mediate binding of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 and are required for inhibitory function. Submitted for publication
202. Zhang R, Alt FW, Davidson L, Orkin SH, Swat W (1995) Defective signalling through the T- and B-cell antigen receptors in lymphoid cells lacking the vav proto-oncogene. Nature 374:470-473